[HN Gopher] Judge finds Google destroyed evidence and repeatedly...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Judge finds Google destroyed evidence and repeatedly lied to the
       court [pdf]
        
       Author : ocdtrekkie
       Score  : 232 points
       Date   : 2023-03-29 20:32 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (storage.courtlistener.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (storage.courtlistener.com)
        
       | badpun wrote:
       | It's not "Google" (corporations don't exist in the physical
       | world, so they can't act in it), it was specific people at Google
       | who destroyed evidence or lied to court.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | Perhaps the solution then is to identify every individual who
         | chose to keep chat history off despite awareness of the
         | litigation hold (particularly those where evidence exists here
         | showing it was an intentional choice), charge them with
         | contempt of court, and put them in jail for a year or so. It's
         | a crime, you can get jail time for it, and if you do it enough
         | times, people will pay attention to it.
        
         | brutusurp wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | salawat wrote:
           | More accurately, it's not the gun, it's the people
           | weilding/operating it...
           | 
           | Except corporations are magical things that shield you from
           | consequences of doing illegal things apparently, so nope,
           | Google did it.
        
         | SegFaultx64 wrote:
         | What's funny about this take is I can't tell if it's super
         | leftist and "lock up the bankers" or super capitalist and "we
         | will never know show did this".
         | 
         | Schrodinger's Comment
        
         | newfonewhodis wrote:
         | Then why does "Google" get tax benefits and not individuals?
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Why do corporation pay taxes is a good question in the first
           | place. The same income is taxed twice - at corporate level
           | first, and then when dividends are paid out (or, in case of
           | buybacks, when shareholders give back their shares to Google
           | in exchange for the profit that was already taxed). From what
           | I've seen at my very cursory look at taxation policy
           | textbooks, the official policy is that taxes don't have to
           | make sense or be fair. They just have to be accepted enough
           | by the population to not stir up trouble, and raise enough
           | money for state to function. Hence the double taxation of
           | corporate profits.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | But when things go right, Google reaps most of the benefits,
         | individuals just get a small piece of the pie. But when things
         | go wrong, you want to blame the individuals instead of the
         | group?
        
           | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
           | What does it mean when "Google reaps most of the benefits"?
           | How does that manifest if not as individual gain?
        
           | bobbylarrybobby wrote:
           | I'm pretty sure those with equity in google get _exactly_
           | what google makes redistributed to them, minus taxes and
           | whatever they choose to reinvest in the company.
        
           | CodexArcana wrote:
           | It's the American way.
        
             | KRAKRISMOTT wrote:
             | _He left Russia for freedom and the American way, and he
             | got Franz Kafka and Goldman Sachs._ - Flash Boys
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | _He left Russia for freedom and the American way, and he
               | got Franz Kafka and Goldman Sachs. - Flash Boys_
               | 
               | Which was far better than Russia still, the end.
        
           | badpun wrote:
           | Not Google. Owners of Google - so, specific people again.
        
         | lisasays wrote:
         | _Corporations don 't exist in the physical world, so they can't
         | act in it_
         | 
         | They very much exist in the legal world, and are accountable
         | for the actions of employees acting under their direction.
         | 
         | According to, you know, those fussy pieces of paper that their
         | owners signed (and presumably read) when they agreed to
         | incorporate.
        
         | knome wrote:
         | Corporations are responsible for the actions of those they
         | employ.
         | 
         | If google publishes an option to press a button to violate the
         | law to its employees, they are responsible for those that chose
         | to click it.
        
         | adrianmonk wrote:
         | Items 30-32 (from p. 9) seem pretty significant. Basically,
         | other stuff like Gmail automatically went on litigation hold
         | (where records are preserved), but Chat didn't. Google did warn
         | employee about the problem with this and told them not to use
         | Chat for any topics subject to litigation hold. But they left
         | it up to employees to actually do that.
         | 
         | And, very predictably, of course they didn't. Whether it's
         | because they were careless, unaware, intentionally trying to
         | hide things is another question. Regardless, it was an
         | arrangement that basically guaranteed this sort of problem
         | would happen.
        
         | melenaboija wrote:
         | It is Google and inside Google some specific individuals.
         | Corporations are part of the society and their capital is its
         | representation.
         | 
         | Corporations have to be liable and whoever takes benefits has
         | to take this.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | Google the company shouldn't be used as a mask for individual
           | Google employees. If you find that employees are being used
           | as scapegoats for companies, it's an indication that you
           | haven't moved high enough in the org chart with your
           | indictments.
        
