[HN Gopher] Hospitals are reporting new mothers for neglect from...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Hospitals are reporting new mothers for neglect from poppyseed
       false positives
        
       Author : fortran77
       Score  : 162 points
       Date   : 2023-03-25 17:45 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reason.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reason.com)
        
       | chris_wot wrote:
       | I once went to the hospital with my fiance. The doctor insisted
       | on a pregnancy test before an xray, despite my fiance insisting
       | she was celibate.
       | 
       | I'll never forget the look of horror on the nurses face when she
       | found out what he was requiring.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | My wife has already passed through menopause, but they still
         | insisted on a pregnancy test before back surgery recently.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | Being post-menopause is almost 100%, not quite 100%.
           | 
           | https://healthnews.com/womens-health/menopause/can-you-
           | get-p...
           | 
           | > Generally speaking, postmenopausal pregnancy is unlikely,
           | although not entirely impossible. HRT will not trigger the
           | ovaries to produce new eggs. If a woman has remaining eggs
           | after menopause, HRT might trigger the release of an egg.
           | There are few reports of postmenopausal women conceiving
           | naturally, but this is very rare.
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | That's totally different situation ethically.
         | 
         | He was open and made a recommended investigation contingent or
         | knowledge of the risks.
         | 
         | And she could decide the invasiveness of peeing on a stick is
         | not worth the benefit of being able to have an x-ray.
         | 
         | On the other hand no offer was made. A test was illegally
         | applied (even if you can force someone to have a test they must
         | know about it), incorrectly interpreted with unjustly severe
         | outcome.
         | 
         | Also, you can be a celibate lesbian nun and in some countries
         | you can't get prescribed valproate without having a coil or
         | implant. Seems much more problematic.
        
       | nullc wrote:
       | I'd love to see a study that tried to estimate to that extent
       | absurd, invasive, and overly protective nannie policies cause
       | people to choose to not have children at all, contributing to
       | declining birth rates?
       | 
       | How many kids never get to exist at all because the government
       | and other institutions have made it ever more obnoxious, even
       | personally dangerous, to have one?
        
         | BoxFour wrote:
         | probably close to zero?
         | 
         | There's considerable debate over whether even China's "One
         | Child" policy had any direct effect or it just happened to
         | coincide with a natural decline in birth rates that would've
         | happened in China regardless.
         | 
         | If it's not even clear that an incredibly blunt government
         | policy had that much of a direct effect, I'm not sure what
         | research could possibly turn up for other nations.
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | > whether even China's "One Child" policy had any direct
           | effect or it just happened to coincide with a natural decline
           | in birth rates
           | 
           | Surely you jest: https://www.chinadaily.com.cn/china/images/a
           | ttachement/jpg/s...
           | 
           | How does natural decline in birth rates explain the massive
           | shift towards male children not experienced in other
           | developing nations?
        
             | BoxFour wrote:
             | Birth rates are not the same thing as gender disparity,
             | obviously.
        
             | AngryData wrote:
             | On the other hand, ive also heard a decent amount about
             | native undocumented Chinese women from the same policies. A
             | large number of undocumented native Chinese women popped
             | into existence from those policies when they started
             | reaching college age, and others into corporate business
             | which we do know about. But how many more merely work local
             | service jobs under the table, or got married and became a
             | homemaker. Living in a more rural area with a more
             | traditional lifestyle would already have incentivized women
             | into those rolls, and then more would just want to stay
             | hidden for fear of government appraisal, and there is no
             | clear or obvious record of those people.
        
         | MiguelX413 wrote:
         | Any examples of such policies?
        
           | nullc wrote:
           | Here is an article that discusses policy/fertility
           | interactions in Canada https://thehub.ca/2023-03-14/counting-
           | up-canadas-missing-kid...
           | 
           | But the examples I had in mind were parents getting
           | prosecuted for letting their children outside unsupervised
           | (several stories on HN in the last year or two), or examples
           | in this thread like overzealous mandatory reporting in the
           | original article or someones pediatric doctor becoming a
           | problem after asking if they have guns in their home.
           | 
           | Anecdotally I know people for whom concerns about invasive
           | bureaucracies caused them to choose to delay or not have
           | children, as well as people who relocated to places which
           | they thought had better practices before doing so. Anecdotes
           | don't count for much but I think it's not controversial that
           | have many policies that are ineffective. Any policy that
           | doesn't actually protect children but imposes a risk or cost
           | on parents is probably a net reduction on the production of
           | new adults, but maybe only a very small one.
        
