[HN Gopher] IPCC climate crisis report delivers 'final warning o...
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       IPCC climate crisis report delivers 'final warning on 1.5C'
        
       Author : m1
       Score  : 198 points
       Date   : 2023-03-20 13:14 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | climatescam wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
       | hilbert42 wrote:
       | Tragically, they're wasting their time. Experience has shown that
       | such IPCC preaching is like telling the world to stop using
       | Facebook and Google because tech giants spy on users and sell
       | their data.
       | 
       | Everyone knows that and most don't like it but their addiction is
       | too great to make the necessary lifestyle changes to quit.
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | To start, yes, I agree with all the rest of the comments. _Of
       | course_ if you look at the action needed to start within the 1.5
       | degree carbon budget, it 's simply impossible. It's kind of like
       | saying how much better humanity would be if there were no wars -
       | a nice thought, but also not going to happen.
       | 
       | I'm curious, though, and I admit I haven't read the report, but
       | what is it about 1.5 degrees that the scientific community sees
       | as so critical. Is that the temp after which positive feedback
       | loops take over and it becomes a "runaway train", so to speak
       | (e.g. less ice results in less albedo and more warming, which
       | causes less ice). I just want to understand why that number was
       | chosen to represent such a critical point.
       | 
       | And since it's obvious we are _not_ going to make that limit,
       | what are the additional consequences of hitting 2 or 3 degrees of
       | warming?
       | 
       | Edit: To the downvoters, please take a look at
       | https://ourworldindata.org/co2-emissions. Global CO2 emissions
       | have simply skyrocketed since 1950. The only year they didn't go
       | up was 2020 - remember that year we had a pandemic that shut down
       | much of the world for months and months on end. And _still_ ,
       | despite all the stoppage of activity, there was just a small blip
       | down in CO2 emissions. I don't understand how any sane person can
       | look at this graph and believe that 1.5 is attainable. Remember,
       | we don't just have to flatten this graph, we need to bring it all
       | the way back down to 0. I _do_ think alternative energy
       | technology will eventually get us there, but certainly not in 15
       | years, all across the world.
        
         | Extasia785 wrote:
         | 1.5 degrees is commonly talked about because almost every
         | country on earth pledged to "pursue efforts to limit the
         | temperature increase to 1.5degC above pre-industrial levels"
         | [0] in the Paris agreement. We won't hit that anymore, but it
         | makes sense for scientists to compare the taken measures with
         | the original goal. Every degree matters and aiming for 1.5 and
         | missing by 0.5 degrees is better than aiming for a "realistic"
         | 2.5 degrees and missing by 0.2 degrees.
         | 
         | [0] https://unfccc.int/process-and-meetings/the-paris-agreement
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Thanks very much for your response, I think it makes the most
           | sense - that is, 1.5 degrees isn't some "magic number", but
           | every .1 degree makes things disproportionally _worse_ , and
           | we want to limit the damage as much as possible.
           | 
           | In that case, I think still harping on the 1.5 degree number
           | is a communications mistake. It is obviously impossible at
           | this point (see the edit in my original comment), and so I
           | think focusing it risks encouraging a "well, this is
           | obviously too late, might as well enjoy our bread and
           | circuses while they last" attitude. I think it would be much
           | better if scientists said "Remember when we warned you about
           | that 1.5 degree limit? Well, y'all f'd that up, so now a lot
           | of these dire predictions are going to come true. Oh, and
           | here is a whole host of even _more_ dire predictions that
           | will occur for every .1 degree you miss the limit, so you
           | better try to limit carbon emissions as much as you can to
           | prevent things from becoming more screwed than they are
           | already guaranteed to be. "
           | 
           | I just think that any messaging that talks about things
           | eventually being "too late" is bad from a public motivation
           | standpoint.
        
         | gmuslera wrote:
         | The point wasn't not only hitting that limit, but not hitting
         | it before some date (end of century originally). The planet
         | will continue warming up as long as we have an excess of
         | greenhouse gases, even if we reach some kind of cooked up "net
         | zero" of emissions.
         | 
         | If we warm faster, feedback loops will have more effect
         | earlier, tipping points may be reached in shorter time,
         | biodiversity will drop a lot, and our ability to react and do
         | something about it will be compromised because we will have
         | more urgent things to do like i.e. figuring out new food
         | sources in scale after agriculture becomes unreliable enough.
         | 
         | It is not if we will hit a mark, but how fast we will leave it
         | behind. There is no possible adaptation to fast enough change,
         | for us and the world we depend on.
        
           | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
           | Thanks for your answer, but to be clear, I understand all
           | that.
           | 
           | My question is what, _specifically_ , the 1.5 degree budget
           | signifies, and why it seems like there will be such a
           | discontinuous amount of harmful effects if we blow past it.
           | What is the significance of 1.5 vs 1 or 3?
           | 
           | Also, I'm not some sort of "climate skeptic" - I totally
           | understand there will be severe negative consequences for
           | continuing to pump carbon into the atmosphere. I'm just
           | genuinely curious on why scientists landed on the 1.5 number.
        
             | tito wrote:
             | Discontinuous effects, yes.
             | 
             | A stable climate functions more like a light switch than a
             | dimmer switch. There is an "off", and once we go there
             | getting back is really hard. It's almost like a one way
             | switch.
             | 
             | As one example of a feedback loop, when polar ice melts,
             | the area effectively turns from white (ice) to black
             | (ocean). This area then absorbs more heat, driving more
             | heating. So that's one feedback loop.
             | 
             | I think the feedback loops are kind of cool to study.
             | Methane emissions in the tundra. Greenland melting causes
             | more melting. Higher temps cause more water vapor that
             | absorbs heat.
             | 
             | That doesn't give you specifics on where the line is. But
             | wanted to give you an idea about the discontinuity, that
             | there is a threshold vs dimmer switch.
             | 
             | P.S. I plugged your question into ChatGPT but the response
             | was vague.
        
             | gmuslera wrote:
             | I think it was a compromise between achievability and
             | limiting damage what made it to be accepted decades ago. It
             | was unrealistic to ask to not reach 1.5oC back then, but
             | the increase should be as low as possible to avoid reaching
             | tipping points and triggering positive feedback loops that
             | could put things beyond our possibility of control.
             | 
             | Things are not binary, we are talking about global average
             | temperatures, not the temperature you reach some day or
             | season in a region. So you have to deal with uncertainty
             | and that with higher global average temperature you will
             | have the smaller version of the loops, even if you didn't
             | reach the budget yet. But when you surpass enough them,
             | then you will have more players that are changing the
             | climate, influencing each other, and things will change
             | faster. And there the decimal resolution may lose its
             | meaning, your range of confidence will be much wider.
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | A) We've already passed the expected point of no return for
             | 0.5 (warned about as early as the 1960s as I recall) and
             | 1.0. As of 2023 we have already experienced years at as
             | much as 1.2 degrees (above pre-industrial average).
             | 
             | B) The 1.5 degree budget, as I recall is the "best wish"
             | case of the 2015 Paris agreement.
             | 
             | C) The 2 degree budget is the "worst case" allowable by the
             | 2015 Paris agreement.
             | 
             | D) The Paris agreement was based on previous IPCC reports
             | on some of the expected outcomes at 1.5 degree and 2 degree
             | budgets. The Paris agreement was largely trying to pick the
             | smallest number that still seemed feasible in 2015.
        
       | programwiz wrote:
       | I see multiple people in this thread are talking about 3 degrees
       | which is unrealistic. While 1.5 seems unlikely at this point 2
       | degrees is within reach and IMO the most likely outcome. I would
       | even say anything above 2.5 is unrealistic. This chart[1] can be
       | useful, compare it to last predictions and you'll see the reason
       | of my optimism.
       | 
       | Also note in the beginning of 2010s solar was very expensive,
       | right now it's (almost) the cheapest source of energy[2] and the
       | technological problem at this point is battery.
       | 
       | That begin said our problem for switching to renewables isn't
       | only technological, there are political reasons (e.g. China and
       | coal [3]) and also despite solar being cheap for a certain period
       | of time running old infrastructure (e.g. natural gas power plant)
       | still makes economic sense, at least in the short term. but I
       | expect that predictions like [1] become more optimistic in this
       | decade.
       | 
       | As a final note in the past economic growth = more pollution
       | which is simply not the case any more for most of the countries.
       | 
       | [1]: https://climateactiontracker.org/global/temperatures/ [2]:
       | https://ourworldindata.org/cheap-renewables-growth [3]:
       | https://noahpinion.substack.com/p/china-must-stop-its-coal-i...
        
         | wilg wrote:
         | I agree 2C peak is the most likely current situation.
        
       | tunesmith wrote:
       | Are there any resources that show the improvement we've already
       | made in those terms? I think that would be helpful. Like, there's
       | got to be an estimate of what our rate was when growth was before
       | we started introducing what we've already been doing. I know
       | there are cynics who want to make the argument that we've done
       | absolutely nothing and that we're still in the base scenario, but
       | I think that doesn't give credit to the advancements we've made
       | due to environmentally-influenced policy changes across the
       | world.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | It's not just cynics, that's just how it is. Emissions are
         | still growing.
         | https://pbs.twimg.com/media/Frqp9M_X0AsvyMW?format=jpg&name=...
        
           | tunesmith wrote:
           | I'm asking something more nuanced than that. Emissions are
           | still growing, but probably not growing as much as if we had
           | done absolutely nothing. What's the difference between those
           | two trend lines?
        
         | WorldMaker wrote:
         | This IPCC report is an annual report and you can directly
         | compare year to year.
         | 
         | So far it seems like the report gets worse every year.
         | 
         | The pessimistic take is that every single advancement in
         | environmental policy has been used to cover increased fossil
         | fuel usage somewhere else. Almost every "carbon credit" trading
         | program has been to pat people on the back for doing "their
         | part" while actually doing very little and masking existing
         | fossil fuel consumption with sleight of hand accounting tricks.
         | Almost every bit of annual power savings by collective action
         | switching to things such as LED light bulbs and EV cars has
         | been (too easily) entirely offset by the vastly increased
         | energy consumption of things like cryptocurrency mining
         | operations and AI computation farms and still far too cheap oil
         | prices. (The world was on track for net coal-fired power plant
         | shutdown and Bitcoin alone is responsible single handedly for
         | restarting up enough coal-fired power plants in the 2020s to
         | offset that expected net gain.)
         | 
         | This report card says we aren't doing anywhere near enough. We
         | aren't meeting our collective promises (we are likely to miss
         | the Paris Agreement best case target and are hoping we still
         | have a path to stick to the Paris Agreement's worst case).
         | Maybe we still aren't yet "doomed", but there's not really a
         | lot of credit to go around for anyone collectively doing the
         | right thing. (Individual action was always something of a red
         | herring given how dwarfed individuals are by large corporations
         | and industries. It's probably not worth handing out gold stars
         | for individuals doing their part, either.)
        
