[HN Gopher] Major shake-up coming for Fermilab, the troubled U.S...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Major shake-up coming for Fermilab, the troubled U.S. particle
       physics center
        
       Author : dyslexit
       Score  : 186 points
       Date   : 2023-03-25 15:08 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.science.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.science.org)
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | They're in trouble because they didn't have a few people who knew
       | how to manage excavation contracting.
        
       | dt23 wrote:
       | Back in 2015 when I still thought I'd be a physicist, I was a
       | summer intern at Fermilab on the MicroBooNE experiment. The sense
       | of excitement and teamwork on the 10th floor was something I
       | dearly missed when I went to CERN the year after.
       | 
       | Every day at 3pm was "coffee and cookies", and my colleagues and
       | I would join the line filled with physicists of all ages and from
       | across the lab, to grab a cookie or maybe two. On Fridays the
       | coffee turned into wine and the cookies into cheese.
       | 
       | The second floor, where the coffee was, had a rotating art
       | installation, which at some point included an acrylic box filled
       | with water. One day this box went from being empty to containing
       | a live goldfish.
       | 
       | I hope Fermilab retains this sense of magic that I have found in
       | so few other places.
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | Yea well cern had beer on tap ... For lunch!
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | "beer"...
           | 
           | /ducks
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | Ok now I'm curious what beer is served at CERN. I am not
             | familiar with any Swiss beer and only a handful of
             | unspectacular French beers.
        
               | naves wrote:
               | If my memory does not fail me, that would be
               | Feldschlosschen: https://feldschloesschen.ch/
               | 
               | (2003-2007 period)
        
               | harunurhan wrote:
               | I don't think it was particularly good or bad, when I was
               | there. I don't drink beer none of my friends ever said
               | "this beer is great" or "this beer sucks".
        
               | fdeee wrote:
               | In 1996 maybe Heineken:
               | https://www.spiegel.de/wissenschaft/flaschen-im-
               | ring-a-45296...
        
               | DoughnutHole wrote:
               | I don't know about the beer at CERN specifically but the
               | beer culture of Geneva generally is subpar.
        
               | naves wrote:
               | Local Calvinus Blanche and Calvinus Ambree are pretty
               | good for Swiss standards. And the country is starting to
               | produce great biers, e.g. JA-MoM: https://www.brauerei-
               | oerlikon.ch/shop/JA-MoM-p285045816
        
           | ntsipina wrote:
           | It still does!
           | 
           | Source: Currently at CERN.
        
             | peteradio wrote:
             | Tell me, is it still in a goofy wooden barrel?
        
         | nukeman wrote:
         | Perks of a stand-alone national lab I guess! My workplace
         | (Savannah River Site) has a strict no-booze policy. Although
         | people frequently bring donuts!
        
           | pknomad wrote:
           | That's awesome! I work over at ESnet (located w/ LBNL) and
           | got to interact with some folks over at SRS. Y'all are cool
           | bunch :)
        
       | prpl wrote:
       | Fermilab has been in trouble for a while. They did not diversify
       | enough at the tail end of Tevatron and (I think) are mostly
       | working on DUNE, which isn't going great. You can't have a lab
       | that big with mostly a singular focus which is being executed
       | poorly.
        
         | dmix wrote:
         | DUNE wiki
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_Underground_Neutrino_Expe...
         | 
         | The video of the project is pretty cool
         | https://youtu.be/nv13DswIKr8
         | 
         | Shooting neutrinos through the earth 1300km in 4ms
        
         | scheme271 wrote:
         | They're also the CMS tier 1 site for US and possibly north
         | america
        
         | ccooffee wrote:
         | Your comment reminded me of a Youtube documentary about "the
         | missing American particle collider"[0]. The documentary touches
         | on some Fermilab drama, but most of the content is aimed at
         | politics (and in particular, how presidential politics is
         | unfortunately intertwined with funding for science mega-
         | projects in the US).
         | 
         | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ivVzGpznw1U&list=PLAB-
         | wWbHL7...
        