       | petermcneeley wrote:
       | "She had no idea that her urine would be tested for drugs, which
       | resulted in a terrifying, monthslong investigation aimed at
       | determining if she was a fit mother." I dont think she should be
       | surprised; you give up rights when you become incarcerated.
        
         | chrisbolt wrote:
         | Where did it say they were incarcerated?
        
       | perakojotgenije wrote:
       | The image in the text shows a bagel with some poppy seed
       | sprinkled on it. If I compare that to poppy seed strudel[0] the
       | amount of seed on that picture is laughable. I wonder what would
       | the test show after a few slices of said strudel. Are those
       | strudels available in USA?
       | 
       | [0]https://www.google.com/search?q=poppy+seed+strudel&hl=hr&sxs..
       | .
        
         | dghlsakjg wrote:
         | Definitely available in the states.
         | 
         | I had to do a USA federally mandated drug test for a license
         | once and one of the questions they ask before administering is
         | if you have had poppy seeds recently.
        
         | phil21 wrote:
         | These exist, although pretty rare these days to come across
         | them in my experience.
         | 
         | You can still get the filling by the can in most grocery
         | stores. Nothing like a warm poppy seed kolache...
        
       | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
       | Didn't we all learn of the dangers of poppy seeds in that very
       | special episode of Seinfeld?
       | 
       | How could the hospital possibly not know about the false
       | positives?
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | sublinear wrote:
       | How is this still a problem with drug tests? This has been
       | happening for decades now.
        
         | Angostura wrote:
         | I presume because the seeds do contain trace amounts.
         | 
         | ISTR New Scientist doing a fun article many decades ago about
         | all the psychoactive items in a traditional British afternoon
         | tea. Quite a lot of laudanum in some varieties of lettuce
        
         | sigstoat wrote:
         | it's mostly a problem with screens, simple, inexpensive tests
         | that should only be used a precursor to running an expensive
         | test involving mass spectrometers.
         | 
         | usually the manufacturer of the screening test mentions this in
         | the documentation, that nobody feels like reading. certainly
         | not the administrators implementing/enforcing the policies.
        
         | freeone3000 wrote:
         | Heroin is made from poppy seeds. We decided that eating small
         | amounts of the seeds is delicious, and injecting small amounts
         | of the paste is multi-year prison sentence. The test can only
         | test for (a protein found in) the seeds.
        
           | efnx wrote:
           | Heroin isn't made from poppy seeds, it's made from the latex
           | secreted by the seed pod. but yeah, other than that detail,
           | agreed.
        
         | bongoman37 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | Because it isn't really a problem with the tests but rather the
         | interpretation of the test. They're not actually false
         | positives -- poppy seeds do contain opiates. The problem is
         | assuming that detecting opiates at a very low level implies a
         | drug habit and not a deli habit
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Airport security and this are strongly parallel. Both a kind of
       | theater. Nobody believes it but we're all forced to play along.
        
       | animitronix wrote:
       | These hospitals need to be sued out of existence.
        
         | reaperducer wrote:
         | Chances are the hospitals are following the law. A hospital
         | isn't going to risk losing its license because someone ate the
         | wrong muffin at the wrong time.
         | 
         | They don't "need to be sued out of existence" any more than
         | their thousands of patients need to have their healthcare
         | provider yanked out from under them.
         | 
         | The law should be changed to give them some discretion.
        
           | dahdum wrote:
           | > To guard against false positives, the Mandatory Guidelines
           | for Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, published in
           | 2017, require a codeine cutoff of 2,000 nanograms per
           | milliliter of urine. But the Hackensack University Medical
           | Center's lab, according to Kate's complaint, used a cutoff of
           | 300 ng/ml, less than one-sixth the federal standard. Virtua
           | Voorhees Hospital's lab, according to Kaitlin's complaint,
           | used a cutoff of just 10 ng/ml, 99.5 percent lower than the
           | recommended level.
           | 
           | This makes them look pretty negligent.
        
           | gbear605 wrote:
           | According to the article, they're acting much more strictly
           | than the law requires (or recommends).
        
           | Brian_K_White wrote:
           | They are not following the law.
           | 
           | The law declares a specific threshold concentration level,
           | and they are using a level 1/200th of that. They absolutely
           | should suffer severe recompense and punative damages for
           | doing that.
           | 
           | Laws should not allow discretion. That is how you get abuse
           | and discrimination through selective enforcement. If a law
           | would be intolerable and inhumane with 100% enforcement, then
           | that is how you know it shouldn't exist in the first place,
           | and is in fact still intolerable and inhumane even with
           | discretion and selective enforcement.
           | 
           | In this case, the law doesn't in fact exist, and no selective
           | enforcement is needed. The law already does not say that
           | eating poppy seeds is illegal, because that doesn't approach
           | the level to trigger the law.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | Greeks had this procedure where you had to wear a noose have
           | you planned to propose a new law. That one would be
           | appropriate here.
        