           | sam0x17 wrote:
           | Yeah, side note we need corporate death penalty
        
             | kolinko wrote:
             | Antitrust is akin to this, with corporations being split
             | into much smaller and way less powerful entities - it
             | happened to AT&T, and Microsoft was close to getting
             | sentenced as well in 1990s.
        
             | pleasantpeasant wrote:
             | Individuals need to be punished if they do something evil.
             | 
             | It's too easy to hide behind your corporation/business when
             | your company ends up doing some serious environmental
             | disaster.
        
             | kyleplum wrote:
             | Isn't that what happened to SVB?
        
               | birdyrooster wrote:
               | That was more like a public lynching
        
               | arrosenberg wrote:
               | No, SVB failed as a result of a bank run. What OP is
               | suggesting is more akin to Arthur Andersen after Enron.
        
         | carabiner wrote:
         | A few bad apples. A few bad cops. A few bad prison guards.
         | 
         | Everyone is guilty of something. So is no one guilty of
         | anything?
        
           | kelseyfrog wrote:
           | The last part goes:
           | 
           | If everyone is guilty of something then politics and power
           | decide who gets punished.
        
         | codegeek wrote:
         | Reminds of the infamous Mitt Romney quote "Corporations are
         | people".
        
         | koboll wrote:
         | The point of a corporation is to be a legal person that is
         | considered as a physical person in various ways for purposes of
         | a lawsuit.
         | 
         | That's literally why it has the Latin root corp, meaning body,
         | in the name.
        
       | ocdtrekkie wrote:
       | More plaintext summary at Ars for those looking for the Cliff
       | Notes version: https://arstechnica.com/tech-policy/2023/03/judge-
       | finds-goog...
       | 
       | This pertains both to the lawsuit from Epic Games as well as from
       | the Department of Justice.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | > The record demonstrates otherwise. An abundance of evidence
       | establishes that Google employees routinely used Chat to discuss
       | substantive business topics, including matters relevant to this
       | antitrust litigation.
       | 
       | > Google left employees largely on their own to determine what
       | Chat communications might be relevant to the many critical legal
       | and factual issues in this complex antitrust litigation.
       | 
       | All true. I'm just glad I wasn't subpoena'ed.
       | 
       | "Off the record" on a chat was often interpreted as "anything
       | goes" including by people who should have known better. It should
       | not have been, and I definitely heard lawyers say "if it's
       | something you wouldn't want to come out in court, then don't say
       | it via the computer, whether it's on OR off the record."
        
         | alach11 wrote:
         | I wonder how corporations are going to adapt to a world where
         | more and more meetings are transcribed and summarized by
         | language models. Adopting that technology, while it's a
         | productivity boost, will expose companies to vastly greater
         | amounts of liability. There are a lot of comments that can get
         | made off-hand in a meeting that would never make it into chat,
         | let alone an email.
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | Some businesses, not sure on google, will actually have lawyers
         | on _most_ meetings in order to circumvent subpoenas as it 's
         | "protected" discussions that way... I don't recall the details,
         | just rememember seeing a report on the practice.
        
           | aikinai wrote:
           | Google's legal training specifically says that this won't
           | work and don't do it anyway.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | Just having a lawyer in the room doesn't make the
           | conversation privileged. It's a conversation _with the
           | lawyer_ that is privileged, so they actually have to be a
           | participant.
        
             | runnerup wrote:
             | Uhh...it's also not privileged, if the lawyer is
             | participating in the discussion about ongoing planning of
             | criminal activity.
             | 
             | http://doctorcleveland.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-corleones-
             | gu...
             | 
             | > [The lawyer] Hagen is not only party to that decision but
             | party to a detailed discussion of methods. He cannot
             | pretend attorney-client privilege here either.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | What @vkou said. Just including the lawyer doesn't make it
           | privileged.
        
