[HN Gopher] An ancient Indian Buddhist monk buried in Athens
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       An ancient Indian Buddhist monk buried in Athens
        
       Author : gumby
       Score  : 129 points
       Date   : 2023-03-26 22:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (greekreporter.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (greekreporter.com)
        
       | qersist3nce wrote:
       | Why the ancient world seems mysterious and completely orthogonal
       | to our modern ways?
       | 
       | At some point in history, "something" happened, I don't know
       | what. Like Augustus a Roman emperor, was initiated into the
       | mystery of two goddesses? What was _that_? The Sage caste of
       | india could just decide to self-immolate? Why not other people of
       | india and why certain caste did stuff? Why Marcus Aurelius was so
       | wise and unique?
       | 
       | Why later kings and heads of states and general people were not
       | like this?
        
         | Micoloth wrote:
         | > Augustus a Roman emperor, was initiated into the mystery of
         | two goddesses? What was that?
         | 
         | Yeah right? That is weird now. But I'm pretty sure the
         | simplified version of what happened to that is is: christianity
         | + germanic invasions..
         | 
         | > The Sage caste of india could just decide to self-immolate?
         | 
         | Fanatism has existed for a long time and "honorable suicide"
         | too.. In that case it was about reincarnation.. I guess in
         | modernity it's less common because we have better options?
         | 
         | > Why Marcus Aurelius was so wise and unique?
         | 
         | I'm pretty sure he was not more wise and unique than lots of
         | wise and unique people living today.. He just happened to be
         | the literal emperor, and wrote a book. Also they had a Lot of
         | really shitty emperors though..
        
         | leroy-is-here wrote:
         | Seeing and sight are two different things and used to be taught
         | as such.
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | > Like Augustus a Roman emperor, was initiated into the mystery
         | of two goddesses? What was that?
         | 
         | Probably normal mystery-religion/club shit. We'll do the secret
         | rituals, teach you our secret signs, impart some secret
         | knowledge. Ta-da, now you're a 10th degree freemason, master-
         | elect--er, I mean, are initiated into the mysteries of Juno or
         | whatever. There are surviving fairly-old mystery religions (in
         | addition to the alluded-to imitators of that sort of tradition,
         | like the freemasons). They tend to be really shit at
         | proselytizing and to not do great in a globalizing world in
         | competition with bigger religions that are good at gaining
         | converts, so it's a dying breed of religion, but hardly a
         | mystery (ha, ha). Between that and limited ancient accounts, we
         | can make a decent guess at the general kind of thing Roman
         | mystery cults were up to.
         | 
         | > Why Marcus Aurelius was so wise and unique?
         | 
         | Eh, he wrote a pretty-good book on an existing philosophy that
         | he'd been taught. Not nothing, but not exactly revolutionary.
         | Epictetus, Seneca, and others preceded him. Anyway, a lot of
         | that book doesn't get quoted in tweets, because it's not-so-
         | wise-seeming stoic physics, metaphysics, and
         | religion/cosmology. It's just the pithy bits of ethics and
         | right-living that people really like. Meanwhile, in a few
         | hundred years, Rome produced, what, two emperors whose writing
         | we still care about at all, with IIRC 3ish volumes between them
         | that are still read by ~anyone? Again, not nothing, but also
         | not _that_ out-there.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | > The Sage caste of india could just decide to self-immolate?
         | Why not other people of india and why certain caste did stuff?
         | 
         | I think others did it too (or had it done to them?). I'm not
         | expert and risk mangling a description of the ritual, but
         | Sati/Suttee was where widows sat on their husbands funeral pyre
         | or were buried alive.
         | 
         | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sati_(practice)
        
           | jaldhar wrote:
           | The Greek authors naturally were not completely versed in the
           | ins and outs of Indian traditions so they confused different
           | social phenomena. There was no "Sage caste" but there were
           | different orders of monks following different philosophies.
           | They are loosely grouped together as Shramanas and they
           | generally believed that this world was illusionary and full
           | of suffering and the task of religion is to find a way out.
           | Some of the more pessimistic ones thought that the only truly
           | nonviolent way to do it is by suicide. This is an official
           | dogma of Jainism to this day (though Darwin has moderated
           | actual practice considerably.)
           | 
           | Sati is a different social custom from a much later time
           | period.
        