         | whyenot wrote:
         | No. If the goal is to stop this practice, then the doctors and
         | administrators responsible should lose their licenses and be
         | criminally prosecuted. Money and civil cases do not solve all
         | problems. The responsible parties must be accountable for their
         | criminal actions.
        
         | logicalmonster wrote:
         | Suing the hospitals sounds like a fine idea, but nothing that
         | strikes at the root of the problem.
         | 
         | So long as the War on Drugs exists, you're going to have dumb
         | as shit people interpreting dumb as shit rules in dumb as shit
         | ways.
         | 
         | You have to choose between having a War On Drugs, or accept
         | that there will always be nasty, unintended consequences to it.
        
       | pjdemers wrote:
       | They don't watch Mythbusters?
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MIN7cq8Mc-4 Or Seinfield?
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mYzuQr7YVYg
        
       | dcchambers wrote:
       | Forget the fact that these hospitals should be aware of the fact
       | poppyseeds can cause false positives, they _never_ should have
       | administered an unauthorized drug test in the first place. That
       | 's more horrifying IMO.
        
         | ipnon wrote:
         | It does make some sense to drug test patients, and a doctor
         | does have the wide authority to order tests with some manner of
         | invasiveness. Patients don't want to disclose illegal drug use,
         | even though these drugs do interact with administered
         | therapies.
        
           | indymike wrote:
           | > a doctor does have the wide authority to order tests with
           | some manner of invasivene
           | 
           | False. A doctor has zero ability to order tests without
           | patient consent (or consent of a guardian) in the US.
           | 
           | > Patients don't want to disclose illegal drug use,
           | 
           | This is why medical care should NEVER be directly connected
           | to law enforcement or make conclusions. For a care provider
           | to thing that a patient waking up, handcuffed will make that
           | patient EVER come back for care again is insanity. Medicine
           | should not be about punishment, ever.
        
             | nullc wrote:
             | > False. A doctor has zero ability to order tests without
             | patient consent (or consent of a guardian) in the US.
             | 
             | Ability isn't the right word, because they absolutely do
             | it. It's unethical and perhaps illegal in some places, but
             | they are _able_.
             | 
             | I've personally been administered a test non-consensually:
             | I showed up at a hospital with severe pancreatitis, the
             | doctors seemed convinced it was due to alcoholism but I
             | (and my partner who they questioned privately) both
             | reported that I don't drink at all. After several days they
             | suddenly started aggressively treating me, performing
             | tests, etc. I wondered what changed and got hold of my
             | chart-- without my knowledge or consent they took a hair
             | test to assay long term alcohol use and suddenly wanted to
             | treat me when it came back negative.
             | 
             | I get that they needed to exclude an obvious potential
             | cause and couldn't trust the patient to give an honest
             | answer... but the non-consensual test really destroyed my
             | trust. Of course, if they'd asked I would have readily
             | agreed and it isn't as if their skepticism wasn't already
             | apparent.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | > It's unethical and perhaps illegal in some places, but
               | they are able.
               | 
               | Able does not always refer to physical ability. It can
               | refer to legal ability.
        
               | SilasX wrote:
               | To the chagrin of "may I"/"can I" pedants everywhere...
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | In the US system, do you get to pay for the pleasure of
               | having a test you don't want?
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | > _I get that they needed to exclude an obvious potential
               | cause and couldn 't trust the patient to give an honest
               | answer_
               | 
               | I disagree with this resigned acceptance to medical
               | paternalism. The basic situation is that you are the
               | patient, and all care should be per your direction. The
               | doctors' responsibility is to treat you based on what
               | you've told them. If you're actually lying, the
               | responsibility for misdiagnosis rests entirely on you.
               | 
               | Doctors hedging against a patient lying should only ever
               | be considered within this larger backdrop. For example
               | independent of the nonconsensual sample and testing, it
               | was severely unethical for them to have delayed your care
               | by several days while indulging their own curiosity.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > False. A doctor has zero ability to order tests without
             | patient consent (or consent of a guardian) in the US.
             | 
             | Hospitals generally require a very broad consent at
             | admission.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Hizonner wrote:
               | Advance consent isn't legally _or_ ethically valid unless
               | it 's informed and the procedure is actually medically
               | necessary and appropriate. Being tested actively contrary
               | to your own interests would never, ever qualify.
        
