[HN Gopher] Mach 3.5 Over Libya in an SR-71 Blackbird
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Mach 3.5 Over Libya in an SR-71 Blackbird
        
       Author : ilamont
       Score  : 178 points
       Date   : 2023-03-30 11:48 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thesr71blackbird.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thesr71blackbird.com)
        
       | noefingway wrote:
       | Every time the SR-71 pops up, it's brings back a memory of seeing
       | it do a flyby at Dulles Airport. IIRC it was supposed to be the
       | last flight as the program was ending. This is probably 1989. I
       | didn't know about it until the day of the event so I didn't have
       | my camera with me.
       | 
       | I think my entire engineering department and a bunch from the
       | production floor (about 15-20 of us) went over to the airport to
       | see the bird. Back then you could drive up to and park at the
       | upper departure level. So there we are, waiting... Someone
       | brought a portable scanner along and was listening to air traffic
       | control, so we knew when it would pass over.
       | 
       | First thing we heard was the sonic boom as it passed over (I
       | believe this flight set the west coast to east coast speed
       | record.) After some interval of minutes we heard which direction
       | it would be coming from. All other landing and take off traffic
       | was suspended while the bird circled the airport. Then turned a
       | made a low level (like about the height of the tower) really
       | slow. We got a really good look at it. He hit the afterburners,
       | and took off. I've never seen anything move that fast. It
       | practically disappeared, like something out of a movie jumping
       | into hyperspace. Absolutely incredible, no matter how much I read
       | about the SR-71 and the program, I'm just in awe of the designers
       | and engineers that made it happen.
        
       | vlovich123 wrote:
       | The dates in the story are confusing me.
       | 
       | > My first encounter with the SR-71 came when I was 10 years old
       | in the form of molded black plastic in a Revell kit.
       | 
       | > Twenty-nine years later, I stood awe-struck in a Beale Air
       | Force Base hangar, staring at the very real SR-71 before me.
       | 
       | > In 1962, the first Blackbird successfully flew, and in 1966,
       | the same year I graduated from high school, the Air Force began
       | flying operational SR-71 missions.
       | 
       | > I came to the program in 1983
       | 
       | So the author was born in 1944 if they were 39 (29+ 10) in 1983.
       | 
       | 1966 then puts them graduating at 22 (was high school longer back
       | then? I wouldn't have thought so and he's supposed to have a
       | stellar record and 22 feels a little old for joining the
       | military) and playing with the SR-71 model in 1952 before it was
       | even conceived in 1960.
       | 
       | What am I missing?
        
         | cfeduke wrote:
         | My thinking is high school graduation could be as early as 16
         | but more likely 17 or 18, so 1966 - 18 = 1948 (or 49 or 50).
         | 1983 would be 35, though by the author's own math he'd be 39. I
         | think its probably safe to discount "10 years old" memory for
         | the Revell kit; I can't seem to find when the kit began
         | production (because the Internet is about buying things) - but
         | in order for high school graduation to be at age 18 then the
         | kit would have to be produced and sold in 1958 which seems
         | unlikely (or 1960 if graduating at age 16).
        
           | vlovich123 wrote:
           | I'm not familiar with this space. Is a Revell kit for a top
           | secret plane that hadn't even been designed something that
           | happened/happens commonly?
           | 
           | The author says the motivating incident was the U2 shoot down
           | in 1960 which was the motivating incident for the engineer to
           | start designing it. How would the author be playing with it
           | then?
           | 
           | Misdirect about the kid part to enhance the story? Maybe they
           | had the kit later in life and retrofitted it into a "destiny"
           | theme?
        
         | ben7799 wrote:
         | A bunch of this doesn't make much sense to me either, the SR-71
         | was revealed to the public in 1966. That would make him born in
         | 1956. He would be 30 in 1986, which makes sense, but the the 29
         | years later part doesn't sound right.
         | 
         | I built an SR-71 kit as a kid. But I was born in 1977. I wish I
         | still had it. I put a ton of work into it.
         | 
         | The model manufacturers did scoop the reveals at some points,
         | but they were never that accurate. I had an "F-19 Stealth
         | Fighter" kit I built as well. It had significant differences
         | from the F-117 when that became public.
        
         | hcrisp wrote:
         | I built an SR-71 model rocket. It was Estes, not Revell, and
         | looked like this [0]. It was very difficult to build compared
         | to other models, because it had three cylinders with webbing
         | for the fuselage and engines. I remember being disappointed
         | that the two outer cylinders were not designed to take
         | individual model rocket engines. There was only one in the
         | center. I guess it would have been too hard to ignite them
         | synchronously.
         | 
         | When I launched it (vertically of course), the plane seemed to
         | hover forever on the launchpad before finally overcoming
         | gravity and taking off. It did not achieve Mach 3.5 or anything
         | significant for a rocket of its size. When it reached the
         | ejection stage, it popped off the front cabin "nosecone",
         | looking very ungainly as it fluttered to the ground on a
         | parachute.
         | 
         | I still have that model somewhere downstairs.
         | 
         | [0] https://www.rocketreviews.com/estes-industries-
         | sr-71-blackbi...
        
           | kube-system wrote:
           | Thanks for posting this. I built that same kit back when it
           | was new, but at the time it was just some estes rocket to me
           | -- I just now realized it was an SR-71.
        
       | Synaesthesia wrote:
       | I guess it was pretty incredible watching a missile fly down an
       | air vent, pretty unbelievable, but couldn't we feasibly use that
       | same technology to shoot food to hungry people? You know what I
       | mean? Fly over the Ethiopia: "There's a guy that needs a banana!"
       | 
       | Stealth banana. Smart fruit!
        