           | lumost wrote:
           | This may be an interesting example of a "zombie"
           | organization. Fermilab exists to push the boundaries of
           | particle physics.
           | 
           | We stopped wanting to do that, or at the very least outlay
           | the capital to do that. We likewise don't want people at
           | fermilab doing other things with their time. Meaning that
           | they don't have much to do but go through the motions.
           | 
           | We have a few of these in science, it would arguably be
           | better in the long run to refocus our science budget on
           | problems we're interested in solving and some "risk" budget
           | for different ideas.
        
             | ISL wrote:
             | There's a further subtlety -- the US would like to retain
             | the _capability_ to do this work without funding the
             | entirety of the work itself. A lot of the expertise and
             | infrastructure is unique and world-class.
             | 
             | In my view, the entire field is on pause awaiting the
             | development of truly transformative accelerator technology,
             | then it's off to the races again.
             | 
             | " _In that sense, this new knowledge has all to do with
             | honor and country but it has nothing to do directly with
             | defending our country except to help make it worth
             | defending._ " -- Wilson.
        
               | javajosh wrote:
               | _> would like to retain the capability to do this work
               | without funding the entirety of the work itself_
               | 
               | Oh, then that's easy: just pay them to keep reading work
               | in the field, maybe write a blog, and get into the
               | theoretical side. I'm sure plenty of folks would jump at
               | the opportunity to be on "professional standby" in a
               | field they find fascinating.
        
               | prpl wrote:
               | Plasma Wakefield and "accelerator in a chip" are those
               | breakthroughs that are expected to mature soon, though
               | accelerator on a chip would be pointing more towards new
               | applications
        
             | pieix wrote:
             | Government organizations should be wound down more
             | regularly.
             | 
             | Nobody would argue that a business unit that has outlived
             | its usefulness should be funded in perpetuity, yet there
             | seems to be this "strictly increasing" mindset around
             | organizations funded by the taxpayer.
        
               | stametseater wrote:
               | > _Nobody would argue that a business unit that has
               | outlived its usefulness should be funded in perpetuity_
               | 
               | Au contraire, private sector bureaucrats aren't special.
               | The constituent bureaucrats of that business unit
               | certainly would and do advocate for the continuation of
               | their fiefdoms, but in business settings their self-
               | interested scheming is _eventually_ overridden by
               | business considerations (e.g. the people with the money,
               | who want to stop hemorrhaging their money.) In government
               | orgs, the bureaucrats have more influence (because there
               | is more distance between the people who pay for it and
               | the people who decide it should be paid for) so the
               | bureaucrats are more effective at preserving bureaucracy
               | for the sake of itself. However in each case, the
               | instincts and inclinations of career bureaucrats are
               | precisely the same: grow the org. This is Pournelle 's
               | Iron Law of Bureaucracy. It applies to both private and
               | public bureaucracies alike.
        
         | pfdietz wrote:
         | I guess the Holometer doesn't count as diversification. >.>
        
       | yummypaint wrote:
       | My Fermilab story: when I was designing my dissertation
       | experiment it became clear that i would need ~$100k in silicon
       | strip charged particle detectors, and that no company would ever
       | microbond the thousands of connections for me due to the low
       | volume. Fermilab gave me detectors that had been QC rejects from
       | the outer barrel of the CMS detector at CERN for free, and bonded
       | them to my boards for essentially materials cost. For my purposes
       | they worked perfectly. The microbonding machines and the
       | wonderful people associated with them are still to the best of my
       | knowledge the only viable place in the US to have 9x9 cm silicon
       | autobonded in small volume.
        
         | killjoywashere wrote:
         | Reminds me of this story:
         | 
         | https://www.latimes.com/local/education/la-me-caltech-glassb...
         | 
         | There are continuous technical workforce challenges in science
         | because the methods keep advancing. If only there were money
         | it. Instead we have engineers, scientists, and physicians
         | driving Uber and we outsource and offshore the entire
         | scientific supply chain.
        