             | Scoundreller wrote:
             | > A doctor has zero ability to order tests without patient
             | consent (or consent of a guardian) in the US.
             | 
             | Huh? So if they pickup my comatose body in an alley, the
             | doctor (or medic!) can't take test my blood sugar?
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | That falls under implied consent. In the case where youre
               | unable to give consent, medical providers are given
               | license to provide care that would be considered
               | reasonable and necessary given your condition. Once you
               | are conscious you can withdraw consent for treatment at
               | any time.
               | 
               | A secret drug test on a conscious person who is not
               | showing symptoms of intoxication is pretty far outside of
               | the limits of implied consent.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | People can be dependent on all kinds of drugs without
               | symptoms of intoxication.
               | 
               | Irrelevant to know for say, a job (if you can do the
               | work; who cares?) but could be quite relevant if you're
               | hospitalized, or your new child needs to be treated for
               | withdrawal from it.
        
               | dghlsakjg wrote:
               | That's irrelevant to legality, which is what I was
               | talking about.
               | 
               | Medical consent is more complicated than just this, and
               | what you're talking about crosses into doctor patient
               | confidentiality as well.
               | 
               | Suffice it to say that testing patients without informed
               | consent and sharing that data with law enforcement is not
               | something that most ethical review boards would condone.
               | 
               | From a practical and moral point of view this kind of
               | incident is what keeps people from telling their doctor
               | all of the relevant information for best care. If you
               | have a drug problem and think a medical provider will
               | work to have your child taken away if you are honest
               | about it, will you ever seek treatment or be honest?
               | 
               | If you don't have a drug problem, but still think that
               | what you say to your doctor or kids doctor will get used
               | against you, will you hesitate to get care in the future?
               | 
               | Do you think these mothers will ever interact with
               | another pediatrician with full trust again?
        
               | deberon wrote:
               | What's the withdrawal like coming off lemon poppy seed
               | muffins? Poor kids.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | Probably nothing with the cutoffs they're using here, but
               | neonatal opioid abstinence syndrome is absolutely a
               | thing. And not all necessarily by "drug addict" mothers,
               | but lots of legitimate long-term opiate use. But one
               | would hope they would be up-front about the latter at
               | least.
        
               | indymike wrote:
               | In this case the guardian is either the person who
               | brought you in or the hospital itself.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | No, some rando that comes across your comatose body in an
               | alley isn't your guardian.
        
           | StanislavPetrov wrote:
           | >doctor does have the wide authority to order tests with some
           | manner of invasiveness.
           | 
           | That they have the authority doesn't mean they _should_ have
           | the authority. There is nothing more sacrosanct that bodily
           | autonomy. It doesn 't matter if the doctor "knows better" or
           | the medical testing you don't opt in for could potentially
           | lead to worse medical outcomes for you. If you are an adult,
           | it should be your right to decide what testing and procedures
           | are performed on you - full stop.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | Informed consent is still important.
           | 
           | testing for drugs, and then reporting them is a gross fucking
           | violation of patient privacy rights.
        
             | candiodari wrote:
             | How much do you want to bet that social services has an
             | exception to this? Such an exception would enable them to
             | make extra money and "think of the children" ...
        
         | weaksauce wrote:
         | yeah that's really insane... this has to violate some kind of
         | ethics standards that is actionable.
        
           | psychphysic wrote:
           | In the Beauchamp and Childress biomedical ethics model it's
           | autonomy.
           | 
           | Typically this would require a court order.
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | How do we know they are false positives?
       | 
       | Of course someone being reported for neglect is going to lie.
       | What proof do they have that it was poppy seeds? Do they have
       | hair tests etc showing zero opiate use?
        
         | Xorakios wrote:
         | In the cases mentioned in the Reason article, all 3 mothers had
         | hair tests showing zero opiate use.
        
         | thriftwy wrote:
         | There's much worse problem that when the poppy seed false
         | positives get enough exposure, real criminals are going to use
         | poppy seed doubt, and get away with it it their lawyers are
         | good enough.
         | 
         | You are not winning with this.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | Actually, that's a damn good idea. Have a urine test hanging
           | over your head? Eat some poppy bagels.
           | 
           | So if you get flagged then you have plausible deniability.
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | That's works until the prosecution is asking the jury to
             | consider why you refused a subsequent opiate hair test.
        
               | swayvil wrote:
               | Full-body-depilatory is part of my gender-identity.
               | Contradict me and face the twitter wrath.
        
               | thriftwy wrote:
               | So just shave it all in advance.
        
         | JaimeThompson wrote:
         | Much the same level of reasoning has been used as a
         | justification to remove anonymity from the Internet.
        
