[HN Gopher] A Reply to Josef PRusa
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       A Reply to Josef PRusa
        
       Author : treesciencebot
       Score  : 97 points
       Date   : 2023-04-02 18:25 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (blog.thea.codes)
 (TXT) w3m dump (blog.thea.codes)
        
       | AussieWog93 wrote:
       | I make OSHW, and can see why Prusa would do this.
       | 
       | Black when he was a nobody, these clones were, if anything, free
       | advertising for a product nobody would have otherwise heard of.
       | 
       | But now he's well known, the clones just make it harder to profit
       | off of his work.
       | 
       | Sucks that it's like that, but not at all surprising.
        
       | tjoff wrote:
       | Is someone buying a cheap knockoff really a lost sale for prusa?
       | 
       | Rather than a prusa my guess would be that they would buy some
       | other cheap printer instead. Then after a while they might
       | appreciate what prusa is offering and potentially become a
       | customer.
        
         | KeplerBoy wrote:
         | The knockoffs are great though and they offered many things
         | years ahead of prusa (32 bit controllers with wifi, bed
         | leveling, ...).
         | 
         | Prusas product cycle is slow which prevents them from keeping
         | up with the competition. Now they have an answer to the latest
         | an greatest versions of their knockoffs like ender s1 pros, but
         | by the time Prusa is ready for their next refresh the market
         | will be dominated by fast and cheap knockoffs of the bambulabs.
         | I believe prusa is not winning this.
        
         | stu2b50 wrote:
         | Yes, but with more criteria than "cheap knockoff". There's a
         | lot of companies these days that satisfy the niche of "printers
         | that print well and quickly out of the box without tinkering".
         | Furthermore, many of them are priced below Prusa's offerings.
         | 
         | "Cheap knockoff" implies a significant degradation in quality,
         | but the reality is that they are of equal quality, and lower
         | price - the fact that Prusa is open source and has a good
         | reputation as a brand can make up ground, but in the end many
         | consumers mainly care about meeting a certain standard of
         | performance, and then sorting by ascending price.
         | 
         | Prusa went from niche to fairly mainstream by being the printer
         | that "just works". Mainstream is way more money than the
         | enthusiast, hobby segment of the 3d printing market. So they
         | would feel the burn from having those sales lost.
        
       | quailfarmer wrote:
       | Nitpick, but:
       | 
       | > Arduino literally opened their platform to competitors and
       | flourished.
       | 
       | Arduino as a hardware manufacturer has collapsed in relevance in
       | the last 5 years, in part because they were continually undercut
       | by clones and similar/compatible hardware. In their case, it
       | seems intentional, Arduino IDEs openly allow other manufacturers
       | to add support for new boards. I think this was always the ethos
       | of the Arduino project, so it's hard to make a comparison to
       | Prusa
        
       | gjsman-1000 wrote:
       | Reciprocity is a recurring issue in open-source, and I don't take
       | the doom-and-gloom take, or the pretty optimistic take of this
       | author. It's happened many times in both software and hardware
       | (ElasticSearch, Arduino), and while it does help make your
       | company a standard... it also can severely hurt the original
       | company. What's the point of being the standard, if you've been
       | hurt by it instead of benefiting?
       | 
       | Obvious example, Arduino, which used to stand for Italian
       | Manufacturing and fair wages. Well, that ain't going to be the
       | cheapest thing on Amazon, so now buying a genuine Arduino is both
       | more expensive, not the first recommendation if you search for
       | "Arduino," _and_ a guessing game if you are going to get a
       | counterfeit. Almost everything recommended is _ELEGOO_ , which in
       | my experience is functional but I have had problems in the past
       | with their bootloaders, which I cannot imagine how intimidating
       | that would be for a newcomer.
       | 
       | This is an issue _especially_ when the company open-sourcing
       | their work is trying to boost a local, non-Chinese economy.
       | Whether it be Arduino in Italy or Prusa in the Czech Republic;
       | Chinese manufacturing is all-to-happy to take the plans, churn
       | out clones, and not even open-source the code (let alone the
       | hardware) changes they made. And, I actually, agree with Prusa
       | and think we should not let them do that. I don 't know how
       | _much_ they should be required to contribute; but right now it is
       | theft from both the designer (Prusa) _and_ the employees that
       | _would have_ been employed if their design hadn 't been ripped
       | off. How many people would be employed with good wages and
       | conditions _and were not_ because cheap, low quality, Chinese
       | labor was willing to fill the void?
        
         | nomel wrote:
         | > but right now its basically theft from both the designer
         | 
         | If you don't want people to do something, then don't tell them
         | they _can_ do it, legal permission and all. If the license was
         | chosen allows them to do it, you can't be surprised or shocked
         | when someone _does_ it. Making a clone isn't theft. That
         | appeared to be part of his point.
         | 
         | Unsurprisingly, giving the consumer what they want for cheaper
         | is a good way to loose sales. Foot meet gun, loaded with non-
         | philosophical ammo. The first patent was filed in 1447 for a
         | reason.
        