           | clivefx wrote:
           | I don't know if that is true. Stuff just changes. To solve
           | similar problems to this, my lab developed sapphire metal
           | bonding techniques that could be run with CNC machined parts.
           | Everything became nice and reliable and repeatable.
           | 
           | We lose techniques all the time but gain new ones. I designed
           | a scientific instrument once that had a long precision bore
           | through it. I designed it with the belief that I needed
           | clearances for a large stiff boring bar to make the feature.
           | 
           | I showed the prints to my machinist, and he told me they were
           | just gonna put it on the five axis and hit the bore on both
           | sides with an end mill. That it was as accurate as how the
           | old guys did it.
           | 
           | It was.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | Every time stories appear about the Particle Physics Center,
       | Fermi Lab - they seem to show up in waves.
        
         | an1sotropy wrote:
         | well that's the article-wave duality in action.
        
           | pfdietz wrote:
           | OW OW OW
        
       | Caligatio wrote:
       | This makes me sad.
       | 
       | I grew up in the Chicago suburbs and got accepted into the
       | Saturday Morning Physics Program
       | (https://saturdaymorningphysics.fnal.gov/) at Fermilab. Many of
       | the lectures went completely over my head at the time but I was
       | still in awe of the particle accelerator on campus. I actually
       | got lost driving to a different building one Saturday and
       | accidentally drove around the ring (with several people blindly
       | following me). Their neutrino experiment, which was planned to
       | shoot neutrinos to Minnesota (MINOS program), was on the imminent
       | horizon and the staff were excited... apparently that was ended
       | in 2016.
       | 
       | I guess it's a hard life being known for a particle accelerator
       | when you get dethroned by CERN and then shut down your ring.
        
       | dugmartin wrote:
       | One of my favorite memories from thirty years ago in college was
       | having small group breakfast with a few other students through
       | the honor's program with Leon Lederman, the Nobel winning
       | physicist that was the then Director of Fermilab. He had a lot of
       | great stories about how big government funded research worked and
       | was very charismatic.
       | 
       | I toured Fermilab later in college while we where near there for
       | an ACM programming competition. The one thing I remember from the
       | tour was a big red button labeled "Start" next to some huge
       | experiment. The tour guide saw us looking at it and said
       | something like "You don't want to touch that". I've often
       | wondered if that was real or just a prop they used for tours.
       | 
       | Btw, I'll never forget what Leon said when asked by a physics
       | student about what the most important thing to learn or study as
       | an undergrad. He said, "learn to write".
        
       | h2odragon wrote:
       | One of my great joys as a teenager exploring electronics was the
       | opportunity to clean out an old storage closet at some Fermilab
       | facility with a friend. This was in the late 80s, we got several
       | 1950s oscilloscopes and much other gear of similar era.
       | 
       | The room had been overlooked in the usual surplus process for
       | years. My friend was related to someone working for the
       | janitorial services company, and they'd been told to clean that
       | room out and throw the stuff away. So what we got to do was help
       | with that, and put anything we liked in my car instead of the
       | dumpster.
       | 
       | We were stripping stuff there in the parking lot to save space.
       | Crammed that car _full_ of junk. It was a truly wonderful day.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | Fermilab was built from late 1967 and opened in 1969 so that
         | must have been really old stuff.
         | 
         | Similar to your story, I got to take high school physics extra
         | classes there, and it was awesome, like being in a Star Wars
         | set with entirely normal parents who worked there and who could
         | teach us really interesting physics (classical mostly, and
         | relativity).
        