         | knodi123 wrote:
         | This is a quote from a Bill Hicks standup routine.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/1o_8b31GRnU?t=49
        
       | ilamont wrote:
       | _Ironically, the plane was dripping, much like the misshapen
       | model had assembled in my youth. Fuel was seeping through the
       | joints, raining down on the hangar floor. At Mach 3, the plane
       | would expand several inches because of the severe temperature,
       | which could heat the leading edge of the wing to 1,100 degrees.
       | To prevent cracking, expansion joints had been built into the
       | plane. Sealant resembling rubber glue covered the seams, but when
       | the plane was subsonic, fuel would leak through the joints._
       | 
       | Wouldn't this be a major hazard on the ground?
        
         | saganus wrote:
         | In the "Skunk Works" book they explain that you could throw a
         | lit cigarette directly into a puddle of fuel and it would not
         | ignite, due to the very high temps needed.
        
           | 93po wrote:
           | Cigarettes also won't ignite regular car gas
        
             | pc86 wrote:
             | Yes but for a different reason - car gas because it's the
             | vapors which ignite, so if you toss a cigarette on a
             | _fresh_ puddle of car gas you 're going to have a very bad
             | day. For planes it's due to the much higher temperatures
             | required, the worst thing you'll do tossing a cigarette
             | into a fresh puddle of jet fuel is burn your finger.
        
             | knodi123 wrote:
             | Totally counterintuitive, but yup. There ya go.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/XBfg1rwZKHk
        
         | brianwawok wrote:
         | You do what you gotta do. Spending millions per flight, you can
         | have some guys in a golf cart with kitty litter follow the
         | plane around the hanger.
        
         | meepmorp wrote:
         | Not as much as you'd think - by design, JP7 has a low vapor
         | pressure and doesn't ignite easily. To start the engines in the
         | SR71, they used the very pyrophoric triethylborane
         | (spontaneously combusts at -20C).
        
           | sbradford26 wrote:
           | Fun fact the SR71 was capable of in air refueling but it
           | still required pyrophoric triethylborane to start
           | afterburners which couldn't be resupplied in air. So total
           | mission time was limited by that and not fuel.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | Yes. But also the fuel used was also very difficult to light
         | (consequence of it's design requirements), so at least as a
         | fire hazard, it was probably relatively well controlled.
         | 
         | Uh health risks... _shrug_. The pilot is wearing most of a
         | space suit. Who knows whats up with the ground crew though.
        
       | anonymousiam wrote:
       | Some interesting trivia:
       | 
       | The SR-71 began as the YF-12, and was originally supposed to be
       | RS-71 (Reconnaissance/Surveillance), but somebody thought SR
       | sounded better.
       | 
       | The YF prefix on the original aircraft is often referred to as
       | "Yankee Fire", a caveat that is still in use.
        
         | swasheck wrote:
         | legend is that president johnson got it confused in a press
         | conference and called it the sr-71 so instead of correcting him
         | they just changed the name.
         | 
         | "skunk works" is a great read. i'm almost done with "area 51"
         | by annie jacobsen and it's quite the interesting read as well,
         | though it does get dry at times.
         | https://openlibrary.org/works/OL15839422W/Area_51
        
           | chipsa wrote:
           | The correct part of the legend is that the speech he was
           | reading off of said SR-71, because someone thought it sounded
           | better, and getting it spoken by the President was easier
           | than doing it the "Right" way.
        
         | laverya wrote:
         | Pretty sure that the CIA's A-12s came before the YF-12
         | interceptor prototype.
        
       | scrlk wrote:
       | It's a shame that the book that this story came from - Sled
       | Driver by Brian Shul - is out of print.
       | 
       | The SR-71 speed check story is another good read:
       | https://www.thesr71blackbird.com/Aircraft/Stories/sr-71-blac...
        
         | sampo wrote:
         | You can get a digital copy of the book easily
         | 
         | https://www.google.com/search?q=Sled+Driver+pdf
        
           | kayodelycaon wrote:
           | Just a note, the Kindle version isn't available for sale,
           | despite being listed on Google search.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | > is out of print
         | 
         | I bought a copy sometime in the 90s, found in the remaindered
         | section of a bookstore, cheap.
         | 
         | Fast forward a decade or so, a couple of house moves, and I
         | can't find the book. So I order a copy from Amazon, still
         | available new at that time.
         | 
         | Another decade or so later, I find my first copy. Then I
         | discover they're worth like $300+ each!
        
         | stef25 wrote:
         | Heh there's a speed check story in this article too with
         | different numbers: For the F-18 Dusty 52 it's 525 vs 620 knots
         | and for the blackbird it's 1742 vs 1842.
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | Still worth it to get Skunk Works by Ben Rich. One of the best
         | books I've ever read.
        
           | wslh wrote:
           | Thanks, learning... https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skunk_Works
        
           | geocrasher wrote:
           | Yep, a fantastic read.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ubermonkey wrote:
         | I have read that story SO MANY TIMES, but I nearly always click
         | and read again when it comes up.
        
