[HN Gopher] Compostable fast-food packaging can emit volatile PFAS
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Compostable fast-food packaging can emit volatile PFAS
        
       Author : john-titor
       Score  : 153 points
       Date   : 2023-04-02 15:58 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (cen.acs.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (cen.acs.org)
        
       | tingletech wrote:
       | https://archive.is/J2Wfh
        
       | throwaway892238 wrote:
       | You know, we really don't need this disposable culture. Everyone
       | just expects to get a disposable container everywhere they go (in
       | the West, anyway). But we don't need disposable everything.
       | People can carry their own set of utensils, and even their own
       | food packaging; it's not uncommon for people to bring their own
       | tupperwares to restaurants (wrap it in a decorative cloth to be
       | fancy). Restaurants could also give out more robust packaging
       | that costs more, or take a deposit to encourage returns.
       | Personally, I keep the stronger plastic chinese take-out
       | containers.
       | 
       | Back in the day, the disposable container was food. You'd get a
       | portable pie (meaning a meat pie, usually) in what was called a
       | "coffin" - basically a bread bowl or pastry shell that was mostly
       | thrown away after you'd eaten the inside of the pie. Summer rolls
       | and spring rolls have their own wrapper. Meat on a stick was
       | pretty common. Rice balls could contain fish or vegetables.
       | Samosas would have vegetable or meat fillings.
        
         | waboremo wrote:
         | I thought this was where we were heading with the explosion of
         | popularity with food trucks since they often provide so much
         | quantity of food in "food container" like a burrito, but
         | instead delivery took off.
        
         | ClumsyPilot wrote:
         | we cam have a country-wide system of reusable packaging that
         | you can get from any takeaway, abd can return to any takeawatly
         | for a refund
        
           | 542458 wrote:
           | I somewhat agree, but it's probably more complex than that -
           | We have a country-wide system of reusable aluminum and glass
           | containers that can be returned for refund and a significant
           | portion of the population can't be bothered and just chucks
           | them in the trash (or worse, the gutter). Lots of people
           | don't respond to incentives well.
        
             | carlmr wrote:
             | The incentives aren't strong enough then.
             | 
             | In Germany it's 25 cents for plastic and aluminum. 8cents
             | for glass.
             | 
             | A lot of people just throw the glass away in public bins,
             | because a) glass is heavy and b) 8 cents is too little
             | incentive.
             | 
             | The 25 cent cans most people return. If it was 1EUR a glass
             | bottle you bet your ass people would return them.
        
               | mauvehaus wrote:
               | We buy milk from local dairies in returnable glass
               | bottles (available from some area supermarkets, it's not
               | like we're going to the farm). The deposit is, indeed,
               | $1-$2 (depending on the dairy and size of the bottle).
               | 
               | You can bet your ass we return them.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > We have a country-wide system of reusable aluminium and
             | glass containers that can be returned for refund and a
             | significant portion of the population can't be bothered
             | 
             | Typically metal is sorted out of every trash flow, it's
             | really easy to detect and separate. Glass and metal are
             | both 100% recyclable. If the incentive covers the cost of
             | recycling / recovering the materials, it does not matter if
             | people throw them away, they are just throwing away their
             | own money.
        
             | modzu wrote:
             | i mean the refund has been like 10 cents since 1965, the
             | incentive isn't what it used to be
        
         | numpad0 wrote:
         | And there's the Chesterton's fence principle. There must be
         | reasons why restaurants provide utensils and packaging.
         | "Because consumerism we can just stop" is not enough.
         | 
         | > Summer rolls and spring rolls
         | 
         | Are served on a dish. _May_ be picked up from a dish by _clean_
         | hands, but may not be moved more than 5 ft away from a dish.
         | 
         | > Meat on a stick
         | 
         | Is on a stick, usually disposable. Which is barely a
         | "packaging", too, certainly a bamboo stick is not an edible
         | packaging, not to mention metal skewers.
         | 
         | > Rice balls
         | 
         | Are always eaten from non-edible containers, e.g. Saran wraps,
         | bamboo leaves. Nori is not a packaging. Use of disposable
         | gloves while making is recommended too.
         | 
         | > Samosa
         | 
         | Is served on a dish.
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | Man, I have to fight people in bakeries because the majority
         | simply ignore my repeated requests for skipping the plastic
         | bag. Some are fucking mental and simply refuse to comply. Most
         | are incredibly stupid and will never get it. Very few
         | understand immediately.
         | 
         | I think that yes, the main problem is all the entitled fucks
         | demanding "what they paid for"
        
         | ars wrote:
         | > People can carry their own set of utensils, and even their
         | own food packaging;
         | 
         | Carry this, carry your own reusable bags. But also get rid of
         | the car which could hold these things for you.
         | 
         | Why is there such a push to make life miserable for people?
        