         | ergonaught wrote:
         | So, that's your takeaway?
         | 
         | You're not concerned about nonconsensual drug testing and
         | reporting to state agencies.
         | 
         | You just think maybe the women are liars?
        
         | jklinger410 wrote:
         | Focusing on the wrong part of the problem, lol
        
         | veec_cas_tant wrote:
         | It's in the article:
         | 
         | >The day after Kate learned that she was suspected of using
         | opioids--five days after she gave birth--the hospital "refused
         | to discharge" her, the complaint says. That afternoon, DCPP
         | caseworkers separately interrogated Kate and her husband,
         | Jesse. Kate agreed to a second urine test, which came up
         | negative. She was finally released that evening, but her baby
         | did not come home until October 1, "ten days after her birth
         | and five days after DCPP cleared Kate to bring her baby home."
         | 
         | > Although the DCPP "cleared Kate and Jesse to take baby A.L.
         | home," the hospital kept the baby for another five days, and
         | the agency's investigation continued. It included a "Certified
         | Alcohol and Drug Counseling evaluation" and yet another urine
         | test, which was "negative for all substances." In November,
         | Kate received a letter saying the DCPP had concluded that "the
         | allegation of neglect was 'unfounded.'"
        
           | Hizonner wrote:
           | >The day after Kate learned that she was suspected of using
           | opioids--five days after she gave birth--the hospital
           | "refused to discharge" her, the complaint says.
           | 
           | That was unlawful detention, by the way. By fraud, under
           | false color of authority, and/or by force. They have no
           | authority to hold anybody against their will (with very
           | specific exceptions having to do with mental state and _not_
           | applicable here).
           | 
           | > She was finally released that evening, but her baby did not
           | come home until October 1, "ten days after her birth and five
           | days after DCPP cleared Kate to bring her baby home."
           | 
           | That was kidnapping, by the way.
           | 
           | We're talking about actual felonies here. Not that you can
           | get prosecutors interested in that kind of crime, but it's
           | still true.
        
         | klyrs wrote:
         | Presumption of guilt, demanding proof of innocence, is not
         | justice.
        
         | 10000truths wrote:
         | Because the presumption of innocence is a cornerstone of our
         | legal framework. It's been well known for a while now that
         | poppy seeds can trigger false positive results in a drug test,
         | and it's not a particularly uncommon component of foodstuffs,
         | so it constitutes reasonable doubt.
        
       | civilized wrote:
       | Horrible, but, completely unrelated question. How much poppy seed
       | would I need to eat to get high?
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | I think you misspelled "poppy".
         | 
         | It depends on what strain, and whether they've been cooked into
         | a bagel or are uncooked:
         | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fchem.2020.0073...
         | 
         | > In this work, it was found that in harvested poppy seeds, and
         | thermally processed poppy seeds (with and without a food
         | matrix), if used in normal levels would not exceed the
         | recommended acute reference dose. It was also shown that the
         | levels of all alkaloids reduce when thermally processed, in
         | comparison with harvested, untreated seeds.
         | 
         | But basically a lot. Which is why poppies are processed for
         | heroin. Not eaten straight.
        
         | CapstanRoller wrote:
         | I won't answer the question directly, but I will say that it is
         | possible and that you shouldn't try:
         | 
         | many people have died while doing this, because the seeds carry
         | an unknown and highly variable amount of poppy latex. One may
         | use some amount and feel nothing, but later use the same amount
         | with a different batch of seeds and rapidly OD (usually fatal
         | for opioid naive people).
         | 
         | This is especially a problem due to the potentially long delay
         | of come-up, which is why many folks die after redosing
         | (believing that the first dose did nothing or wasn't
         | sufficient).
         | 
         | Lastly, baked goods containing poppy seeds do not pose any
         | danger, as high heat destroys basically all the alkaloids.
        
         | srean wrote:
         | You will probably die trying if you go that route. The 'high'
         | chemicals are in the fleshy, sappy part of the fruit. Some
         | traces may remain on the seed.
        
           | Scoundreller wrote:
           | Ehhhhh, not always:
           | 
           | https://www.foodsafetynews.com/2022/11/poppy-seeds-not-
           | meant...
        
             | srean wrote:
             | I am not sure whether you were agreeing with me or
             | refuting, but the article you linked vindicates my stand --
             | you may die trying and not get a hit.
        
               | Scoundreller wrote:
               | This time it was a high-thebaine batch, but no reason it
               | couldn't have been a high-morphine batch.
               | 
               | The thebaine is found in the pod the same way as morphine
               | is, not the seed itself. But if the seeds aren't washed
               | enough and the variety isn't a low alkaloid one...
               | 
               | Not sure how much the manufacturers test. Obviously one
               | wasn't testing for thebaine.
        