         | vbezhenar wrote:
         | > Chinese manufacturing is all-to-happy to take the plans,
         | churn out clones, and not even open-source the code (let alone
         | the hardware) changes they made
         | 
         | American programmers are happy to take free software, make a
         | profit on it and not even open source changes they made.
         | 
         | I, personally, bought Prusa because it was claimed to be open
         | source and I wanted to support it, as I respect those who go
         | open source way, however hard it is. As it's no longer is, I
         | probably would choose another printer next time, as I don't
         | really care about Czech economy.
        
         | vorpalhex wrote:
         | Many ham radio designs are open source, including hardware.
         | Often the original designer isn't even selling kits, so there's
         | no profit incentive.
         | 
         | Yet they still have problems with Chinese manufacturers. They
         | will swap components or make changes making designs worse, then
         | sell the meaningfully inferior product under the name of the
         | open source product.
         | 
         | This has lead to open source creators, with no profit
         | incentive, still pushing against what are functionally
         | counterfeit clones.
        
           | vbezhenar wrote:
           | I think that's a trademark issue and completely different
           | beast. Plenty of free software don't allow to reuse their
           | names. Nothing wrong about it and does not restrict user in
           | any meaningful way.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | As a private individual I highly doubt they even have
             | trademarks and even if they do they would have to spend a
             | lot of money defending them. Perps just disappear and do it
             | all over again.
        
             | explodingwaffle wrote:
             | I think this is one of the few things Prusa actually gets
             | right- it takes serious gall to carbon copy something
             | (there are plenty of cheap, mostly Chinese printers out
             | there, but the vast majority are fairly different to the
             | Mk3, not outright clones)- but not even the cloniest of
             | cloners would dare to call it an Original Prusa i3 MK3s
             | sold by Prusa Research by Josef Prusa.
        
           | tough wrote:
           | I bought some cheap furniture that was tagged made in PRC.
           | 
           | Both pieces where lacking some item to complete them, didnt
           | even bother to ask for a refund but ffs dafuq is going on
           | over dere
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | Right. I think the biggest problem with open source hardware
           | and software right now is that companies don't have any sense
           | of respect for the people who gave them an innovation for
           | free.
           | 
           | Instead, they see it as license to engage in a race to the
           | bottom against the own creator of the design, using cheap
           | manufacturing as a weapon. It is, in my opinion, disgustingly
           | unethical.
           | 
           | This is why we can't have nice things. It's also why, even
           | myself, I have sadly resolved that if I ever succeed in
           | making some massive project open-source, it will only be
           | Source-Available.
        
             | webnrrd2k wrote:
             | "I think the biggest problem with open source hardware and
             | software right now is that companies don't have any sense
             | of respect for the people who gave them an innovation for
             | free."
             | 
             | I didn't realize it until a few years ago, but this has
             | been going on for a long time... But with regular
             | commercial for-profit companies. Something like 30% of the
             | original ideas for companies products come from hobbyists.
             | They make a solution to their problems, and give the idea
             | away for free. A company comes along and uses the idea to
             | develop a business. Sometime they even patent the idea and
             | lock out the original inventor. But the original inventor
             | gets nothing.
             | 
             | The best example I've heard was those circular irrigation
             | systems where there is one well sunk, and these big wheels
             | that roll around it. They are hard to miss seeing from an
             | airplane. It was originally a farmer on marginal land that
             | come up with the idea.
             | 
             | There was an academic paper on commercial business
             | appropriating hobbyist ideas that made the rounds a few
             | years ago. I don't remember the details... Hopefully
             | someone else remember it better than I do and can provide a
             | link.
        
         | radicalbyte wrote:
         | The Chinese do exactly the same to plenty of non-open products.
         | It literally doesn't matter either way - they're going to clone
         | it if they can make a buck.
        
           | gjsman-1000 wrote:
           | True - but you can still have teams delisting Amazon and eBay
           | items, seizure at the border, and lawsuits against any
           | attempts to establish a formal US presence or distribution
           | network.
           | 
           | None of those are perfect, but it's better than Creality
           | selling Prusa clones in every Micro Center.
        
             | sottol wrote:
             | > None of those are perfect, but it's better than Creality
             | selling Prusa clones in every Micro Center.
             | 
             | Prusa i3 themselves are evolutions of the reprap Mendel
             | design, so I'm not sure if it's fair calling creality
             | enders prusa clones.
        