           | tunesmith wrote:
           | This is why it's so hard to ask my question, because I feel
           | like this mentality is so oppressive.
           | 
           | You're not literally arguing that LED light bulbs and EV cars
           | somehow _enabled_ cryptocurrency mining operations, are you?
           | 
           | What I'm asking is: for the set of actions we have taken due
           | to environmental policy that have led to reduced emissions,
           | what is the effect of those policies compared to if we hadn't
           | enacted those policies? For instance, if LED light bulbs and
           | EV cars are a result of those policies, then where would be
           | if we hadn't done that, and _still_ had cryptocurrency mining
           | operations?
           | 
           | In other words, how much have we bent the curve? _Not_
           | compared to previous estimates, but compared to what reality
           | would have been if-not-for?
           | 
           | Because, unless the argument is that these policies have
           | actually had _more_ perverse outcomes than beneficial
           | outcomes, it 's literally impossible that we haven't bent the
           | curve. I'd like to see more reporting on how much we have
           | bent the curve, because I think it would supply positive
           | motivation.
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | > You're not literally arguing that LED light bulbs and EV
             | cars somehow enabled cryptocurrency mining operations, are
             | you?
             | 
             | I somewhat am. It's far more correlation than direct
             | causation, but the added energy equivalent of an entire
             | second world country such as Iceland doesn't just spring
             | out of nowhere, especially when considering nearly zero-sum
             | fossil fuel utilization. Assuming that fossil fuel
             | mining/drilling/refining _didn 't_ massively increase over
             | the same years (and statistically it hasn't, it mostly
             | appears "constant"), much of the energy that things like
             | cryptocurrency mining have used have by simple matter of
             | fact come in part from efficiencies gained _elsewhere_ in
             | the overall energy ecosystem.
             | 
             | It's not entirely a zero sum game of course, because there
             | has been an increase in renewable energy sources (hydro,
             | solar, and wind especially), but it certainly awfully looks
             | like it is still close enough to zero-sum or possibly even
             | (pessimistically) negatively weighted sum, with regards to
             | carbon output, when even given huge increases in renewable
             | energy mixes across the world we didn't see net decreases
             | in things like coal-fired power plants at the scale we
             | should have. We keep collectively finding ways to use
             | roughly all of the available fossil fuel energy extracted
             | each year, despite focuses on renewables and despite
             | efforts at using less energy overall in average households.
             | 
             | Is that a perverse outcome of well-intentioned policies?
             | I'm not entirely sure. Cynically, it certainly feels like
             | it.
             | 
             | Positive motivation would be great to have, you are
             | correct. I don't think we have enough of it in current
             | policies. (We needed carbon _caps_ , not [just]
             | credits/offsets. We needed carbon taxes to internalize to
             | markets externalities they don't actually care to watch. We
             | didn't get those things. We still seem unlikely to get
             | those things.)
             | 
             | The best positive motivation I'm aware of that we're
             | finally seeing "just in time" some of the effects of a
             | greatly healed Ozone layer, which proves the concerns about
             | Ozone depleting chemicals in 80s and 90s had the desired
             | effect and the efforts to eradicate them were not
             | hyperbolic and were definitely necessary (and that climate
             | change would be much, much worse in most of the world had
             | we not made those changes; though Australia and its strict
             | sunscreen regimens can still tell us how much the remaining
             | Ozone damage is a present threat in anthropogenic climate
             | change).
             | 
             | I still sometimes worry that we needed (years ago) an
             | attitude like _that_ towards things like a possible ban on
             | cryptocurrency energy usage if we actually wanted to bend
             | the curve, but in the 2020s the fact that things like
             | fighting for the Ozone _succeeded_ "quietly" almost
             | dastardly make it harder to fight for political will _now_
             | because  "people already did their part and sacrificed for
             | 'nothing' and are exhausted".
        
       | yamtaddle wrote:
       | Looking at the CO2 concentration per year chart: how long until
       | we've got Spaceballs' "Perri Air" to avoid cognitive impairment?
       | Anyone already experimenting with getting their indoor air closer
       | to the (extrapolating a bit) ~250-280PPM of the pre-industrial
       | atmosphere? This'd be a step farther than people who vent in
       | outdoor air to keep indoor air from creeping even higher due to
       | respiration and such.
        
         | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
         | Ventilation (or lack of it, due better sealing that prevents
         | continuous ventilation through cracks) will have much more
         | impact than background concentration.
        
       | Am4TIfIsER0ppos wrote:
       | > at the Swiss resort of Interlaken
       | 
       | I hope they all walked up there after taking their sail boats
       | across the ocean.
        
       | Ligma123 wrote:
       | oh boy I guess this is our last "last chance"
        
         | dudeDDRrulez wrote:
         | Yeah where have I heard that before? Oh yes, it was "at least
         | once a year for the past three decades".
         | 
         | The story of the little boy that cried wolf comes to mind...
        
           | tgv wrote:
           | Don't the sheep get eaten in the end? Or was that your point?
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | Average corp still don't care! 1.5C is just a number. Until we
       | _witness_ cities with populations over 1 million _destroyed_ by
       | climate change, warnings will continue to be (largely) ignored.
       | Yes, it will take _that much destruction_ before we collectively
       | get our shit together and force ourselves to stop burning fossil
       | fuels.
        
       | yk wrote:
       | The problem is to a large part one of attack surface, if we don't
       | have anything to talk about we talk about weather because weather
       | effects everything and everyone. Thing is, all our systems are
       | tuned to how the weather is right now, if climate and thus
       | weather changes, problems can potentially pop up just about
       | everywhere. Now we can talk about the systems we know are at a
       | critical location, like coral reefs, but the actual problem is
       | about unknown unknowns: Right now we are taking the bet that the
       | worst problem connected to a changing climate that nobody has
       | thought about is quite bearable, which to me doesn't look like a
       | good bet.
        
       | sazz wrote:
       | TL;DR - Sorry for this long post.
       | 
       | "Scientists have issued a "final warning" on the climate crisis
       | as rising greenhouse gas emissions bring the world to the brink
       | of irreversible damage that can only be averted by swift and
       | drastic action."
       | 
       | OMG.
       | 
       | I just stopped reading after the first paragraph. Welcome to the
       | attention economy where only the biggest fairground screamer gets
       | a hearing. Except that fairground screamers are definitely not
       | part of the achievements of "age of enlightenment".
       | 
       | I remember a few years ago - when it was about the populism of
       | extreme right-wing parties - how the propaganda was described:
       | First a problem is described as a catastrophe, and then the only
       | way to solve it is presented. Any parallels?
       | 
       | Nothing - but absolutely nothing - makes sense in this paragraph.
       | Where is the critical thinking that "science" always prides
       | itself?
       | 
       | It starts with the fact that scientists have issued a final
       | warning on the climate crisis. Sounds somehow like parents who
       | are at their wits' end with their educational measures and don't
       | know what to do next. And what does "final warning" actually
       | mean? Will we be spared that from next year on? Or will there be
       | the "really last warning", the "last last warning" or the "last
       | last warning 2"?
       | 
       | I am sure they will continue with their "warnings" next year.
       | What else are they supposed to do?
       | 
       | So then the world comes to the brink of irrevocable damage? What
       | is that supposed to be? Irreversible damage like the last
       | eruption of Eyjafjallajokull in 2010, the irreversible damage of
       | the Hiroshima bombs, the irreversible damage of the last world
       | war?
       | 
       | The world is continuously changing. Things are destroyed and
       | things are rebuilt. We dig up the earth everywhere we greed for
       | mineral resources. For the next iPhone of the very scientists who
       | warn against it. We changed the surface of the Earth a dozen
       | times but now it's irreversible. Fun fact: If nature gets the
       | chance in 1.000 years nothing will be there anymore because
       | nature irreversible changed everything again. Is this a
       | catastrophe as well?
       | 
       | But it's not even "damage", it's just the "brink of possible
       | damage". So we are heading for a situation that might produce
       | damage - and that we can only prevent by taking drastic measures.
       | 
       | But who tells us that precisely these drastic measures will not
       | also lead to damage?
       | 
       | Yes, the climate is changing. The glaciers are melting and
       | suddenly old Roman roads appear that led over the mountains. Yes,
       | it was warmer 2,000 years ago, too. But probably someone forgot
       | to announce to the people back then that they were living on the
       | brink of a catastrophe or something.
       | 
       | Before anybody asks: Yes, lets clean the oceans. Lets plant
       | trees. Lets adapt to the climate change. Lets invest in robust
       | energy sources which are not dependent on wind or sun for which
       | we have to cut down forests and destroy seas. But don't be that
       | arrogant to think that using a master plan we can control a
       | complex, non-deterministic, loopback-based system on the edge of
       | chaos.
       | 
       | This never happened. And this never will. And those systems are
       | always "irreversible" because that's the nature of it.
        
       | alfor wrote:
       | My comment was removed because it doesn't support the current
       | orthodoxy. (and could make people feel bad about their new
       | climate religion)
       | 
       | I would be great if the censure applied here would put the
       | comments censored on another page with a link to it.
       | 
       | That way people interested could see what is removed and why.
       | Instead of being it silent and hidden.
       | 
       | More and more I feel that HN has become an echo chamber where
       | only one direction is allowed.
       | 
       | TLDR: make censure explicit and visible instead of hidden.
        
       | realworldperson wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | juujian wrote:
       | Just looking at the press conference slides, some notable stuff
       | in there. "The challeng ... Cut global GHG emissions by nearly
       | half by 2030." I don't know why they bother putting that in
       | there, it is obviously not going to happen. We will be lucky if
       | by 2030 the emissions are below the current level...
        
       | julosflb wrote:
       | "There is a rapidly closing window of opportunity to secure a
       | liveable and sustainable future for all (very high confidence)"
       | 
       | Given how each word is carefully weighted in their report, this
       | sounds a bit scary to me.
        
       | adamwong246 wrote:
       | We could have saved the Earth but we were too damned cheap. ~Kurt
       | Vonnegut
        
       | zpeti wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | polotics wrote:
         | The IPCC sadly had to accommodate economists, and they went one
         | to do what economists do. However they got cordoned off in a
         | separate section. Of course economic growth of Pakistan has
         | been severely impacted by the floods they recently got, but hey
         | what's evidence and anyway, it's all just a far away 'stan,
         | right? The hard science sections tell it like it is, then the
         | growth of GDP can be gamed in oh so many ways, maybe a beach
         | that survived +2 warming and still looks good is worth visiting
         | to the tune of _1000 more in $ /vacation-day, right? Well then
         | here is your GDP boost right there, all you got to have is
         | someone still able to afford the _1000...
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | The IPCC are the people who wrote the source report in the
           | first place! If you don't trust their analysis of climate
           | change, I'm not sure what we're doing here - do you have some
           | other source you think is more reliable?
        
           | luckylion wrote:
           | Should we just tell Pakistan to suck it and not develop?
           | Should we just shut down all economic activity that isn't
           | related to sequestering co2?
           | 
           | It seems obvious that there's a tension between economic
           | activity (aka living in a somewhat developed country) and
           | resource usage.
        
             | nukeman wrote:
             | No, it's more along the lines of "build a high-speed rail
             | line from Karachi to Islamabad" instead of encouraging
             | further air travel. The corridor is around 1500 km long, so
             | a line with an average operating speed of 320 kph would
             | enable sub-5 hour journey times, and allow for a reduction
             | or elimination of air services between the two cities
             | (currently 105 per week).
        
         | wing-_-nuts wrote:
         | I cannot comprehend how someone could look at the evidence and
         | conclude that growth will continue uninterrupted as the natural
         | world is destroyed around us.
         | 
         | If you really don't believe climate change will have any
         | impact, you should take a look at the actions of insurance
         | companies. Their survival depends on them properly pricing in
         | climate risk, and there's a reason why they've largely
         | abandoned florida.
        
           | FrojoS wrote:
           | you: > [...] If you really don't believe climate change will
           | have any impact [...]
           | 
           | parent: > [...] they only predict that economic growth will
           | be less because of climate change [...]
        
         | Rygian wrote:
         | "Economic growth" is probably a bad indicator to follow.
         | 
         | I would rather follow "number of excess death directly or
         | indirectly linked to climate change." I don't know if that can
         | be calculated somewhere.
        
           | prottog wrote:
           | And who will follow the number of excess lives that were
           | enabled by the deployment of cheap (and yes, dirty) fossil
           | fuel energy among the global poor? These decisions aren't
           | made in a vacuum. We must weigh the costs and the benefits.
        