           | ex3xu wrote:
           | If a doctor told you to stop smoking and lower your blood
           | pressure, would you berate him for pushing to make your life
           | miserable?
           | 
           | Our collective addiction to the conveniences of modern life
           | is leading to the proliferation of carcinogenic materials and
           | destroying the environment. Generations upon generations
           | lived without these spoils uphill both ways without
           | complaint. If the slightest suggestion of lifting some weight
           | and going for a walk is enough to induce abject misery, it
           | might be a good time to re-evaluate the way we do things.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | Plastic dishes are not hurting the environment. This is
             | 100% about appearances, it's actually helping anything at
             | all.
        
           | throwaway892238 wrote:
           | In Japan there's no public trash cans. To my astonishment, I
           | quickly adopted to planning my day around whether I'd need to
           | carry trash around with me. It actually worked out fine. In
           | this same way, adapting our lives to whether we'll be
           | carrying around utensils or a tupperware is also fine. From
           | my experience, it doesn't make life miserable.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | > But also get rid of the car which could hold these things
           | for you.
           | 
           | You don't need 2 tonnes of metal and 100+hp to carry "your
           | own reusable bags"
        
             | ars wrote:
             | Not to carry them, to store them. It's basically a portable
             | storage locker.
        
         | lumb63 wrote:
         | Huh, I too dislike disposable culture, but it never occurred to
         | me I could bring my own tupperwares to restaurants. I'll try
         | that next time!
        
       | dbg31415 wrote:
       | I use these, are these horrible?
       | 
       | https://www.costco.com/snapware-pyrex-18-piece-glass-food-st...
       | 
       | What should I use instead?
        
         | ChancyChance wrote:
         | Those should be fine since they don't have teflon and teflon-
         | related materials: they are non-BPA plastics with silicon
         | seals. Just don't microwave plastic (There are a lot of "ifs"
         | and "buts" around that, but it is better just to not microwave
         | plastic and be safe.) Granted, you are still throwing away
         | plastic once the snaps break. They also make similar types with
         | bamboo lids and a silicone seal.
         | 
         | (Hopefully if I'm wrong someone will shout me down with the
         | correct answer :)
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | The title literally says "Compostable fast-food packaging can
         | emit volatile PFAS". Your glass container with plastic lid
         | certainly isn't compostable.
        
       | carabiner wrote:
       | Just serve everything in banana leaves at this point.
        
       | friend_and_foe wrote:
       | That's because they were never designed to be enviroentally
       | friendly. They were designed _to be able to be marketed_ as
       | environmentally friendly. Big difference. If someone sees it
       | disintegrate they 'll think "good, biodegradable" even if that's
       | not actually what's happening. The manufacturers don't care. They
       | know, most of the people raising the hubbub about it don't take
       | the 5 minutes to understand what theyre screeching about, they
       | don't have to appease the environmentalists, they have to appease
       | the pantywads, the kind of people who don't buy animal tested
       | cosmetics but flush them down the drain all the same.
       | 
       | Just use paper for Christ's sake and quit it with all these
       | shenanigans. Brown, recycled paper, maybe some wax. And glass for
       | bottles and things. It's all you need.
        
       | phoenixreader wrote:
       | There has been a lot of food packaging toxicity research news
       | lately, for some reason. For example, just two weeks ago, "BPA-
       | like chemical seeps from labels to food"
       | https://www.futurity.org/bisphenol-s-bps-bpa-plastics-chemic...
        
       | rgrieselhuber wrote:
       | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/mar/13/toxic-fo...
       | 
       | This is worth noting as well.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hbarka wrote:
         | Getting a TOTO bidet is a life-changer. We have running water
         | and flushable toilets but we still dry smear?
        
           | rgrieselhuber wrote:
           | Agreed
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | tl;dr Toxic chemicals is toilet paper.
        
       | samwillis wrote:
       | I believe one of the other issues with compostable packaging is
       | when it ends up in landfill, rather than being composted. It
       | breaks down significantly quicker than other packaging in an
       | anaerobic environment resulting in a spike of methane emissions.
       | 
       | Obviously, many landfills now collect and use the methane, but
       | many don't and it contributes to greenhouse emissions.
       | 
       | Like many innovations to go green, it's complicated and often
       | hijacked by corporations to sell products.
       | 
       | Compostable packaging isn't the solution, reusable packaging is!
        
       | nayuki wrote:
       | Speaking as a complete noob here, what are some alternatives to
       | PFAS linings? Wax? Plant-based plastics?
        
         | w3454 wrote:
         | Banana leaves
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | I actually doubt that plant-based plastics are any better in
         | additives than oil based ones. Wasn't there some years ago
         | whole thing about those reusable "bamboo" polymer coffee cups.
         | That actually they do contained not so beneficial chemicals.
        