             | asveikau wrote:
             | > True - but you can still have teams delisting Amazon and
             | eBay items, seizure at the border, and lawsuits against any
             | attempts to establish a formal US presence or distribution
             | network.
             | 
             | How well does that work and how often does that happen? In
             | the last few years I've noticed more and more of a flood of
             | Chinese stuff violating copyright that is openly sold on
             | Amazon or Walmart. I feel like Amazon used to filter this
             | better maybe pre-pandemic. And of course that's just US
             | marketplaces, it's more and more common now for ordinary
             | people to buy from AliExpress.
        
         | freeopinion wrote:
         | For the sake of discussion, let me ask you why you prefer to
         | employ people in one country over another. The Chinese company
         | is also employing people.
         | 
         | Presumably, the Chinese employees are not paid or treated well.
         | But that is not a given. Nor is it a given that the Italian
         | employees are paid or treated well.
         | 
         | How about we bar the sale of any product domestically unless
         | its manufacture has been certified to conform with local
         | regulations regarding labor, environmental protections, etc.?
         | Thus, a U.S. company would have to pay to get certified before
         | they could sell in Italy. And they would have to pay for
         | surprise inspections, etc. to assure compliance. An Italian
         | company would also have to be certified and subject to surprise
         | inspections, but might not have to pay for those directly if
         | Italian taxpayers are willing to cover the costs. For that
         | matter, they may also choose to cover the costs for Chinese
         | manufacturers.
         | 
         | If you are objecting to the unfairness of having to compete
         | under different rules, let's address that. If the complaint is
         | that one party pays for the R&D while another party reaps the
         | profit, let's address that. These are not the same issue. If
         | the complaint is that people prefer to pay less for an inferior
         | product, that is also a different issue.
        
         | cowl wrote:
         | There is a conflation of ideas here. Arduino was not created to
         | stand for Italian manufactoring or fair wages.
         | 
         | > The Arduino project began in 2005 as a tool for students at
         | the Interaction Design Institute Ivrea, Italy, aiming to
         | provide a low-cost and easy way for novices and professionals
         | to create devices that interact with their environment using
         | sensors and actuators.
         | 
         | The main Purpose was "easy and low-cost access to create
         | devices". By that measure Every chinese Clone has helped in
         | that purpose. The fact that their Original Arduino was produced
         | in Italy to also support local Business was secondary to the
         | main purpose and it can be said that it was in conflict with
         | the main purpose. Sure 35 Eur is not much for Italy, but a
         | cheaper product reached a much more wider audience who starts
         | with cheaper products and then gains enough knowledge to
         | appreciate the why of the original. (better quality control,
         | better parts, more reliable etc). All this factors come after
         | you have dipped your toes, for which the clones has been a
         | crucial factor.
         | 
         | The same holds true for Prusa. Most of the comunity of Prusa
         | came initially from the reprap project, Prusa has benefited
         | from their open Ideas and refined them and I know many in the
         | community who have chosen Prusa instead of cheaper Variants
         | only as giving back for them being open (though not exactly
         | open development)
        
           | nyanpasu64 wrote:
           | Speaking for myself (an unemployed tinkerer), I bought three
           | Pi Picos instead of one Arduino _because_ Picos were $4 and
           | Arduinos were $24, meaning I could buy three Picos for half
           | the price, and hang onto them for future projects I need a
           | microcontroller for. I cannot justify buying a $24 Arduino to
           | solder together a game controller to USB converter, when I
           | can get a preflashed clone Arduino, plus custom PCB with
           | three controller connectors (then solder them on myself), for
           | $16. (makerfabs.com sells Arduino Nanos for $9 if you can
           | trust them, which I don 't since their website spawned a
           | Russian liveinternet.ru popup window likely from a malicious
           | script.)
           | 
           | Later I found out that AliExpress sells clone Arduino Nanos
           | for under $4
           | (https://github.com/timville85/TripleController#tested-
           | parts), but by this time I had already bought three Picos and
           | was learning to program the USB stack, PIO, and
           | microcontroller gdb using a second Pico (not sure if ESP8266
           | or ESP32 requires a JTAG to debug, or you can use gdb over
           | serial like https://arduino-
           | esp8266.readthedocs.io/en/latest/gdb.html).
        
         | stu2b50 wrote:
         | From a pragmatic point of view, I think there's some functional
         | issues with what Prusa is trying to do, though. For one, it
         | implies that the "clones" will always only get there by cloning
         | your own technology, which we know isn't the case from every
         | other industry where this has happened.
         | 
         | Bambu printers _already_ have significant technological
         | advantages over Prusa printers. The people there [at Bambu and
         | other companies] aren 't dumb - once bootstrapped by examining
         | open source printers, they can and will learn to build good
         | printers in their own right.
         | 
         | So when Prusa starts to become less open, which they inevitably
         | must do if the premise is that there are companies that don't
         | particularly care about foreign IP rights and licenses, then
         | they just enter the rat race with companies that are quite
         | frankly just better at making things for less money.
         | 
         | Maybe it is just financially unviable to be the open source
         | standard bearer, but in that case it's likely just financially
         | unviable for the company to exist.
        