           | scrlk wrote:
           | Once you've finished re-reading, here's the reverse version:
           | 
           | > There were a lot of things we couldn't do in a Cessna 172,
           | but we were some of the slowest guys on the block and loved
           | reminding our fellow aviators of this fact. People often
           | asked us if, because of this fact, it was fun to fly the 172.
           | Fun would not be the first word I would use to describe
           | flying this plane. Mundane, maybe. Even boring at times. But
           | there was one day in our Cessna experience when we would have
           | to say that it was pure fun to be some of the slowest guys
           | out there, at least for a moment.
           | 
           | > It occurred when my CFI and I were flying a training
           | flight. We needed 40 hours in the plane to complete my
           | training and attain PPL status. Somewhere over Colorado we
           | had passed the 40 hour mark. We had made the turn back
           | towards our home airport in a radius of a mile or two and the
           | plane was performing flawlessly. My gauges were wired in the
           | left seat and we were starting to feel pretty good about
           | ourselves, not only because I would soon be flying as a true
           | pilot, but because we had gained a great deal of confidence
           | in the plane in the past ten months. Bumbling across the
           | mountains 3,500 feet below us, I could only see about 8 miles
           | across the ground. I was, finally, after many humbling months
           | of training and study, ahead of the plane.
           | 
           | > I was beginning to feel a bit sorry for my CFI in the right
           | seat. There he was, with nothing to do except watch me and
           | monitor two different radios. This wasn't really good
           | practice for him at all. He'd been doing it for years. It had
           | been difficult for me to relinquish control of the radios, as
           | during my this part of my flying career, I could handle it on
           | my own. But it was part of the division of duties on this
           | flight and I had adjusted to it. I still insisted on talking
           | on the radio while we were on the ground, however. My CFI was
           | so good at many things, but he couldn't match my expertise at
           | sounding awkward on the radios, a skill that had been roughly
           | sharpened with years of listening to LiveATC.com where the
           | slightest radio miscue was a daily occurrence. He understood
           | that and allowed me that luxury.
           | 
           | > Just to get a sense of what my CFI had to contend with, I
           | pulled the radio toggle switches and monitored the
           | frequencies along with him. The predominant radio chatter was
           | from Denver Center, not far below us, controlling daily
           | traffic in our sector. While they had us on their scope (for
           | a good while, I might add), we were in uncontrolled airspace
           | and normally would not talk to them unless we needed to climb
           | into their airspace. We listened as the shaky voice of a lone
           | SR-71 pilot asked Center for a readout of his ground speed.
           | Center replied: "Aspen 20, I show you at one thousand eight
           | hundred and forty-two knots, across the ground." Now the
           | thing to understand about Center controllers, was that
           | whether they were talking to a rookie pilot in a Cessna, or
           | to Air Force One, they always spoke in the exact same, calm,
           | deep, professional, tone that made one feel important. I
           | referred to it as the "Houston Center voice." I have always
           | felt that after years of seeing documentaries on this
           | country's space program and listening to the calm and
           | distinct voice of the Houston controllers, that all other
           | controllers since then wanted to sound like that, and that
           | they basically did. And it didn't matter what sector of the
           | country we would be flying in, it always seemed like the same
           | guy was talking. Over the years that tone of voice had become
           | somewhat of a comforting sound to pilots everywhere.
           | Conversely, over the years, pilots always wanted to ensure
           | that, when transmitting, they sounded like Chuck Yeager, or
           | at least like John Wayne. Better to die than sound bad on the
           | radios.
           | 
           | > Just moments after the SR-71's inquiry, an F-18 piped up on
           | frequency, in a rather superior tone, asking for his ground
           | speed. "Dusty 52, Center, we have you at 620 on the ground."
           | Boy, I thought, the F-18 really must think he is dazzling his
           | SR-71 brethren. Then out of the blue, a Twin Beech pilot out
           | of an airport outside of Denver came up on frequency. You
           | knew right away it was a Twin Beech driver because he sounded
           | very cool on the radios. "Center, Beechcraft 173-Delta-
           | Charlie ground speed check". Before Center could reply, I'm
           | thinking to myself, hey, that Beech probably has a ground
           | speed indicator in that multi-thousand-dollar cockpit, so why
           | is he asking Center for a readout? Then I got it, ol' Delta-
           | Charlie here is making sure that every military jock from
           | Mount Whitney to the Mojave knows what true speed is. He's
           | the slowest dude in the valley today, and he just wants
           | everyone to know how much fun he is having in his new bug-
           | smasher. And the reply, always with that same, calm, voice,
           | with more distinct alliteration than emotion: "173-Delta-
           | Charlie, Center, we have you at 90 knots on the ground." And
           | I thought to myself, is this a ripe situation, or what? As my
           | hand instinctively reached for the mic button, I had to
           | remind myself that my CFI was in control of the radios.
           | Still, I thought, it must be done - in mere hours we'll be
           | out of the sector and the opportunity will be lost. That
           | Beechcraft must die, and die now. I thought about all of my
           | training and how important it was that we developed well as a
           | crew and knew that to jump in on the radios now would destroy
           | the integrity of all that we had worked toward becoming. I
           | was torn.
           | 
           | > Somewhere, half a mile above Colorado, there was a pilot
           | screaming inside his head. Then, I heard it. The click of the
           | mic button from the right seat. That was the very moment that
           | I knew my CFI and I had become lifelong friends. Very
           | professionally, and with no emotion, my CFI spoke: "Denver
           | Center, Cessna 56-November-Sierra, can you give us a ground
           | speed check?" There was no hesitation, and the replay came as
           | if was an everyday request. "Cessna 56-November-Sierra, I
           | show you at 56 knots, across the ground."
           | 
           | > I think it was the six knots that I liked the best, so
           | accurate and proud was Center to deliver that information
           | without hesitation, and you just knew he was smiling. But the
           | precise point at which I knew that my CFI and I were going to
           | be really good friends for a long time was when he keyed the
           | mic once again to say, in his most CFI-like voice: "Ah,
           | Center, much thanks, we're showing closer to 52 on the
           | money."
           | 
           | > For a moment my CFI was a god. And we finally heard a
           | little crack in the armor of the Houston Center voice, when
           | Denver came back with, "Roger that November-Sierra, your E6B
           | is probably more accurate than our state-of-the-art radar.
           | You boys have a good one." It all had lasted for just
           | moments, but in that short, memorable stroll across the west,
           | the Navy had been owned, all mortal airplanes on freq were
           | forced to bow before the King of Slow, and more importantly,
           | my CFI and I had crossed the threshold of being BFFs. A fine
           | day's work. We never heard another transmission on that
           | frequency all the way to our home airport.
           | 
           | > For just one day, it truly was fun being the slowest guys
           | out there.
        