       | otikik wrote:
       | Exchange student
        
       | abc_lisper wrote:
       | Buddhist philosophy is practical and seems some what out of sync
       | with the Hindu thought at that time. Buddha lived around the same
       | time as Socrates. I can't help but wonder if some of the ideas
       | were not cross-pollinated. Don't get me wrong. There are many
       | similarities between the cultures, even 1000 years ago. Al-
       | Biruni, an arabic scholar, well versed in Greek thought, said as
       | much. He thought Indians were on par with Greeks in Math and
       | Science, but didn't advance as much because the
       | language(Sanskrit) depends on analogies and metaphors a tad too
       | much ie, not being quantitive and exact. I feel even today,
       | Indian culture relies heavily on analogy.
        
         | anukin wrote:
         | The facts are spot on. The conclusions are a bit off though.
         | Ancient Indian civilization was pretty advanced in theoretical
         | mathematics and was able to calculate the expansion of sines
         | and cosines before Taylor's theorems. It also had an
         | understanding of sines cosines etc. The main area where it fell
         | behind was the engineering aspect of theorems. Other than few
         | civil engineering marvels, Indians never discovered things like
         | antikythera mechanism or aqueducts like ancient romans. This
         | could partially be blamed on education being limited to few
         | people as a direct side effect of caste system. The few who
         | worked as smiths were not versed in theorems. Those who worked
         | on theorems were never versed in engineering. They also did not
         | cross pollinate that well. All owing to failure of education
         | system of country. A curse it still suffers from tbh.
         | 
         | As for Sanskrit it was never the language of masses. Pali or
         | Prakrit would have been the language of masses during time of
         | Al biruni. Sanskrit is an elegant language but was again
         | limited in access to few by the caste system.
        
           | cscurmudgeon wrote:
           | Both your comment and the parent comment seems biased and in
           | a way parallels jingoistic comments overhyping Indian
           | achievements (but in the opposite direction).
           | 
           | Was there any objective metric by which ancient Indian
           | engineering was behind others?
           | 
           | There are other Indian achievements that have no parallels
           | elsewhere in a similar time. But you can't overgeneralize
           | from them in the other direction either:
           | 
           | https://www.bbc.com/travel/article/20170110-indias-
           | ancient-e...
           | 
           | https://mymodernmet.com/kailasa-temple-ellora-caves/
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | These far post-date the engineering constructions in Rome
             | and Greece--not to mention Egypt and other bronze age
             | civilization, including the Indus River Valley civilization
             | itself. Its clear from ancient texts and stories like the
             | Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Bhagavata Purana that
             | the Aryans were a nomadic, tribal cow-herding people who
             | didn't tend to live in fixed structures. At some point
             | people starting creating permanent structures, and they are
             | architectural marvels of course, but those achievements do
             | not seem to co-ordinate with the vedic mathematics in the
             | same way that Greek, Egyptian, and Roman mathematics co-
             | ordinate with Greek, Egyptian, and Roman engineering
             | marvels.
        
               | jaldhar wrote:
               | Whether or not you accept "Aryan migration" it would have
               | occurred at least 1000 years or more before the period
               | under discussion so I don't see the relevance.
        
               | cscurmudgeon wrote:
               | > These far post-date the engineering constructions in
               | Rome and Greece--not to mention Egypt and other bronze
               | age civilization, including
               | 
               | That has zero relevance to the statement about Al Biruni
               | unless he magically travelled back in time and was stuck
               | in some x-00 BC and couldn't see newer developments in
               | India.
               | 
               | Also strange is the fact that around Al Biruni's time
               | Hindu numerals were adopted by Arabs (and that we all use
               | now). Maybe he did go back in time!
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hindu-Arabic_numeral_system
               | 
               | > Its clear from ancient texts and stories like the
               | Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Bhagavata Purana that
               | the Aryans were a nomadic, tribal cow-herding people who
               | didn't tend to live in fixed structures
               | 
               | What? No, the Mahabharata has elaborate descriptions of
               | palaces, cities. Even Ramayana mentions palace. And
               | nomads, usually, don't have palaces or cities lol.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lakshagriha
               | 
               | Lets leave all that aside and come back to this question:
               | 
               | Was there any objective metric by which ancient Indian
               | engineering was behind others?
        