           | CapstanRoller wrote:
           | The chemicals are on the seeds as well, sometimes to a
           | significant degree, unless they're processed before sale.
           | You're right about the danger of trying it.
        
         | coffeebeqn wrote:
         | Making opium is extremely easy. Basically you grow legal poppy
         | flowers and cut a small incision in the seed pod and collect
         | the sap. Then you dry it and you're ready to start your own den
        
         | mannschott wrote:
         | I've had a lot of Mohnstrudel (Poppy Seed Strudel) in Austria
         | [1]. You won't get high; you'll just get diabetes. ;-)
         | 
         | https://kochen.kerpe.at/wp-content/uploads/2020/02/Mohnstrud...
        
       | swayvil wrote:
       | Opium users are the new agents of satan. Ripe for scapegoating
       | and asset forfeiture.
       | 
       | It's a symptom of social pressure. Like when the ratcage gets too
       | crowded and they start eating each other.
        
       | A4ET8a8uTh0 wrote:
       | Eh. I kinda understand the origin of semi-nanny state US has been
       | turning into. Medical facility is just one of the places that can
       | ( and sometimes is legally obligated to ) report you for even
       | suspected transgression. The rules are sometimes difficult to
       | follow to the letter so the general approach is to 'report and
       | let god sort them out' ( in the case of financial industry, if
       | you are interested in Orwellian language, it was called
       | 'defensive' filing ).
       | 
       | This is where we are. We are not here by accident. Each time a
       | 'feel good' proposal was made, 'for the children' argument
       | countered any reasoned argument against it. I am a parent and I
       | already had a taste of this intrusion into my life by our kid's
       | doctor ( she asked me whether I have guns in my house -- and my
       | wife answered before I could even say 'It is not your business'
       | ).
       | 
       | It is going to get worse until it sufficiently pisses off the
       | population. We are not there yet.
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | There are at least 5 separate issues at play here, but the one
       | most front-and-center in my mind is that under no circumstance
       | should any medical procedure be done on any person in the US
       | without informed consent of the person, their guardian, or their
       | medical PoA.
       | 
       | Even if a procedure is "medically necessary", that does not give
       | doctors the permission to do that procedure without your informed
       | consent. When a procedure is not "medically necessary", it's even
       | worse. There are people who refuse "medically necessary"
       | procedures every day in this country on numerous different
       | grounds, including religious grounds, and this is deeply legally
       | protected and well upheld in case law.
       | 
       | There is no valid justification for the behavior of these
       | hospitals.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | Collection of a sample could generously be considered a medical
         | "procedure" done on a person. But if a sample has already been
         | collected for other purposes, testing said sample for an
         | additional purpose can't be even generously said to be a
         | medical procedure done on a person.
         | 
         | The lack of informed consent as to what will happen with a
         | collected sample is the thing. It's also incredibly stupid, as
         | without informed consent a person can't think to tell the
         | collector that they've recently eaten a poppyseed bagel, and
         | thus their results will be tainted.
        
           | 015a wrote:
           | Insurance companies would _absolutely_ classify each specific
           | test done on a specimen as a medical procedure. Each one
           | costs money.
        
       | PragmaticPulp wrote:
       | > To guard against false positives, the Mandatory Guidelines for
       | Federal Workplace Drug Testing Programs, published in 2017,
       | require a codeine cutoff of 2,000 nanograms per milliliter of
       | urine. But the Hackensack University Medical Center's lab,
       | according to Kate's complaint, used a cutoff of 300 ng/ml, less
       | than one-sixth the federal standard. Virtua Voorhees Hospital's
       | lab, according to Kaitlin's complaint, used a cutoff of just 10
       | ng/ml, 99.5 percent lower than the recommended level.
       | 
       | Using a cutoff that is 200 times more strict than standard drug
       | testing practices without giving the patient any warning that
       | they'll be tested (and guidance to avoid poppy seed foods) is
       | asking for false positives.
       | 
       | Given that the other cases resulted in six-figure settlements,
       | it's surprising that this practice continues.
        
         | LeoPanthera wrote:
         | > Using a cutoff that is 200 times more strict than standard
         | drug testing practices without giving the patient any warning
         | that they'll be tested (and guidance to avoid poppy seed foods)
         | is asking for false positives.
         | 
         | Occam's razor must apply here. They know what they're doing,
         | and doing it intentionally.
        