       | jrockway wrote:
       | I can see why Prusa is annoyed that people clone his designs and
       | then sell them for cheaper. The end result is not truly the value
       | that his company provides; it's all the careful tweaking of the
       | firmware to make it work perfectly every time that probably
       | accounts for 80% of their engineering cost, and it hurts when
       | someone takes that from you. (Compare the out of the box
       | experience between an i3 and an Ender 3, for example. Absolutely
       | nothing stopping Creality from making it perfect like Prusa, but
       | I bet most Ender 3 users don't get a decent print until they
       | self-tweak settings that should be correct from the factory.)
       | 
       | Having said that, I think what hurts Prusa the most is their
       | inability to keep up with demand from the US. The cheap clones
       | win because they're still cheaper after Amazon same-day delivery.
       | With Prusa, ordering a 3D printer is a "if you're really lucky,
       | you might have one in a couple months" situation. This is costing
       | them way more revenue than people cloning their motherboards. If
       | they could sell to the US market efficiently, they would be
       | making so much money they probably wouldn't even realize a couple
       | of Aliexpress stores were selling outright clones.
       | 
       | (I indeed started my 3D printing adventure with a cheap printer
       | that shipped to me overnight. And regretted every moment with
       | that god awful piece of shit. At that point, I knew it was time
       | to get something good, and it was well worth the 3 or 4 months I
       | waited for an i3. But, most people give up much sooner than me.
       | 
       | I'm also going to insert a random story here; I ended up
       | rebuilding that printer with my own design for most of the parts,
       | saving only the enclosure and motion system. After probably 60
       | hours spent on that project, it still prints terribly because the
       | design of the bed is intrinsically flawed. The original
       | manufacturer works around that by having you manually level the
       | bed at 20 mesh points, and then printing a 30 gram raft over the
       | course of an hour to give your actual print a level bed. It is
       | just terrible, and that's why I like Prusa. It doesn't do that.)
       | 
       | To me, Prusa has 3 selling points; they test their stuff before
       | shipping it, the printers manufacture themselves (which gives you
       | a feeling that they are accurate and reliable over time), and the
       | entire stack is open source. If they remove one of those value
       | props, I don't know if they're Prusa Research anymore. They're
       | just one more anonymous manufacturer in a race to the bottom.
        
       | lnsru wrote:
       | I started open sourcing hardware and then in the middle I
       | realized, that I am digging my own grave. While any optimization
       | in software can be done in a weekend, this takes weeks in
       | hardware (5-7 days printed circuit manufacturing and couple days
       | assembly). Plus my final hardware will be optimized to pass
       | EC/FCC testing which also costs money. So investing time and
       | money for open source hardware design... I don't know, there is
       | no advantage left for me if I choose commercial path later.
       | Building hardware for fun isn't really my thing, I do this
       | already for living.
       | 
       | Edit: I have seen enough parts of open source projects
       | incorporated in commercial projects without any credits and
       | ignoring all licenses. Chance of being caught and punished is in
       | most cases zero.
       | 
       | Edit2: I work for a big corp right now and that's first workplace
       | who cares about using open source code from Internet. All the
       | smaller owner led companies were happy copying code and
       | accelerating development despite restrictive licenses. I asked
       | the bosses about this and it was just laughing all the time.
        
         | sinenomine wrote:
         | Maybe the right way of approaching this is setting up a crypto
         | fundraiser to opensource the hardware once some threshold is
         | reached. This could implement a kickstarter-like mechanics of
         | fund returns for underperforming fundraisers at the smart
         | contract level.
         | 
         | This way authors could be decently compensated.
        
           | lnsru wrote:
           | That's rather b2b product. I don't think, that kickstarter
           | format is good for b2b things.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | This is how Blender ended up being open sourced. Modulo the
           | crypto bit, I really don't see the point of that, you really
           | don't need it.
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | You can delay the release of your newer designs by 1-2 years so
         | that you can squeeze the juice at the beginning while being
         | nice to your regular users.
        
       | bitL wrote:
       | So basically author agrees with Prusa but wants him to become a
       | bankrupt martyr so that Chinese clones can start behaving more
       | responsibly? Even in software nice companies dual license their
       | SW to keep afloat.
        
       | kundi wrote:
       | I share your optimistic view of the world and believe that as a
       | broader community and society we have two options at such point -
       | to close or remain open and work on inspiring rather than
       | punishing (as you said) others. Thank you for sharing these wise
       | thoughts
        
       | mvdl wrote:
       | A great article with excellent advice that I hope Prusa will pick
       | up.
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | You can't copyright hardware in most countries. At best you can
       | add software to obfuscate things and then try to use copyright
       | law to protect that. That's printer ink cartridges and DRM.
        