         | mycall wrote:
         | I tried taking apart one of those old oscilloscopes. After the
         | first screw, I heard a few nuts and parts drop behind it. I
         | knew it was never going to be the same again. Complicated
         | instruments.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ithinkso wrote:
         | This is tangential at best but I was in Chicago,US once for a
         | business trip and we had weekends off so we did some sight-
         | seeing and one Sunday late afternoon we were close to Fermilab
         | so we decided to take a look.
         | 
         | The building was empty but open, there's a museum upstairs but
         | when we got lost between floors we would just walk between
         | cubicles that were clearly in use during the week, it was super
         | wierd and cool at the same time. We didn't see the accelerator
         | of course but still, we saw some control rooms etc..., to this
         | day I'm not sure if we broke in or what
        
           | toomuchtodo wrote:
           | I'm not sure if it's still there, but if you walked into the
           | cafeteria the remote ops center for the CMS detector and the
           | LHC was on your left hand side through a glass wall and door.
           | 
           | My leadership chain was...interesting but it was incredibly
           | cool in my mid 20s to lunch with high energy physicists and
           | others in this space.
           | 
           | https://cms.fnal.gov/remote-operations-center/
           | 
           | (worked on CMS data taking for a year in the mid 00s)
        
         | DeathArrow wrote:
         | One man's junk is another man's treasure.
        
           | rektide wrote:
           | So the adage goes but sometimes one man's junk just becomes
           | another person's hoarding.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Yeah. I've gotten pretty good but still have some old
             | electronics and computer-related stuff in my attic that I
             | have no real reason to hold onto but have no interest in
             | going to the trouble of finding someone to take it off my
             | hands and probably basically hoard it.
        
             | DeathArrow wrote:
             | What would be the fine difference between hoarding and
             | collecting?
        
               | moffkalast wrote:
               | Actually using or curating the stuff.
        
               | burnished wrote:
               | Well, one test if it is causing nevative impacts in other
               | parts of your life.
        
               | stametseater wrote:
               | Whether or not your home smells like rotting garbage.
               | There is a big difference between filling some shelves
               | with obsolete gadgets, and having a big pile of rotting
               | food covering every food preparation surface in your
               | kitchen because you have a severe untreated mental
               | illness. Let's not whitewash the reality of hoarding to
               | shame some nerds for having obscure interests.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | I have a bunch of stuff in my house that I know there are
           | people who would be happy to have it and maybe pay a few
           | dollars but I live in a fairly small town and I'm certainly
           | not about to go to the trouble of boxing things up and
           | shipping them. I can get rid of some things by just leaving
           | them at the end of the driveway with a free sign but doesn't
           | work for everything.
        
             | cronix wrote:
             | ebay is your friend. People buy entire boxes of unknown old
             | electronic equipment junk that may or may not be working.
             | "As is." You don't even have to really list the contents,
             | just a big picture of everything. I think a lot are
             | scrapping the gold and components, something I got into for
             | awhile. I got almost 4 oz of solid gold from crushed cpu's,
             | memory, old IC's, cable connectors, etc., using nitric
             | acid, a hammer and a jar. Also recovered silver. At current
             | gold prices (about $1950/oz) those little bits add up. Old
             | tantalum capacitors sell for quite a bit as well. They used
             | to be huge and if recycled, many smaller modern surface
             | mount caps could be made. There are several channels on
             | youtube showing the process. It can be a fun hobby. Instead
             | of taking my old gear to a recycling center, I throw it in
             | acid (lol).
        
               | pengaru wrote:
               | Do you really think it's likely the person you're
               | responding to is holding onto these items he knows would
               | be of use to someone, with the intention of it becoming
               | monetized as scrap?
        
               | TedDoesntTalk wrote:
               | Any videos on how to recover gold from crushed CPUs, ICs,
               | etc?
        
               | zdragnar wrote:
               | YouTube is your friend here. I think even NileRed has a
               | video on it.
               | 
               | Edit: here you go: https://youtu.be/ASQCa7mfjVo
               | 
               | He does it with PCBs in one and ram connectors in
               | another, but mentions the process is essentially the same
               | for everything else including CPUs. I'm not sure what the
               | economics of the acids he uses versus nitric are, though.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | As a teenager I got to work and study at Fermi for two weeks
         | under a DoE summer program. There was one kid from each US
         | state and territory, and a few from other countries. We worked
         | in the shops assembling the D0 and Leon Lederman tried to teach
         | cosmology, which was both an incredible privilege and
         | ultimately futile. I was eating in the cafeteria the day the
         | Texas Supercollider was canceled and I don't think there's ever
         | been a sadder crowd of physicists anywhere.
         | 
         | I wonder if they still do that summer program.
        