         | tectonic wrote:
         | Yes to both of those.
        
       | justinator wrote:
       | PFAS in dental floss:
       | 
       | https://www.ehn.org/pfas-floss-2658203711.html
        
         | ericpauley wrote:
         | Not bashing the conclusion, but I seriously thought it was
         | common knowledge that Oral B glide and equivalent products were
         | PTFE based.
         | 
         | It's also annoying that people lump PTFE with other PFAS when
         | it is pretty clearly less of an issue (note: not completely
         | trouble free) in most cases.
        
           | ars wrote:
           | Lumping PTFE with PFAS is willfully misleading people.
           | 
           | The two might have things in common during manufacturing, but
           | as a final product delivered to a consumer? Utterly
           | different.
        
           | photonbeam wrote:
           | 'Common'? I suspect a sampling of random people on the street
           | would approximate closer to zero
        
             | zerocrates wrote:
             | It used to be a big selling point of Glide that it's made
             | with Teflon/Gore-Tex: it was originally made by Gore and
             | had the Gore logo right on the package.
        
           | justinator wrote:
           | _> but I seriously thought it was common knowledge that Oral
           | B glide and equivalent products were PTFE based_
           | 
           | Nope. I bought it because I absolutely hate flossing, and I
           | absolutely need to floss, so I bought Oral B Glide as an
           | effort to get myself to floss.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Yah that link is a lie, and I quote: "It's important to note
         | that our lab is not looking for PFAS compounds directly,
         | because it's simply impossible to look for all of them."
         | 
         | "levels of organic fluorine, a marker for PFAS" - yah, that's
         | basically an outright lie. Flourine is also a marker for Teflon
         | (PTFE) which is 100% not a problem.
         | 
         | This is junk science taken to it's ultimate level.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | I've switched to using Radius silk floss - it's better in
         | almost every way compared to the various brands we've tried.
         | Only annoying thing is the packaging but it's plastic free
         | also.
        
           | rcme wrote:
           | Yea silk floss is really nice. Food caught between your teeth
           | sticks better to the silk than to glide, and getting the silk
           | between your teeth requires slightly more pressure, which
           | feels nice to me.
        
         | ChancyChance wrote:
         | Dr Tung FTW!
         | 
         | https://drtungs.com/products/92-smart-floss.html
        
           | tome wrote:
           | What do you mean? Dr Tung's is listed under '"Not Our
           | Favorite" Tooth Floss Brands' and considered to contain PFAS
           | (although there appears to be some dispute in the comments).
        
             | ChancyChance wrote:
             | wait what? what article are you reading? DR Tungs site says
             | "All our floss is free of PTFE and PFAS (polyfluoroalkyl
             | substances)."
        
               | eikaramba wrote:
               | the actual source
               | https://www.mamavation.com/beauty/toxic-pfas-dental-
               | floss-to...
        
               | ChancyChance wrote:
               | What on earth are you smoking, that is NOT the actual
               | link. That is some woo-woo garbage page. Please check
               | this thread again.
               | 
               | The actual FA:
               | 
               | https://www.ehn.org/pfas-floss-2658203711.html
               | 
               | And the OP:
               | 
               | https://cen.acs.org/environment/persistent-
               | pollutants/Fast-f...
        
               | EntropicBrew wrote:
               | If you look at the actual FA, it cites the article from
               | mamavation. That is literally the first link, in the FA.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | hanniabu wrote:
         | PFAS in many things you use every day:
         | 
         | https://www.mamavation.com/product-investigations
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | If you believe the leading manufacturer in the US, they phased
       | out PFAS in compostable bowls in 2021:
       | 
       | https://www.worldcentric.com/leafplus/
       | 
       | I assume the new coating is some kind of polymerized plant
       | material.
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | >I assume the new coating is some kind of polymerized plant
         | material.
         | 
         | That's a bold assumption.
        
       | noreiley wrote:
       | > Packaging manufacturers typically don't reveal what's in their
       | products
       | 
       | It seems crazy to me that they don't have to disclose this.
       | 
       | If it's in contact with the food, it will leak into the food and
       | then in our system. We have food ingredients listed on stickers,
       | why not packaging materials?
       | 
       | I can understand keeping secrets about the manufacturing process
       | in the name of competitive capitalism, but at the end of the day
       | the material ends up in our hands (and mouth), so we can always
       | send it to a lab and get its composition.
       | 
       | We could skip this whole "let's do studies to analyze what we
       | were eating daily for all this time" if the industry had to give
       | us the list. If they don't know either, have them do the studies
       | before releasing the product.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | It's kind of ridiculous that non-disclosure allows 'trade
         | secret' protection of ingredients when, as you say, a lab can
         | tell us the actual ingredients and relative quantities.
         | 
         | We should require disclosure for trade secret protection of
         | chemically-based products. At least to the EPA or FDA. They can
         | still keep the actual recipe and blending instructions secret.
        
