[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Courses/textbook recommendations for studyin...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Ask HN: Courses/textbook recommendations for studying robotics?
        
       Hi HN,  I am studying robotics and exoskeletons as a hobby. Can HN
       please recommend high quality resources for self study?
        
       Author : codeknight11
       Score  : 112 points
       Date   : 2023-04-04 15:25 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
       | ForestCritter wrote:
       | Well, from my experience in a partially automated factory
       | 'wrangling the robots' I would do a little foray into 'things
       | that can go wrong'. Our robot arms would periodically have 'robot
       | revolt parties'. Watched a robot arm reach up and push a
       | compressor right off a ten foot dead nest. It didn't drop it or
       | fumble, it cleanly swept it right off. So many small things could
       | trigger problems and sometimes the fixes were odd, like one robot
       | refused to reset unless you opened and closed a certain one of
       | the cage doors despite having done the proper reset process in
       | the computer.
        
       | anfractuosity wrote:
       | I bought a 6DOF robot arm a while ago, which uses servos driven
       | by PWM, which I found quite fun.
       | 
       | It was only around PS70 for the servos + metal framework. I drive
       | it with a Pi and a PCA9685 based I2C board.
       | 
       | I was driving with a 5V supply, but it looks like the servos can
       | run at 6V, which I need to try, as the bottom servo in the arm
       | doesn't seem to have quite enough power.
       | 
       | I'd like to sometime try to 'teach' it to draw with a pen
       | (however badly), 'Inverse kinematics' feels rather scary though,
       | so wonder if anyone might have any very basic tutorials on this.
       | 
       | Tangentially related, I just bought 'The Ultimate Guide To DIY
       | Animatronics' yesterday, which I'm looking forward to reading
       | when it arrives.
       | 
       | And have been watching a few videos on animatronics such as:
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y0R8-F4TmPI - 'Show and Tell:
       | Animatronic Raven Kit!'
       | 
       | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=uNIfx0Xddzc - 'How Realistic
       | Animatronics Are Made For Movies & TV | Movies Insider'
       | 
       | Curious if anyone has any recommendations for videos/books in
       | this area?
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | >'Inverse kinematics' feels rather scary though, so wonder if
         | anyone might have any very basic tutorials on this.
         | 
         | You might look into graphics programming and 3d modeling. For
         | example Blender supports Inverse Kinematics for creating
         | character animation.
        
           | anfractuosity wrote:
           | That sounds a good plan, I've played with Blender a little,
           | only for very simplistic stuff, but will have to look into
           | its IK support.
        
         | gpm wrote:
         | I'd be interested in a link to the arm you bought? (Or do you
         | mean more along the lines of "designed"?)
        
           | anfractuosity wrote:
           | I bought from amazon, where it doesn't seem to be for sale
           | any more, but it looks identical to -
           | https://www.aliexpress.com/item/1005005380691351.html (the
           | silver one), with MG996 servos.
        
         | thomasthorpe wrote:
         | Try the Robot Operating System documentation for the software
         | and control side. If you can write the low level drivers then
         | the ROS stack abstracts the IK and other middleware layers
         | allowing you to focus on app and problem spaces.
         | 
         | https://docs.ros.org
        
           | anfractuosity wrote:
           | Thanks, that sounds really interesting, will definitely have
           | to try that out.
        
       | TheHideout wrote:
       | From a control system perspective:
       | 
       | Nise - Control Systems Engineering:
       | https://www.amazon.com/Control-Systems-Engineering-Norman-Ni...
       | 
       | Friedland - Control System Design:
       | https://www.amazon.com/Control-System-Design-Introduction-St...
        
       | jfrd wrote:
       | Are any subtopics particularly interesting to you?
       | 
       | Mechatronics, Computer Vision, Control Theory, State Estimation,
       | Path Planning, etc?
        
         | auxym wrote:
         | Second that.
         | 
         | Similar questions get posted pretty often in engineering
         | subreddits and it's difficult to answer as robotics is so
         | multi-disciplinary.
         | 
         | Very few people in this world are skilled enough in embedded
         | programming, PCB design (motor control and sensors), materials
         | and structures, dynamics and kinematics, controls and machine
         | design (CAD, selecting manufacturing processes, selecting
         | various COTS mechanical parts like actuators and bearings) to
         | be a one-man-robot making orchestra.
         | 
         | Advice to OP: pick a specialization to start with, and focus on
         | learning that while using pre-made parts for the rest. For
         | example, buy a ready-made robotic arm and write path planning
         | and controls software to operate it. Or build your own CNC
         | router/pick-and-place/3D printer/pen plotter but use off the
         | shelf/open-source electronics and firmware.
         | 
         | Once that's done, pick another specialty and move on to that if
         | it interests you.
        