       | photochemsyn wrote:
       | DOE should really be spending more money on condensed matter
       | physics than on high-energy physics, at least the former has more
       | practical applications and research can be done with smaller
       | budgets, and the latter has plateaued in many ways.
       | 
       | Neutrinos are pretty fascinating, it's true, but the price tag's
       | pretty high. DOE could instead be financing solar PV research,
       | battery research, etc... although then the politicians would
       | likely cut their budget under pressure from the investor-owned
       | utilities and fossil fuel exporters.
        
       | RedCondor wrote:
       | >Theoretical physicist and Nobel Laureate Steven Weinberg had
       | this to say on [the SSC's] cancellation:
       | 
       | >>Spending for the Superconducting Super Collider had become a
       | target for a new class of congressmen elected in 1992. They were
       | eager to show that they could cut what they saw as Texas pork,
       | and they didn't feel that much was at stake. The cold war was
       | over, and discoveries at the SSC were not going to produce
       | anything of immediate practical importance.
       | 
       | https://redsails.org/concessions/#education-and-research-its...
        
       | 1letterunixname wrote:
       | Some categories shouldn't be privatized like medicine, military
       | arms, basic science, road maintenance, and emergency rescue
       | operations. Elon isn't going to work on particle physics without
       | a direct commercial purpose.
        
         | kingstoned wrote:
         | Private does not mean for-profit. Funding and performance are
         | two different things. Road construction is funded by
         | government, but performed by private companies.
        
         | luckylion wrote:
         | "Road maintenance" shouldn't be done by private companies that
         | are given contracts by the government? Why not?
        
           | photochemsyn wrote:
           | It really depends on where responsibility begins and ends. It
           | might make a lot more sense, financially, for the government
           | to manage maintenance using supplies and equipments purchased
           | from private companies, with the people working on the roads
           | being government employees instead of employees of the
           | contractors. However, for specific jobs - say building a new
           | bridge, etc. - it might make sense to have that be a complete
           | private contract, and then, after it's built, maintenance
           | becomes the government responsibility.
           | 
           | In general however, there's too much opportunity for
           | corruption if contracts are just blindly given to private
           | interests by politicians. Iraq and Afghanistan reconstruction
           | contracts were a good example of how bad that can get.
        
             | luckylion wrote:
             | I think there's a good reason to have anti-corruption
             | measures and bring down the hammer hard on everyone in the
             | administration that tries to circumvent them, but I do
             | believe that government is just too inefficient when it
             | comes to doing things.
             | 
             | I'd rather risk that every tenth contract is fraudulent
             | than have every contract cost twice as much with the
             | government doing it themselves. There's just zero incentive
             | for government employees to work quickly and efficiently.
             | 
             | Check private contractor's work to make sure they're not
             | cutting any corners, make corruption harder and incentivize
             | whistle-blowers, but letting the government do things is
             | not something I want as a taxpayer.
        
         | edgyquant wrote:
         | Who decides what "basic science" is?
        
           | spacecircle wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | myself248 wrote:
           | For the longest time, scientific research performed two
           | significant functions beyond its stated mission of
           | discovering things:
           | 
           | 1: It kept a workforce advancing, both at the labs
           | themselves, and at all the suppliers and manufacturers who
           | fed into them. Those mega-budgets weren't buying mega-yachts
           | for the lab directors; they flowed into mega-upgrades for
           | industry, who could score "juicy government lab contracts"
           | and advance their capabilities, which then paid dividends for
           | the rest of the sector.
           | 
           | 2: It supplied national prestige. The best and brightest from
           | all over the world would fall over themselves to work in labs
           | here. The moon landing shattered records for the most-watched
           | TV broadcast ever, and a billion people knew America was on
           | top of the world.
           | 
           | Both of these had significant trickle-down effects, which I
           | don't think were fully appreciated until we let them rot on
           | the vine.
           | 
           | I think "science" in the sense that GP uses it, should refer
           | to any research that ticks both of the above boxes.
        