               | akprasad wrote:
               | > Its clear from ancient texts and stories like the
               | Mahabharata, the Ramayana, and the Bhagavata Purana that
               | the Aryans were a nomadic, tribal cow-herding people who
               | didn't tend to live in fixed structures.
               | 
               | Do you have examples of stories to support this point? I
               | ask because the Mahabharata and the Ramayana, at least,
               | are deeply concerned with cities, city life, and the
               | politics of cities, and nomadic life within them is a
               | salient point only insofar as its main characters are in
               | exile from the cities they wish to return to.
        
           | jaldhar wrote:
           | A couple of observations
           | 
           | 1. Indian advances in Mathematics are several centuries in
           | the future from the period under discussion. And they owe
           | quite a bit to interaction with the Greeks though patriots
           | might not want to admit it.
           | 
           | 2. Pali wasn't a "language of masses" either. It was a trade
           | language of Western India that became the literary language
           | of the sthaviravadi Buddhists. Other sects used Sanskrit or
           | other Prakrits. Shakyamunis mother tongue was Magadhi yet
           | another Prakrit.
           | 
           | 3. Sanskrit was the most prestigious language though at this
           | point it didn't have the monopoly it would later have. No it
           | wasn't a mass language either but more people had access to
           | it than you might think.
        
         | joe__f wrote:
         | Phyrro supposedly travelled to India, but he was later than
         | Socrates I think
        
         | gumby wrote:
         | I think the people who settled both regions, bringing the
         | wheel, a language family, and other cultural structures
         | probably left a common foundation that perhaps lead to further
         | parallel development and/or facilitated cross fertilization.
         | 
         | India had wide trade and cultural interchange between Southeast
         | Asia, the Middle East, and even the eastern Mediterranean at
         | least as far back back as Harrapan times.
        
         | n1b0m wrote:
         | From my understanding, before being influenced by Hellenistic
         | culture the Buddha was never represented in human form.
        
           | wahern wrote:
           | Greek statuary apparently had tremendous influence in Eurasia
           | generally, including as far as Japan. The Greek wind god,
           | Boreas, seems to have become (or at least been the source for
           | depictions of) the Japanese wind god, Fujin:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F%C5%ABjin
           | 
           | Regarding your point specifically:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhist_art
        
             | progmetaldev wrote:
             | Thank you for posting these Wikipedia articles. I honestly
             | had no idea that there was this combination of ideas
             | between Greek and Buddhist thought and art, but looking at
             | some of the art, it's much easier to see the influences
             | while having this in mind.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Al-Biruni was Central Asian/Khwarizmian (related to Persian),
         | not Arab.
        
         | fooker wrote:
         | > language(Sanskrit) depends on analogies and metaphors a tad
         | too much ie, not being quantitive and exact
         | 
         | This is absolutely true.
         | 
         | You will find a bunch of modern keyboard warriors who have not
         | studied Sanskrit literature vehemently disagreeing with this
         | based on some misplaced sense of pride.
         | 
         | Sanskrit is --syntactically-- a very exact language with no
         | room for debate. The flip side of this is that every dialect
         | got labelled as an aberration (literally!) with no hope of
         | mainstream adoption.
         | 
         | Now moving on from syntax, Sanskrit semantics is intentionally
         | loosely defined. So much that you are discouraged from
         | interpreting it yourself. The usual argument for that is that
         | you would have a teacher who will teach you the correct
         | interpretation. Obviously this did not scale, and caused
         | knowledge to get lost wholesale over time.
         | 
         | A concrete example is the grammar rules of the language itself,
         | which is supposed to be exact and well defined. Well, it turns
         | out that these rules were only written down in terms of
         | mnemonics (similar to remembering the first letter of
         | trigonometric identities to recall it), and people have
         | interpreted these mnemonics in different ways.
        