       | jacobsimon wrote:
       | Dumb question but...why do humans keep using toxic chemicals for
       | cooking and storing food? Surely we can find something edible.
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | Florine is extremely reactive but that means whatever it reacts
         | with should stay put. So in theory it should never degrade,
         | breakdown, or leach out.
        
         | olao99 wrote:
         | Because they're legal. We would still use asbestos and lead if
         | it were not because of the legality question
        
           | hanniabu wrote:
           | If asbestos was introduced today I'm doubtful it'd be
           | outlawed
        
         | Ekaros wrote:
         | Because coming up with something light that can resist
         | heat(food tends to be hot), moist or straight up water and fats
         | and oils is hard. Plate or heavy container isn't that hard. But
         | something that can be transported or even used to store stuff
         | fore even couple days or weeks is quite hard task.
        
           | zamfi wrote:
           | It's not hard, it's just inconvenient and more time-
           | intensive.
           | 
           | For example, tiffin carriers, or dabbas, have existed for a
           | very long time, but require frequent cleaning, and take up
           | more space.
           | 
           | When we decided that disposable packaging was an acceptable
           | level of waste to incur, we set ourselves on a path to its
           | ubiquity.
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | Profit.
        
         | ChancyChance wrote:
         | One reason I've heard over and over to support teflon cookware:
         | 
         | "I don't want to use oil when frying eggs."
         | 
         | I know all the arguments that follow, I'm just sayin'.
        
           | amanaplanacanal wrote:
           | In my mind frying implies fat of some kind. If they don't
           | want the fat there are plenty of other ways to cook eggs.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | It's cheap and convenient, the negative effects are seen
         | decades later when the execs already cashed out
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | They're chosen because they have other practical qualities that
         | were desirable. Often we don't fully realize the drawbacks of
         | materials we use with our food until many years after they are
         | widespread.
        
         | jiggywiggy wrote:
         | Fresh food logistics are horrible. Did fresh food online for a
         | few years. Makes things almost impossible.
         | 
         | The smart companies try to extent the shelf life as long as
         | possible. And make storage easy.
         | 
         | Plastic and chemicals are great for those.
         | 
         | Put some chemicals in that make your company profitable while
         | the gov deems it safe? A no brainer.
         | 
         | Only non chemical alternative is the freezer.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | > Only non chemical alternative is the freezer.
           | 
           | Waxes are pretty natural chemicals, even when they're refined
           | from oil. We used to use them all the time for fresh food
           | storage. I assume they're more expensive than fluorinated
           | packaging though.
        
           | tectonic wrote:
           | Yup: https://www.consumerreports.org/health/food-
           | contaminants/dan...
        
       | blondie9x wrote:
       | Pick your poison. Micro-plastics or PFAS. All consumption has a
       | trade off. Some are worse than others. Micro-plastics are causing
       | major endocrine system disruption in youth. Testosterone levels
       | and estrogen levels are getting all our of whack and causing
       | gender related diversification issues that will grow
       | exponentially over time with micro-plastic consumption levels
       | increasing.
       | 
       | I would pick PFAS.
        
         | verall wrote:
         | Can you expand on "gender related diversification issues"? I'm
         | not really sure what you mean.
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | Thanks god some people high up are not as defeatists and still
         | fight for regulations
        
         | goodpoint wrote:
         | How about neither?!
        
       | modzu wrote:
       | if canada banned single use plastic, why doesn't that include
       | fluoropolymers?
       | 
       | does the legislation have a formal definition for "plastic"?
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | I believe that was only (certain uses of) polyethylene and
         | polypropylene, which are probably the most harmless of
         | plastics.
        
       | uejfiweun wrote:
       | Looking at a lot of what you folks posted, it seems like PFAS are
       | in just about everything, and there's no realistic way to avoid
       | them without an absurd amount of effort. And they are unlikely to
       | be regulated soon.
       | 
       | So realistically, what's going to happen to people? We're all
       | inevitably going to accumulate a bunch of PFAS, so what exactly
       | can I expect for the future of my health?
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | Perhaps Darwin will kick in.
        
       | janosdebugs wrote:
       | So, when you order from the average restaurant, you get a meal
       | made of pre-portioned frozen ingredients containing sometimes
       | questionable substances and you also get poisoned by the
       | packaging. And the restaurant industry is complaining. Makes
       | sense. (If you are a German-speaker, ZDFbesseresser is a
       | worthwhile channel to watch. We basically all but stopped going
       | to or ordering from restaurants.)
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | > _And the restaurant industry is complaining._
         | 
         | Huh? This article is about academics doing research.
        