           | polotics wrote:
           | Also note that most deaths actually do boost the GDP metric,
           | in the short term...
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | > "Economic growth" is probably a bad indicator to follow.
           | 
           | Why? Isn't economic activity a very good proxy for normal
           | human life, good living standards, and the capacity to adapt
           | to any conceivable challenges? Limited economic impact from
           | climate change is arguably the most important and positive
           | climate related news you could ever hope to see.
           | 
           | > I would rather follow "number of excess death directly or
           | indirectly linked to climate change." I don't know if that
           | can be calculated somewhere.
           | 
           | Excess deaths due to climate change, or perhaps a ratio of
           | excess deaths relative to the total population, might be a
           | great metric to consider. But how could one even begin to
           | calculate this in a way that wasn't agenda driven? One could
           | spin pretty much anything as directly or indirectly linked to
           | climate change. Maybe you won't, but others will.
           | 
           | If there's bad political policies that screws over the global
           | economy (possibly caused by the attempt to react to climate
           | change itself) and masses starve to death the "experts" can
           | spin it as "Economic pressures from climate change killed
           | these people."
           | 
           | If there's government incompetence that poisons some water
           | supply and kills a bunch of people the "experts" can spin it
           | as "Pressures from a changing climate contributed to a
           | reduction in the fresh water supply that contributed to mass
           | deaths."
           | 
           | If there's some civil war that kills a bunch of people the
           | "experts" can spin it as "Civil strife brought about
           | partially from the social pressures caused by economic
           | inequality due to a lack of climate justice caused this."
           | 
           | If there's any natural disaster that kills a lot of people
           | the "experts" can spin it as "Continued impacts from climate
           | change contributed to the massive death toll."
           | 
           | Voila, climate change directly or indirectly killed 2 billion
           | people over some large time period, depending on how you
           | count it.
           | 
           | Whether you agree with it or not, using that metric is going
           | to feel a lot like Covid where both sides see the "other
           | side's" statistical interpretation of reality as completely
           | untrustworthy.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > Why? Isn't economic activity a very good proxy for normal
             | human life, good living standards, and the capacity to
             | adapt to any conceivable challenges?
             | 
             | It's not a _bad_ proxy, but it surely is not as good as
             | _actual excess death_ as proxy for  "normal human life,
             | good living standards and the capacity to adapt". Economic
             | activity is means to those ends; excess death is a
             | measurement of how far we can attain them.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | > It's not a bad proxy, but it surely is not as good as
               | actual excess death as proxy for "normal human life, good
               | living standards and the capacity to adapt".
               | 
               | Excess deaths, in and of themselves, only tell you that
               | more people than average died. Excess deaths, in and of
               | themselves, don't tell you why they died.
               | 
               | While a total number of human deaths is objective and can
               | be counted with nearly perfect confidence, human deaths
               | from a specific cause can be extraordinarily subjective.
               | I gave some examples in the post you're replying to, but
               | anybody with an agenda can link virtually anything to
               | climate change if they really want to. Therefore, this
               | metric isn't going to be persuasive to a large amount of
               | people.
        
               | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
               | That's the whole point: it doesn't matter why they died.
               | If you're doing things well, excess deaths are low. If
               | you're doing things badly, excess deaths are high. Could
               | be a multiplicity of reasons that connect "bad" and
               | "excess deaths", and the specifics won't matter if you're
               | looking for a summary of "normal human life, good living
               | standards, capacity to adapt".
        
           | SamReidHughes wrote:
           | > "number of excess death directly or indirectly linked to
           | climate change."
           | 
           | That will be a negative number.
           | 
           | Because "climate change" i.e. global warming will see
           | increased temperatures and increased crop yields.
        
         | mjhay wrote:
         | Bjorn Lomborg is a professional contrarian spouting nonsense.
         | 
         | https://www.lse.ac.uk/granthaminstitute/news/a-closer-examin...
        
       | amai wrote:
       | So what? After my vacation in Dubai I'm going to buy my next SUV
       | with BitCoins.
        
         | greenie_beans wrote:
         | why are you gonna do that?
        
           | rad_gruchalski wrote:
           | Maybe they don't have children. Thus a lot of "free credits".
        
       | rationalist2948 wrote:
       | So, we hear alarms about humans causing rapid climate change.
       | Sorry, I don't believe the claims, don't believe that a
       | meaningful case has been made, and have to explain the alarms as
       | driven by people looking for money from political power, media
       | looking for eyeballs for ad revenue (money), and _convenient
       | idiots_ deliberately misled by the leaders.
       | 
       | Bluntly, so far there is no credible evidence that human sources
       | of greenhouse gasses have caused, are causing, or will cause
       | significant temperature change of the earth.
       | 
       | Efforts were made to say what effects CO2 (and other greenhouse
       | gasses) would have on temperature. The results were summarized in
       | a graph in
       | 
       | http://www.energyadvocate.com/gc1.jpg
       | 
       | The results varied from no significant changes in temperature to
       | massive "hockey stick" changes.
       | 
       | The times of the predicted changes came and went years ago with
       | no credible evidence of significant changes. The efforts that
       | predicted significant changes were all bad science, and I don't
       | believe that they were objective science.
       | 
       | At present the predictions of significant changes have no
       | credibility and look convincingly like just a flim-flam scam
       | running after money and power.
       | 
       | In short, the efforts summarized in
       | 
       | http://www.energyadvocate.com/gc1.jpg
       | 
       | show that we have no credible scientific evidence that human
       | sources of CO2 have caused, are causing, or will cause
       | significant temperature change. The alarmists about CO2 lost
       | their credibility.
       | 
       | If the CO2 does not cause significant temperature change, then it
       | will not cause significant "climate change" or a "climate
       | crisis".
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | Are you boiling all of climate change research to a single
         | graph from a decade ago presented without context?
        
         | thicknavyrain wrote:
         | I'm not entirely sure what your graphs are presenting, but the
         | IPCC climate models have done a pretty damn good job predicting
         | global temperature rises since the 70s:
         | https://www.carbonbrief.org/analysis-how-well-have-climate-m...
        
           | thicknavyrain wrote:
           | Which, I should have pointed out in the original comment,
           | relied on, yes, anthropogenic carbon emissions.
        
       | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
       | This whole "act now or it will be too late", I think actually
       | damages our chances of dealing with this.
       | 
       | The reason is that there is a good chance we will blow past 1.5,
       | and this will be brought up as evidence that they are just
       | "crying wolf".
       | 
       | My guess is that the "final warning" phrasing is more news media
       | and not actual scientists. If so, the news media is doing a great
       | disservice to humanity.
        
       | wing-_-nuts wrote:
       | It always makes me sad how scientists have to put on a brave face
       | and try to tell us there's _still time_. Sadly, they know the
       | most likely outcome puts us blowing past 3C by the end of the
       | century, and  'carbon capture' isn't going to save us.
       | 
       | If you guys are planning to see the natural world in retirement,
       | don't wait. Better to see it as it is now than what it will
       | become.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | mikeholler wrote:
         | It's not a brave face. The science tells us that we're on a
         | better and improving track. It's not without hope. A decade ago
         | we thought we were on track for 6C by the end of the century.
         | 
         | That said, it's still going to be worse than we all want it to
         | be. Like many things, the truth lies in the middle and all we
         | can do is push hard on the margins.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | buzzert wrote:
         | > If you guys are planning to see the natural world in
         | retirement, don't wait. Better to see it as it is now than what
         | it will become.
         | 
         | What exactly are you saying here? That in 30 years, the entire
         | planet will be an arid desert?
        
           | wing-_-nuts wrote:
           | No, the entire planet will not become arid desert, don't be
           | silly, but the world will be getting hotter and drier. Coral
           | reefs will bleach. Rain forest will give way to savanna.
           | glaciers will disappear. The world will be irrevocably
           | changed.
        
       | slothtrop wrote:
       | Final report, not final warning - that's the guardian's headline
       | spin, the 'warning' comes from a "climate expert at Greenpeace
       | International" in the article.
       | 
       | "The Synthesis Report will be the last of the AR6 products and is
       | scheduled to be released in March 2023 to inform the 2023 Global
       | Stocktake under the United Nations Framework Convention on
       | Climate Change."
        
       | noiv wrote:
       | Well, some weeks ago The Guardian wrote:
       | 
       | Early forecasts suggest El Nino will return later in 2023,
       | exacerbating extreme weather around the globe and making it "very
       | likely" the world will exceed 1.5C of warming. The hottest year
       | in recorded history, 2016, was driven by a major El Nino.
       | 
       | 1.5degC is basically already locked in.
       | 
       | https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2023/jan/16/return-o...
        
         | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
         | I'm confused as to how a part of the system can cause a change
         | in the whole system. I understand it's changes based upon ocean
         | temperatures, but it's not as though during an El Nino yeah our
         | global temperature goes up and during a La Nina year it goes
         | down, right? I can follow that El Nino will get worse and cause
         | more local extremes across the global, but I don't know how it
         | will cause or exacerbate the 1.5C global heating.
        
           | noiv wrote:
           | Warming of 1.5C is an average over the entire planet and a
           | warming Pacific Ocean can drive this average beyond the
           | threshold.
           | 
           | Also nowadays an El Nina more or less pauses the warming.
        
             | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
             | It's an El Nino actually a warm Pacific ocean? I assumed it
             | was changes in currents that were already there.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | > as rising greenhouse gas emissions push the world to the brink
       | of irrevocable damage that only swift and drastic action can
       | avert.
       | 
       | Well like no one knew that :) But the official report I am sure
       | details all the background to prove that statement. It is too bad
       | the people that can do something will not only ignore the report
       | but probably will double down.
        
       | pocketarc wrote:
       | Is it just my memory playing tricks, or did we not use to talk
       | about crossing the 1C threshold? I guess now that that's not a
       | possibility anymore, we're moving to the next, hoping to get some
       | sort of action out of politicians.
       | 
       | I strongly suspect we're going to cross the 2C threshold in our
       | lifetimes.
       | 
       | The willpower to change things isn't there, and the effects are
       | too far removed from our decisions. Even the floods and droughts
       | are easy to ignore, telling yourself "it's not happening here,
       | just some random far away place".
       | 
       | But I also think that we'll slowly start reducing our emissions
       | anyway, as electric cars and green energy keep spreading. So we
       | will eventually reach an equilibrium. I just don't think that
       | that'll be before the 2C threshold.
        
         | mistrial9 wrote:
         | How about the hot-fresh super charged activist group called (
         | _edit_ ) "Climate 350" .. stop those carbon density numbers
         | from climbing before it is TOO LATE
         | 
         | less than two years after it was formed the PPM went past 360,
         | then not long after went past 400 PPM iir.. how can those
         | people feel emotionally after that?
        
           | ZeroGravitas wrote:
           | Are you thinking of https://350.org/about/#history.
           | 
           | As far as I can tell, it was already past their "safe" target
           | when formed, they were just setting a target to aim for in
           | the long term.
        
             | mistrial9 wrote:
             | > it was already past their "safe" target when formed
             | 
             | no, look how bad it is .. the target was close and ahead of
             | them when it founded. Now from media sources and casual
             | inspection, a person cannot even tell that the atmospheric
             | concentration was less than 350 at that time. Awful.
        
         | Symmetry wrote:
         | Well, .5 C degree increments in average temperature are big
         | enough to be qualitatively different, so that's why we use
         | them. Hitting 1.5 C includes some things things like "All the
         | ice in the arctic melts in the summer which really sucks for
         | local wildlife" but nothing with huge negative effects on
         | humans. 2.0 C includes "Sea level rise wipes some small island
         | nations off the map", though, which made it of particular
         | concern to said island nations during negotiations.
         | 
         | Probably, the climate is a complex system and we've never had a
         | ringside view of CO2 levels rising this rapidly so there's
         | really a large degree of both upside and downside uncertainty
         | in all of this. Probably hitting 2C just means a few refugee
         | crises and no disasters that'll effect most of humanity but we
         | can't be sure.
        
       | ttiurani wrote:
       | A major addition to this report compared to previous ones was the
       | emphasis on "demand side" mitigations. That means scaling down
       | excess energy use in a way that doesn't compromise people's
       | quality of life.
       | 
       | For example this paper suggests that in the UK a reduction of 52%
       | by 2050 compared with 2020 levels is possible.
       | 
       | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41560-022-01057-y
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | swader999 wrote:
       | It was refreshing to see Greta delete her "were all doomed in
       | five years tweet from 2018" last week. They also took down the
       | signs in Glacier Park that predicted the glaciers would be gone
       | by now near where I live.
        
         | sbate1987 wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | geysersam wrote:
         | Glaciers are disappearing globally.
         | 
         | http://wgms.ch/data/faq/_FAQ_RefGlac_Global_Cum_MB.svg
        
         | CatWChainsaw wrote:
         | Sweet, I didn't realize that that automatically means doom is
         | never going to happen.
        
         | jf22 wrote:
         | Is your point that sometimes people get predictions wrong?
        