           | akprasad wrote:
           | > Sanskrit semantics is intentionally loosely defined
           | 
           | I have studied Sanskrit literature extensively and do not
           | know what this means.
           | 
           | > people have interpreted these mnemonics in different ways
           | 
           | Your implication is that people interpreted these mnemonics
           | differently due to misunderstanding these rules. The
           | mainstream scholarly response is rather some version of
           | pryogshrnnaa vaiyaakrnnaaH ("grammarians take refuge in
           | usage"), i.e. that different grammarians working in different
           | eras and time periods were forced to reconcile the
           | Ashtadhyayi as a fixed document with the slight divergence in
           | contemporary usage -- that is, that they followed usage and
           | intentionally reinterpreted rules to fit usage.
           | 
           | For an example of how this accounts for Patanjali's readings
           | in particular, see [1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://web.stanford.edu/~kiparsky/Papers/markers.pdf
        
             | fooker wrote:
             | >I have studied Sanskrit literature extensively and do not
             | know what this means.
             | 
             | This means a sentence can often have many different
             | meaning, not just the literal one suggested by the words.
             | 
             | The idea is you either accept multiple meanings or settle
             | it through debate.
             | 
             | I am not criticizing this, this is fundamentally what makes
             | literature and poetry interesting.
             | 
             | But this makes it really difficult to draw a line between
             | philosophy and science.
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | Perhaps this was intentional, or supported by having
               | teachers and a stronger oral history/tradition? Just as
               | with Buddhism, I always felt there wasn't as much of a
               | clear divide between philosophy and science as you find
               | in western thought. You seem more well versed than I in
               | this topic, so thought I would throw this out there in
               | case you have any insight into this (or I easily could be
               | misinterpreting).
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | That is exactly right.
               | 
               | The claim from the Greek historian is that this is what
               | caused eastern science and engineering to stagnate
               | compared to Greek/Roman efforts.
               | 
               | I am inclined to agree, of course it is not really
               | possible to prove any causality here.
        
               | progmetaldev wrote:
               | This is one of those topics where we can only dream of
               | where we could currently be, had these traditions been
               | allowed to continue and the knowledge shared.
               | 
               | Being from the western world, with a deep curiosity in
               | eastern thought and practice, these types of thought
               | experiments are very interesting to me, but also
               | depressing when you look closely at the reality of how
               | things played out.
        
               | DiscourseFan wrote:
               | Yes, it was disappointing to me to learn at some point
               | that you can't actually read much of the great classical
               | and vedic compositions without assistance of a
               | commentary. Although the commentaries themselves are
               | fairly exact.
               | 
               | It reminds me a lot of Greek drama, except there even if
               | the grammar is funky, you can usually deduce how the
               | language is being stretched and why, even if its very
               | difficult and technical. In Sanskrit that isn't always an
               | option, you just have to know from context why and how
               | certain words are being used after having already studied
               | the language for decades.
        
               | fooker wrote:
               | >Although the commentaries themselves are fairly exact.
               | 
               | Now the problem is that these descriptions are colored by
               | the philosophy and opinion of the person writing it,
               | often heavily because of the lack of cross pollination of
               | ideas.
               | 
               | For example, the ISKCON descriptions of the verses of
               | Gita are often completely orthogonal to the main
               | philosophy of Gita, but the interpretation is technically
               | as valid as the literal interpretation.
        
             | fooker wrote:
             | >that they followed usage and intentionally reinterpreted
             | rules to fit usage.
             | 
             | Makes sense.
             | 
             | What I was touching upon was the culture of leaving things
             | up to interpretation though, not just this particular
             | issue.
        
       | webnrrd2k wrote:
       | Alexander the Great started his conquest around 335 bce and made
       | it all the way from Greece, across Persia, and into India. Trade
       | increased, and new greek settlements were set up along the way.
       | There was a big exchange of ideas and culture, including Buddhism
       | being introduced to the West. I think that the exact lineage of a
       | lot of the ideas introduced then has been lost, and it's no
       | longer possible to trace them with great fidelity. But I also
       | think that Indial religion, including Buddhism, has had a great
       | impact on early Western civilization.
        
         | fatneckbeard wrote:
         | I think there is a lot we can still learn, but the areas where
         | the artifacts exist have succumbed to geo-political conflict
         | between the great powers that surround them. Such as
         | Afghanistan, Iran, Uzbekistan, etc.
        
           | progmetaldev wrote:
           | Even in the current era we have groups such as the Taliban
           | and ISIS destroying cultural artifacts and knowledge. One can
           | only hope there is still knowledge contained somewhere safe
           | that we might uncover and be able to share.
        