           | bmmayer1 wrote:
           | Shouldn't Hanlon's razor apply here instead? "Never attribute
           | to malice that which is adequately explained by stupidity"
        
             | victor9000 wrote:
             | Stupidity is the perfect alibi of malice.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | HarryHirsch wrote:
             | von Hammerstein-Equord, commander of the _Reichswehr_ in
             | the early 1930s was more focussed on outcomes:  "One must
             | beware of anyone who is both stupid and hardworking; he
             | must not be entrusted with any responsibility because he
             | will always only cause damage."
        
             | px43 wrote:
             | Both can be true. The hospitals are doing it intentionally
             | because some misguided stupid people think they're saving
             | the world.
        
             | hattar wrote:
             | Interestingly, both could apply here.
        
             | watwut wrote:
             | At some point, one must stop playing perpetually naive
             | Pollyanna and start making realistic guesses.
        
             | LeoPanthera wrote:
             | The past few years have convinced me quite strongly that
             | malice is sometimes, even often, the correct explanation.
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | I think we're too slow to call it malice sometimes,
               | aren't we? If it doesn't look cartoonishly evil we
               | ascribe it to other intentions, I mean. While it would be
               | more bold to just call it evil, such as: evil by
               | neglience, evil by greed, etc.
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >While it would be more bold to just call it evil, such
               | as: evil by neglience, evil by greed, etc.
               | 
               | It might be more bold _right now_ , but the net effect of
               | expanding words to mean stuff it didn't mean before is
               | that words get even more watered down. If "evil" includes
               | people acting negligently, what do you call people who
               | were actually intentionally out to cause harm? Super-
               | evil?
        
               | kzrdude wrote:
               | That's not what I wanted to say. It depends on the
               | situation. Not all neglience is evil, of course not. Not
               | all greed is evil, either.
        
               | andrewflnr wrote:
               | Yeah, but even then usually someone has to benefit. I
               | don't see who benefits. Drug investigators? Picking an
               | arbitrary cutoff looks like plausible stupidity to me...
               | Which is not to say the hospital shouldn't be punished
               | harshly, just that probably no one should go to jail
               | either.
        
               | morkalork wrote:
               | No idea who really benefits but there's been scandals
               | like this before:
               | https://www.washingtonpost.com/news/morning-
               | mix/wp/2018/02/2...
               | https://projects.thestar.com/motherisk/
        
               | hgsgm wrote:
               | Sometimes stupid people are malicious, muddying attempts
               | to distinguish.
        
               | doctor_eval wrote:
               | Sufficiently advanced stupidity is indistinguishable from
               | malice... and vice versa.
        
         | dahdum wrote:
         | In the complaint we can see she tested at just _18_ nanograms.
         | Utterly negligent.
         | 
         | > No one explained the details of the test results to Kaitlin
         | at the time, but Kaitlin later learned that the second test
         | conducted on her urine sample reported a finding of 18
         | nanograms of codeine per milliliter of the sample (18 ng/mL).
         | The laboratory testing Kaitlin's sample employed a cutoff of 10
         | ng/mL to determine whether a sample was positive for codeine, a
         | testing cutoff level that is dramatically lower than
         | recommended in Federal guidelines.
         | 
         | https://www.aclu-nj.org/sites/default/files/field_documents/...
        
         | StrangeATractor wrote:
         | > Given that the other cases resulted in six-figure
         | settlements, it's surprising that this practice continues.
         | 
         | Honestly that sounds pretty low.
        
           | encryptluks2 wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | nullc wrote:
         | > Given that the other cases resulted in six-figure
         | settlements, it's surprising that this practice continues.
         | 
         | a six figure settlement is a rounding error for these
         | institutions. Given their inefficiency it could easily cost
         | many times that just to change their practices and train
         | doctors to not do the wrong thing.
         | 
         | Funding incentives for child welfare agencies also encourage
         | them to cast a wide net (and miseducated mandatory reporters).
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Mandatory reporters might be reporting everything, not out of
           | miseducation, but rather out of fear of overzealous
           | prosecutors.
        
           | dahdum wrote:
           | > a six figure settlement is a rounding error for these
           | institutions. Given their inefficiency it could easily cost
           | many times that just to change their practices and train
           | doctors to not do the wrong thing.
           | 
           | They refused to discharge the mother for days and kept the
           | baby in the NICU for an extra week. Average cost per day for
           | the NICU is ~$3k/day. Six-figure settlements aren't enough if
           | they get away with it frequently.
        
           | MikeDelta wrote:
           | I seriously hope they sue and get an 8 figure settlement, or
           | even more. And legal consequences for those involved.
        
         | giantg2 wrote:
         | Sounds like the hospital is subjecting mothers to damages
         | through their negligence.
        
