[HN Gopher] CERN researchers have observed and generated high-en...
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       CERN researchers have observed and generated high-energy neutrino
       radiation
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 177 points
       Date   : 2023-03-25 16:13 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bigthink.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bigthink.com)
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | If we can both generate and detect neutrinos, we have the basis
       | for a communication device that can operate on a point-to-point
       | basis between any two locations. If Europe wants to send a secret
       | message to Australia, it can point its transmitter towards the
       | ground, and fire the beam through the interior of the Earth. It
       | is very unlikely that there will be anybody in between to
       | intercept the signal.
       | 
       | There may be more practical alternatives of course...
        
         | jeffwass wrote:
         | This was studied decades ago. IIRC the effective bit rate, at
         | least with the detector tech at that time, was insanely slow,
         | like a few bytes per hour (or maybe even per day).
        
           | capableweb wrote:
           | As long as the latency isn't also hours/a day, it could still
           | be useful, even if just one byte, as you could communicate
           | what that byte means out-of-band. So catastrophe-detection
           | systems could use it as an example.
        
             | russdill wrote:
             | If a byte takes 15 minutes, your latency is the time of
             | flight plus 15 minutes.
        
         | SaberTail wrote:
         | If anyone does it, it will be financial firms putting them
         | under stock exchanges to get milliseconds of advantage over
         | anyone following the curvature of the earth.
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | This implies financial feasibility. It still takes a super
           | collider on one end and a detection tank on the other. But
           | one day it might be feasible. I would think a military
           | warning system would be implemented before a financial aid.
        
             | crubier wrote:
             | What value would the military get from knowing a piece of
             | information a few milliseconds faster?
        
               | daveguy wrote:
               | Direct transmission through the earth could be as much as
               | a quarter second faster than around the circumference. A
               | hypersonic missile can travel about a half of a kilometer
               | in a quarter second. So, any application where a half
               | kilometer or quarter second head start might make a
               | difference. The only thing I can think of where the
               | stakes are high enough and timing critical enough is
               | nuclear deterrence. But as hypersonic missiles and planes
               | get faster, there could be other advantages.
        
               | crubier wrote:
               | LEO orbit period is 90min, so it takes at least 40min for
               | a missile to go halfway around the globe.
               | 
               | Going in straight line across the earth at the speed of
               | light takes 42ms. Going around the earth at the speed of
               | light takes 66ms. Let's be extremely pessimistic and
               | double that estimate at 132ms. Going through the earth
               | saved you 90ms in this best case.
               | 
               | You saved 90ms over 40min. A ratio of 0.0000375, or
               | 0.00375%.
               | 
               | There is no way it makes any sense to spend billions to
               | save 0.00375% in response time to an incoming missile.
        
             | copymoro wrote:
             | the shadows are so dark (or the secrecy so
             | official?)....that for all we are able to know, they
             | already done it.
        
               | teawrecks wrote:
               | We would see decisions being made that aren't physically
               | possible with current technology. Also the number of
               | people who would need to keep something like this a
               | secret would be on par with that of a fake moon landing.
               | 
               | If their application of the technology were so secret
               | that we couldn't tell it existed, then it wasn't worth
               | whatever they paid.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > We would see decisions being made that aren't
               | physically possible with current technology.
               | 
               | Or we wouldn't, because it would only be used where an
               | alternative information cover story could be concocted or
               | where the decision and action itself could be kept
               | secret, to avoid exposing the capability.
        
               | serf wrote:
               | >We would see decisions being made that aren't physically
               | possible with current technology.
               | 
               | i'm not aware enough of what any world government is
               | doing at any given time to confidently assert that so
               | easily.
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | Presumably it would be used in the case where a split-
               | second decision is the difference between success and
               | failure.
               | 
               | > If their application of the technology were so secret
               | that we couldn't tell it existed, then it wasn't worth
               | whatever they paid.
               | 
               | I would posit that, were a system like this feasible and
               | already implemented by the military, we wouldn't hear
               | about this until the football has to be activated.
               | 
               | There is no single other decision as monumental and
               | requiring of extremely precise timing. And it's not a
               | decision that is used very often or would be obvious if
               | something "not physically possible" were done since it
               | happens in secret. It's pretty much the perfect usecase
               | for such a technology.
        
               | codetrotter wrote:
               | What is the football?
        
               | mynameisvlad wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_football
        
             | zapdrive wrote:
             | Or a high speed link with all the submarines. It's really
             | hard to communicate with a submarines hundreds of metres
             | under water as radio waves don't go through that much
             | water.
        
             | mabbo wrote:
             | > I would think a military warning system would be
             | implemented before a financial aid.
             | 
             | In this world? Eeeh, I doubt it.
        
           | uf00lme wrote:
           | From my understanding most exchanges put in artificial limits
           | now to ensure anyone with mega bucks for infrastructure are
           | equal
        
             | foota wrote:
             | I think this is on the last mile, but doesn't apply outside
             | of that. E.g., the length of cord in the exchange is the
             | same, but outside of that it's your infrastructure.
        