       | captainmuon wrote:
       | If you want to share designs, but you want reciprocity and you
       | want to retain some control, then I wouldn't bother with
       | "licenses" as we have them in the software world - as in "I drop
       | this here, stick a license on it, and someone can grab it and use
       | it under these terms, without ever talking to me".
       | 
       | Rather, offer people the option to sign a little contract in
       | order to use it. Keep the barrier as low as possible, an email
       | exchange should be enough. I feel in the hardware world the
       | barriers are already pretty high and people want to know your
       | detailed business plan, your mother's maiden name and a couple of
       | references before they even share a data sheet. You just want to
       | have an address and make sure they know what they are agreeing
       | to. Keeping honest people honest and so on.
       | 
       | If "the Chinese" want to clone your product, then you are often
       | out of luck anyway. Although that is not entirely true anymore,
       | my previous company fought in China against clones and IP theft a
       | couple times and won. But you need to have a local presence, a
       | local subsidary that can hire lawyers etc.. If you are just
       | outsourcing production to third parties then it gets problematic.
        
         | sixothree wrote:
         | He may not get reciprocity but his platform absolutely benefits
         | from it being open source. The number of mods this has enabled
         | makes his printer better. It's that simple in my mind.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | He also gets goodwill from it. The number of people,
           | including fairly significant figures in the 3D printing
           | world, will knock some of his logical competitors (Bambu) for
           | not being open source.
           | 
           | Each Prusa printer has some of its price premium attributable
           | to "We like Joseph Prusa", and a lot (but not all) of that
           | comes down to being open source.
        
         | treesciencebot wrote:
         | > If "the Chinese" want to clone your product, then you are
         | often out of luck anyway. Although that is not entirely true
         | anymore, my previous company fought in China against clones and
         | IP theft a couple times and won. But you need to have a local
         | presence, a local subsidary that can hire lawyers etc.. If you
         | are just outsourcing production to third parties then it gets
         | problematic.
         | 
         | This is the take I think people are missing. If you are in a
         | spot where "the Chinese" or any other company can cut you out,
         | then I'm in the box that you are producing anything unique.
         | Which was/is not true for Prusa, since even though there are
         | clones that can be had by 1/4th of the price; people sure trust
         | the name of Prusa to order directly from them. This is why they
         | are the most sold printer of all time, their name is a mark of
         | quality.
         | 
         | I think the main problem that now started to get them all fired
         | up is the rise of other companies who can also provide that
         | experience (buying something out of the shelf and start
         | printing with it without turning this into a fully fledged
         | hobby to learn the mechanics). Bambu Lab not only did innovate
         | on it but also started to provide that convience for the same
         | price, obviously they had to go cheaper in order to start
         | obtaining market share but with true innovation they can still
         | sell advanced printers that are maybe 1.5X in price but 2-3X
         | worth in the capabilities compared to the Prusa (while also
         | providing cheaper options). Now the game is who is going to
         | dominate which sector (low end consumers [price] / high end
         | prosumers [innovation]). If I were Prusa I'd try to aim high
         | but not sure how well equipped are they to catch up to other
         | printers.
        
           | Fomite wrote:
           | This.
           | 
           | As a lawyer friend of mine put it, when working between
           | academics and industry in other countries: "Contracts and
           | licenses are not deflector shields. You have to be willing to
           | sue in that country. If you don't trust your partners, a
           | piece of paper isn't going to fix that."
        
         | jstanley wrote:
         | That's fine for serious business endeavours, but absolutely
         | kills one-man-band experimentation at the margin, which is the
         | only interesting bit in the first place.
        
       | slim wrote:
       | compatible copies are counter intuitively benefical for the
       | innovative business because they expand the market in way you'd
       | never dream of
        
       | unintendedcons wrote:
       | Has anyone worked long term on a 'release source after x$
       | revenue' model?
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | " Not even the almighty Apple can prevent the mass cloning of the
       | AirPods.".
       | 
       | This are not clones they are more just look alike a with
       | completely different sound profile and pairing process. So no,
       | not open sourcing does help Apple to keep people from buying
       | clones.
        
       | choonway wrote:
       | Forget patents and copyrights and any IP law invention. Ask any
       | cryptographer. The only two things that really work are:
       | 
       | 1. Trade Secrets
       | 
       | 2. Public Domain
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | To me I think the OPs self interest are the main reason he
       | opposes which he doesn't really explicitly state in his reply
        
       | m3kw9 wrote:
       | The main reason Josef closed sourced or because at the end of the
       | day $$$.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Perhaps he should use a license where a company has to pay if
       | they sell more than $N copies of the product, or something along
       | those lines.
        