           | candiodari wrote:
           | No, Youth Services is doing that. The hospital is just
           | referring them, as they are legally obliged to do, and making
           | extra money in the process ...
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | CPS is generally required to investigate any complaint and
             | follow a protocol. The hospital doesn't have a failed drug
             | test since it doesn't meet the guidelines. They're only
             | required to report if they reasonably believe the mother is
             | using drugs. Tests below the guideline level don't provide
             | that basis. It's an unnecessary/false report.
             | 
             | It's the same way that courts grant protection orders or
             | red flag orders - they're supposed to use the basis of
             | something being more likely than not. Yet they consistently
             | "err on the side of caution" and simply grant the order
             | even though it's not actually likely to occur in most
             | cases. Thus we see some lawyers advising their clients to
             | file orders without basis during divorce to gain leverage.
             | I'd love to see the numbers, but I would guess the process
             | is abused or misruled on more often than it's used
             | correctly.
        
               | candiodari wrote:
               | I find this to be very typical of CPS. As they report
               | themselves, they miss the large majority of actual child
               | abuse (and one reason often cited, that children and
               | parents agree actual child abuse is less of a problem ...
               | than CPS. So everyone lies to CPS, and they're
               | essentially only used as a means to hurt others, for
               | example in divorce).
               | 
               | You'd think the reaction to this problem would be to
               | seriously downsize CPS, and raise the threshold for
               | involvement. The opposite is happening.
        
           | behringer wrote:
           | Also sounds like a phi violation.
        
         | coffeebeqn wrote:
         | The hospital we had our last birth at have fentanyl through the
         | epidural or some kind of opiate orally. I really wonder how
         | they can even run these tests unless they don't use any opiates
        
           | Centigonal wrote:
           | Despite agonizing the same receptors, fentanyl is chemically
           | very different from poppy alkaloids like codeine.
        
             | messe wrote:
             | Ok, but how do they rule out codeine usage while pregnant?
             | I'm not sure about the US, but in Ireland, small doses of
             | codeine + ibuprofen or paracetamol (acetaminophen) are
             | readily available from pharmacies without a prescription,
             | and as far as I'm aware they're not strictly recommended
             | against during pregnancy.
        
               | kevviiinn wrote:
               | Tylenol 3 is not available in the US without a
               | prescription, no formulation of codeine is. Besides poppy
               | seed bagels, that is
        
               | ChaseMeAway wrote:
               | Interestingly a few states do offer a Codeine cough syrup
               | without a prescription[0].
               | 
               | From the article: "Codeine regulation varies widely
               | across countries and states. In some states, including
               | North Carolina, Florida, Oklahoma, and Iowa,1,2
               | pharmacists can dispense a small quantity of cough syrup
               | containing codeine OTC. Based on individual state law,
               | this information may not be logged into the prescription
               | drug monitoring program, which may contribute to
               | providers being unaware of their patients' use of
               | codeine."
               | 
               | This is an exceedingly rare practice in the US however.
               | 
               | [0]https://www.pharmacytimes.com/view/behind-the-counter-
               | codein...
        
               | kevviiinn wrote:
               | Interesting, I wasn't aware of codeine being available
               | OTC in the US. Thank you!
        
               | messe wrote:
               | Interesting. As far as I know only the combinations with
               | a higher strength codeine are prescription only in
               | Ireland. It's the same in the UK, as far as I know
               | (presumably because it would be nigh impossible to
               | prevent small amounts of cross-border smuggling with the
               | North)z
               | 
               | Most opiates on the other hand, would be rarely
               | prescribed by doctors
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | My experience is women hoard Tylenol 3 to use for period
               | pain.
        
               | kevviiinn wrote:
               | It would have had to been prescribed in the first place
               | then, no?
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | Gibbon1 wrote:
               | Women also trade them to each other. And they get
               | prescribed surprising often.
        
               | ksenzee wrote:
               | Interesting, are you located outside the US? I've lived
               | in Washington state, Utah, Maryland, and briefly in
               | Missouri and Massachusetts, and I've never seen or heard
               | of this happening. (And I am a woman of reproductive
               | age.)
        
       | lostlogin wrote:
       | What a shambles. And if she was abusing the drug, treating it as
       | a legal problem rather than a healthcare one is also tedious.
       | 
       | No attitude like this exists with alcohol, yet that drug seems to
       | cause the odd problem.
        
       | bongoman37 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | grumple wrote:
       | Is it not illegal to perform nonconsensual, nonemergency testing
       | on people? The people that authorized this at the hospital should
       | go to prison for that imo.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | The young, old and unwell are not able to give consent. Dealing
         | with that _should_ be a routine part of every day work in a
         | hospital.
        
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