             | ckozlowski wrote:
             | On the Blackbird site, there's a really good factual story
             | delivered after someone asked about the _slowest_ they 'd
             | ever flown the plane. That tale is a good read:
             | 
             | https://www.thesr71blackbird.com/Aircraft/Stories/sr-71-bla
             | c...
        
             | ubermonkey wrote:
             | Why does this exist?
        
             | suzzer99 wrote:
             | Now do this story - but some person flying a Kitty Hawk
             | replica 30 feet off the ground chimes in after the Cessna
             | person.
        
               | frantathefranta wrote:
               | Next logical step would be the Antonov An-2 flying at
               | negative ground speed, backwards.
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | To be fair you can do that in a 172 as well (but it's
               | obviously not negative ground speed). My CFI took me up
               | on a particularly windy day so we could fly 3kts
               | backwards.
        
             | sneak wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29373436
        
         | jlack wrote:
         | He sells his books anytime he gives a talk. I got an
         | autographed copy ~5 years ago when he was a speaker at the
         | museum of flight in Seattle during the seafair airshow.
        
         | TimMeade wrote:
         | He tells it on stage.
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8AyHH9G9et0
        
         | smburdick wrote:
         | And it looks like they all cost hundreds:
         | https://www.abebooks.com/servlet/SearchResults?kn=Sled%20Dri...
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | I'm going to avoid linking to the reddit post, but if you
         | google around a bit, you can find a pdf that fell off the back
         | of a truck.
        
       | phkahler wrote:
       | Is Mach 3.5 the highest reported speed? Is it "official" in some
       | way?
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | I believe it's the upper limit to the SR-71's engine style
         | based on air intake.
         | 
         | If you watched Top Gun: Maverick since it came out they
         | (spoiler) had him flying a prototype plane called the Darkstar
         | to hit Mach 10 in order to maintain a military contract. During
         | the flight, he switches engines to SCRAM Jet once he reaches
         | Mach 3.5 because in order for those types of engines to have
         | enough air intake to function, you already have to be traveling
         | at that speed.
         | 
         | This was such an innovation that China redirected a satellite
         | to find the plane because they thought it was real.
         | 
         | If you've never read Skunk Works by Ben Rich, I highly
         | recommend it. Lots of SR-71 stories along with U-2, F-117 too.
        
           | andrewflnr wrote:
           | I doubt they were absolutely convinced it was real, but still
           | pretty hilarious.
           | https://www.businessinsider.com/bruckheimer-china-moved-
           | sate...
        
             | greggsy wrote:
             | "The Navy told us that a Chinese satellite turned and
             | headed on a different route to photograph that plane."
             | 
             | I can only assume that China publish their targeting on
             | some Twitter account? What ludicrous statement.
        
               | scottyah wrote:
               | Is this a reference of the USA doing just that?
               | https://www.npr.org/2022/11/18/1137474748/trump-tweeted-
               | an-i...
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Amateurs can track satellites with telescopes. Inferring
               | intent from a course change is pretty reasonable if it
               | makes a direct overpass, with not much else of interest
               | on the same track. That's not the crazy part of the
               | story.
        
               | brightball wrote:
               | I don't think the Navy was watching Chinese twitter...
        
               | greggsy wrote:
               | Are you implying that they disclosed (to a movie
               | director) that the USA have a foothold within China's
               | IMINT apparatus?
               | 
               | It's trivial to observe flyover changes, but it's
               | ludicrous to suggest that this action alone meant they
               | were looking for a specific aircraft.
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | agloe_dreams wrote:
         | Fastest official is Mach 3.43. I would note that that isn't
         | likely the full story. The US Gov has famously been deceptive
         | about the plane, both overselling or underselling its
         | abilities. (Notably, I do not believe that the US Government
         | ever 'officially' admitted to overflying the USSR.)
         | 
         | It is very possible that for a short period of time, they
         | sustained over mach 3.5 or 3.6, what affect that would have/had
         | on the airframe and engines is unknown.
         | 
         | An interesting story is that once, during the cold war, a
         | Mig-25 was supposedly tracked over Israel at over Mach 3.2 in
         | what is best described as "GTFO" mode. It basically was an
         | attempt to do what the US was doing with the SR-71s. At that
         | speed, the engines are assumed to have been scraped after each
         | flight.
         | 
         | One could make assumptions that the ram-jet elements of an
         | SR-71's J-58s could allow for a few minutes, in the right
         | airframe, with a lucky bin of build quality and weather, far
         | beyond that.
         | 
         | I would also note that this story buries the lede. The title
         | states mach 3.5 but the pilot implies numbers beyond. I'm not
         | sure how factual it is or if it is dramatized, but the pilot
         | absolutely is who they say they are and wrote a book about it.
        
           | ranger207 wrote:
           | > At that speed, the engines are assumed to have been scraped
           | after each flight. > One could make assumptions that the ram-
           | jet elements of an SR-71's J-58s could allow for a few
           | minutes...far beyond that
           | 
           | I would expect the SR-71 to stay at speed longer and for the
           | engines to be capable of higher power (assuming the airframe
           | and intake can handle it). US engines were generally higher
           | quality, while Soviet engines were expected to be replaced
           | very quickly relatively. However, this was a conscious
           | decision on the part of the USSR: instead of making expensive
           | engines with good maintainability in the field, they chose to
           | make cheap engines that were easy to replace. As a result,
           | while a MiG-25 may have only been able to maintain Mach 3 for
           | a few minutes and ruin the engine in the process, they built
           | 1,186 of them, with probably >5,000 Mach 3 capable engines.
           | 
           | Not particularly relevant, but always interesting to discuss
           | how different people think
        
             | phkahler wrote:
             | The SR71 engines are the only ones ever designed to run
             | continuously in after burner. Also in ramjet mode, going
             | faster increased the efficiency as the bow shock swept back
             | and into the engine inlets, providing pre-compressed air.
        
