[HN Gopher] A Whale-Oiled Machine
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       A Whale-Oiled Machine
        
       Author : zeristor
       Score  : 91 points
       Date   : 2023-03-19 11:27 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (99percentinvisible.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (99percentinvisible.org)
        
       | Damogran6 wrote:
       | In the 90's we'd add a GM lubrication additive to
       | transmissions...it instantaneously improved shift effort and we
       | joked about it being whale jizz...turns out it isn't...and is.
       | 
       | https://www.loandiscount.store/product/Gm-1050081-1965-75-No...
       | DESCRIPTION GM# 1050081 1965-75 NOS POSI LUBRICANT QNTY 2 QTS ALL
       | GENERAL MOTORS REAR HYPOID GEAR POSI LUBE EARLY SUPERIOR MIX WITH
       | WHALE SPERM CHANGED TO 1052271 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971
       | 1972 1973 1974 1975
        
       | gmarx wrote:
       | For a person of GenX this is a fascinating thread, most notably
       | for the lack of moral posturing. We were raised to consider
       | whaling an unspeakable evil. To the current generation it looks
       | like an engineering and history discussion. I wonder if we could
       | get away with wearing fur again? Has enough time passed that
       | activists have forgotten they are supposed to hurl blood at
       | anyone wearing a fur coat?
        
       | pbj1968 wrote:
       | Nye Lubricants for anyone else wondering.
        
         | permo-w wrote:
         | the article began by referring to the man himself, then started
         | talking about the company, all the way referring to both as
         | "Nye". I'm not sure why they didn't give the full company name
         | at least once. perhaps to avoid the impression of a puff piece?
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | The article appears to be written by taking key sentences out
           | of the podcast transcript, and then doing a very light edit
           | only to vaguely connect the sentences together.
           | 
           | In the actual podcast they mention the company by name
           | multiple times. I think including the company name just got
           | missed in the edit
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | I wonder if any distant relation to Bill Nye the Science Guy.
       | 
       | EDIT: I wasn't going to listen to a 40 minute podcast to hear
       | that, so thanks.
        
         | isaacdl wrote:
         | Yep - they actually talk to him in the episode.
        
         | madcaptenor wrote:
         | From Nye Lubricants' web page
         | (https://www.nyelubricants.com/the-science-guy-and-nye-1):
         | "Bill Nye [the science guy] is a direct descendant of our
         | founder's brother, Captain Nye."
        
       | zeristor wrote:
       | Fifty years of tribology
       | 
       | http://www.eng.cam.ac.uk/news/fifty-years-tribology
        
         | brabel wrote:
         | Wow, technology is really amazing:
         | 
         | "Now, in modern drives, the heads fly at less than 10 nm, a
         | feat that demands not only precise modelling of the air film
         | and head dynamics but also the production of disk surfaces of
         | extraordinary flatness, protected by a 15 nm coating of hard
         | carbon and a lubricant layer only one nm (about 10 atoms)
         | thick."
        
       | DubiousPusher wrote:
       | Penguins and seals became an important alternative as whale
       | populations waned at the end of the 19th century.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph_Hatch
        
       | Epa095 wrote:
       | Hot take: we should eat more whale!
       | 
       | The common mink whale is least-concern, and can be harvested more
       | without danger to the species. Morally I see no difference
       | between eating mink whale and a hunted moose, definitely better
       | than factory farmed animals (including farmed fish) with all the
       | suffering they endure before beeing eaten.
       | 
       | (But leave the endangered species alone).
        
       | nonethewiser wrote:
       | Well, it's more sustainable than fossil fuels.
        
         | dustymcp wrote:
         | Oil rigs would be so different
        
         | Arrath wrote:
         | Certainly not at the scale at which whale harvesting was being
         | carried out, however.
        
         | jeromegv wrote:
         | How?
        
       | acdanger wrote:
       | Fun fact , sperm whale oil was used in car transmissions until
       | the 1970s when it was outlawed by the Endangered Species Act.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sperm_oil#Applications
        
         | tda wrote:
         | Wow:
         | 
         | > The loss of sperm oil had a profound impact in the automotive
         | industry, where for example, transmission failures rose from
         | under 1 million in 1972 to over 8 million by 1975.
        