         | beebeepka wrote:
         | We're not big on ordering food, or take out in general, but
         | I've been thinking about just providing our own metal/glass
         | containers instead of wasting aluminium and paper. My wife is
         | against it. I think she finds this idea embarrassing but I
         | don't care.
        
           | dwater wrote:
           | Plastic use in commercial kitchens is pretty high too. Taking
           | boiling hot food and putting plastic wrap over it or putting
           | it in a plastic container is pretty common. With sous vide
           | the food is cooked inside a brand new plastic bag. The only
           | way to avoid it is to be fanatical.
        
             | beebeepka wrote:
             | Only speculating but something tells me mineral water is
             | often bottled while it's at still hot.
             | 
             | I didn't know what sous vide is. According to the wiki
             | article, containers are either plastic or glass. It boggles
             | the mind. Why would anyone cook in a plastic container
        
               | arthur2e5 wrote:
               | Sous vide is long waterbath at around 55 C or lower. Not
               | a typical plastic safety issue temperature.
               | 
               | Cooking in plastic (or any "original package") has a food
               | safety point in restaurants. Keeping it sealed until the
               | outside is sterilized reduces possible contamination.
               | Immersion also makes for easier and faster heating.
        
               | simmerup wrote:
               | I imagine because it's easier. The plastic doesn't soak
               | up as much of the heat and is easier to shift around and
               | takes up less space
        
       | tectonic wrote:
       | Just. Stop. Putting. Teflon. On. Everything.
       | 
       | Figuring out what does and does not have PFAS on it to protect my
       | family is exhausting and infuriating. I've emailed with
       | manufacturers, sent stuff to labs; basically, no one seems to
       | know how much materials like this are used on every day products.
        
         | andreygrehov wrote:
         | Mailing manufacturers is a drop in the ocean. The only way to
         | shut it all down is to implement a comprehensive ban on PFAS in
         | all food-related products. In order to achieve this, several
         | regulatory and legislative actions would likely need to take
         | place.
        
         | joseph_grobbles wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | jiggywiggy wrote:
         | It's not just teflon. It's most likely also going to be it's
         | successors.
         | 
         | Its going to deemed safe for a while till it's not.
         | 
         | Most properties desired while at the same time being cheap and
         | durable will leak and will not play nice and with our cells or
         | hormone system.
         | 
         | Especially because the goal of most of these chemical is to be
         | cheaper the cheap. (Otherwise we would just use glass)
        
           | akiselev wrote:
           | Honestly I have no idea why people think we're going to find
           | a safe and equally effective alternative. Most of the PFAS in
           | use are powerful surfactants that change the surface tension
           | of water, break up the lipids in cell membranes, and
           | otherwise interfere with almost all the chemical processes
           | that make life _life_. Everything from cell walls to
           | capillary action are directly effected by these molecules.
           | The same features that cause them to bioaccumulate so well
           | give them their incredible industrial properties.
        
           | tectonic wrote:
           | Yes agreed. Teflon is shorthand for all of the fluorinated
           | hydrocarbons in my mind. I know they're not identical but
           | they're close enough and most if not all will end up being
           | found to be toxic.
           | 
           | The problem is a lack of a precautionary principle--
           | manufacturers can change one molecule and re-market their
           | product and groups like the EPA have to do extensive research
           | on each new variant to show danger. Molecules are assumed
           | safe and marketable until shown otherwise by underfunded
           | agencies. It's insane.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | >The problem is a lack of a precautionary principle--
             | manufacturers can change one molecule and re-market their
             | product and groups like the EPA have to do extensive
             | research on each new variant to show danger. Molecules are
             | assumed safe and marketable until shown otherwise by
             | underfunded agencies. It's insane.
             | 
             | I'm skeptical that would have made a difference. According
             | to wikipedia teflon pans were introduced in the 1950s, and
             | it was only until the last decade or so that the real
             | dangers (ie. not just the fumes from it overheating) were
             | known.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | They are not close enough! You are destroying your
             | messaging and activism by combining them in this way.
             | 
             | Tell a manufacturer "stop adding Teflon it's not safe" and
             | they will laugh at you. Tell them "stop adding PFAS it's
             | not safe" and they might actually listen.
             | 
             | > Teflon is shorthand for all of the fluorinated
             | hydrocarbons in my mind.
             | 
             | That's a VERY un-smart thing to do!
             | 
             | Saying they are the same because of the molecule is like
             | complaining salt is unsafe before it has chlorine in it.
        
           | ralusek wrote:
           | This is what I said to my wife. She got some new pans that
           | called themselves green and healthy because they weren't
           | teflon. They made our food taste like plastic chemicals. I
           | said to her that the way this works is that teflon was proven
           | to be bad, so they just move onto some other compound that
           | hasn't yet proven to be bad. At a certain point I'd rather
           | say better the devil we know, or stainless steel and cast
           | iron.
        