         | skykooler wrote:
         | I suspect in this case clone companies may just "shutdown" and
         | then incorporate a "new" company making exactly the same
         | products with the same branding whenever they get close to $N.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Exactly why I said "or something along those lines".
        
         | yumraj wrote:
         | And you're going to enforce that in China how?
        
           | jrockway wrote:
           | I guess you get customs to block the imports to other
           | countries. How well this works, I don't know. Probably not
           | well.
           | 
           | I am resigned to the fact that there is no intellectual
           | property protection for software, hardware, or trademarks
           | these days. I usually put the Apache 2 license on my
           | projects, but what I am really intending is the "I know
           | you're going to steal this and I can't do anything about it,
           | so have fun" license. (There are licenses like this, but they
           | cause a lot of trouble for organizations that do respect
           | intellectual property. Apache 2 is acceptable to them and
           | basically has the same effect.)
        
         | cowl wrote:
         | Most of the cheap "copies" are not copies at all though. They
         | are Iterations on the idea like Prusa was an Iteration itself.
         | Most people when talk about copies talk about products like
         | Creality Ender whihc in fact has so little or nothing of Prusa
         | Designs. The frame is completly different (Extruded Aluminuium
         | profiles vs Single piece cut) the movement guides are completly
         | different (Rollers on V Aluminium profiles vs Rods with
         | bushings, The Board is based on Melzi vs Rambo, The Extruder is
         | different, the sensors are different etc etc. The only thing in
         | common they have is that they are both Simple Cartesian Systems
         | with a fixed Z Bed but this was not something that Prusa
         | Invented. Nothing on these systems (maybe with the exception of
         | the PCB Heated Bed) is an original Prusa Idea. Prusa's Problem
         | is not that they are copying his design, it's that they are
         | Iterating and often improving faster and cheaper than Prusa and
         | these improvements are not given back to the open community,
         | howevere for every "closed" improvement there has been, the
         | community has found open alternatives.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | Or you use a regular license, but publish the terms openly.
         | 
         | Ie. "Anyone who uses this printer design, or one based from it,
         | must pay $3 to us per printer sold. We will give this
         | permission to anyone who asks. For anyone who contributes back
         | to the design of our printers, we will consider reducing this
         | figure to $0"
        
       | weinzierl wrote:
       | This is a thoughtful reply but I found saying
       | 
       |  _" I believe Prusa has succeeded because of its community, not
       | because of its printers."_
       | 
       | a bit harsh. If they hadn't made good printers there would be
       | _that_ community in the first place.
        
         | detaro wrote:
         | I think the point is that a bunch of companies make or made
         | good printers, and Prusa stands out because of their community.
        
           | jeffybefffy519 wrote:
           | I have often considered buying a Prusa, and it was because
           | their printers are good quality and low fuss, the community
           | has literally never been a driving force.
           | 
           | Perhaps you could replace community with ecosystem in that
           | sentence.
        
             | nighthawk454 wrote:
             | Perhaps the value of the community is this widespread
             | belief in the quality of their printers (even if deserved -
             | you still gotta hear about it). In a marketing sense the
             | community was the _only_ driving force.
        
             | pen2l wrote:
             | By the way when did Prusa become known for their printers?
             | I was around when Ultimaker 2 was considered the best in a
             | "Just Works" kind of way and Lulzbot was the choice for the
             | more tinkerer/hacker-aligned user.
             | 
             | I stepped away from FDM printers and onto Formlabs' STL
             | printers around when U2 ruled (not exactly a move to
             | greener pastures, they're closed-source all the way), seems
             | like a lot has changed since I left as no-one is even
             | mentioning Ultimaker or Lulzbot. I'm just kinda
             | disappointed and bummed to see Ender of Creality and other
             | Chinese printers enjoying increasing prominence considering
             | their flagrant and persistent GPL violations.
        
         | cowl wrote:
         | The community was there before they had good printers. The
         | whole ecosystem without which Prusa would not be here today,
         | From the original Reprap hardware, firmware, slicer software,
         | to the often disregarded open 3D models. Prusa designs for
         | hobiest and prosumers, a market that would not be here if those
         | other parts where not in place by a communnity passionate about
         | open things.
         | 
         | I'm not trying to minimise the improvement that Prusa
         | Contributed back but Prusa is making it sound like they created
         | the segment and everyone is profiting from their work.
        