         | gen220 wrote:
         | Diodorous stated that Alexander intended to inter-migrate the
         | people of his conquered empire, to facilitate cultural exchange
         | and unity between the Asian and European peoples who were by
         | then his de facto subjects. [1]
         | 
         | Interesting to imagine what that counterfactual world might
         | have looked like.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander_the_Great#Last_plans
        
           | progmetaldev wrote:
           | It's an interesting thought experiment to think of where we
           | might be culturally and intellectually had there been an
           | actual exchange of thought, without rulers taking advantage
           | of people for profit. We can say the same thing even now, but
           | back then it seems like those ideas are what built the
           | foundation of our modern world. If that exchange had been
           | allowed to flourish, we might be a much more civilized world.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | The later history of The British East India Company left me
         | disappointed and angry and what was destroyed and lost in
         | India.
         | 
         | I think it was the below book.
         | 
         | Key passage from the review "Company officials engaged in a
         | systematic orgy of asset-stripping Bengal, contributing to one
         | of Bengal's worst famines, killing millions. Rather than
         | organise effective tax or famine relief, as was common among
         | Indian rulers, the Company maintained its tax harvesting to
         | sustain a high share price."
         | 
         | Ultimately their pillaging and destruction damaged the company.
         | 
         | https://blogs.lse.ac.uk/lsereviewofbooks/2020/01/14/book-rev...
        
           | nextos wrote:
           | At the start of British colonization in India, India's GDP
           | was ~30% of the world's GDP.
           | 
           | This had dropped to 2% by Independence of India in 1947...
           | 
           | I think pillaging is an understatement. It was a systematic
           | transfer of wealth, probably like no other.
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | Well yes and no, that 30% was during a high-point of the
             | Mughal empire and before the widespread development of
             | industrial capitalism. Its certainly the case that Indian
             | society may have turned out differently if not for the
             | British, but maybe not for the better, it was a society
             | descending into factionalism and civil strife as that
             | empire collapsed, the British simply stepped in and took
             | over primarily to secure their trade interests, because
             | they couldn't trust the local kings and warlords to do so
             | anymore. In doing so, and then later establishing a
             | government, they introduced modern medicine, education,
             | roads, the rail network, and other critical infrastructure,
             | as well as industrial capitalism.
             | 
             | This is not to excuse the British, but perhaps India
             | would've been better off without them, perhaps not, the
             | alternative, if there wasn't a single government, could've
             | been a patchwork of dysfunctional extractavist states, like
             | what you see in Africa. It may have been possible for a
             | large south asian society to organize itself in an
             | egalitarian fashion, but unless some miracle happened they
             | would've been overrun by foreign capitalists, who had far
             | more power than any other class in history, because South
             | Asia is incredibly labor and resource rich, and at the time
             | the only parts of the world that had even developed
             | industrial capitalism were in the "west", Europe and the
             | US, not to mention the only place that avoided that fate,
             | Japan--the latter being moreso an exception that proves the
             | rule (and which, after all, turned fascist during WW2).
        
             | _dain_ wrote:
             | i think the industrial revolution happening in the
             | intervening period might have had a little something to do
             | with that
             | 
             | (and don't give me the "bengal was about to
             | industrialize!!!" crap)
        
               | nsenifty wrote:
               | Industrial revolution was funded by the colonies, both in
               | providing resources and the market for the finished
               | goods. For instance, the British starved the local
               | textile industry in Bengal (which had accounted to 30% of
               | global textile market) by exporting the raw cotton back
               | home and dumping the products in India.
        
               | 988747 wrote:
               | [dead]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | miles wrote:
       | Reminded of this Wikipedia entry:
       | 
       | Greco-Buddhism https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greco-Buddhism
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | Were there not Buddhist monks in Egypt too at some point?
        
           | jaldhar wrote:
           | Yes. Romaka in Sanskrit literature is Egyptian Alexandria not
           | Rome as one might think. It was the major port of trade
           | between East and West during the Graeco-Roman era and an
           | intellectual center thanks to the library. Indian
           | philosophers were known to have been present there. (Though,
           | again, we don't precisely precisely know if they were
           | Buddhists or some other sect.)
        