       | FpUser wrote:
       | Kelly was an absolutely amazing person. A giant.
        
       | carbl wrote:
       | No mention of the big block GM V8s on a wagon that was used as a
       | crank to start the engines. They went through a couple of units.
        
       | mardifoufs wrote:
       | I love stories about America violating sovreign airspace,
       | especially when they use such a cool plane. The entire world is
       | truly their own backyard!
        
         | scottyah wrote:
         | There is no international law (or agreement) defining the
         | vertical boundary of a nation's sovereign territory/airspace,
         | but I guarantee no Libyans were up at 80,000'.
        
         | davidu wrote:
         | The world hates that the US is the world police, but then
         | constantly demands the US be the world police.
        
           | postsantum wrote:
           | >but then constantly demands the US be the world police
           | 
           | Que?
        
             | polski-g wrote:
             | Europe isn't even willing to fund their own militaries.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | There is a huge difference between patrolling international
           | tradeways or helping nato allies, and invading or violating
           | foreign countries on a whim with absolutely 0 consequences.
        
             | snovv_crash wrote:
             | I hate to be cynical, but if they don't do the other stuff
             | as well, what's in it for them?
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | Well for one thing the US genuinely seems to be a lot
               | less imperialistic these days. I mean, not militarily at
               | least, I'm sure they are still involved in all kinds of
               | meddling but with less military muscle flexing. It
               | started with Trump but Biden seem to thankfully have kept
               | the same less-interventionist policy. So I guess they
               | have found a way to not do the other stuff, thankfully.
               | 
               | I guess it could just be a return back to the mean from
               | the absolutely, unashamed military imperialism of the
               | 1980s- early 2010s.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | igravious wrote:
         | The days of America violating sovereign airspace are drawing to
         | a close, thankfully.
         | 
         | "The United States-initiated aerial bombing of targets inside
         | the borders of the Libyan Arab Jamahiriyah which took place on
         | April 15, 1986, was met with substantial and immediate
         | criticism by the world community. The positive reaction from
         | the U.S. congress and the American public was not shared by
         | much of the world. Arab nations denounced the American action,
         | as did the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries. In
         | meetings of the UN Security Council, countries denouncing the
         | raid outnumbered those which supported it.
         | 
         | Good article: "American Bombing of Libya: An International
         | Legal Analysis" (1987)
         | 
         | https://scholarlycommons.law.case.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?ar...
        
           | closewith wrote:
           | > The days of America violating sovereign airspace are
           | drawing to a close, thankfully.
           | 
           | They're still overflying Afghanistan and who knows where
           | else.
        
           | arcanemachiner wrote:
           | I wouldn't hold my breath... The US launched an airstrike in
           | an illegally-occupied (Syria) nation less than a week ago.
           | 
           | https://news.antiwar.com/2023/03/25/us-carries-out-
           | airstrike...
        
             | oh_sigh wrote:
             | Illegally occupied according to who?
        
               | Iwan-Zotow wrote:
               | mmm... to anyone who could read?
               | 
               | I mean, could you say why us troops are in Syrian oil
               | fields stealing oil?
        
           | thepasswordis wrote:
           | Ah yes, because surely when the US stops patrolling the seas
           | and skies of this planet, nobody else will try. We will
           | finally have our peaceful utopia once that pesky United
           | States is out of the way!
        
             | mardifoufs wrote:
             | Yes because the US _has_ to patrol the skies of libya,
             | otherwise the entire world will collapse.
             | 
             | See? Strawmaning an argument is very easy to do, I can do
             | it too!
        
         | rocket_surgeron wrote:
         | The SR-71s were over Libya in 1986 because the Libyan secret
         | service detonated a bomb in a Berlin nightclub, killing 3 and
         | wounding hundreds, ten days prior.
         | 
         | "oh yeah well what abou.."
         | 
         | With all due respect, stop.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | Ah yes, the US said so. You should probably look into the
           | actual investigations and events before telling other people
           | to stop. Almost no european country agrees with the
           | conclusion of the US government (that bombed libya in a
           | matter of days, before any investigation started to begin
           | with).
           | 
           | A government that was back then almost frothing at the mouth
           | at any occasion to blame everything on the libyans, to a
           | comical degree. Which was well known, and also the reason why
           | most european countries did not agree with the intervention
           | that we are discussing
        
         | CircleSpokes wrote:
         | What a ridiculous thing to say. Do you think the Libyan
         | intelligence service gets to bomb dance clubs and then cry
         | sovereignty when someone bombs some military targets in Libya?
         | I don't know if you are ignorant of the situation or if you
         | truly believe a country cannot retaliate against an attack
         | against their citizens and allies. (This story and the bombing
         | campaigned being photographed by the SR71 was a direct response
         | to the West Berlin discotheque bombing in 1986).
         | 
         | >The entire world is truly their own backyard!
         | 
         | Yes..? If you are a state actor like Libya and you attack other
         | nations civilians to cause terror then they have the right to
         | attack you back. The US bombing Gaddafi's compounds and some
         | other military targets in Libya was 100% justified. To act like
         | a country can't retaliate in such a situation is honestly
         | childish.
        