           | dsfyu404ed wrote:
           | Yeah that stuck out to me too.
           | 
           | Even if you assume that it's a raw number and is also
           | reflecting increased adoption of automatic transmission it's
           | kind of hard to blame a huge 8x multiple on solely the oil
           | without something else to corroborate it (like sales figures
           | for wet clutch and brake friction parts used in industrial
           | applications which would be subject to the same increased
           | wear if the oil was sub-par).
           | 
           | Transmission fluid isn't special. It's basically just yet
           | another variant of hydraulic fluid. The hydraulic parts of a
           | transmission pretty much never have problems relative to the
           | frequency with which the friction parts simply wear out. So
           | other oil running clutches so see the same increase in
           | failure rate over that time.
           | 
           | Assuming the number itself is accurate OEMs producing designs
           | with additional gears and lockup converters with the bare
           | minimum of refinement (ship now fix later type engineering)
           | in response to the fuel crisis probably deserves some blame.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | this is fairly typical behaviour. when a product is
             | outlawed, there's nearly always an adaptation phase
             | 
             | for example, solder from the few years after the British
             | ban on production use of the leaded stuff is often very
             | poor, but--contrary to what vested interests would have you
             | believe--humans adapt. demand creates solutions
        
               | hotpotamus wrote:
               | I remember a datacenter at an old job had a run in with
               | "tin whiskers" forming off power supplies and eventually
               | causing shorts that I believe was related to the solder
               | issue.
        
               | permo-w wrote:
               | could someone explain to me why might this be being
               | downvoted?
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | Those whiskers can only be so long, right?
        
             | gwbas1c wrote:
             | Spermaceti (whale oil) based lubricants handled much higher
             | temperatures than petroleum based lubricants. That was why
             | automatic transmissions used spermaceti instead of
             | petroleum based lubricants. That's also why the shift away
             | from spermaceti impacted reliability: automatic
             | transmissions in the 1970s needed lubricants that handled
             | higher temperatures.
             | 
             | Fun fact: Spermaceti is actually a wax, not an oil.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | This doesn't make any sense, because sperm oil was known
               | for its low temperature advantages. Not its high
               | temperature ones.
               | 
               | Even in 1975 the problem cited was corrosion:
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/1975/04/17/archives/transmission-
               | pro...
               | 
               | "The fittings between the cooling unit and the radiator
               | gave no trouble when whale oil was the fluid, but the
               | substitute allowed the fittings to corrode. "
               | 
               | The resulting corrosion allowed mixing of oil and
               | coolant. Causing issues in both, although the
               | transmission is going to be the first to have problems.
               | 
               | I will also point at the idea that the lack of sperm oil
               | caused this is....stupid. The way you avoid this entire
               | problem is by using a device called an oil cooler. It's a
               | separate finned radiator from the coolant radiator. If it
               | leaks you get a little pinhole leak. Then you replace it
               | & topoff the fluid. Automotive manufacturers insist on
               | using combined units because they are being cheap and
               | don't care about the long term practicality of a vehicle.
               | So even if there was some amazing advantage to sperm oil,
               | it neither prevented this specific problem nor did the
               | ban on it cause it.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | The fact that engines are designed so that coolant and
               | lubricants can mix has always left me a bit suspicious of
               | planned obsolescence.
               | 
               | I think realistically it's a limitation of the casting
               | process, but it is to me the dumbest part of internal
               | combustion engine design. Point the channels in two
               | different directions on the casting, and only a cracked
               | block should allow them to touch.
        
               | mech987 wrote:
               | You should watch videos on how hard head gaskets are to
               | design if you want an idea of some of the engineering
               | involved- I think "engineering explained" did one
               | recently on youtube.
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | but that is unrelated. Automatic transmission fluid isn't
               | circulating through the engine on any vehicle by design
               | that I have seen.
               | 
               | Plenty of vehicles with a standard gearbox just use the
               | engine oil as the transmission lubricant. In motorcycles
               | this is called "unit construction". I've heard of some
               | older Saabs that did this as well.
        