           | rjknight wrote:
           | These people, from whom we get the modern usage of the term
           | "therapy": https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therapeutae
        
             | DiscourseFan wrote:
             | I'm writing a whole thesis right now on the connections
             | between Ancient Indian Philosophy and Psychoanaylsis. It's
             | almost done, maybe I'll post it here for you guys to read.
        
         | macrolocal wrote:
         | Their influence feels notable in Pseudo-Dionysius, especially
         | his Mystical Theology.
        
           | Archelaos wrote:
           | I do not think that there is a direct connection here. There
           | are some vague similarities to some Buddhist doctrins, but
           | that is only very much on the surface. The whole train of
           | thought of Pseudo-Dionysius is Neoplatonic. Pseudo-Dionysius
           | is primarily exploring the limits of theological speech and
           | doctrin with the toolset of "classical" European philosophy
           | and his contemporary theology. Much is just a "Christianed"
           | paraphrase of Proclos.
        
             | libraryatnight wrote:
             | What would I read to better understand what you're
             | discussing here?
        
               | kelseyfrog wrote:
               | If you're the kind of person who likes reading original
               | sources, you're in luck[1]!
               | 
               | > The surviving writings are four treatises and ten
               | letters. The four treatises are: 1) On the divine names
               | (DN) (Peri theion onomaton, in Greek; De Divinis
               | Nominibus, in Latin), the longest work of thirteen
               | chapters that deals with affirmative or kataphatic
               | theology, namely, the names attributed to God the creator
               | in scripture and also in pagan texts, but also exploring
               | the limits of language and therefore also involving
               | negative or apophatic theology. 2) On the celestial
               | hierarchy (CH) (Peri tes ouranias hierarchias, in Greek;
               | De coelesti hierarchia, in Latin), a work that examines
               | how the nine choirs of angels (in scripture) are to be
               | understood in lifting us up to God. 3) On the
               | ecclesiastical hierarchy (EH) (Peri tes ekklestiastikes
               | hierarchias, in Greek; De ecclesiastica hierarchia, in
               | Latin) that examines the various orders and liturgy of
               | the church as relating us to God through a divinely
               | appointed but human hierarchy. And 4) On Mystical
               | theology (MT) (Peri mustikes theologias, in Greek; De
               | mystica theologia, in Latin), a brief but powerful work
               | that deals with negative or apophatic theology and in
               | which theology becomes explicitly "mystical" for the
               | first time in history (By mystical here we do not mean an
               | extraordinary or private experience of transcending one's
               | self in the modern sense of the term, but simply
               | "hidden". On this see Bouyer, 1949; Vanneste, 1959;
               | McGinn 1994). There follow ten letters that provide
               | helpful comments upon topics in the above four treatises,
               | especially letter 9 on what Dionysius calls symbolic
               | theology of which works 2) and 3) above (CH; EH) form a
               | substantial part. The ten letters appear to be arranged
               | in a roughly hierarchical order, letters 1-4 being
               | addressed to a monk (a certain Gaius, also the name of
               | one or more of St. Paul's companions), letter 5 to a
               | deacon, letter 6 to a priest, and letters 7 and 9 to
               | hierarchs or bishops. Letter 8 disrupts this order since
               | it is addressed to a monk charged with disrupting the
               | hierarchical order itself!
               | 
               | I'd expect the Secret History of Western Esotericism
               | Podcast(SHWEP) to cover him at some point in the near
               | future, but the host hasn't quiet reached that point in
               | the timeline yet. When he does, expect a much more
               | digestible source of information.
               | 
               | 1. https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/pseudo-dionysius-
               | areopagi...
        
             | macrolocal wrote:
             | It's a stretch. But remember that Plotinus only signed up
             | to march against the Sassanids to learn Kushan philosophy
             | better! And their ideas on apophatic theology already show
             | up in the Enneads, eg. in his negative treatment of
             | material beings.
        
         | jrumbut wrote:
         | I stumbled on this article by accident some time ago, and I
         | can't recommend it enough.
         | 
         | I'd be interested to hear it appraised by someone whose
         | knowledge of the subject didn't come (primarily) from
         | Wikipedia.
        
       | jaldhar wrote:
       | The individual named in the article was a shramana of some type
       | but more likely to have been a Jain than a Buddhist IMO. Customs
       | such as going about naked and ritual suicide are more established
       | amongst Jains (though not completely unknown amongst Buddhists.)
       | The area around Baruch is a stronghold of Jainism to this day.
        