           | 4gotunameagain wrote:
           | Well, nobody presented evidence that Libya was behind the La
           | Belle bombing.
           | 
           | If you think that some shady arm of US intelligence isn't
           | capable of such a heinous false flag operation, I urge you to
           | read more history. Now I'm not saying it was one, I'm saying
           | we have no idea who was behind it.
        
             | CircleSpokes wrote:
             | Because real life isn't a TV show. That isn't how national
             | security agencies work. They don't dump raw intelligence to
             | the public. The US knew it was Libya obviously, and the
             | data released since then has proved that. Hell even the
             | Stasi & the soviets knew it was Libya.
             | 
             | Again this isn't a TV show. No country needs permission to
             | react to an attack against them by another state like
             | Libya.
        
               | 4gotunameagain wrote:
               | Oh, so your advice is to blindly trust whatever they
               | shovel into the public's mouths ?
               | 
               | I totally trust US three letter organisations, and cannot
               | see what could possibly go wrong as they have never shown
               | signs of incompetence and malice in the past.
               | 
               | The fact that the stasi thought it was the Libyans could
               | very well mean that it was a very successful false flag
               | operation. This is the problem with the intelligence
               | apparatus. It is war against the truth.
        
               | mardifoufs wrote:
               | I guess we should just trust when the Chinese or Russian
               | agencies come up with their conclusions too, then.
               | 
               | And yes, the US is a democracy and russia/china aren't.
               | But that doesn't seem to have made the US any more trust
               | worthy when it comes to not being prone to baseless war
               | mongering. And the US population seem to be pretty
               | excited to vote over and over again for (or at least, it
               | used to be) war hawks or even outright war criminals.
               | Bush was re-elected in 2004 after outright lying about an
               | incredibly destructive war, so it seems like democracy
               | isn't an argument for trusting the US more on these
               | matters. I guess Americans and westerners in general
               | (mostly) don't live with the consequences of those wars
               | so it's very easy to handwave demands of actual proof by
               | saying that life isn't a movie, or that it was all done
               | with good faith(tm).
               | 
               | But for muslims and the MENA region in general, those
               | arguments just don't resonate well with us at all.
        
           | mardifoufs wrote:
           | So there would be absolutely no problem if afghans or cubans
           | bombed the US, right? Is it just the US that is allowed to
           | basically do whatever it wants to a country based on whatever
           | conclusion their spook agencies come up with?
           | 
           | Plus, as the other comment says there has been no proof that
           | libya was involved. Going by a "hunch" or "secret info from
           | our intelligence agencies" isn't evidence either. You should
           | probably read up on the events, it was super controversial at
           | the time so claiming it was just a cut and dry self-defense
           | move from the US is laughable.
        
       | JustSomeNobody wrote:
       | Amazing what engineers were able to do (build aircraft like the
       | SR-71) before computers came along and made them less productive.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | My grandfather was an OG at the Skunk Works from the time where
         | it was first established. He started at the Burbank plant and
         | followed to Palmdale. He worked on a lot of those legendary
         | projects and still has a ton of his old illustrations. This was
         | a question of mine too - why was there so much innovation at
         | such breakneck speed and why have things changed? His feeling
         | is that it was a cultural one. In the early days of the Skunk
         | Works, people felt and operated like it was the most secretive
         | and important element of their lives and had a tremendous
         | amount of pride for their work. He said that over time it began
         | to operate less and less like a sidecar "elite unit" of
         | engineering etc... and started to get integrated more into the
         | rest of Lockheed. Then the culture began to fell apart because
         | the bar was not as high.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | That said, it did require computers retrofitted to the engines
         | to make the plane safe.
         | 
         | http://www.enginehistory.org/Convention/2014/SR-71Inlts/SR-7...
         | .
        
           | HPsquared wrote:
           | That task could have probably been done by a mechanical or
           | analogue computer. Not sure I'd call that control system a
           | full-fledged computer.
        
             | kens wrote:
             | Aerospace computers don't get any respect. The SR-71's
             | DAFICS (Digital Automatic Flight and Inlet Control System)
             | is a digital computer system with triple-redundancy. I bet
             | your computer doesn't have that :-)
             | 
             | https://doi.org/10.4271/851977
        
         | MR4D wrote:
         | Short of God, an engineer with a slide rule is the most
         | powerful thing in the universe.
        
         | ye-olde-sysrq wrote:
         | I know you're being glib but I assume the reason we didn't do
         | any more Blackbirds is because normal satellite imagery got
         | good enough that it didn't make as much sense to keep building
         | these crazy things.
         | 
         | Does anyone remember that satellite photo Trump leaked of that
         | iranian missile silo?
         | 
         | https://www.npr.org/2019/08/30/755994591/president-trump-twe...
         | 
         | This one ^
         | 
         | I'm just guessing that if they showed it to Trump unprompted in
         | a briefing, it's unlikely that this is max zoom. And it's
         | already crazy clear.
         | 
         | And the article mentions:
         | 
         | "Hanham also says that the European company Airbus has been
         | experimenting with drones that fly so high, they are
         | technically outside the atmosphere and thus operating outside
         | national boundaries. But she says she doesn't know whether the
         | U.S. has such a system."
         | 
         | So I think we just got a bit better at radar deflection and
         | flying really high to where the Blackbird doesn't make sense
         | anymore.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | >satellite imagery
           | 
           | "This one cool trick makes spy agencies hate him"
           | 
           | https://www.harborfreight.com/tarps
        
             | scottyah wrote:
             | That only helps if you're trying to hide the paint job of
             | the object under the tarp
        
           | JustSomeNobody wrote:
           | > I know you're being glib ...
           | 
           | Yes. But I truly believe we lost something with the
           | dependence on computers for everything.
        