           | antiviral wrote:
           | Good advice.
           | 
           | Can you recommend the names of any off-the-shelf robotic arms
           | or tools that can be modified or hacked?
           | 
           | Any good standard starting points for controller software?
        
             | tomp wrote:
             | I recently researched "cheap" (not really but not _super
             | extra_ expensive) robot arms.
             | 
             | (Disclaimer: I haven't bought any of them, so can't say
             | anything about the quality.)
             | 
             | UFactory Lite $3900 https://www.ufactory.cc/product-
             | page/ufactory-lite-6-kit
             | 
             | Dorna 2 $4200 https://dorna.ai/product/dorna-2/
             | 
             | ReBeL cobot EUR5000
             | https://www.igus.si/product/20962?artNr=REBEL-6DOF-01
             | 
             | Interbotix https://www.trossenrobotics.com/robotic-
             | arms/ros-research-ar...
             | 
             | DOBOT $2700 https://www.trossenrobotics.com/dobot-
             | mg400-industrial-deskt...
             | 
             | Wlkata Mirobot $2000
             | https://www.wlkata.com/products/professional-kit-of-
             | wlkata-m...
        
               | thomasthorpe wrote:
               | The Niryo arm is a high quality kit with good software
               | support package if not updated as often as it could be
               | 
               | https://www.niryo.com
        
             | jonathankoren wrote:
             | There's plenty of toy arms for programming on every
             | electronics site, including amazon. They're basically just
             | a series of exposed hobby servos mounted together in a
             | plastic skeleton. The motors are pretty much standard. You
             | can even buy them with or without an control board.
             | 
             | Buy an Arduino Mega or something. That way you'll have way
             | more pins that you'll need, and shouldn't hit up against
             | the memory limits. Arduinos have a huge community, and the
             | free IDE has all libraries and everything you need. I
             | bought one and an MP3 shield from AdaFruit last year and
             | successfully made a GNK droid. complete with flashing
             | lights and multiple modes of tranquil gonks.
        
           | jonathankoren wrote:
           | Picking up this idea, someone should write a robotics version
           | of "Build Your Own Metal Working Shop From Scrap"[0]. It's a
           | seven volume series where basically you start with rocks,
           | make a series of tools, and end up with a metal shop.
           | 
           | https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/19811050
        
       | huevosabio wrote:
       | Take a look at Stanford's Principles of Robotic Autonomy:
       | 
       | http://asl.stanford.edu/aa274a/
        
       | cashsterling wrote:
       | Kevin Lynch's book is free and very good:
       | http://hades.mech.northwestern.edu/index.php/Modern_Robotics -
       | someone already mentioned his course.
       | 
       | The Robotics resources and texts by Peter Corke are good:
       | https://petercorke.com/ -also has this good related course:
       | https://robotacademy.net.au/
       | 
       | "Controls Engineering in the FIRST Robotics Competition" by Tyler
       | Veness is free and a good short reference: https://controls-in-
       | frc.link/
       | 
       | Also add the MIT Robotics Series books:
       | https://mitpress.mit.edu/series/intelligent-robotics-and-aut...
       | 
       | Algorithms for Decision Making is free and awesome:
       | https://algorithmsbook.com/
       | 
       | Also looks really good (MIT Press hardcopy):
       | https://introduction-to-autonomous-robots.github.io/
        
       | randcraw wrote:
       | For mobile, "Introduction to Autonomous Mobile Robots" by
       | Siegwart et al.
       | 
       | For motion, "Principles of Robot Motion: Theory, Algorithms, and
       | Implementations" by Choset, et al.
       | 
       | It's telling that few new robotics textbooks have shipped in the
       | past 10-15 years.
        
       | GlenTheMachine wrote:
       | The classic book for kinematics and dynamics is John Craig,
       | Introduction to Robotics: Mechanics and Control, published by
       | Pearson.
       | 
       | Despite the title, it isn't a particularly good controls book.
       | But it's the standard for kinematics.
        