             | fnordpiglet wrote:
             | Your understanding is false. That's exactly how HRT, Jane,
             | Jump, Millennium make so much money
        
         | klysm wrote:
         | Just need to have a satellite orbiting behind
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > If we can both generate and detect neutrinos, we have the
         | basis for a communication device that can operate on a point-
         | to-point basis between any two locations.
         | 
         | AIUI, you'll need a _much_ bigger detector farther from the
         | beam location, and the bandwidth is going to suck at any range,
         | but, sure, the odds that someone sticks a neutrino detector in
         | the path is pretty low.
        
       | dguest wrote:
       | Direct link to the source:
       | https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/29681/contributions/122474/att...
        
       | hammock wrote:
       | Neutrino bomb incoming? Where can I read about proposed weapons
       | using neutrinos?
        
         | Scarblac wrote:
         | https://what-if.xkcd.com/73/
        
           | throwaway5752 wrote:
           | Great line in this one:
           | 
           |  _[...]The physicist who mentioned this problem to me told me
           | his rule of thumb for estimating supernova-related numbers:
           | However big you think supernovae are, they 're bigger than
           | that.
           | 
           | Here's a question to give you a sense of scale:
           | 
           | Which of the following would be brighter, in terms of the
           | amount of energy delivered to your retina:                 1.
           | A supernova, seen from as far away as the Sun is from the
           | Earth, or            2. The detonation of a hydrogen bomb
           | pressed against your eyeball?
           | 
           | Applying the physicist rule of thumb suggests that the
           | supernova is brighter. And indeed, it is ... by nine orders
           | of magnitude._
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | Direct dosage isn't the only possibility though. Could be
           | used to start a nuclear chain reaction, for example.
           | 
           | We could also find a novel way to unlock the amount of energy
           | required for direct lethal dosage, analogous to how we
           | figured out how to split atoms
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | temp0826 wrote:
             | Start a power plant meltdown or detonate an enemy's weapon
             | stockpiles...from anywhere?
        
               | kadoban wrote:
               | Is there even a theoretical way that this could happen?
               | Seems essentially impossible. The whole thing with
               | neutrinos is they just _don't_ interact with anything
               | except _extremely_ rarely.
        
       | ithkuil wrote:
       | Neutralink
        
       | deadbeat1200s wrote:
       | This is an awesome update. It was only in 2018 that a high energy
       | neutrino was detected by the IceCube Neutrino Observatory (funny
       | name lol) that was traced back to its source, a blazar. This was
       | a active galaxy with a supermassive black hole at its center.
       | That was the first time ever that scientists had identified the
       | source of a high energy neutrino, and now scientists generated a
       | whole new avenue of research in astrophysics with this. :)
        
         | friendlyasparag wrote:
         | IceCube also likes to name their events after Sesame Street
         | characters, so you'd get things like Bert and Ernie events. Not
         | sure if they still do since you eventually run out of
         | characters.
        
           | ouid wrote:
           | its possible you havent been keeping up with sesame street,
           | because no they won't.
        
         | hguant wrote:
         | > IceCube Neutrino Observatory (funny name lol)
         | 
         | It's also an incredibly descriptive and literal name - the
         | observatory is a cubic kilometer of photosensitive detectors
         | frozen in ice at the south pole. When a neutrino interacts with
         | the ice, it produces cherenkov radiation, which can be detected
         | and sent up the chain to a server to classify what was actually
         | detected.
        
         | cubefox wrote:
         | I think that the unusual thing was that they identified
         | _extragalactic_ neutrinos.
        
         | sonofaragorn wrote:
         | The energy of the IceCube neutrinos is 2 to 4 orders of
         | magnitude higher than the ones detected by this experiment. But
         | this is still cool because it's the highest energy neutrinos
         | detected from man-made sources.
         | 
         | See slide 13 here:
         | https://indico.in2p3.fr/event/29681/contributions/122474/att...
        
       | rsynnott wrote:
       | > they have observed and _generated in the laboratory_
       | 
       | [Insert mandatory Three Body Problem reference here]
        
         | Gooblebrai wrote:
         | To be honest, I've read the first and second books and not
         | entirely sure what you mean.
        
           | booleandilemma wrote:
           | There's a scene at the end of the second book where the
           | aliens offer to build a neutrino communication device for
           | humans but the humans opt for one that uses gravity waves
           | instead. It's a very brief reference, I don't know why the
           | parent would have brought it up.
        
             | rsynnott wrote:
             | Yeah, I was misremembering; I thought they actually did end
             | up using high energy neutrinos.
        
           | oblak wrote:
           | I am finishing up the third one and also have no idea.
           | 
           | Many people have thought about neutrino comms
        
       | OnlyRepliesToBS wrote:
       | [dead]
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-26 23:02 UTC)