           | closewith wrote:
           | > I know you're being glib but I assume the reason we didn't
           | do any more Blackbirds is because normal satellite imagery
           | got good enough that it didn't make as much sense to keep
           | building these crazy things.
           | 
           | Most likely because of cost and missile technology catching
           | up. After all, the U2 is still in active service, so the
           | satellites aren't a perfect replacement.
        
       | geocrasher wrote:
       | Indeed, Mach 3.5 is the _declared_ top speed in this story, but
       | higher speeds are implied.                    The Mach eases to
       | 3.5 as we crest 80,000 feet... Screaming past Tripoli, our
       | phenomenal speed continues to rise... I realize that I still have
       | my left hand full-forward and we're continuing to rocket along in
       | maximum afterburner... The TDI now shows us Mach numbers, not
       | only new to our experience but flat out scary.
       | 
       | He mentions unusually cool temperatures allowing higher speeds
       | than usual, and the aircraft is performing better than ever. So
       | who knows. 3.6? Did a perfect set of circumstances, mixed with a
       | rather urgent need to depart, take them closer to 3.7?
       | 
       | It's truly incredible that the A12/SR-71 aircraft was designed
       | without the benefit of modern computing. In Ben Rich's book
       | "Skunk Works" I recall there a bit about a comment that somebody
       | once made regarding Kelly Johnson, something like "That Swede can
       | _see_ air ". Truly a compliment to Johnson's almost uncanny
       | ability to design aircraft for a specification. The U2 was
       | another example of such ability.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | > It's truly incredible that the A12/SR-71 aircraft was
         | designed without the benefit of modern computing.
         | 
         | One of the huge things that computers give us is the ability to
         | simulate _where_ the design limits _actually_ are - you can
         | "relatively" easily design a device that needs to do "at least
         | X" but once you're done, you don't really know how far _past_ X
         | you can go - computer simulations can help discover where and
         | what exactly fails.
         | 
         | (Some limits like boat "hull speed" are easier to find than
         | others).
        
           | ithkuil wrote:
           | "Any idiot can build a bridge that stands, but it takes an
           | (computer assisted?) engineer to build a bridge that barely
           | stands"
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | It's actually an interesting problem from a "total effort"
             | viewpoint.
             | 
             | There's zero reason to design a kitchen to last 100 years
             | if the average one will be remodeled in 7 and even the
             | oldest won't go past 20.
             | 
             | But other things can be designed to last significantly
             | longer, and be used way past their "original expected
             | lifespan" - many of the buildings in Europe, for example,
             | have lasted centuries.
        
               | ithkuil wrote:
               | True.
               | 
               | That said, w.r.t old buildings, selection bias may play a
               | significant role, perhaps bigger than intentions
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | And maintenance costs, too. You may have a bridge that's
               | 100 years old but you're paying 1/10 a new bridge in
               | maintenance every year - not noticeable.
        
           | Fatnino wrote:
           | The computer allows you to cut down your design so that it
           | will do "at least X and no more" so you can save a few cents
           | and then the plane falls apart when the pilot asks it to do
           | Mach 3.6 but that's OK because the manual said it will top
           | out at 3.5
        
         | strictnein wrote:
         | Such a great book that is becoming harder to find a decent copy
         | of these days.
         | 
         | There's a great sketch that Kelly Johnson did of the A12. This
         | was in September of 1958(!) and he had a rough top speed of
         | Mach 3.0, with a possibility of Mach 3.2. And it existed on
         | nothing but a sheet of paper and in his mind. No computers with
         | advanced software and super computers with petaflops of power.
         | 
         | https://www.thesr71blackbird.com/History/CIA/a-12-blackbird-...
        
           | anodyne33 wrote:
           | First time I've seen that sketch, but it looks like Popular
           | Science lifted it directly for an article from the 80's that
           | I remember distinctly about Project Aurora.
        
         | cm2187 wrote:
         | Temperature is the limiting factor for speed, I remember SR71
         | pilots on a panel saying the aircraft flew faster in winter
         | than in the summer for that reason.
        
           | sbaiddn wrote:
           | What does winter mean at 80 000 ft and Mach 3?
           | 
           | The jet stream is insanely fast at that altitude mixing the
           | air, and at Mach 3 the surface weather changes in fractions
           | of a minute.
        
             | psd1 wrote:
             | Winter means that your nearest pole is tilted away from the
             | sun. Your half of the planet is cooler, especially towards
             | the poles.
        
               | weard_beard wrote:
               | For instance the James Webb telescope gets clearer
               | pictures in summer because in winter the astronauts
               | breath can fog up the lens.
        
           | StrangeATractor wrote:
           | I'm fuzzy on details but I remember reading it had some
           | pretty crazy thermal expansion. I think the pilot had to wait
           | quite a while (hours?) before opening the cockpit to give the
           | plane time to cool enough.
        
           | AdamN wrote:
           | It's also cool that the whole thing was machined 'loose' so
           | that it would expand as it heated up. Apparently the plane
           | would leak fuel and oil when it was on the ground ...
        
             | ridgeguy wrote:
             | Yep, JP-7 [1]. Special low vapor pressure to mitigate
             | accidental ignition hazard.
             | 
             | The Sled leaked like a grad student's '69 VW bus in the
             | hangar. Leak-free above > 1.5 Mach.
             | 
             | (edit to add link)
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JP-7
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | Also incredible most of the titanium came from the USSR but
         | through indirect routes and suppliers with the Soviets being
         | unaware.
        
           | ben7799 wrote:
           | Which is really odd, as Titanium is not that rare.
           | 
           | Are we sure that story about the Titanium coming from the
           | USSR is accurate?
        