             | bboygravity wrote:
             | I switched to stainless steel pans and literally have no
             | idea why I ever used "anti stick" (that always ends up
             | sticking after a few uses).
             | 
             | The dishwasher has no problem cleaning my pans, no matter
             | how sticky stuff gets.
        
           | linhns wrote:
           | I have been saying this for far too long. Surprisingly, after
           | many legal battles the big chems like DuPont still grows
           | every year. Guess that most people pay no attention to these
           | subtle killers.
        
           | ticviking wrote:
           | Simple clay and glass would work better but cost more and
           | require more careful handling. Both of those prevent cost
           | optimizers from considering them
        
             | jiggywiggy wrote:
             | Yeah and most ceramic solutions you have to be careful with
             | the paint they use. There have been cases of issues in slow
             | cookers.
             | 
             | Glass is safest and extremely long lasting but indeed more
             | difficult to work with.
        
         | ars wrote:
         | Teflon. Is. Not. PFAS.
         | 
         | Stop lumping them into the same category, they are NOT the
         | same.
         | 
         | Teflon is completely safe, PFAS is completely unsafe. It
         | doesn't get more different than that!
        
         | dangwhy wrote:
         | can someone recommend a pan to make eggs in the morning without
         | sticking or having to put tons of grease.
        
           | lm28469 wrote:
           | A well used cast iron pan with the proper technique will be
           | just as non stick as teflon, and much more versatile.
           | 
           | If you version of cooking is "put anything in the pan at
           | whatever temperature and expect it to not stick" then stay
           | with teflon because nothing will save you
        
           | samcheng wrote:
           | Cast iron works great for me. Another popular option is
           | carbon steel. Both options require a bit of a learning curve
           | as far as care/cleaning goes, but once you have a well-
           | seasoned pan, eggs are easy.
           | 
           | You have the added bonus of being able to put them into the
           | oven, and you can get a much better sear than on teflon.
        
           | throw_away1525 wrote:
           | Poach them or boil them if you don't want to add fat to fry
           | them in. But are you sure that frying them in butter or lard
           | is actually bad for you?
        
           | numpad0 wrote:
           | Just put tons of grease, cut excess elsewhere.
        
           | ok123456 wrote:
           | I use a stainless steel baking pan, line the insides with a
           | foil square, and spray it with a little PAM. Put it in an air
           | fryer for 10 minutes at 178C flip it and do the other side
           | for 2 minutes at 160C.
        
           | tadfisher wrote:
           | We use one cast iron pan and just leave it on the stove. It's
           | basically self-cleaning if you use cooking oil, just a wipe
           | with a paper towel will get the burnt bits out from the
           | previous meal.
        
           | xboxnolifes wrote:
           | Ceramic pans.
        
           | liveoneggs wrote:
           | I recently switched to this guy:
           | https://www.amazon.com/dp/B000K9FKC4 and, after seasoning, I
           | can still cook my eggs in a normal-amount of butter. It's not
           | quite as easy as non-stick but getting better with use.
           | 
           | Last year I tried switching to stainless but it was just too
           | much trouble for my daily egg cooking. I just never figured
           | it out.
           | 
           | I use cast iron for many/most dinners but I wanted the sloped
           | sides and reduced weight for flipping eggs.
           | 
           | I still use the non-stick occasionally for things like crepes
           | but moving from daily use to weekly or less seems like a win.
        
           | jointpdf wrote:
           | Carbon steel is much better than cast iron! It takes some
           | time to build up a nonstick coating (seasoning), but once you
           | do fried eggs will glide around like they're on ice.
           | 
           | I have a Mauviel that I love, but the Matfer Bourgeat is
           | better for eggs because it doesn't have the steel rivets on
           | the inside of the pan. Both are made in France and cost like
           | $70.
           | 
           | This is a solid explainer on carbon steel pans:
           | https://youtu.be/-suTmUX4Vbk
        
           | throwawaymaths wrote:
           | You don't need tons of grease, you just need the correct
           | technique.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | To make fried eggs in a non-nonstick pan? Of course you do.
             | You need enough so it doesn't stick. There no technique
             | that can rescue egg stuck to a pan.
             | 
             | The thing is, any _more_ oil than that just stays in the
             | pan. Fried eggs don 't _absorb_ oil.
             | 
             | So put _plenty_ of oil in the pan, because it won 't wind
             | up on your plate. There's zero reason to skimp, otherwise
             | you'll just get eggs that stick.
        