           | prottog wrote:
           | Not the GP, but sure, if the people making those wrong
           | predictions are advocating for policy changes that will
           | impoverish so many people.
        
             | DoctorOW wrote:
             | Climate change is already impoverishing people.
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | Not as many as cheap energy from fossil fuels are lifting
               | the global poor out of poverty.
        
             | jf22 wrote:
             | How accurate do people have to be in their predictions to
             | advocate for policy change?
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | If said policy change is a radical departure from status
               | quo that allowed humanity to flourish since the start of
               | the Industrial Revolution, then quite accurate indeed.
               | People can't just bandy about phrases like "abolish
               | fossil fuels" without justifying it with strong evidence.
               | 
               | Most climate advocacy, I find, focuses too much on the
               | doom and gloom of what will happen if we continue down
               | our present path, and not enough on the number of lives
               | that have been and will continue to be enriched by easily
               | and cheaply accessible energy from fossil fuels. I am
               | aware of the downsides and by no means think we should
               | pollute for the sake of polluting, but I remain
               | unconvinced by the current alternatives proposed by the
               | overall climate movement.
        
               | charbonneau wrote:
               | [dead]
        
         | ch4s3 wrote:
         | Should they take down those signs? I would personally prefer
         | for things like that to stay up with contextualization about
         | how scientific understanding has changed and why the prediction
         | was wrong.
        
           | PurpleRamen wrote:
           | The predictions were not wrong. Society changed, people
           | reacted to Greta and others, and that changed the situation,
           | and thus the predictions. The Pandemia and pausing industries
           | on a global scale did their own share. And as sad as it is,
           | the war in Ukraine was finally a massive boost for changes in
           | Europe's energy-infrastructure. People previously thought it
           | would take decades, what now is finished in some years.
           | 
           | The initial predictions at the time were for the situation
           | then, but if the situation changes, the predictions won't
           | become wrong, just outdated.
        
             | ch4s3 wrote:
             | Is that true? And assuming it is, the model was still wrong
             | as an assumption of business as usual is part of that
             | model. But I don't see how any of that could have prevented
             | a glacier from melting by 2023 or the world from being
             | "doomed" by 2018.
        
               | mrmanner wrote:
               | The model didn't _assume_ business as usual. It explained
               | the consequences of business as usual.
        
               | ch4s3 wrote:
               | I'm being charitable by saying "model". Greta was just
               | making shit up when claiming the world would be doomed in
               | 5 years back in 2018. But models don't explain what will
               | happen in the future, they predict and they bake in a lot
               | of assumptions. Any model that predicted an ice free
               | Glacier National Park by 2023 was simply wrong, and it
               | was doubly wrong to post signage that stated the
               | prediction as fact.
        
             | scottLobster wrote:
             | Haha society changed? In what way? Of the factors you
             | mentioned I'd say that had a negligible impact on climate
             | change if any at all.
             | 
             | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zJdqJu-6ZPo
             | 
             | And we can debate semantics, but the prediction failed to
             | accurately predict the future, as is the norm for climate
             | catastrophists. It's all emotional appeal to whip up the
             | masses to vote, same way gun and ammo prices spike whenever
             | a democrat wins the Presidency. I would hope people who
             | actually have the power to help solve the problem are
             | looking at the issue more objectively.
        
         | robertoandred wrote:
         | That's of course not what her tweet said. Did you intentionally
         | misread it or just get it through an incorrect grapevine?
        
           | jimmar wrote:
           | Her tweet was, "A top climate scientist is warning that
           | climate change will wipe out all of humanity unless we stop
           | using fossil fuels over the next five years."
           | 
           | Not that far off from, "We're all doomed in five years,"
           | because we definitely did not stop using fossil fuels, and in
           | my opinion, wiping out all of humanity would count as doom.
        
             | rad_gruchalski wrote:
             | It kind of depends what does the "over the next five years"
             | refers to. I would assume she meant "if we don't stop using
             | fossil fuels within the next five years, the humanity will
             | get wiped out in some unspecified time".
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | So, what she is saying is that now we are all doomed
             | anyway. So we can as well have fun while we can. So let's
             | just stop this climate change nonsense and party until we
             | all die.
        
       | jfengel wrote:
       | It's the "final warning" in the sense that the next report is
       | going to be issued in 2030. By that time, 1.5C will be be
       | inevitable. We may not have hit the temperature yet, but only
       | because it takes a few years for the temperature to respond to
       | the greenhouse gases already in the atmosphere.
       | 
       | Which is to say, if we don't change right now, then when the next
       | report comes out, we will already have enough CO2 in the
       | atmosphere to be at 1.5C -- even if we stopped burning fossil
       | fuels absolutely and utterly.
       | 
       | I'm really not sure how much such a warning can accomplish, after
       | decades of having been ignored in the past. I've been treating
       | 1.5C as a fait accompli already.
       | 
       | The problem for me is less about the actual temperature, or even
       | the disasters that will come of it, but what it does to American
       | culture right now. The whole world has failed to solve the
       | problem, but I think America was the lynchpin. We deny that the
       | problem exists, making it much harder for the rest of the world
       | to summon the will to spend money to do it.
       | 
       | But in America, that has cost us our relationship to science. Any
       | HN discussion is sure to be filled with criticisms of the
       | scientists, many of them insisting now that this is all some kind
       | of leftist power trip. That has utterly destroyed not just our
       | ability to use science for any national ends, but an implacable,
       | violent hostility between political groups.
       | 
       | Climate change is only one part of that culture war, but it is a
       | particularly strong example. The climate conspiracy theorists are
       | simply wrong, just plain factually on the face of it. It's not a
       | matter of values, or interpretation, or conflicting scientific
       | models. There's a right and a wrong answer, and if even that
       | turns to bitter hatred, how an we possibly resolve any genuine
       | differences of opinion?
        
         | br4dN3w wrote:
         | Is the issue with science or with humans in science who also
         | contribute to the problem via their career roleplay; energy
         | hungry facilities, gadgets for personal and job roles, global
         | travel, and celebrity within their respective specialties, some
         | of them peddling books and pop science gibberish to sell them
         | (looking at Brian Green, Michio, and Sam Harris types).
         | 
         | Everyone needs to kill their figurative identity and accept
         | their literal behavior is a contributing factor.
         | 
         | Science does not require credentials and figurative status in
         | life. Science has been swallowed by American gamesmanship of
         | agency, shallow fiat currency schemes.
         | 
         | The issue is very literal and we humans prefer to live in
         | emotional abstraction like nation state pride, wealth chasing,
         | and out-bro'ing each other. We're just petty dumb animals. Is
         | climate change a problem to anything but us? If so, who really
         | cares; if we're not going to make the species more important
         | through change in agency, let it die off.
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | I can't believe the problem has anything at all to do with
           | specific individuals in science when the clear elephant in
           | the room is that an entire American political party decided
           | decades ago that facts and reality were biased against them
           | and the only "solution" was to treat reality and facts as the
           | enemy, choose anti-intellectualism as a core party
           | platform/tenet, and to keep votes that they needed to keep at
           | least half of America consistently playing a conspiracy-
           | theory-laced alternate reality game of utter brinksmanship
           | and terrifying levels of distrust and paranoia versus actual
           | reality.
        
       | p0pcult wrote:
       | Geoengineering, lets gooooooooooo!
        
       | af3d wrote:
       | Not concerned. The climate has been in a constant state of
       | fluctuation since the beginning of time....
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | I would like to understand your PoV:
         | 
         | Are you not concerned because you think current mainstream-
         | science overestimates the consequences [1]? Or do you just
         | believe that climate change will have little effect on you,
         | personally?
         | 
         | [1]: Flooding, biodiversity loss, food production yield,
         | increase in regions and days/year with human-lethal outside
         | temperatures (see relevant graphs in "summary for policymakers"
         | around pg 16)
        
           | af3d wrote:
           | Climate activists have been declaring impending doom for
           | years. So much so that it has become an entire industry. NOAA
           | has even altered historical data (eg.
           | https://climatecenter.fsu.edu/does-noaa-adjust-historical-
           | cl...) to support their ridiculous claims. And when the rise
           | of temperatures didn't meet "expectations" they just moved
           | the goal post. Used to Wikipedia actually had an article for
           | "Global Warming". Where did it go? Ah yes, now moved to
           | "Climate Change". See how that works? Bottom line, do the
           | activities of humans have some effect on the environment?
           | Yes, of course, but it's minuscule compared with the impact
           | that natural forces have on it (volcanoes, solar activity,
           | etc).
        
         | chrismatic wrote:
         | Just to be sure: You are being sarcastic, right?
        
           | PheeThav1zae7fi wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | chrismatic wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
               | dang wrote:
               | " _Don 't feed egregious comments by replying; flag them
               | instead._"
               | 
               | a.k.a. please don't feed the trolls
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | megabless123 wrote:
         | Yes the planet's climate has always been in flux, but never has
         | it warmed this _quickly_ without disastrous results for it 's
         | inhabitants.
        
       | Rygian wrote:
       | For anyone interested in what 1.5C represents, I can't recommend
       | enough the Climate Fresk [1] exercise.
       | 
       | It's not just the droughts and floods, the heatwaves, the changes
       | in birds, insects, crop yields, ... Include permafrost melting
       | and releasing greenhouse gasses, civil unrest in populated areas
       | that won't be livable anymore, unstable food production, and
       | quite a few other causes and consequences.
       | 
       | It's a feedback loop of many moving parts. Thinking that "we will
       | reach an equilibrium eventually" is probably a naive take. The
       | next natural equilibrium probably includes a decimated world
       | population.
       | 
       | Positive action is necessary now. If you don't know what action
       | to do, go to [1] and start there.
       | 
       | [1] https://climatefresk.org/
        
         | skrowl wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing that. I signed up for a workshop on
         | Thursday!
        
         | tito wrote:
         | Thanks! I wonder if there's a digital game or model version of
         | this. Feedback loops can be pretty entertaining if presented
         | well.
        
         | Retric wrote:
         | Overstating impact is detrimental to the cause.
         | 
         | > decimated
         | 
         | 1.5C will be bad, but it won't directly kill 800+ million
         | people in a short timeframe. People simply don't respond to
         | harm spread across 100 years the way they react to harm
         | concentrated into a few large events.
        
           | bertil wrote:
           | OK: how will their respond?
           | 
           | Imagine you live in a valley where elderly people die of heat
           | stroke every summer: 100 three years ago, 500 the summer
           | after, 2,000 last summer. Your parents are 70 and 71 and
           | barely made it. You immigrate, with your children, right? To
           | where? The big city with worse heat management?
           | 
           | Repeat with peasants who can't grow crops without expensive
           | feedstock, or pig farmers whose water supply is dry. Where
           | will _they_ go?
           | 
           | People will want to flock to places that are currently openly
           | considering tall walls and machine guns to prevent
           | immigration -- and that's when thousands are coming at a
           | time.
           | 
           | You think that having several millions every year will not
           | make that situation a lot more tense?
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | geysersam wrote:
           | So is understating the impact.
           | 
           | This take is seriously dangerous.
           | 
           | "1.5C is not so bad, chill people"
           | 
           | When the fact is - _we don 't know the impact_ - if we go
           | beyond 1.5.
           | 
           | What we do know (because it's already very much measurable)
           | is that much of the worlds glaciers will melt, causing
           | drought.
           | 
           | What we do know is that eventually the sea levels will rise
           | and drown many extremely valuable coastal areas.
        