       | r3dneck wrote:
       | I think some people have a romantic vision of open source
       | contributors: nerds that feed themself with "likes" on GitHub,
       | simpleton that waste a significant part of they free time to
       | write code to benefit few smart guys able to valorise they sweat
       | enriching their companies. But "Open Source" is NOT free, there
       | are licenses that must be respected and a company that use 1:1 an
       | open source project , WITHOUT contribute to it development in any
       | way, WITHOUT to release the modified source code, using the open
       | source material to COMPETE against the entity that respect the
       | license, commits a crime. You reflect on that primarily when the
       | economy isn't that good and massive layoff leave the same open
       | source contributors without a job. IMHO, I think that the system
       | of licensing and enforcement of the open source licenses must be
       | rethought. Moreover I personally saw company using 'free for open
       | source' tools to develop commercial products , doing, in that way
       | , unfair competition to honest companies that pay the due
       | licenses. I'm also reflecting about my open source stuff, for
       | sure I'll make some change about what I release and how. So, in
       | short I think Mr. PRusa is right, releasing later the blueprints
       | ensure at least some level of protection against unfair
       | concurrence by cloners that if you have a company with employees
       | expose them nd their families to layoffs. It is HIS RIGHT. But,
       | again, I think the "open source system" should be modified to
       | insure to open source contributors some degrees of rights
       | protection.
        
       | krisoft wrote:
       | > This includes activities that are intentionally exploitative
       | such producing 1:1 clones of open hardware with minimal changes
       | 
       | I'm astonished by this opinion. They released their designs under
       | a permissive licence. Should people be mind readers and figure
       | out that they actually meant that you should not make 1:1 clones?
       | 
       | Would you call it "intentionally exploitative" if I build the
       | linux kernel on my computer?
       | 
       | They willingly, and without any coercion choose a licence which
       | let anyone build and sell a clone of their product. Let's not
       | pretend that those who then go and do that following all the
       | licence requirements are somehow bad.
        
         | HideousKojima wrote:
         | I'm not astonished any more, you see the same attitude with all
         | these new open source but not really software licenses people
         | are coming up with (of both the restrict big business usage and
         | restrict usage for "evil" purposes variety). People want the
         | goodwill and potential free labor that comes from being open
         | source without the actual requirements of being open source.
        
           | MBCook wrote:
           | It's not just that. Makerbot had the same problem before they
           | got bought out, that's why the Replicator 2 went closed.
           | 
           | It's one thing to take a design, modify it/improve it, and
           | sell it.
           | 
           | It's another to wait for someone with a good reputation to
           | design something good (with all the costs that entails), make
           | a perfect clone, and sell it as a perfect clone for much less
           | because you didn't have to pay for the R&D.
           | 
           | You're right. It's 100% license compliant. But it sucks and
           | isn't fair play.
           | 
           | So people go closed (Makerbot) or delay releasing things
           | (Prusa). Doing all the R&D and letting someone else to take
           | the sales isn't a sustainable model for a business.
           | 
           | What else are they to do? They can't survive selling
           | consumables. Their stuff is great but others (often with
           | worse quality) will always undercut that too.
           | 
           | I don't have an answer. Their choice (or very similar) is the
           | best option I can think of. Sell thing X, open source X-1. Or
           | at least wait until most R&D on X is paid.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | Moto7451 wrote:
         | Hard agree.
         | 
         | This sounds more like Josef and perhaps the author have a
         | romantic idea about open source but now dislike the realities.
         | There's no way you can get people to pinky swear to not use the
         | rights in the license you chose. There are so many cases of
         | millions or billions of dollars being generated through
         | companies built on open source software. To not expect the same
         | of hardware is unrealistic.
         | 
         | I'm not an expert on synthesizers but it sounds more like
         | reverse engineering than building from open source and
         | permissive licenses. I don't think that's the right lens to
         | think about the reproductions.
         | 
         | If Prusa doesn't want this then they need to close their
         | licenses and stop talking about being open. That's ok, it's
         | their business after all. I just expect that becoming "source
         | available" will have its own set of thorns for the brand that
         | has been built.
         | 
         | The irony of course is that the GPL was started due to...
         | closed source printers.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | > This sounds more like Josef and perhaps the author have a
           | romantic idea about open source but now dislike the
           | realities.
           | 
           | You think probably one of the most famous open source
           | hardware designers has "romantic ideas about open source" and
           | somehow you, dear random HN commenter, are wiser?
           | 
           | It's more like: Josef has been trying to carry the mantle of
           | open source hardware and has finally had enough of
           | manufacturers leeching off him, making piles of money, not
           | contributing _anything_ back, and worse: the 3d printing
           | community not just tolerating it, but gleefully funding the
           | people not contributing anything back.
           | 
           | People get riled up when Linksys or Netgear won't release
           | source code, but Ender and others copy Prusa's designs
           | and...everyone cheers and runs out to buy it.
           | 
           | Of course the poor man is fed up.
        