         | stametseater wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
       | analognoise wrote:
       | They should give it to Northrop Grumman instead - if it's 12
       | years late and 10x over budget, everyone will get awards, like
       | what happened on JWST.
        
       | alangibson wrote:
       | The real problem is that theoretical particle physics had hit a
       | local optimum that they can't break out of. String theory hasn't
       | panned out, quantum gravity hasn't panned out, and no one really
       | knows where to go next.
        
         | pa7x1 wrote:
         | This is a complete misunderstanding of the state of physics.
         | The problem is not theoretical physics, if anything, the
         | problem lies in our technological/engineering prowess that has
         | not been able to follow our advances in physics.
         | 
         | The Standard Model has some issues but it's, in principle, a
         | valid effective description of all the fundamental forces minus
         | gravity. The issue is that quantum effects of gravity are
         | negligible until the Planck scale, we have no technological
         | means to get even close to those levels. That is, physicists
         | have been able to provide an understanding of the universe that
         | for all we know for certain might be valid up to the Planck
         | scale, which is where we know for sure new physics must appear.
         | And because our technological ability is lagging much farther
         | behind they must probe that new physics blindly, without any
         | experimental evidence. This is an incredibly difficult thing to
         | do.
         | 
         | Imagine that the ancient greeks managed to discover Quantum
         | Mechanics. They lay down the correct Schrodinger equation, and
         | understand the superposition principle, Heisenberg uncertainty
         | principle, etc. They know it can potentially explain the atom
         | but lacking sufficient engineering prowess they cannot really
         | test the theory and verify its validity. This is the situation
         | physics is in, we have mathematically consistent theories of
         | quantum gravity but we cannot know if it's the correct
         | description of the universe because experimental evidence is
         | inaccessible and might be inaccessible for centuries to come.
        
           | sampo wrote:
           | > The Standard Model has some issues but it's, in principle,
           | a valid effective description of all the fundamental forces
           | minus gravity.
           | 
           | Yes. Theoretical particle physics has done a wonderfully good
           | job in explaining everything it can. But now the job is done.
           | Should move on and do something else. But because the
           | institutions are too established, and past glory is too good,
           | they don't know how.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | alangibson wrote:
           | > The problem is not theoretical physics, if anything, the
           | problem lies in our technological/engineering prowess that
           | has not been able to follow our advances in physics.
           | 
           | That used to be my view, but it turns I was wrong. The
           | standard model was complete in the 1970's, and everything
           | beyond it since then has been fruitless. Axions excluded, the
           | other kind of axion excluded, sterile neutrinos excluded to
           | make just a few.
           | 
           | Even Roger Penrose thinks we're on the wrong track with
           | quantum gravity.
           | 
           | Check out Sabine Hofstetter's voluminous output on this issue
           | for a better breakdown than I can give.
        
             | jackcosgrove wrote:
             | I think her name is Sabine Hossenfelder.
        
               | alangibson wrote:
               | Correct. My bad working from memory.
        