             | scottLobster wrote:
             | I'd argue we have no idea what will happen when the
             | glaciers melt, given the lack of accurate climate change
             | predictions to date. We have a lot of models that have
             | historically proven very incomplete with no reason to
             | believe they're any more complete now.
             | 
             | The oceans rising is more a problem, but it's not going to
             | end human civilization and will happen slowly enough that
             | adaptation is possible, albeit expensive. "Drowning" is
             | hyperbole.
             | 
             | Uncertainty is just that, uncertainty. It will be positive
             | for some areas and negative for others. Those of us who
             | benefit from the status quo (myself included) can argue it
             | would be unwise to mess up a good thing, but the simple
             | fact is we have no idea. There will be winners as well as
             | losers. It's quite possible that the midwest becomes wet
             | enough that American farmers will become even more
             | productive through double-cropping, for starters. Likewise
             | the Russians look forward to their northern coastline
             | thawing.
             | 
             | The sky isn't falling, it's shifting, and while we probably
             | should minimize the shift as much as practical, we
             | shouldn't plunge ourselves into an economic depression to
             | do it.
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | Oh my Sweet Summer Child, you really have an unplaced
               | faith in humanity - especially given our track record.
               | "The sky is shifting" - is a hand-wave to the life-
               | changing impacts headed our way and what our collective
               | response to those impacts will be. Look how nuts people
               | are getting over what are mere trivialities in
               | comparison. Wait until there's crop failures threatening
               | our food supply, fresh water supplies being threatened,
               | property damage on the scale never seen in history, the
               | religious blaming the non-religious for all our woes -
               | the list goes on.
               | 
               | That's some "shifting."
        
               | p0pcult wrote:
               | >Oh my Sweet Summer Child
               | 
               | Yeah, this person offers nothing but condescension.
               | Immediate downvote.
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | Just wait until our upcoming reality hits the conspiracy
               | theorists and religious fanatics. Climate change is going
               | to herald in Dark Ages 2.0. I suppose the upside to that
               | is eventually there will be an Enlightenment 2.0 also,
               | and hopefully we'll get there faster than it took the
               | first time.
               | 
               | BTW, Dark Ages 1.0 wasn't even the first time humanity
               | has been through a dark age...
               | 
               | ...honestly, it pays to study history to start
               | understanding what's headed our way.
               | 
               | We've been here before.
        
               | p0pcult wrote:
               | I don't disagree with the existential threat proposed by
               | climate change. I just think that you're being a
               | condescending jerk, which will ultimately only impede
               | progress toward your goals.
               | 
               | You're not going to convince people of your cause by
               | calling them ignorant. Jesus.
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | "The sky is shifting" is a euphemism to hide the ugly
               | truth of what we face. The OP is lying to themselves. The
               | phrase "Sweet Summer Child" doesn't connote ignorance, it
               | connotes innocence and naivete.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | We've arguably had 2 dark ages in western history though
               | they were both localized. Meanwhile people constantly
               | predict imminent disaster.
               | 
               | If there's anything to learn from history it's that
               | things might suck but they will probably be relatively
               | ok. Hell the Black Death didn't doom western civilization
               | and it got really bad.
               | 
               | PS: 500-1500 actually saw a great deal of innovation and
               | improvements to the average persons quality of live
               | compared to the heights of Rome. For a direct competition
               | both total steel production and steel production per
               | person dramatically increased. Socially peasants where
               | dramatically better off than Roman slaves etc.
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | All of that was child's play when we lose the vast,
               | gigantic tail of biodiversity, which will be completely
               | unrecoverable.
        
               | coderenegade wrote:
               | The black death must have seemed like the end of the
               | world in a fairly literal sense. Rates of change and
               | relative quantities matter when it comes to population
               | growth: losing a billion people over a century probably
               | isn't a big deal, but losing a billion people in 14 years
               | would be the single largest loss of life in human
               | history. And yet it would only be a negation of the
               | growth we saw going from 7 billion to 8 billion, which
               | took 13-14 years.
               | 
               | In relative terms, lower estimates of the fatalities
               | between 1347-1351 are 30% of the population of Europe. So
               | on a global level we would be looking at more than 2
               | billion dead in 4 years to get a sense of what that must
               | have been like. 100 million dead in the US alone. That's
               | staggering to think about, and it's no wonder that the
               | pandemic left such an indelible mark on Europe.
        
               | geysersam wrote:
               | > Drowning is hyperbole
               | 
               | English is not my first language.
               | 
               | How would you describe something previously on land
               | becoming submerged by the ocean?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Flooding.
               | 
               | Drowning is when a living organism is submerged, flooding
               | is when buildings are submerged.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > Drowning is when a living organism is submerged...
               | 
               | ...and dies from it, which is a pretty important aspect
               | to the word. If the organism doesn't die, it's swimming
               | or just submerged.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Drowning is a process. You can escape or be rescued
               | before death.
        
             | taylodl wrote:
             | _we don 't know the impact_
             | 
             | To your point, we know quite a bit, and it's pretty bad.
             | 
             | Will 10% of the world's population perish? Most likely.
             | There's already a population die-off in progress in many
             | areas of the world as the birth rate continues to decline.
             | People don't have to drop dead for the population to die
             | off, they can simply not be born in sufficient numbers to
             | replace the existing population.
             | 
             | As for those who _are_ alive - adversity leads to war. What
             | we should be thinking about is how much disruption is
             | required to foster chaos - especially in a political
             | environment that has become so divisive.
             | 
             | All in all it's easy to imagine a population decline of 10%
             | over 100 years. Chillingly, it's also easy to imagine a lot
             | higher percentage. Over the next 100 years people are going
             | to rediscover that we are, in fact, animals. Animals who
             | will react violently should our existence be threatened.
             | Hopefully we'll also rediscover that we're social animals
             | and that the key to our survival will be working together.
             | 
             | The old saying is it's darkest before the light. I'm afraid
             | of how dark it's going to get. There's thousands of years'
             | worth of junk in humanity's attic we have to sort out
             | before we come through to the other side. People are
             | fooling themselves if they think sorting through all this
             | will be easy and that the price won't be paid in lives
             | lost.
        
               | tick_tock_tick wrote:
               | Very few things give me as much hope as reading this
               | kinda of doom spam. To know the people pushing this are
               | so detached from reality gives me a lot of confidence
               | we'll be all right.
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | Are we reading the same history books and watching the
               | same global news events? Hope isn't the strategy that's
               | going to get us through this crises.
        
               | coderenegade wrote:
               | >Will 10% of the world's population perish? Most likely.
               | There's already a population die-off in progress in many
               | areas of the world as the birth rate continues to
               | decline. People don't have to drop dead for the
               | population to die off, they can simply not be born in
               | sufficient numbers to replace the existing population.
               | 
               | There are two very different points being conflated here.
               | What's the time scale for the reduction in population?
               | 10% of the world's population disappearing today is very
               | different from a gradual reduction over the course of
               | decades. 10% of the world's population disappearing over
               | 100 years is almost certainly a _good_ thing at our
               | current population level, when every indication is that
               | sustainability just isn 't possible with 8 billion
               | people. At the very least, it'll force us to challenge
               | existing economic models that are all predicated on
               | endless growth.
               | 
               | And I don't see anyone saying that things will be easy.
               | In fact, I think most acknowledge that the opposite is
               | very much true. But a) on an individual level, there's
               | not much you can do when income, consumption, and
               | emissions are all Pareto distributed -- I can no more
               | instigate a bank run on my own than I could affect carbon
               | emissions -- and, b) the species has survived worse
               | population declines than this before, on numerous
               | occasions. The black plague in Europe and the Mongols
               | tearing through Central Asia both come to mind. Tomorrow
               | has never been guaranteed, for anyone.
               | 
               | As an average person who does his best to live
               | sustainably, there's only so much I have the time and
               | energy for. I live semi-rurally within an hour of a major
               | population center and on the edge of a state park, so
               | believe me, I get it. But if it gets bad enough, at some
               | point it really is out of my control. There's only so
               | much I can care when I have bills to pay and a life to
               | live. I'd imagine most people are in a similar position.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Population declines on the other hand are expected
               | because birth rates have been dropping for _hundreds of
               | years._ This is a good thing you can't support infinite
               | growth on a finite planet. Suggesting global warming is
               | the cause completely ignores these long term trends.
               | 
               | Peoples quality of life globally has been consistently
               | improving and that's unlikely to change with global
               | warming. China had one of the worlds largest famines in
               | living memory 1958-1961, it's simply been the norm for
               | most of human history.
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_famines
        
               | taylodl wrote:
               | Peoples quality of life globally has been consistently
               | improving due to the "green revolution" transpiring
               | during the 1960's, a revolution that's imperiled by GCC.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Peoples lives have been improving long before the green
               | revolution started. Also, global yields aren't
               | particularly threatened by global warming due to the
               | overwhelming surplus we currently have there's a huge
               | buffer before problems start.
               | 
               | To be clear yes some declines are likely in some areas
               | for some crops. But 2100 is expected to have a much
               | larger problem with obesity than crop failure.
        
               | nforgerit wrote:
               | Not sure where you take your optimism from but the
               | network effects global warming is causing are not to
               | underestimate. There's been plenty of research that we're
               | talking about several threats to modern civilization at
               | once where each of them alone could already be
               | disastrous. And chances are high that there will emerge
               | additional effects along the road we don't even know
               | about.
               | 
               | The argument of "look back, it always got better in
               | average" is ignoring the fact we're dealing with a global
               | chaotic situation in a world that fragile, it is already
               | shaking because of interrupted supply chains due to a
               | pandemic or a secondary bank for techbros going down.
               | 
               | We have no clue what we'll be dealing with in 30 years
               | but what we know, it's definitely not gonna be good.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | People have said that frequently for all kinds of things,
               | but in practice civilization is just really shockingly
               | resilient.
               | 
               | Look at say Ukraine it was literally invaded with a war
               | going on last year plus mass migration etc, but it also
               | exported crops last year and are likely to do the same in
               | 2023. Yes they are down significantly from 2021, but it's
               | not even close to zero.
               | 
               | It's easy to get into this mindset that everything must
               | work perfectly or the world falls apart but people adapt
               | fairly quickly and in the end global warming is slow.
               | It's a death of a thousand cuts, but each of them gives a
               | great deal of time to react. Cities aren't going to flood
               | on day X of year Y, it's going to take decades of
               | slightly worse storm surges etc. Crops wouldn't suddenly
               | fail because this year is 0.02C warmer than last the
               | yield will mostly just slowly decline until alternative
               | crops and methods are used etc etc.
               | 
               | Yes, local crop yields vary significantly year to year
               | based on weather but that's been the case since
               | agriculture was a thing. The difference is we have much
               | better transportation infrastructure and more ability to
               | make substitutions.
        
           | mrpopo wrote:
           | Of course, 1.5C will not kill 800+ million people.
           | 
           | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
           | 
           | 1.5C is the (likely to be overshooted) goal. The IPCC report
           | assesses that 2011-2020 is already 1.1C warmer than 1850-1900
           | (page 7), that the world has been warming by ~0.2C/decade
           | (saw it somewhere), and that current policies (if
           | implemented) will lead to a warming of +3.2C by 2100 (page
           | 23). Page 16 shows various ways in which a +3.2C world will
           | be hostile to humans. For instance most of south and south-
           | east asia, and some of the most populated areas in Western
           | Africa will experience temperatures and humidity levels that
           | are dangerous for human survival >200 days a year. This is
           | now all determined with rather high confidence.
        
             | politician wrote:
             | Famine will. Rice fails to germinate at 35degC.
             | 
             | https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-06118-0
             | _...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | False, 35C is described as the highest optimal
               | temperature not the maximum in your link. Yields do
               | slowly decline with increased temperature. For specifics,
               | "Germination occurs within the temperature range of 50deg
               | to 107degF with an optimum temperature of about 87degF."
               | 
               | https://www.uaex.uada.edu/publications/pdf/mp192/chapter-
               | 2.p...
               | 
               | Further, it's exactly the kind of reason to chose a new
               | variety over an old one.
        
               | Daishiman wrote:
               | Ahh fantastic. Now let's talk about the rest of the flora
               | and fauna that is absolutely essential for crop growth
               | beyond the few staples that get researched.
        
           | witheld wrote:
           | I would love to make a bet with you, and I'd be willing to,
           | but I really don't think I'll get to collect.
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Would you actually be willing to bet that world population
             | drops by 800+ million people within 10 years of 1.5C?
        