         | londons_explore wrote:
         | The clones in many ways are _better engineering_.
         | 
         | Any engineer can build a bridge. Only a good engineer can build
         | a bridge that meets all the user requirements, while not
         | massively overengineering the structure (and hence the budget).
         | 
         | They typically cut _just the right corners_ to make a still
         | functional product at a vastly reduced price.
         | 
         | And for that, the clone-makers are, IMO, contributing to the
         | ecosystem. The original product could adjust their design to
         | get the same savings, and either pass the savings onto the
         | customers, or take the extra as profit.
        
           | KennyBlanken wrote:
           | I'm not aware of a single clone of the prusa designs that
           | have been as good as prusa's.
           | 
           | Prusa's machines are expensive but by and large "just work",
           | and keep on working, and have a strong reputation for this,
           | backed by them eating their own dogfood, producing printers
           | with their printers.
           | 
           | The clones are almost always require a lot of
           | tweaking/fixes/upgrades and aren't durable or reliable. Some
           | of them are downright dangerous in terms of being fire
           | hazards, with things like heater bed wires that fray and
           | short out, underspec'd electronics that overheat, shitty
           | firmware, etc.
           | 
           | He's got a thousand (mostly) Chinese copycatters who
           | immediately download the design, figure out how to squeeze
           | every penny out of the BOM, modify it slightly to give their
           | marketing people something to brag about being "better" (as
           | well as try and force people to go to them, and only them,
           | for replacement parts), and print money from tens of
           | thousands of people on reddit and Facebook 3d printing forums
           | who think they're scoring some sort of great deal. None of
           | these people are adding anything of value; in fact, all the
           | effort spent fixing the shitty clones that are very poorly
           | supported, probably results in millions of person-hours
           | wasted.
           | 
           | If I were Prusa, I'd be exhausted, too. It's not an
           | understatement to say that he has been not-quite-single-
           | handedly carrying the hardware side of the
           | enthusiast/cottage-industry FDM market for well over a
           | decade. Sure, you have the corexy and delta designs, but
           | they're definitely a minority.
        
             | glompers wrote:
             | Good perspective for businesspeople who tend to create a
             | false equivalence between being a successful fast follower
             | in the market and being a successful innovator, as though
             | the market oxygen which fast followers seek were simply
             | something that would still be 'in the room' without
             | innovators' R&D and commercialization first putting it
             | there.
        
             | kadoban wrote:
             | What will change from that if they don't publish their
             | designs?
             | 
             | Knockoff producers will figure it out anyway, that's their
             | entire business and they're good at it.
             | 
             | The only people hurt are the actual customers, who probably
             | don't have as much experience reverse-engineering.
        
             | Fomite wrote:
             | Word has it the Sovol SV06 is giving the Mk3S+ a run for
             | its money.
        
         | mafuyu wrote:
         | Open-source hardware licensing is not as straightforward as
         | software, and funding isn't really figured out yet either.
         | Hardware has significant costs to develop, manufacture, and
         | sell, and many projects are niche or passion projects that
         | can't compete with mass manufactured clones. Legal obligations
         | of the licensing aside, the understanding is that the primary
         | way to support the creator is to buy directly from them. Prusa
         | has gotten pretty big and it looks like they want to make
         | decisions about whether they've outgrown that model or not.
         | 
         | With software, it costs nothing to just git clone and build for
         | your personal use (which also presents its own funding
         | challenges). For hardware, there's gonna be a chunk of people
         | who just want the product/functionality via clones, and you
         | need to be careful to keep the community/project to grow
         | sustainably. IMO, it should be along-side and not in spite of
         | those clones, but you can see the frustration.
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | > _Where we agree / First, I want to get out of the way some
       | things that I completely or mostly agree with. Josef's first key
       | item is in regards to the GPL: The standard GNU GPL license under
       | which our printers and software are available is very vague,
       | written in a complicated way, and open to various
       | interpretations. It was developed by academics for academic
       | purposes._
       | 
       | This is just pure wrong. Now, I'm willing to grant that the GPL
       | might not be suited to hardware--hardware is generally patented,
       | not copyrighted--if given a substantive analysis, but I note that
       | commercial firmware-in-hardware is covered by the same copyright
       | law and licenses that GPL is meant to deal with, so right at the
       | outset this critique seems like gibberish, and if pursued looks
       | set to produce a new poorly thought out problematic license.
       | 
       | > music equipment, _where one asshole with a big factory is
       | cloning and undercutting every popular product he can, including
       | those by small open hardware designers._
       | 
       | Behringer makes high quality, good sounding, inexpensive music
       | gear that makes great sound available to young and barely-
       | professional musicians. Most musicians are classic "starving
       | artists", and Behringer is selling them more affordable stuff
       | than anybody else. Seems a strange market to attack. (Behringer
       | mostly clones and modernizes "classic" synths from (say) the 70's
       | and 80's, most of whose original designers are dead, and who made
       | good money off them back in the day before selling out to
       | soulless corporations, and models that aren't even available any
       | more, hardly the poster children for being ripped off.
        
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