           | runnerup wrote:
           | "If you're committing an ongoing crime and you involve your
           | lawyer in it, there's no privilege involved. _That 's not an
           | attorney. It's an accomplice._"
           | 
           | http://doctorcleveland.blogspot.com/2018/04/don-corleones-
           | gu...
           | 
           | > Later on, when Don Corleone is incapacitated, [the lawyer]
           | Hagen sits in on a five-person strategy meeting where at
           | least three murders are ordered. Hagen can't claim attorney-
           | client privilege for any of that. Passing the bar is not a
           | license to kill. Hagen is sitting there when his foster-
           | brother Sonny orders a disloyal subordinate named Paulie
           | Gatto killed. If the Gatto murder ever went to trial, Hagen
           | would not be a lawyer but a defendant.
        
             | bmitc wrote:
             | Sounds like the comment you replied to is a case of this:
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=75iv3RKQUAM
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | I've always been told by corporate training that unless a
           | lawyer is being asked a _particular_ legal question, simply
           | including them in a conversation does not raise a lawyer-
           | client confidentiality shield.
        
           | twoodfin wrote:
           | If you want to hear SCOTUS explore the limits of attorney-
           | client privilege, including extensive discussion on just this
           | practice, the oral arguments for _In re Grand Jury_ are well
           | worth a listen:
           | 
           | https://www.oyez.org/cases/2022/21-1397
           | 
           | (SCOTUS ultimately decided to punt the case.)
        
       | sebzim4500 wrote:
       | It's a useful reminder not to pay attention to legal commentary
       | from HN, most of the comments were saying that Google did nothing
       | wrong w.r.t. these messages.
        
         | user982 wrote:
         | E.g.: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35224167
        
         | bcrosby95 wrote:
         | Ah, the stodgy old "only ever discuss things with experts"
         | advice.
        
           | danaris wrote:
           | No, more like "don't listen to smug programmers when they
           | tell you they have a foolproof strategy for beating the legal
           | system that relies purely on technology."
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | More that no one is as smart as the average HN user thinks
           | they are.
        
       | hot_gril wrote:
       | The disappearing chat messages were a pain in the ass for
       | employees too.
        
         | compiler-guy wrote:
         | "The disappearing chat messages were a pain in the ass for
         | employees too."
         | 
         | This disappearing chat messages _are_ a pain in the ass for
         | employees, but they _were_ a pain in the ass for employees too.
        
         | zamnos wrote:
         | there's a group to join to enable history by default.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | It still has a timeout, just a longer one, and there's some
           | caveat about the other side sending first that I forget. The
           | only solid solution is to discuss everything in a space
           | instead of a regular group/1:1 chat.
        
             | mike_d wrote:
             | Getting yourself put on legal hold was also great for
             | email/chat retention.
        
           | xen0 wrote:
           | This doesn't work when someone else outside of the group
           | initiates a conversation.
           | 
           | It's a fantastic feature; meaning I am never distracted on a
           | European Monday morning by what someone sent me on an
           | American Friday afternoon. ;)
        
       | tiahura wrote:
       | _Even so, the principle of proportionality demands that the
       | remedy fit the wrong, and the Court would like to see the state
       | of play of the evidence at the end of fact discovery. At that
       | time, plaintiffs will be better positioned to tell the Court what
       | might have been lost in the Chat communications._
       | 
       | No sanctions for now.
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | > _The Court has repeatedly asked Google why it never mentioned
       | Chat until the issue became a substantial problem. It has not
       | provided an explanation, which is worrisome, especially in light
       | of its unlimited access to accomplished legal counsel, and its
       | long experience with the duty of evidence preservation._
       | 
       | courts never stray "outside the case" but I wish they had said
       | "...and google's long experience saving every scrap of
       | information about everybody on the planet they can find, so weird
       | they would delete this information"
       | 
       | ianal, but i think when a court finds you have deleted evidence,
       | that the information deleted is assumed to be evidence against
       | you. It's not the direct sanction against this behavior that is
       | the worst part, but whatever the case is about going against you.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > courts never stray "outside the case"
         | 
         | They do, regularly, otherwise the entire concept of "obiter
         | dictum" wouldn't exist.
         | 
         | > ianal, but i think when a court finds you have deleted
         | evidence, that the information deleted is assumed to be
         | evidence against you.
         | 
         | The court can (rough summary of Rule 37 of the Federal Rules of
         | Civil Procedure)
         | 
         | (1) Itself (in a bench trial), or by direction to the jury (in
         | a jury trial), allow that to serve as the basis for adverse
         | inference as you describe, or
         | 
         | (2) Simply direct a finding of fact against the party who does
         | that (bypassing the jury, in a jury trial), or
         | 
         | (3) Strike any claims of the party at fault that the discovery
         | touches on from the case entirely, or
         | 
         | (4) Dismiss the case (if the party is the plaintiff) or render
         | summary judgement against the party (in any case),
         | 
         | (5) Treat the failure as a contempt of court and sanction it
         | that, or
         | 
         | (6) any combination of those (and a few other things) that it
         | thinks is appropriate.
        