               | hinkley wrote:
               | > The resulting corrosion allowed mixing of oil and
               | coolant.
               | 
               | Why is that unrelated?
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | because the mixing the article talks about it
               | transmission oil and coolant.
               | 
               | When a passageway cracks in a cylinder head & engine oil
               | becomes "milkshake" that is the mixing of engine oil and
               | coolant. Two separate kinds of oil in different places.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | The plot thickens. Those coolers have been constructed of
               | brass since forever and often still are. IDK if the
               | specific brass alloy has changed. Perhaps the new fluid
               | was slightly corrosive to yellow metals? That's not
               | unheard of but plenty of transmissions have bronze
               | bushings in various places do you'd think they'd create a
               | fluid that was safe for yellow metals.
               | 
               | Edit: It was the solder.
               | 
               | https://www.hemmings.com/stories/2015/03/16/tech-101-auto
               | mat...
               | 
               | They hint that the whale oil was relevant to the
               | performance of friction modifiers. Friction modifiers are
               | notoriously nasty so it doesn't surprise me that without
               | the whale oil they had to use the "next best thing" which
               | wasn't quite good enough at the margin.
               | 
               | https://washingtoncitypaper.com/article/218915/do-the-
               | japane...
               | 
               | These ^ guys allege to have done some research and stop
               | just short of saying "gm was making excuses for problems
               | they brought on themselves".
        
               | sidewndr46 wrote:
               | There is an interesting assertion in there:
               | 
               | "because when combined with sulfur it made an excellent
               | lubricant,"
               | 
               | Almost anything is a good lubricant when you add sulfur.
               | The reason why sulfur isn't added anymore is
               | environmental reasons. Newer diesel fuel isn't as good of
               | a lubricant as the old fuel was because highway diesel
               | has to be low sulfur now.
               | 
               | So if sperm oil was only a good lubricant when mixed with
               | sulfur, then it's a pretty average lubricant.
               | 
               | Also the article says 5500 transmissions "failed
               | prematurely" 1973-1975. In the US, 5550 transmissions
               | might as well be zero. Even in 1975, most cars were
               | already being sold with automatic transmissions. This
               | whole thing sounds like GM was using sperm oil because it
               | was available and known to work. Then the ban comes in &
               | GM made some poor decisions, then blamed the whole thing
               | on "conservationists".
               | 
               | If only whalers had managed to hunt all whales to
               | extinction in the 19th century GM could have been saved
               | the total embarassment of selling junk cars.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | The magnitude of the claim is contradicted by the lack of
               | circumstantial evidence.
               | 
               | If the difference was that stark aren't there old timers
               | talking about how the old whale oil stuff was so good and
               | why don't people find gallons of it saved here and there
               | the same way you find lead paint or R12 refrigerant? Why
               | isn't there some body of tribal knowledge saying that
               | transmissions sucked in the 70s like we have for engines?
               | 
               | I don't doubt for a minute that the government would ham-
               | fistedly ban something without a viable alternative and
               | that the textbook engineer types would crunch numbers on
               | the replacement and conclude that "it'll be fine with no
               | changes to our hardware, run it" leading to a higher
               | failure rate, but 8x failure (or even 5x failure rate, to
               | account for increased number of automatic transmissions
               | out there) rate? That's absurd.
               | 
               | I'd love to read the source for the claim but it's a
               | paper version of a trade publication...
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | > If the difference was that stark aren't there old
               | timers talking about how the old whale oil stuff was so
               | good
               | 
               | When I was wrenching on cars in the 80s there absolutely
               | were! We're talking about 50 years ago so you might need
               | to find some older old timers but this was totally a
               | thing.
        
               | dsfyu404ed wrote:
               | Due to my hobby I hang out with mechanically inclined men
               | aged ~30-70. I have heard them praise all manner of
               | things from years past. If there's one thing they agree
               | has pretty much constantly gotten better with no
               | regressions along the way it's automotive lubricants, at
               | least up until the point where they took the zinc out of
               | motor oil. Now, I suspect there definitely are some
               | regressions, but they're definitely small enough to get
               | lost.
        
               | zokier wrote:
               | But even 70 year old today would have been only 20 years
               | old in 1973 when whale oil was banned, so likely they
               | would have had only very few years of experience if any
               | of using whale oil
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | I don't know how good whale oil transmission fluid
               | _actually_ was btw, I didn 't experience the transition.
               | 
               | I remember older people talking about how much better it
               | was. But like most times when people talk about how much
               | better something used to be, I assume it was mostly not
               | as good as they remember it.
        
           | int_19h wrote:
           | There seems to have been a similar issue with gun lubricants
           | - sperm oil was used for that, as well, and for similar
           | reasons, so when transition happened, it affected
           | reliability:
           | 
           | https://www.cherrybalmz.com/history-sperm-whale-oil
        
         | gwbas1c wrote:
         | Even more fun fact:
         | 
         | Yes wrote the song "Don't Kill the Whale:"
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8NO8h_uTkdU&pp=ygUYeWVzIGdvd...
         | 
         | They also were known to travel in separate private limousines
         | in LA, which probably had whale oil transmissions.
         | 
         | I always think about them traveling to a vegetarian restaurant
         | in LA in separate limos when I listen to that song.
        