               | javajosh wrote:
               | 800M is 10% of the current population - the OP's point is
               | that if he's right, there's a non-trivial chance that he,
               | and you, may be dead, making the prediction moot.
               | 
               | In terms of EV, it never pays to bet on the apocalypse
               | since you can't collect. Markets can't price in their own
               | demise. (it would actually be quite interesting if they
               | could).
               | 
               | (Also, given how often people make predictions online,
               | how often do you see people saying "mea culpa, I was
               | totally wrong about that one!" It's close to zero.
               | Guessing wrong, even in earnest, about important things,
               | doesn't matter anymore, and doesn't pose even a minor
               | threat to one's reputation. This lack of social/cultural
               | corrective has made our zeitgeist is so remarkably
               | polluted with utterly ignorant, bad faith BS like bets
               | about the apocalypse that it doesn't even register any
               | more. How fascinatingly horrible!)
        
               | tomatotomato37 wrote:
               | Depends, can we filter out any deaths caused by the
               | current major landwar between the breadbasket of europe &
               | the "Order #227" gas station?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No need to filter anything. If world population drops by
               | that much I'll concede the bet, if it doesn't then they
               | lose.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | And underestimating what's actually going to happen, and how
           | difficult it's going to be to reverse, or even put brakes on
           | it is intellectually criminal, but the pro-AGW group hasn't
           | ever cared about that. Why would they, the track record of
           | 'Let industry self-regulate' has worked out great for _them_
           | in the past.
           | 
           | We're going to blow right past 1.5C, 2C, 2.5C...
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Longer term projections on 2.5C look more hopeful.
             | 
             | Globally electricity production has gotten significantly
             | more green, though offset by increased demand. But, new
             | coal power plants for example were down 66% globally in
             | 2020 vs 2016 and existing infrastructure only lasts so
             | long. Project things forward to 2040 and emissions should
             | be noticeably below current levels even with increasing
             | demand simple because of economic forces.
             | 
             | In 2022 10% of all new cars globally were EV's and that
             | number keeps rising. Combined with an even cleaner grid and
             | things could look quite different in 2040 again even with
             | increasing demand for cars.
             | 
             | Now I don't want to project those trends over the following
             | 60 years, but lower emissions give even more time to lower
             | them further. 2.5C could easily hit in 2200 rather than
             | 2100, or even be avoided entirely.
             | 
             | Thus we might be able to shift 1.5C by a few years, 2C by
             | decades, and 2.5C by literal centuries.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | Coal is only going out of style because we are building
               | out new natgas plants. The greatest trick that has been
               | pulled on us this century is somehow billing gas as a
               | 'green' source of energy.
               | 
               | Electric cars are an expensive distraction from the
               | problem. The sustainable future of transportation is the
               | electric train, the electric trolley, the electric
               | scooter, and the electric bicycle. Personal automobiles,
               | electric or otherwise, were, are, and will continue to be
               | an environmental catastrophe.
               | 
               | And while we can electrify some fraction of personal
               | automobiles by 20whenever, we aren't lifting two fingers
               | on the task of rebuilding our societies to be less car-
               | manic. A few underused bike lanes, a few rental scooters
               | scattered around town, and a light rail extension 10
               | years from now aren't it.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Also > Coal is only going out of style because we are
               | building out new natgas plants.
               | 
               | False. Total electricity produced from fossil fuels (coal
               | + natural gas + Oil) is down even ignoring efficiency
               | gains which reduced the amounts needed per kWh.
               | 
               | US per person total Fossil Fuel based electricity
               | production production: 2020: 7,322 kWh, 2019: 7,861 kWh,
               | 2015: 8,499 kWh, 2010: 9,321 kWh, 2005: 9,838 kWh. It's
               | offset somewhat by increased population but the overall
               | trend is still really clear.
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electricity_sector_of_the_U
               | nit...
        
               | californical wrote:
               | Could not agree more.
               | 
               | Spending enormous amounts of energy to move around 4,000+
               | lbs of metal, just to go to the restaurant down the
               | street, is insane.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > The greatest trick that has been pulled on us this
               | century is somehow billing gas as a 'green' source of
               | energy.
               | 
               | Gas has significantly lower emissions than coal. Progress
               | is progress.
               | 
               | Absolutism gets us nowhere, unless your goal is to drive
               | humanity back to the stone age by "switching" to energy
               | production systems that do not currently exist (with the
               | exception of nuclear, which is the only currently
               | practical solution for "green" base load that we
               | stubbornly refuse to consider).
               | 
               | All of those electric transportation doo-dads add
               | significant load to a system that can barely keep up as
               | it is (in the US, anyway).
               | 
               | Just to emphasize the point, in NYC environmental
               | extremists shut down Indian Point, thus converting about
               | a quarter of NYC's power demands from clean energy
               | (nuclear) to fossil fuel. Meanwhile, each of the past few
               | summers the city has come close to rolling blackouts.
               | Good job, folks.
        
               | vkou wrote:
               | > Absolutism gets us nowhere,
               | 
               | And building out natgas will get us into a situation
               | where we are locked into decades of guaranteed emissions,
               | as all the vested interests in the production and
               | consumption space fight tooth and nail to protect their
               | line of business, and the capex they've dumped into it.
               | 
               | There's no plausible net-carbon zero path this century
               | that's compatible with our current buildout of natgas.
               | Perfect is the enemy of the good, but this isn't even
               | good!
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Natural gas is a great pathway to net zero because the
               | fuel is so vastly more explosive than the equipment.
               | People own gas turbines that are literally used for less
               | than a week a year and are simply paid for standby
               | capacity.
               | 
               | Quite literally you're better off building solar where
               | 1/2 it's output is wasted over a year than burning
               | natural gas. When you're building that much solar things
               | are very close to net zero.
               | 
               | Eventually batteries will replace natural gas, but until
               | that happens we need technologies that can fill the gaps
               | in demand and nuclear can't do it economically.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > nuclear can't do it economically.
               | 
               | It can, we're just stupid (in the US).
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No country on earth can operate nuclear at 20% capacity
               | factor economically. It needs massive subsidies to
               | operate at even 70% capacity factor quite literally
               | everywhere.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Every hour in operation 2GW of natural gas emit the same
               | CO2 as 1GW of coal. In terms of how quickly we hit 2.5C
               | of global warming that makes a big difference on its own.
               | 
               | However, large steam turbines simply take a lot of energy
               | to warm up to operating temperature. This means simply
               | turning coal power plants on and off releases lots of
               | CO2.
               | 
               | This makes a huge difference as we add wind and solar
               | because you can turn natural gas off and on multiple
               | times a day with minimal cost. Which enables you to
               | dramatically scale just how much wind and solar is
               | connected to the grid.
               | 
               | Nobody wants to turn off a wind farm in favor of a coal
               | power plant but it happens. Eventually we want to swap to
               | energy storage, but for now getting off of coal is a huge
               | deal in both directly and because it allows the grid to
               | be more flexible.
               | 
               | > Electric cars are an expensive distraction from the
               | problem.
               | 
               | As long as people live outside of cities they need
               | personal transportation. Electrifying roads is a viable
               | option, but it's much easier when cars carry a big
               | battery so you get similar results with 1% of the
               | infrastructure.
               | 
               | *Actual efficiency varies somewhat, but it's still big
               | gap.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | timr wrote:
               | > However, large steam turbines simply take a lot of
               | energy to warm up to operating temperature.
               | 
               | Boilers, not turbines. The boilers at a coal plant are
               | gigantic -- 5+ story hunks of metal the size of city
               | buildings. They don't turn on/off on demand. The whole
               | system is complex, of course, but the boilers are giant
               | boxes of fireball that flash-vaporize water using
               | pulverized coal at ~500C and 200+ bar of pressure [1].
               | 
               | My father was a control systems engineer for coal plants
               | (and later, gas) for a major utility. When I was a child,
               | he'd be away for weeks at a time when plants were spun up
               | or down for maintenance.
               | 
               | One of the more memorable events in my life was when I
               | was allowed to take a tour of a big coal plant when it
               | was down for maintenance. Those boilers were terrifying,
               | even when "off". The gates of hell.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/engineering/pulv
               | erized-...
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I was referring to a nuance that's easy to overlook. As
               | you say the coal power plant needs to heat up a boiler to
               | operating temperatures before it's turbine can generate
               | power. Yet, that's still not enough for maximum
               | efficiency.
               | 
               | Cold pipes and turbine blades steal energy from the
               | steam. Similarly the boiler is less efficient when fed
               | cold water vs hot water from the condenser. Thus the
               | startup process is more involved than just how long it
               | takes to start generating power.
               | 
               | The most efficient coal power plants are actually double-
               | reheat which takes even long to get up to optimal
               | conditions. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article
               | /abs/pii/S03605...
        
               | timr wrote:
               | Yes, definitely. Not disagreeing with you, just adding
               | color and an anecdote.
               | 
               | The broader point that we can't just turn these things on
               | and off is 100% correct, and one of the (many) things
               | that people don't understand when talking about the power
               | system and emissions.
               | 
               | I don't know the details of wind and solar, but _any_
               | system that deals with hundreds-to-thousands of megawatts
               | can 't just be spun up on a dime. Make a mistake, and
               | things blow up.
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | > The greatest trick that has been pulled on us this
               | century is somehow billing gas as a 'green' source of
               | energy.
               | 
               | It kind of is, in that before it was being used all over
               | the place, natural gas would just be vented or flared
               | when it was extracted as bycatch for oil. Burning it
               | instead of venting it is climate positive, and burning it
               | in a power plant instead of onsite is energy with no
               | impact to the climate.
               | 
               | Of course, when you extract it specifically, that's no
               | longer the case.
               | 
               | Natural gas also makes for decent peaker plants which can
               | complement solar and wind until/unless storage fills that
               | need better.
        
             | ratboy666 wrote:
             | It has been the "mean, bad Capitalist" vs the "nice, social
             | minded Socialist". I tend to go with the Capitalist. Why?
             | Because it has never been good to kill the consumer of the
             | product. In general, this particular principle does NOT
             | hold with Socialists. They (and again, not all) generally
             | do not care.
        
           | specialist wrote:
           | > _won't directly kill 800+ million people in a short
           | timeframe_
           | 
           | I'd rather we not find out.
           | 
           | Plan for the worst, hope for the best.
        
           | burkaman wrote:
           | Was the parent comment edited? I don't understand who you're
           | responding to, nobody here or in the article or report made
           | that claim.
        
             | timr wrote:
             | I don't know, but this:
             | 
             | > The next natural equilibrium probably includes a
             | decimated world population.
             | 
             | Is obvious speculation and likely hyperbole.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | It doesn't seem hyperbolic to me, and I don't understand
               | the addition of "short timeframe". "next natural
               | equilibrium" implies something like 100 years to me, at
               | least. I am very concerned about climate change even
               | though I understand it's not going to directly kill me in
               | 10 years.
        
               | ratboy666 wrote:
               | Not hyperbolic. What is NOT factored in by the IPCC is
               | the effect of NOT using "fossil fuels". Agriculture is
               | affected. NOT using fossil fuels simply means no
               | fertilizer. Famine killing 1 billion would be expected.
               | So -- bad if you do, bad if you don't. My "bet" is
               | simple. I simply purchased natural gas stocks. The bet is
               | that the need for fertilizer will beat the "stop fossil
               | fuels". Because, if it doesn't, the money is worthless.
               | If it does, I will be "sitting pretty". If a billion
               | people die "one way or the other", I am going with my
               | comfort, and my childrens comfort.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | Please read some of these reports before you say stuff
               | like this. Of course they factor this in, of course it
               | isn't true that you need fossil fuels to make fertilizer,
               | of course the IPCC does not advocate eliminating
               | fertilizer use.
               | 
               | Producing ammonia is one of the primary uses for hydrogen
               | discussed in the reports. There are many companies doing
               | this as we speak (Yara, CF Industries, BP). If it turns
               | out to be too difficult to scale up or become cost
               | effective, then fertilizer production will be one of the
               | last sectors to use fossil fuels. That's ok, because
               | there are so many other sectors that we can decarbonize
               | right now.
        