           | sosborn wrote:
           | cast iron
        
           | fhackenberger wrote:
           | You can create a perfect non-sticky surface on cast iron pans
           | like this:
           | 
           | - clean well with strong soap and a metal sponge until it's
           | one smooth silver surface
           | 
           | - put a few drops of flax oil on a paper and rub the pan with
           | it (also inner sides)
           | 
           | - take off all excessive oil with a dry kitchen paper
           | 
           | - remove any non-metal handles from the pan
           | 
           | - open your windows
           | 
           | - heat your oven to the max and put the pan in for about 20
           | minutes
           | 
           | - repeat about 5 times
           | 
           | After using the pan, wipe with a kitchen paper. Maybe a
           | little bit of warm water, better not. Never any soap.
        
             | coryrc wrote:
             | Flax oil had been debunked over and over again. Just use
             | canola.
        
           | rpvnwnkl wrote:
           | Cast iron you can scramble and end up with a clean pan
           | afterwards. Just have to let it heat up all the way first.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | If you don't want a non-stick pan?
           | 
           | Just use a stainless steel pan and a pat of butter.
           | 
           | There's no option to not use fat/oil if you don't want non-
           | stick.
           | 
           | Cast-iron is not a great choice for eggs because it holds too
           | much heat, so if your temperature goes too high up you can't
           | bring it back down quick enough and your eggs will
           | crisp/burn. And both cast-iron and carbon steel are a pain to
           | maintain (keep seasoned and avoid rust). (Cast iron is ideal
           | for other uses though, particularly searing meat, where
           | holding heat is the main feature.)
           | 
           | Also, the idea that a cast-iron (or carbon steel) patina is
           | somehow non-stick is a myth that keeps getting repeated. It's
           | better than the raw metal (and therefore quite necessary for
           | those materials) but it's _nothing_ like an actual non-stick
           | pan. Nowhere even close. And you _still_ always need a normal
           | amount of oil for cooking in them, in fact just for
           | maintaining the patina.
        
             | floren wrote:
             | The other day I tried making scrambled eggs in my cast iron
             | pan for the first time in years. Turns out that years of
             | use had finally got it to the point where the eggs actually
             | cooked beautifully without sticking at all! I used butter,
             | of course, but I'd have used the same amount of butter in
             | any pan.
        
         | samwillis wrote:
         | > I've ... sent stuff to labs;
         | 
         | I really want more details here! Sounds super interesting.
        
         | geepytee wrote:
         | What do you use to store food? I obviously need to go find some
         | alternatives now.
        
           | tectonic wrote:
           | Glass, metal, ceramic, old fashioned plastic. The problem is
           | generally packaging materials not things like Tupperware or
           | glassware.
        
             | tectonic wrote:
             | See this site: https://www.foodpackagingforum.org/fccmigex
        
             | pera wrote:
             | Yeah that's what I use as well, but I only use plastic for
             | storing cold things like salad.
        
           | ChancyChance wrote:
           | Not OP, but: glass with metal lids and silicon seals, or
           | glass... with hard plastic lids. :|
           | 
           | I also keep my rices and legumes in bamboo boxes.
        
             | germinalphrase wrote:
             | " metal lids and silicon seals"
             | 
             | Are you in the US? I don't think I've seen these around.
        
           | ajmurmann wrote:
           | I frequently order too much in restaurants on purpose to have
           | leftovers. I'm gonna start bringing reusable glass
           | containers.
        
           | waboremo wrote:
           | Glass containers are fantastic and usually cheap enough.
           | Whether it's spice jars or leftover food containers, it all
           | works great. Make sure the lids are also either glass, wood,
           | or stainless steel.
           | 
           | The one "downside" is you do need adequate cushion if you're
           | taking it on the go say for lunch or to a dinner gathering,
           | but even a towel wrapped around suffice.
           | 
           | If you want recommendations, the Ikea 365+ glass containers
           | are fantastic and very cheap. Again avoiding the "plastic
           | lid" variant they have for extra measure.
        
             | ClumsyPilot wrote:
             | > Make sure the lids are also either glass, wood, or
             | stainless steel
             | 
             | Plastic lid is normally fine, plastics leech at high
             | temperatures, you arent normally heating food with the lid
             | on. .Even eith a fully steel container you need a bit of
             | soft material lile silicone to ensure waterproof seal
        
               | waboremo wrote:
               | Good point. I also generally dislike plastic lids because
               | the "snap lock" mechanic always tend to go wonky. The
               | bamboo lids with silicone edges tend to be the least
               | hassle.
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | > If you want recommendations, the Ikea 365+ glass
             | containers are fantastic and very cheap.
             | 
             | I beg to differ. The IKEA 365+ non-glass containers are
             | fantastic. The glass ones don't stack properly and tend to
             | have little glass shards break off when unstacking them. I
             | can imagine a v2 being better.
        