             | pa7x1 wrote:
             | Roger Penrose is a remarkable mathematician and has made
             | profound contributions to mathematics and its application
             | to General Relativity. But his opinions on Quantum
             | Mechanics, (e.g., its relationship with conscience) are
             | very fringe, when not outright quack-material. Nobody takes
             | him seriously on this topic and he has made no recognizable
             | contribution or proved anything that would grant any
             | credibility to the idea.
             | 
             | Sabine Hossenfelder is a peculiar character. She raises
             | some good points regarding the futility of a lot of the
             | phenomenological models that are published, in my mind they
             | are little more than busy-work to have something to publish
             | and survive the publish or perish attrition that
             | researchers must endue. And she is right that is not the
             | way to do science. It's a form of overfitting and throwing
             | things to the wall in the hope something sticks. But this
             | is mostly due to publish or perish. Discovering something
             | deep is very difficult and if you have to have several
             | publications per year to renew your contract you have
             | strong incentives to build a silly toy model with little
             | chances of being right. But the problem lies in the
             | incentives that have been set up in academia. Remove them
             | and most of those silly publications will disappear. But
             | then it's hard to establish a different set of incentives
             | that ensure those that most deserve funding get it. Beyond
             | that fair criticism it's hard to understand what she
             | proposes as an alternative. She doesn't bring anything
             | constructive to the table. Pack it up and de-fund physics
             | until our technical means allows us to probe the Planck
             | scale?
             | 
             | There is certainly an argument to be made on how much
             | funding different sciences should receive given their
             | potential contribution to society. And I see a lot of low
             | hanging fruits in other sciences that would grant most
             | funding going there. But theoretical physicists cost
             | pennies to our society; they are few, poorly paid, and
             | require little more than pen and paper. At the same time,
             | theoretical physicists have contributed to this date
             | immensely valuable contributions that make our developed
             | world possible. It's my perhaps biased opinion that they
             | have had the most outsized impact into our progress. It's
             | sensible capital allocation to keep some funding in the
             | chance they keep changing our lives for the better as
             | profoundly as they have done in the past.
             | 
             | There is this apocryphal quote that summarizes it quite
             | well, it is said that William Gladston (british minister of
             | finance) asked Michael Faraday what was the usefulness of
             | this electromagnetic field he was researching. To which
             | Faraday purportedly answered, "I don't know, sir, but one
             | day you may be able to tax it". Even if this particular
             | exchange didn't happen, it contains a very valuable truth,
             | when you are researching the frontiers of science the
             | practical application is not always obvious but that
             | shouldn't deter us from doing it.
        
               | GeorgeTirebiter wrote:
               | This implies, I believe, that further progress refining
               | physics will result in similar great societal advances.
               | This can only be based on belief. Maybe. And perhaps a
               | spectacular future awaits us, due to some present-day
               | discovery that now seems insignificant. Yes, one can
               | point to many such instances in the past; but what gives
               | us confidence this will continue into the future?
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | When we're studying physical phenomena that require
               | machines the size of a small country to test, it's
               | difficult to see how there can be any practical
               | application. The practical application would have to be
               | much smaller, in which case it would be a much smaller
               | test.
        
               | sampo wrote:
               | > "I don't know, sir, but one day you may be able to tax
               | it".
               | 
               | You can't just take any and every topic of research and
               | apply this quote to it. There are always more potential
               | research topics than there is research funding. You need
               | to prioritize somehow.
               | 
               | > when you are researching the frontiers of science
               | 
               | There are many other frontiers of science, than just
               | theoretical particle physics. Maybe some other topics
               | would deserve a bit more resources now?
        
           | blululu wrote:
           | Sure blame the experimentalists. If the theorists are so
           | smart maybe they can use their immense brilliance to draw on
           | their chalkboards with femtoscale precision. All joking
           | aside, while you are correct that we don't really have the
           | technological ability to advance on a better theory of
           | Quantum Gravity. But theorists need a rich experimental
           | backdrop for their work to be meaningful. Since this is
           | lacking, theoretical physics has produced a glut of plausible
           | models that all arrive at similar answers from very different
           | first principles. This leads to the sense that none of them
           | are decisively right or wrong and the pursuit of yet more
           | models is a meaningless project. Yes the root problem is with
           | the experimentalists, but the theorists suffer the
           | consequences.
        
             | Rury wrote:
             | I wouldn't even go so far as to say it's either the
             | theorists or experimentalists fault. The problem might just
             | be that it becomes physically impractical to the point of
             | practical impossibility to observe the nature of things
             | beyond a certain scale to us. And that's just, you know,
             | the nature of things.
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > follow our advances in physics.
           | 
           | I'd say physics without the related
           | "technological/engineering prowess" (i.e. the experiments to
           | back said physics up) is just wishy-washy fancy-sounding
           | maths.
        