               | ratboy666 wrote:
               | I agree with you. But I caution -- shipping lng is not
               | something that Canada does or will do. Canada's stated
               | goal is to TRY to ship hydrogen. Dangerous as that is.
               | Yes, fertilizer production becomes "one of the last
               | sectors to use fossil fuels". I see no other path. Of
               | course, THAT has to be transported. As does the food
               | produced... That entire chain relies on fossil fuels. A
               | simple bet -- I invest in NatGas and pipelines. The IPCC
               | may not advocate fertilizer reduction... Canada does. No
               | LNG to Europe (for now). Canadian farmers are told to cut
               | fertilizer use by 50%... or else. Market and production
               | controls will be put into place.
               | 
               | And, it is NOT CLEAR that the current perturbations are
               | CO2 related: Snow in Miami on Jan 19, 1977 would be an
               | interesting case (in my lifetime, anyway).
               | 
               | As to the IPCC reports AND the local media reaction --
               | the Toronto Star reports that Canada will have to CUT CO2
               | emissions in half.
               | 
               | Here are the numbers:
               | 
               | 2T per year for each human:
               | 
               | 840lbs to 6710lbs (resting to active) exhalation. Which
               | means, not below 0.5T/year/human.
               | 
               | We are at 20T/year/human here in Canada -- but, of
               | course, at 8953 trees/human, with each tree absorbing
               | 48lbs of CO2/year, Canada absorbs 215T/year/human (carbon
               | negative in Canada by 195T/year/human).
               | 
               | Cutting in half? 10T/year pure human, or 205T/year. But,
               | we are on track to "100 by 100" that is, the Federal Govt
               | here wants 100M people in Canada by 2100. With an
               | additional 30M people (putting the immigration growth in
               | line with the climate objectives), the budget for each
               | human is... well under 5T/year. Not just 1/2, 1/4 (by the
               | specified date) How is THAT to be accomplished? What is
               | interesting (if you have been following the numbers here)
               | is that EVEN at the target date, NO MATTER WHAT the
               | Government does, Canada is still "Carbon Negative". Go
               | figure. It isn't even a problem here.
               | 
               | Solar, I guess... Won't be wind here... Oh, we are too
               | far North for Solar to be that effective. Burn trees ,
               | just like our ancestors. That goes over really well... My
               | bet is NatGas. Maybe Nuclear.
        
               | burkaman wrote:
               | I'm not going to argue with your investing strategy, if
               | you want to make money investing in gas companies is
               | probably a good idea in the short term. Personally I have
               | priorities other than making money but I'm not going to
               | try to change your life philosophy in an internet
               | comment.
               | 
               | I will say that "it isn't a problem here" is nonsensical.
               | Canada isn't on its own planet. It is a problem on Earth,
               | and you are on Earth.
        
               | coderenegade wrote:
               | You don't need to use hydrogen directly. Methanol is made
               | catalytically from hydrogen, can be reformed back into
               | hydrogen fairly easily, and makes a good fuel on its own.
               | The main link in the chain the needs to be replaced is
               | switching hydrogen production from a natural gas
               | feedstock over to a water feedstock.
               | 
               | But yes, the Canadian government's immigration policies
               | sound like madness and directly contradict a stated goal
               | of sustainability.
        
               | timr wrote:
               | Let's be really clear: it's not going to "directly" kill
               | many people at all in the next ten years.
               | 
               | People will die from things like storms and floods and
               | heat waves and droughts. Maybe _more_ people will die
               | from causes that someone, somewhere attributes to
               | climate, but these are all indirect.
               | 
               | The real, immediate threat of climate is that we'll have
               | to spend huge amounts of money mitigating these things.
        
               | mbgerring wrote:
               | The "real, immediate threat of climate" is trillions of
               | dollars changing hands? A massive TAM, with tons of
               | otherwise intelligent people distracted by chatbots and
               | crypto?
               | 
               | Sorry... this is supposed to be a threat? What are you
               | threatening me with, a good time?
        
         | bartislartfast wrote:
         | I'm wondering what those workshops will teach people to do.
         | Most of the advice I hear comes down to three things "Vote
         | green at the polls"(1), "Vote with your wallet"(2) and
         | "encourage others to do the same"(3)
         | 
         | (1) I live in a democracy with ranked choice voting, and I
         | always vote green #1, but the greens are in minority and the
         | main parties are more interested in playing to the masses.
         | sometimes they're in coalition but they don't achieve much.
         | 
         | (2) I'm a relatively well paid person in a relatively wealthy
         | country. I own my own home, and I have rooftop solar installed.
         | But I can't afford an EV that will fit my family, or a heat-
         | pump, so I still have to burn oil or wood to heat the house in
         | winter and burn diesel to bring the kids to school. I die
         | inside a little every time I have to go to a filling station.
         | We live in a rural area with no public transport, so that's not
         | an option either.
         | 
         | (3) I talk people into getting solar panels and switching to
         | EVs, lowering electricity usage, buying second hand, reusing,
         | recycling, every green action thing I can do. I urge people to
         | vote green. Sometimes I feel like I have a little effect here,
         | but I could be fooling myself.
         | 
         | It's disheartening that an environmentally conscious person
         | like myself, with a good steady income and no big debt, still
         | has to burn fossil fuels on a daily basis to keep warm and move
         | around. I feel like I'm part of the problem, not part of the
         | solution.
        
         | toxik wrote:
         | What I always find so hard to believe is that, knowing how well
         | we can predict weather and other complicated systems, climate
         | change science somehow is able to make 1/10 centigrade
         | precision predictions on time horizons of decades and
         | centuries.
        
           | NationalPark wrote:
           | Can we predict weather that well? The 10 day forecasts my
           | phone gives are mostly ok, not great, and often change at the
           | last minute.
        
           | p0pcult wrote:
           | Aggregates (global temp average over a year) are generally
           | more predictable than the underlying datapoints (daily local
           | weather).
           | 
           | Source: am data scientist.
        
           | avaldez_ wrote:
           | for starters, weather and climate and different concepts.
           | it's easier to predict the long term probability distribution
           | of a coin toss than a single event result.
        
           | js8 wrote:
           | Do you also find it hard to believe that casino can say your
           | chance of winning roulette is 1/37 (and you're gonna lose
           | money), despite the fact every roll is random? Both are just
           | law of large numbers.
        
             | prottog wrote:
             | Strange to compare the random results of a spinning wheel
             | three feet wide in an air-conditioned room to a planetwide
             | system, isn't it?
        
               | johnnymorgan wrote:
               | Not really, they both rely on chance to win
        
               | orbifold wrote:
               | Well in both cases you can ignore a lot of unknown
               | physical details and still reach a valid conclusion. In
               | the case of the climate this is done in terms of energy
               | balance for example. The details are super complicated
               | but you also have historical data that you can use to
               | calibrate and validate your models on.
        
           | guerrilla wrote:
           | Why would you be confused about this? Temperature of a
           | function of energy. We're talking about a global average
           | temperature. Energy is being captured and retained. That
           | raises the global average temperature. The specifics don't
           | matter. Predicting the weather on the other hand is very
           | complicated because you're asking what specifically will
           | happen in a specific place. The variables going into that are
           | many and even if measured extremely accurately, it's not good
           | enough because weather is chaotic.
        
           | thwayunion wrote:
           | If climate models were predicting the temperature of your
           | city on March 21, 2120 then your intuition here would be
           | wise. But that is not at all what these models are
           | predicting. They are predicting global average annual
           | temperatures and other gross, planet-scale statistics.
           | 
           | "Average annual global temperature in a given year" and
           | "temperature in my city tomorrow" are fundamentally very
           | different types of predictions.
           | 
           | Often it is easier to accurately forecast gross dynamics on a
           | long time frame than it is to forecast precise dynamics the
           | exact same process over a short time frame.
           | 
           | You don't even need to understand the math or physics to see
           | why this is intuitively true.
           | 
           | Consider e.g. predicting minutiae about the behavior of a
           | fetus over the next week ("how many fist clenches", "how many
           | kicks") vs. predicting which week the baby will be born --
           | the latter is substantially easier than the former despite
           | the longer time frame.
           | 
           | Or, more to the point, consider forecasting the position of a
           | particular cloud of molecules in a pot of water being bought
           | to boil vs forecasting the temperature of the water in the
           | pot in 5 minutes. The latter is hilariously trivial -- a
           | small child can be taught how to do this with excellent
           | accuracy. The former is some horrendously difficult phd level
           | fluid mechanics and even then hard/impossible.
           | 
           | In some sense, an educated intuition is exactly the opposite
           | of yours -- it'd be surprising if we were _this good_ at
           | extremely fine-grained weather prediction but couldn 't guess
           | the annualized average temperature of the entire system in 50
           | years. The latter is a much simpler statistic because the
           | timescales and physical scales take a lot of the difficult
           | stochasticity out of the forecasting problem.
        
             | johnnymorgan wrote:
             | The point he is making is the disconnect between models and
             | reality.
             | 
             | Also when are people held accountable for their models
             | being wrong and the output that comes from that.
             | 
             | Climate models has a terrible track record and have failed
             | to materialize over and over again.
             | 
             | We have environmental crises all over the place which we
             | should be focused on. The two are not the same thing and
             | climate activism seems to not care about that at all, ie
             | the issue of EVs and their super non green batteries or the
             | near slave labor in terrible conditions resource
             | extraction.
             | 
             | There is a good reason to be skeptical of the regulations
             | derived from these models when they are wrong all the time.
        
               | Symmetry wrote:
               | On a year by year level they've been pretty bad but on a
               | decade by decade basis they've been pretty much spot on.
               | Why wasn't there any increase in the average temperature
               | between 2004 and 2014? Nobody know, but in 2015 global
               | temperature spiked all the way up to where predicted and
               | stayed there. There's been this weird stepwise pattern to
               | the warming but the general trend is in line with
               | predictions.
               | 
               | The general relationship between increased CO2 and
               | warming has been known since the 19th century, though
               | they were off by a factor of two on the slope back then.
               | Modern climate models have a lot of moving and it's not
               | clear they're actually better than the "Assume a
               | spherical^H^H^H^H homogeneous atmosphere" models but the
               | basic physics and general trend line are hard to ignore.
        
               | t12049 wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | mrmanner wrote:
               | But the models aren't wrong. They're surprisingly
               | accurate. Some media reporting has been alarmist,
               | choosing absolute worst cases and stating them as fact.
               | 
               | But in general, the changes we've seen so far are in line
               | with predictions and there's no reason to be more
               | skeptical than normal of this science.
               | 
               | (As a side note, the resource extraction required to run
               | a petrol engine is also not very green and often
               | connected to human rights abuses. Not to downplay the
               | issues in lithium sourcing, there are horrible conditions
               | that need to be fixed, but the solution is not "oil".)
        
               | ratboy666 wrote:
               | No they are not "surprisingly accurate". I have actually
               | made more money in direct bets AGAINST climate models.
               | From 1970 to present. Indeed, the challenge I make to
               | climate doomsayers is simple: make one prediction in the
               | 5 year out timeframe and stick to it. I'll simply take
               | the opposite. So far, I have won... every time. Let me
               | have a look at my trading accounts: cenovus up, pembina
               | up, taiwan semi up, everything else down. And that is the
               | current recession. Now, I am worried about china, so I
               | may trade the tsm. The only "surprise" for me is that
               | alcoa is down. I'll ride that one.
               | 
               | The "no oil" people may be right; that would make me a
               | horrible person. But, make the prediction -- I'll
               | "convert" if it comes true. Science for the win.
        
               | ewjt wrote:
               | Please back up the claim "climate models has a terrible
               | track record" and qualify the word 'terrible'.
               | 
               | Casting blame is a common denier tactic [1] used despite
               | the models being useful and accurate [2].
               | 
               | The "whataboutisms" you mention are another common
               | tactic. [3] Blaming EV batteries is a red herring; they
               | have much lower lifecycle emissions than gas-based
               | engines. [4]
               | 
               | [1] https://skepticalscience.com/climate-models.htm [2]
               | https://climate.nasa.gov/news/2943/study-confirms-
               | climate-mo... [3]
               | https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/global-
               | sustainabilit... [4]
               | https://arstechnica.com/cars/2021/07/electric-cars-have-
               | much...
        
               | johnnymorgan wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | 6nf wrote:
               | 'We got it right NOW we promise!'
        