         | dhruval wrote:
         | For people that didn't make the connection, the inscription
         | says "Zarmanochegas, of Barygaza" which is the greek name for
         | Baruch. (an ancient port city in Western India)
        
       | amriksohata wrote:
       | Many Indians have folklore stories of Jesus visiting India and
       | taking a mix of Buddhist literature, even early days Christianity
       | believed in reincarnation until it was removed. And of course
       | Buddhism took its roots from Hinduism
        
         | edgyquant wrote:
         | > early days Christianity believed in reincarnation until it
         | was removed.
         | 
         | I've never heard of this, do you have some further reading?
        
           | amriksohata wrote:
           | Lots of evidence early Christians believed in it just a
           | sample:
           | 
           | https://epubs.utah.edu/index.php/historia/article/view/578#:.
           | ..
        
             | Bootvis wrote:
             | Your earlier comment generalises a bit too far though. Some
             | early christians is not the same as early Christianity.
             | Interesting fact nonetheless.
        
           | qersist3nce wrote:
           | I'm interested in this too.
           | 
           | I've heard an account, that some Byzantine queen-consort was
           | told by a soothsayer that she (the queen) in her pervious
           | life, was a witch.
           | 
           | So the queen asked/persuaded the king to remove this from
           | Christianity.
        
           | gumby wrote:
           | I admit I'm not too well versed in the literature but I think
           | I learned in world civilization class that one of their gods
           | came back to life (and opened its own tomb and walked out)
           | after ritual execution by the Romans. That puts reincarnation
           | at the center of the story.
        
             | AlecSchueler wrote:
             | Resurrection is different thing than reincarnation though.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Sorry, I am not well versed in the finer subtleties of
               | the domain's jargon.
        
         | selimthegrim wrote:
         | This is usually sourced to the notorious forgeries by Nicholas
         | Notovitch and Holger Kersten, the latter of which especially
         | overlooks the elementary fact about Rozabal (in Srinagar) that
         | "Yuz Asaf" is a very believable gloss of "bodhisattva",
         | especially given medieval Arabic terminology. See Shahristani,
         | al-Biruni, etc.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | GauntletWizard wrote:
         | There are many springs and wells across the UK and Ireland that
         | claim to have been visited by, blessed by, or used by Jesus to
         | perform miracles[1] There's Japanese folklore that Christ
         | visited Japan, and is even buried there[2]. And perhaps most
         | notably, the Mormon church claims that Jesus visited the
         | Americas after his resurrection[3].
         | 
         | Historically, there's no evidence that Jesus travelled more
         | than 200 miles from his birthplace. Folklorically, he's been
         | everywhere that believers have been. Given the supernatural
         | nature of these claims, it seems likely that you should believe
         | whatever you feel is right. It doesn't seem a stretch to his
         | abilities that Jesus appeared to many peoples across many
         | places given the magnitude of his power and purpose, from a
         | christian perspective.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.megalithic.co.uk/article.php?sid=8115 [2]
         | https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/the-little-known-lege...
         | [3]
         | https://www.churchofjesuschrist.org/study/liahona/2008/07/la...
        
         | dragonelite wrote:
         | I think i saw a youtube alt history docu once that postulated
         | that Jesus might have been a buddhist monk.
        
           | colechristensen wrote:
           | Young Jewish man runs into a Buddhist or at least Buddhist
           | ideas in his twenties, spends a while learning about them,
           | comes back to the temple in his thirties and starts telling
           | people how great it would be if they were just nice to each
           | other and maybe focus less on rules and hypocrisy. Gets
           | killed by a Roman state that's worried about uprisings and
           | local Jewish leaders who don't like different ideas. His
           | followers tell stories about him in the following decades
           | focusing on it being better to be poor, repressed, the Roman
           | state feels threatened by a powerful underclass religion so
           | they coopt it, make it the state religion, and shape it to be
           | useful to empire. Ultimately it kind of contributes to the
           | already crumbling empire.
           | 
           | All conjecture but reasonable enough.
           | 
           | If you start with the premise that Jesus was a real person
           | but not divine, I think the real story would look a lot like
           | that.
        
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