       | mauvehaus wrote:
       | If you ever find yourself in New Bedford, I cannot recommend the
       | whaling museum highly enough.
       | 
       | Fun fact: Clifford Ashley of Ashley's Book of Knots (ABOK) was
       | also a painter. The museum has some of his work in their
       | collection.
       | 
       | Also: if you have any interest in whaling and haven't read Moby
       | Dick, you really ought to. People will complain that it's
       | principally a book about whaling with a bit of story mixed in.
       | That's true, but it turns out whaling is _fascinating_.
       | 
       | Imagine a world without whales. If JK Rowling had written a book
       | about people sailing to the far side of the world to hunt sea
       | creatures whose heads are full of substance that looks
       | suspiciously like semen, nobody would have published it because
       | it would be too unrealistic.
        
         | psychphysic wrote:
         | I also enjoyed the recent whaling documentary that takes up the
         | middle hour of Avatar 2.
         | 
         | I'd recommend cutting that middle out if you just want to watch
         | Avatar2. And then at a later date watch that hour as a in-world
         | whaling doc.
        
           | MezzoDelCammin wrote:
           | BBC presents: Avatar 2 Narrated by: David Attenborough
        
         | scop wrote:
         | I love your last observation. Reminds me of:
         | 
         | > It is plain, then, that phrenologically the head of this
         | Leviathan, in the creature's living intact state, is an entire
         | delusion. (Moby Dick)
         | 
         | Melville's meditations on the anatomy of the whale are
         | absolutely stunning, especially when you add layers of meaning
         | to what "the whale" may represent (God, justice or injustice,
         | morality, nature, etc etc...)
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | I produced a nice PD edition of _Moby Dick_ for Standard Ebooks
         | if you're looking for a copy:
         | https://standardebooks.org/ebooks/herman-melville/moby-dick
         | 
         | It also lead to one of my geekier deep-dive commits:
         | https://github.com/standardebooks/herman-melville_moby-dick/...
        
           | comfypotato wrote:
           | I'm currently reading your standard ebook! Very nice.
           | 
           | I have to admit, "very nice" here just means I haven't
           | noticed your work because it sits in the background and lets
           | me enjoy the book. Lol. Such is the fate of a good front end
           | developer as well.
        
         | mstudio wrote:
         | Great tip. I hadn't heard of that museum and will have to check
         | it out. If anyone else is interested in whaling, particularly
         | Nantucket's past sperm whale industry, "In the Heart of the
         | Sea: The Tragedy of the Whaleship Essex" is a great read.
        
           | johnwalkr wrote:
           | I was going to write the same comment. That's a great book!
        
       | SnoJohn wrote:
       | Tom Nicholas, an HBS professor, wrote a book about the history of
       | VC (1) which spends the first chapter of the book talking about
       | the whaling industry and how it created the venture structure we
       | know today. Many whaling voyages failed to find whales, and some
       | outright sank or disappeared, but some came home full of whale
       | oil. He found the parallels in the data striking. It is a great
       | book and a good companion to Mallaby's Power Law.
       | 
       | Fun fact: his source for whaling data was a book by Alexander
       | Starbuck.
       | 
       | 1. https://www.goodreads.com/en/book/show/42449471
        
       | flohofwoe wrote:
       | When I played Dishonored (very recommended if you like "a
       | thinking man's FPS") I thought the whole Victorian "whale oil
       | economy" of the game world was very interesting but ultimately
       | fiction, but somehow the game triggered a desire to learn more
       | about the actual history of whale oil usage and I was surprised
       | that the basic idea of the game's economy based on whale oil
       | wasn't that far from the truth.
        
       | dsalzman wrote:
       | There is a very interesting HBS case on whaling [0]. It explains
       | how the high risk and high return nature of whaling drove the
       | development of concepts like syndication and limited liability
       | corps that we take for granted today. Pretty interesting the
       | tangible connections of modern startups and VC to hunting for
       | whales.
       | 
       | [0] - https://www.hbs.edu/faculty/Pages/item.aspx?num=43322
        
       | tsejerome97 wrote:
       | so dishonored is true
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-21 23:01 UTC)