       | jaredandrews wrote:
       | Learn thru experience and consider mentoring a FIRST robotics
       | team in your area.
        
       | pgorczak wrote:
       | Nonlinear systems and control could be something that's useful to
       | get into regarding legged robots or exoskeletons. It's not
       | covered in depth by many general robotics textbooks but there's a
       | great lecture including fantastic interactive notebook material
       | at http://underactuated.mit.edu/
        
       | ericdfoley wrote:
       | If you're interested in perception, like tracking & freespace
       | detection or SLAM, then "Probabilistic Robotics" by Thrun is
       | pretty good. For a more fundamental take on that stuff (but less
       | robotics specific), "Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning" by
       | Bishop is my favorite.
        
       | petrw wrote:
       | The really big shift in ai in a sense was to reject the sense-
       | model- plan- act cycle. I continue to see researchers assuming
       | SMPA so although "everyone" knows this,"Intelligence without
       | representation" by Brooks is essential. The alternative is sense-
       | act in one layer, and model-plan over the top.
        
         | egl2021 wrote:
         | I apparently wasn't paying attention: can you elaborate on what
         | it is that "everyone" knows?
        
       | antegamisou wrote:
       | This reply will focus mainly on the academics.
       | 
       | Since you've mentioned exoskeletons, knowledge of kinematics and
       | dynamics is imperative.
       | 
       | Rotation Matrices, Forward/Inverse Kinematics, Denavit -
       | Hartenberg Parameters, Lagrangian Mechanics are a few fundamental
       | concepts one should be familiar with. Their applications mostly
       | pertain to robotic manipulators (arms), which are what members of
       | exoskeleton's are modeled after.
       | 
       | They're covered extensively in the classic in the field textbook
       | Robotics Modelling, Planning and Control by Siciliano, Sciavicco,
       | Villani, Oriolo
       | 
       | https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-1-84628-642-1
       | 
       | They also require some prior knowledge of linear algebra to
       | safely navigate through, so make sure you've achieved at least
       | some math literacy before diving into them.
       | 
       | Speaking of navigation, if you're interested in motion planning
       | i.e. how to optimally (safely and efficiently) go from point A to
       | point B, what you read is                   Planning Algorithms
       | by Steven M. Lavalle
       | 
       | http://lavalle.pl/planning/
       | 
       | for various ways the math people have came up with to solve this.
       | Many cool applications in fields outside of robotics like in
       | Computer Graphics/Animation too.
       | 
       | And btw, if there's one paper you'll absolutely have to read if
       | you find yourself more interested in motion planning is
       | Sampling-based Algorithms for Optimal Motion Planning by Sertac
       | Karaman and Emilio Frazzoli
       | 
       | https://arxiv.org/pdf/1105.1186.pdf
       | 
       | in which the authors have revised two very popular path planning
       | algorithms by making them significantly more optimal than their
       | initial implementations were, and are part of many decision
       | making systems that are involved in any type of mechanical
       | movements.
       | 
       | Some other comments talked about more advanced disciplines in the
       | field like State Estimation or Reinforcement Learning but I
       | believe the aforementioned (kimenatics/dynamics/motion planning)
       | are the bare minimum before diving into even more advanced math-
       | heavy concepts.
        
       | mohsaad wrote:
       | Probabilistic Robotics by Thurn/Burgard/Fox is basically the best
       | resource for anything SLAM or planning related.
       | 
       | Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach by Russell/Norvig is
       | another good book for planning and AI.
        
       | waynesonfire wrote:
       | what about mechanical engineering resources as relates to
       | robotics?
        
       | techbro92 wrote:
       | "Robotics dynamics algorithms" by Featherstone is a great book to
       | read for modern forward and inverse dynamics and spatial vector
       | algebra.
        
       | jstmm wrote:
       | Kevin Lynch has a great course "Modern Robotics: Mechanics,
       | Planning, and Control Specialization" on coursera. It covers the
       | key ideas in robotics at a high level (however it leaves out
       | perception). I recommend it for people interested in getting
       | started on this topic.
       | 
       | https://www.coursera.org/specializations/modernrobotics#cour...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-04-04 23:01 UTC)