               | waboremo wrote:
               | I don't think the glass containers stack well if you
               | stack them separately from their lids, but I have the
               | bamboo and glass ones and they stack flawlessly closed. I
               | have high shelf space though so I know that's not an
               | option for everyone.
        
             | floren wrote:
             | I got glass containers with plastic lids because I figure
             | the lid rarely contacts the food, and I always take it off
             | to microwave... although now that I'm thinking about it, I
             | usually put that plastic splatter guard thing _over_ the
             | container in the microwave which probably isn 't much
             | better.
        
               | iam-TJ wrote:
               | I usually put a saucer or plate over the top!
        
               | vharuck wrote:
               | I put a paper towel on food in the microwave to stop
               | splatter. As a bonus, I've found a moist paper towel
               | helps when microwaving leftovers that got dehydrated in
               | the fridge.
        
               | waboremo wrote:
               | Used to do the same. Thankfully there are glass splatter
               | guards out there, some of them with plastic handles on
               | the outside. More expensive than you would hope though, I
               | suppose because it's such a niche use, but it's not as if
               | you're going to be buying many glass microwave covers in
               | one's lifetime!
        
           | connicpu wrote:
           | I have a set of glass containers with tight sealing lids. A
           | little heaver and doesn't pack together as small as plastic
           | does when not in use, but it's a lot easier to clean
        
       | agtech_andy wrote:
       | The reality is that US regulatory agencies have been extremely
       | permissive for many years. Many other nations piggy back on their
       | findings. We need a massive increase in enforcement.
       | 
       | What we will see with cheaper and more available testing is that
       | PFAS are everywhere. It is hard to find waterways or soils, even
       | in remote areas, that are not contaminated. It is really tragic
       | and the extent of the pollution can make you crazy.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jorvi wrote:
         | > Many other nations piggy back on their findings.
         | 
         | This is not true at all. The European Union has been the
         | principal regulatory body for the world for a few decades now,
         | with other countries reactively shaping their policies in the
         | wake of EU regulations.
        
         | jiggywiggy wrote:
         | It will cause things to move much slower. But I'm thinking we
         | are at the point where we need to move to burden of proof to
         | being safe instead of it being unsafe.
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | That's the root problem. It's "release first" maybe ask
           | questions later. Imagine if food or drug - which also end up
           | in your body - were done the same way.
           | 
           | But even if individual chemicals are proven to be safe,
           | there's the issue of combining with other chemicals in the
           | wild.
           | 
           | In the case of these containers...I grew up when the local
           | takeout (e.g., Chinese) used paper containers. We survived.
           | These newer "high tech" solutions are silly.
        
           | gtop3 wrote:
           | I don't think proof is the right word. It's impossible to
           | prove something is safe.
        
             | tfourb wrote:
             | Of course you can proof the safety of a chemical compound
             | for human consumption (at least to the best of current
             | technical abilities and within an acceptable margin of
             | error). This is done for i.e. drugs thousands of times each
             | year. Yes it costs money and time, but that is about the
             | only serious objection. You could also go to a risk based
             | model, where the burden of proof for groups of chemical
             | compounds shifts based on experience with similar
             | compounds, potential environmental impact, local and global
             | measurements, etc.
        
               | gtop3 wrote:
               | The FDA approves medical treatments, many of which are
               | chemicals. They approve treatments based largely on how
               | effective it is as treatment. It's safety profile is
               | studied and considered in a broader context. Many drugs
               | approved by the FDA are incredibly blatantly unsafe. The
               | FDA spends non-trival amounts of effort communicating
               | risks associated with chemicals to doctors and patients.
               | 
               | Outside of this example, proving a negative on this scale
               | is a 1000x larger problem than proving there are no
               | leprechauns. No one has proven there are no leprechauns.
               | It is logically possible to prove a negative, but we
               | simply cannot observe all of the places a leprechaun
               | might be hiding at the same time. The best thing we can
               | do is list off all the places we know there are no
               | leprechauns. This is very different than "proof".
        
               | chmod600 wrote:
               | Scientists show the safety by searching diligently for
               | unsafety and not finding it.
               | 
               | That's not proof. A ten year drug trial may fail to show
               | problems that take 20 years to surface, but that doesn't
               | mean the drug is safe.
               | 
               | I suspect a lot of these chemicals fall into that hard-
               | to-find-problems category. Only when they are an
               | overwhelming part of our environment for decades or even
               | generations will we start to understand the effects.
               | 
               | So this is not just a matter of money. It's a hard
               | problem.
        
       | steponlego wrote:
       | We'll yeah they have to spray cancer poison on the stuff so it's
       | water and grease resistant. Wax is way too expensive, especially
       | beeswax which wouldn't have this issue.
       | 
       | You ever wonder what the ingredients are in a paper straw? Don't
       | look it up. You won't like it.
        
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