         | rodgerd wrote:
         | > i think when a court finds you have deleted evidence, that
         | the information deleted is assumed to be evidence against you
         | 
         | This is why Alex Jones lost his civil actions: he was so
         | intransigent about refusing to produce evidence that the judge
         | determined he was guilty.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | Also when his lawyer accidentally provided the evidence it
           | showed he was guilty.
        
         | ocdtrekkie wrote:
         | > i think when a court finds you have deleted evidence, that
         | the information deleted is assumed to be evidence against you
         | 
         | This is the concept of "adverse inference", and Epic has indeed
         | requested the court instruct the jury of this. However, at this
         | time that hasn't been decided by the court.
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | The court might do more or (less likely, as I read the order)
           | less than that in this case, having explicitly said it wants
           | to see the state of play of evidence at the end of discovery
           | before making a decision, and only ruling out "terminating
           | sanctions" (i.e., summary judgement now against Google) at
           | this point.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | Scubabear68 wrote:
       | Google must have thought the court was a customer.
        
       | MBCook wrote:
       | So will they be fined or have some other punishment? Or maybe
       | there will be a future hearing to determine that?
        
         | bbunix wrote:
         | Yes, it's at the end of the document. Penalties will be
         | assessed once fact discovery is complete. Monetary damages of
         | legal costs related to this issue are to be presented to the
         | court by the plaintiff.
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | It's worth it b/c corporations only get penalized with measly
       | fines
        
         | henriquez wrote:
         | Hopefully Google gets shut down and its board of directors are
         | arrested.
        
           | drstewart wrote:
           | Governments should be in the habit of shutting down any and
           | all enterprises at a drop of a hat. Any infraction should
           | result in immediate termination + mass arrests as you
           | correctly point out. Countries that have taken this approach
           | (i.e. Cuba, Zimbabwe) have shown great success and
           | flourishing, thriving economies.
        
             | pessimizer wrote:
             | We say, as a bill winds through Congress to force the sale
             | of TikTok.
        
               | Nevermark wrote:
               | TikTok is interesting in all kinds of ways, across all
               | kinds of dimensions.
               | 
               | To me, the intersection of issues does create a special
               | case.
               | 
               | There is China's suppression of free speech within China
               | overall, including its suppression of TikTok. Its sister
               | app Douyin is heavily censored. This includes its lack of
               | business/market reciprocity by banning Facebook, etc.
               | 
               | Then there has been China's censoring of posts on TikTok
               | (at least in the past, claimed to be no longer the case).
               | 
               | Chinese governments institutionalized oversight and
               | access options into any level of its countries
               | businesses, ... China's general international propaganda
               | efforts take on a different level of meaning when they
               | include control of hugely popular consumers social
               | networks.
               | 
               | I don't think there is any simple or obvious principle
               | based solution to TikTok.
               | 
               |  _And of course, related to this whole discussion, China
               | isn 't going to disclose, or let any company in its
               | influence disclose, any of its troublesome behavior._
               | 
               | Making even conspiracy level doubts about TikTok's actual
               | motives and behavior reasonable to entertain in a legal
               | sense, since we know China/TikTok will be intransigent
               | about any kind real open analysis of that they are
               | actually doing or not at the China's governments behest.
               | 
               | China does not provide its own judicial review process to
               | check its own behavior, supply any constitutional or
               | legal commitments to hold itself in check, provide any
               | cooperation with outside oversight, or have any
               | reciprocal agreements with the US to cooperate in
               | limiting information warfare.
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Other reasonable option could be to remove the limited
             | liability of corporations and just throw all shareholders
             | to couple years of slave labour. At least in countries like
             | USA where slavery is fully legal and costitutional.
        