       | pasttense01 wrote:
       | I think it is a poor idea for the Department of Energy to being
       | hiring businesses or organizations to be managing the National
       | Laboratories. This means there are three levels of management:
       | the DOE, the managing organization/business (such as the
       | University of Chicago) and the lab itself. Eliminate this middle
       | layer--so that management is either done by the DOE or the
       | laboratory.
        
       | bmitc wrote:
       | A big issue at these labs is that there's this idea that people
       | with PhDs think only others with technical PhDs can manage
       | things. Management takes a certain set of skills, and quite a lot
       | of PhDs have zero experience outside of academic environments
       | with managing things.
       | 
       | > "We did not write a very good contract for the excavation," ...
       | "There were all kinds of loopholes in it, and the excavation
       | company made an awful lot of money off of us."
       | 
       | Another thing that strikes me is, why is construction in the U.S.
       | so corrupt and such a money pit? I don't think I have ever heard
       | of a large construction project being delivered on time and on
       | budget. I understand construction is very difficult, but it just
       | seems out of control.
        
         | dreamcompiler wrote:
         | https://youtube.com/watch?v=dOe_6vuaR_s
        
       | Kon-Peki wrote:
       | > However, Fermilab may not deserve all the blame, says a
       | theoretical physicist who requested anonymity to protect
       | relations with DOE. For example, he says, after the lab finally
       | hammered out an excavation contract with Thyssen Mining, months
       | passed before DOE approved it. "I'm not sure whether it's really
       | the lab that has a problem, or if it's DOE that has a problem and
       | is blaming the lab."
       | 
       | If you need anonymity to talk to a reporter, you already know
       | that DOE has a problem.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | No civil service government employee should openly talk to the
         | media, ever.
        
           | bagels wrote:
           | Government should operate in secret?
        
             | closeparen wrote:
             | Insider leaks and "the fourth estate" are arguably part of
             | checks and balances in modern democracy, but it's clearly
             | untenable for every employee of the government (or any
             | large organization) to be empowered to speak on its behalf.
             | 
             | AFAIK the rule for federal employees is they're allowed to
             | speak publicly and opine on political matters, but not to
             | identify themselves as government employees while doing so.
        
             | borkt wrote:
             | Statement should read no civil service government employee
             | should talk to the media about their work or workplace
             | unless the authority to speak on the topic on which they
             | are speaking is in their formal job description, or they
             | have been approved to speak to the media by someone who's
             | formal job description gives them authority to approve that
             | they do so.
             | 
             | I am all for radical transparency in the public sector, but
             | part of that transparency requires that the individuals
             | communicating have a precise understanding of technical
             | communication. I've seen inaccurate communication cause
             | very similar issues to those caused by a lack of
             | communication.
        
               | spacecircle wrote:
               | How does those instances compare to the number of times
               | things that would be in the public interest were not
               | shared, because the trained communicators knew it was bad
               | for the bureaucracy?
               | 
               | I say this as a federal scientist myself.
        
         | chollida1 wrote:
         | > If you need anonymity to talk to a reporter, you already know
         | that DOE has a problem.
         | 
         | I know nothing of the issues going on but this just isn't a
         | universal truth. Most people would speak anonymously when
         | talking about their employer and that doesn't mean there is
         | anything wrong with their employer.
         | 
         | Which employers allow their employees to speak poorly of them
         | in public without permission to speak about the company?
        
           | Nullabillity wrote:
           | Translation: poor leadership is endemic.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | In general, companies are pretty sensitive about employees
           | talking to reporters. And certainly employees who aren't
           | media trained and talking about things that aren't explicitly
           | public. Depends to some degree on the employee and the topic,
           | but generally talking to media outside of official channels
           | can easily get someone in trouble even at relatively open
           | companies.
        
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