             | philipkglass wrote:
             | Titanium is very common in the Earth's crust. But turning
             | titanium minerals into pure, ductile titanium metal is more
             | energy intensive and complex than making most other metals:
             | 
             | https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Inorganic_Chemistry
             | /...
             | 
             | At the time, the USSR had already invested significant
             | resources into making titanium for submarines. Buying
             | titanium under false pretenses was easier than increasing
             | the domestic industrial capacity for making titanium,
             | particularly when the plane was not going to be produced in
             | large numbers.
        
               | StrangeATractor wrote:
               | Related:
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Losos-class_submarine
        
               | justin66 wrote:
               | The Alfa submarine would seem to be more relevant.
        
               | StrangeATractor wrote:
               | I don't disagree but the Piranha is damn cool. Crew of 9!
        
               | stametseater wrote:
               | Also the Papa-class (only one built), which preceded the
               | Alfa and remains the fastest submarine ever built. And
               | the Sierra-class submarines which followed the Alfa
               | class.
        
             | billfor wrote:
             | https://mentourpilot.com/sr-71-when-cia-used-soviet-
             | titanium...
        
               | dendrite9 wrote:
               | There was a government arranged meeting betweeen Boeing
               | and Soviet engineers to discuss working with titanium for
               | the SST: https://www.smithsonianmag.com/air-space-
               | magazine/the-titani...
               | 
               | In the alpine climbing world Soviet climbers used
               | titanium gear that was considered very good and light.
               | Some of it was from scraps and spare material, but they
               | had access to titanium.
        
             | throwmeaway1212 wrote:
             | It's a fairly well known and documented story, do you have
             | anything similar in evidence rather than just conjecture?
        
               | pc86 wrote:
               | "no u" isn't exactly a response engendering a
               | constructive conversation.
        
             | smburdick wrote:
             | I think it's mostly anecdotal (I have heard it too, but I
             | can't think of where)
             | 
             | Not a metallurgist, but if I had to guess it was hard to
             | find in large enough quantities at the time. I also
             | understand that it's a lot harder to work with than say
             | aluminum or steel
             | 
             | Speaking of which, King Louis served his guests with
             | aluminum silverware, since at the time it was more valuable
             | than gold due to the difficulty of extracting it at the
             | time, despite its abundance.
        
               | ckozlowski wrote:
               | "Skunk Works" by Ben Rich is a first hand account by the
               | (eventual) lead of that Lockheed division, and he
               | describes this in his book.
               | 
               | https://www.amazon.com/Skunk-Works-Personal-Memoir-
               | Lockheed/...
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | Why deplete your own supplies when you can use your
             | opponents?
        
         | ridgeguy wrote:
         | Second the recommendation Ben Rich's "Skunk Works" as a good
         | read. A fascinating tale of hardware development in an earlier
         | age.
        
         | sbaiddn wrote:
         | Adrian Newley is aerodynamist and the current chief designer of
         | Red Bull (current champions and top of the season). He has won
         | more F1 champions than any other designer.
         | 
         |  _He draws his cars on paper._
         | 
         | Granted, I'm sure someone digitizes his designs and runs them
         | through a CFD suite, if for no other reason that wind tunnel
         | time rule limited.
         | 
         | Still.
        
           | kingkongjaffa wrote:
           | It's a nice story to read about rock star engineers but F1
           | race car aerodynamics is not done on paper.
           | 
           | Sure concepts to try can be sketched out on paper. Things
           | like wing arrangements, rough intuitive ideas about where the
           | clean and dirty air is. But everything in F1 is an iterative
           | loop between a lap time simulation, vehicle dynamics, and
           | aerodynamics.
           | 
           | Vehicle performance is largely a trade off between Cornering
           | dynamics (typically demanding more downforce) and straight
           | light speed (typically demanding less drag) which is why
           | different tracks have different setups.
           | 
           | Basically balanced between cornering sections and straight
           | line sections to figure out the optimal balance of lift/drag
           | and the dynamic behaviour of the rest of the car in response
           | to those aero set up effects.
        
             | sbaiddn wrote:
             | Obviously they use computers. My point is that Newley,
             | (claims at least) to do his design work on paper.
             | 
             | Which, is not that surprising. If you're good enough to
             | have a draughtman digitize your designs for you, you're
             | free to draw what you want on a five by four foot surface
             | and not fiddle with a GUI and a 30?, 40? inch screen.
             | 
             | Overnight they print you the latest drawing on the plotter
             | and you're back to you doing you. Id live to have a
             | secretary print me my work and then digitize it in the
             | evening.
        
               | kingkongjaffa wrote:
               | His name is Newey BTW.
               | 
               | What you're describing is not how engineering is done.
               | 
               | There's no overnight printing of the drawings.
               | 
               | The 3D CAD models are designed and available in real
               | time, they are used in various CFD and FEA models. The
               | only time drawings are printed out are dimensioned
               | production drawings sent to manufacture the parts.
               | 
               | https://fractory.com/engineering-drawing-basics/
               | 
               | There are no digital draftsmen, it's sort of semantics
               | but design engineers are working directly with parametric
               | 3D models, they can produce 2D drawings from the models.
               | 
               | As a senior engineer Newey is likely reviewing Wind
               | tunnel data, CAD designs of concepts, CFD/FEA Data,
               | laptime sim results, and collaborating "over the
               | shoulder" of less senior engineers responsible for
               | specific aerodynamic packages, who then feed that info in
               | collaboration with design engineers and surface modelers
               | to update the CAD models.
        
       | mongol wrote:
       | I remember my manager was obsessed with the plane and it's name.
       | It sounded so cool. But then I told him what bird it really is
       | (Koltrast in Swedish) and he seemed so disappointed. He probably
       | thought it was a black Eagle or something.
       | 
       | Here the Blackbird is mostly known for its beautiful although
       | melancholic song. And it is also the national bird of Sweden.
        
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