           | darth_avocado wrote:
           | People who directly contributed to destroying evidence should
           | also be arrested the same way you would for destroying
           | evidence in any other crimes. (Even if you're claiming
           | negligence)
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > People who directly contributed to destroying evidence
             | should also be arrested the same way you would for
             | destroying evidence in any other crimes.
             | 
             | This is not a criminal case, so "evidence in any other
             | crimes" is inappropriate.
        
           | gsatic wrote:
           | We haven't yet figured out how to shutdown cancer once they
           | get past a certain scale. Large tech firms are like cancer is
           | what the last two decades have taught us.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | "too big to fail" pretty much sums it up... roughly
             | equivalent to, we do a lot of campaign funding.
        
           | pessimizer wrote:
           | We didn't prosecute the CIA for destroying videotaped
           | evidence of torture at numerous black sites, and promoted the
           | woman who ordered it to CIA Director. Google will ultimately
           | benefit from destroying evidence, which is why they did it.
        
         | timemct wrote:
         | I've often thought that when a company, especially one as big
         | as Alphabet/Google, gets fined, it's simply seen as an
         | operating cost and not as a motivator to do better.
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | Random thought people say you can't put a corporation in
           | jail.
           | 
           | Well they're wrong. You could sentence the board to serve a
           | stint in jail. Or management. Or even everyone that works
           | there.
           | 
           | Want to talk about lighting a fire under people.
        
             | tracker1 wrote:
             | I look at so many issues in the US... the East Palistine
             | train derailment and SVB bank... and wish that would
             | actually happen (to sr mgt and boards) in practice.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | Clearly fines aren't sufficiently high. I think we need to
           | scale them with revenue. Like towards 25-50%. Maybe with some
           | payment plan if needed taking money from employer/executive
           | bonuses, stock buybacks and dividends until it is paid with
           | full interest.
        
           | verisimi wrote:
           | So do the execs at google. And what is "better" anyway?
           | Morality won't pay the bills.. Engineering society to do
           | whatever it is you want society to do is good business
           | however.
           | 
           | You'd hope this is where government and its legislative arm
           | would step in to speak up for the 'citizens' but in fact,
           | government is just the other wing of the same bird.
        
           | rodgerd wrote:
           | The reason that banks generally take AMLAT rules so seriously
           | is that the fines are vastly higher than any profit that can
           | be generated by breaking them. Where I live they're in the
           | order of up to a million _per transaction_ that violates the
           | rules.
           | 
           | CBA in Australia was fined $700 million and Westpac $1.3
           | billion for mere tens of thousands of transactions that were
           | in breach. They have spent a lot of time and money fixing
           | their shit since then, unsurprisingly.
           | 
           | Fines that punch through to individuals are another great
           | motivator. Health and safety rules suddenly started getting
           | taken a great deal more seriously in my neck of the woods
           | when managers became personally liable for up to $200,000 for
           | breaches.
        
         | Tuna-Fish wrote:
         | What's in play here is not a fine, but courtroom sanctions that
         | potentially hurt their case.
         | 
         | For example, the most powerful remedy Epic has asked from the
         | court is "adverse inference", which would mean that the judge
         | tells the jury that instead of judging the case on the basis of
         | evidence presented by both parties, they should consider
         | absence of evidence to be in favor of Epic. This can be quite
         | devastating for your case.
        
       | Forbo wrote:
       | "Organize the world's information and make it universally
       | accessible and useful"... Except when it makes us look bad.
        
         | livelielife wrote:
         | with all this multiverse stuff... I suppose only whomever is
         | part of google's universe can access it now. the rest are now
         | in the "multiverse".
        
         | pessimizer wrote:
         | Typical.
         | 
         | Google: Remembering the number and types of pets we think you
         | may own, for decades, but quietly destroying information about
         | ourselves in a process consistent with how that information is
         | classified under our recently updated data retention policy.
        
       | blibble wrote:
       | I'm sure the AI this company will produce will "do no evil"
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I'm absolutely certain it will be biased in much the same way
         | the general search and YouTube are.
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | davidthewatson wrote:
       | How's this working out for them?
       | 
       | https://abc.xyz/investor/other/code-of-conduct/
       | 
       | Doesn't seem like the transformation from "don't be evil" hit its
       | intended ethics target.
        
       | livelielife wrote:
       | if it were possible to do so (if they were a human) they would be
       | put in jail
       | 
       | but that would mean nobody can use google anymore cuz they're in
       | jail
        
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