             | 6nf wrote:
             | Predictions so far have been terrible compared to what
             | actually happened.
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | Yes, turns out the predictions were too conservative.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | Compare with how hard it is to exactly predict if a patient
           | is gonna survive the next day-- while assuming that *anyone*
           | (for now) is gonna be dead in 120 years is a pretty safe bet.
           | 
           | And predictions about life expectancy become easier in
           | aggregate, too.
        
           | bertil wrote:
           | Can you predict the height of the next person that will turn
           | a corner? You likely won't any less than three inches off.
           | 
           | Can you predict the average height of all the residents of
           | your city? A demographer can given an answer that is a lot
           | more accurate.
        
         | alfor wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | tito wrote:
           | Haha love it. Reminds me of something out of Game of Thrones.
           | 
           | For anyone reading this poem who has a strong negative
           | reaction:
           | 
           | Consider it a sign that perhaps there's something more you
           | could be doing in your own life. Take a job in climate
           | (https://workonclimate.org/ https://climatebase.org/). Start
           | a startup working on climate solutions.
           | 
           | "Climate deniers" aren't really a problem.
           | 
           | Complacency is bullshit though.
           | 
           | Consider that future generations may look back and judge your
           | excuse of "but alfor on HN wrote a poem that made fun of a
           | climate person" quite harshly.
           | 
           | It's go time :)
        
             | alfor wrote:
             | Thanks ;)
             | 
             | I have no problem with climate action, but the religious
             | tendency is too obvious at this point. Clearly Gretha is
             | our virgin Mary, she is not there because of her knowledge,
             | but because she represent innocence, purity.
             | 
             | I think we should balance our actions against other causes
             | that are also vitaly important and be careful with giving
             | too much power to government at this moment.
             | 
             | Ironically the activists movement (greenpeace) blocked much
             | of the development of nuclear energy, one of the best
             | solution we had many many years ago.
             | 
             | Now solar, batteries, wind and EV are completely
             | decarbonizing the energy sector and activist are trying to
             | block mines projects that could help make batteries.
             | 
             | I think the solutions is mostly not austerity, taxes and
             | more government, it's more technology, more developpement.
             | 
             | (I would make exceptions for forever chemicals, air
             | quality, ocean and diversity protection)
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | > ... the changes in ... crop yields...
         | 
         | How would they even predict/model that? Have they modeled all
         | the different plausible crops and agricultural techniques,
         | which regional environmental conditions they're most suited
         | for, and the transitions between them based on regional climate
         | change effects?
         | 
         | It's one thing to model a natural system, but seems quite a bit
         | more complicated to model a system where human technology and
         | decision-making is extremely significant.
        
           | mrpopo wrote:
           | Page 16
           | 
           | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
           | 
           | > Have they modeled all the different plausible crops and
           | agricultural techniques, which regional environmental
           | conditions they're most suited for, and the transitions
           | between them based on regional climate change effects?
           | 
           | Seems so.
           | 
           | > It's one thing to model a natural system, but seems quite a
           | bit more complicated to model a system where human technology
           | and decision-making is extremely significant.
           | 
           | "Extremely" is a big word. Agricultural yields depend on the
           | weather. A population of 9-10 billion will not be sustained
           | by vertical farms maintained in a synthetic climate.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > Page 16
             | 
             | > https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
             | 
             | >> Have they modeled all the different plausible crops and
             | agricultural techniques, which regional environmental
             | conditions they're most suited for, and the transitions
             | between them based on regional climate change effects?
             | 
             | > Seems so.
             | 
             | I'm not seeing it. I'm assuming you mean page 16 of the
             | "Summary for Policymakers," but all that has is a
             | unreadable map of "Maize Yield" projections with the
             | disclaimer:
             | 
             | > Projected regional impacts reflect biophysical responses
             | to changing temperature, precipitation, solar radiation,
             | humidity, wind, and CO2 enhancement of growth and water
             | retention in currently cultivated areas. Models assume that
             | irrigated areas are not water-limited. Models do not
             | represent pests, diseases, future agro-technological
             | changes and some extreme climate responses.
             | 
             | So it sounds like they are not accounting for things like
             | changes between crops or changing which areas are
             | cultivated, which could be pretty significant. For
             | instance: their tiny map shows the cultivated area in
             | Canada remaining unchanged, but if you're looking at total
             | world agricultural yield of a future warmer planet, it
             | seems like you would have account for more Canadian land
             | becoming arable and agriculture spreading further north.
             | 
             | > "Extremely" is a big word. Agricultural yields depend on
             | the weather. A population of 9-10 billion will not be
             | sustained by vertical farms maintained in a synthetic
             | climate.
             | 
             | Which is not the way I (or anyone reasonable) would think
             | people would adapt. Instead of the software-engineer
             | techno-fetishist fantasy of "vertical farms", I would think
             | the adaptations would consist of things like:
             | 
             | 1. Creating new farms in areas where the climate is
             | currently too cold for productive agriculture,
             | 
             | 2. Switching to different crops or different varieties that
             | are hardier against heat and drought or otherwise yield
             | more calories (per whatever limiting factor),
             | 
             | 3. Switching to different irrigation techniques that may be
             | more water-efficient,
             | 
             | 4. etc.
        
               | mrpopo wrote:
               | > So it sounds like they are not accounting for things
               | like changes between crops or changing which areas are
               | cultivated, which could be pretty significant. > it seems
               | like you would have account for more Canadian land
               | becoming arable and agriculture spreading further north.
               | 
               | It's a map. It's litterally showing the changes by areas.
               | And the map does show areas with increased maize yield,
               | such as Southern Africa, but these don't include Canada
               | or Russia. Potentially the full volume will include other
               | crops yields and more details that you are hoping for.
               | 
               | Of course, the world will adapt and change their crops,
               | but it will come at a cost for people who are unable to
               | adapt, such as farmers in underdeveloped countries.
        
               | tablespoon wrote:
               | > It's a map.
               | 
               | One that appears to not answer the question I posed, or
               | answer it in the negative (as in, they're not modeling
               | realistic agricultural adaptations).
               | 
               | > It's litterally [sic] showing the changes by areas.
               | 
               | Apparently only _" in currently cultivated areas."_ It's
               | hard to get worked up over the predictions of a model
               | that basically assumes everyone continues to do the exact
               | same stuff while everything else changes, even if that
               | would mean individuals fail to meet their _short-term_
               | goals.
               | 
               | It wouldn't have been hard to depict the area under
               | cultivation creeping further north (or the area under
               | cultivation receding in other areas).
               | 
               | > Potentially the full volume will include other crops
               | yields and more details that you are hoping for.
               | 
               | Those are _not_ the details I 'm looking for. It would be
               | closer to what I'm looking for if they took that data,
               | divided the world into plots, then for each scenario
               | picked the highest yielding crop for that plot, to come
               | up with an overall agricultural productivity estimate. I
               | say that's only closer, because it presumably wouldn't
               | reflect other reasonable and straightforward agricultural
               | adaptations.
        
           | SpicyLemonZest wrote:
           | The problem is that about a quarter of the world population -
           | 2 billion people - currently make their living through
           | traditional small-scale farming. If it turns out that climate
           | change rapidly expands the viable area for growing quinoa,
           | that's great for Peru and Bolivia and the world food market,
           | but it's not going to help a subsistence farmer in Vietnam
           | who finds their rice fields no longer grow enough to live
           | from.
        
             | tablespoon wrote:
             | > but it's not going to help a subsistence farmer in
             | Vietnam who finds their rice fields no longer grow enough
             | to live from.
             | 
             | But what if those farmers switch from rice to some other
             | subsistence crop better adapted to the new conditions?
        
       | fwlr wrote:
       | I do wish someone would just _acknowledge_ we've been getting
       | "final warnings" as well as predictions of catastrophe every few
       | years for decades now. Just _recognize_ that I have to force
       | myself quite hard to take this seriously. I do trust the science!
       | But I trusted the science in 2017 and in 2012 and in 2009 and in
       | 2004 and in 2000 and so on. I am making myself trust the science
       | this time, _again_ , and selfishly I would just like that extra
       | effort validated.
        
         | davesque wrote:
         | I'm with you on this. And I am absolutely the furthest possible
         | thing from a climate skeptic. If anything, it's just a
         | recognition that this kind of communication from official
         | sources is clearly ineffective. The climate crisis is never
         | _ever_ going to be solved by spontaneous collective action or
         | by appeals to collective action. People will continue to do
         | whatever it is they have to do to get their daily or yearly
         | basic needs met.
         | 
         | What we need are people in positions of power that care.
        
           | lisasays wrote:
           | _What we need are people in positions of power that care._
           | 
           | Okay then - so how do we get those people to materialize?
           | 
           | Absent "appeals to collective action" which you've already
           | determined is never going to work.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | In a democracy, this means that people in aggregate need to
           | care more about climate change consequences in the future
           | than wealth/disposable income right now.
           | 
           | That is simply a hard sell, always has been, and most of us
           | are to blame for the consequences...
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | Specially hard to sell when those in power don't seem to
             | treat is as existential crisis that will kill them. I do
             | not see them following their own messaging to utmost care.
        
         | time_to_smile wrote:
         | We have been getting warnings like this for years and for years
         | things have been getting visibly worse.
         | 
         | I don't know how you "have to force myself quite hard to take
         | this seriously" when the environment around us has been
         | degrading _faster_ than scientist have been claiming for years.
         | 
         | Maybe you're confused by how events related to climate
         | catastrophe unfold? It's not like a nuclear bomb where one day
         | everything is fine, then the next every thing is gone. That
         | case is different in two major ways: the break down is
         | instantaneous and a new normal is almost immediately
         | established.
         | 
         | The final warning for climate is about a process that once
         | started can no longer be stopped.
         | 
         | You don't have to "trust the science", you can literally watch
         | it happen as the arctic heads rapidly towards a blue ocean
         | event (see "arctic death spiral"), crop failures have been
         | increasing, California has suffered extreme years of drought
         | followed by this current season of incredible floods, lake mead
         | reaches a lower level than it has since it was filled, Texas is
         | subjected to extreme weather (in both directions) causing year
         | after year failure of the power grid.
         | 
         | These things will continue to happen, will happen more
         | frequently and at greater magnitude for the rest of your life.
         | 
         | If you feel unconvinced it's because you're in a state of
         | denial (which in part of grieving so not terribly surprising or
         | uncommon).
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | We'll keep getting "final warnings" as we pass "realistic hope
         | of keeping warming under X" and "a sliver of hope for keeping
         | warming under X if a literal miracle occurs" thresholds for
         | different warming levels. The next major report like this will
         | probably have a best-case scenario of more like 2.0C. We're at
         | "a sliver of hope if a literal miracle occurs" for 1.5C
         | (realistic hope of keeping it that low was probably gone a
         | decade ago, and you may have seen that shift reflected in
         | earlier reports) and have passed similar thresholds for 1.0C
         | already.
        
           | SamPatt wrote:
           | The issue is that we crossed those previous thresholds and
           | ... the world kept improving?
           | 
           | If you look at sites like Our World in Data then nearly all
           | metrics of human progress have dramatically improved over the
           | past century, while temperatures increased 1degC.
           | 
           | So it isn't clear that another degree increase will lead to
           | catastrophe. The numbers are round and arbitrary. Our
           | increased wealth and technology has improved lives far, far
           | more than the increased temperature has diminished them, and
           | I don't see why that trend won't continue.
        
         | raffraffraff wrote:
         | > Everyone keeps saying the water is getting hotter! I trust
         | the thermometer I really do! It just doesn't _feel_ like it 's
         | getting hotter to me!
         | 
         | - the slow-boiling frog
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | I'm not sure what your expectations are?
         | 
         | IMO the situation is that mainstream science said categorically
         | since before 1990 that CO2 emissions lead to unpleasant
         | outcomes, and gives periodic updates on how the world in
         | aggregate is mostly doing worse then planned in emissions and
         | adds some detail to the predicted resulting consequences.
         | 
         | What would you expect from science and science reporting
         | instead?
        
       | makerofspoons wrote:
       | The comparisons between the AR5 and AR6 are alarming. Now, under
       | no emission scenarios other than low and very low which we are
       | not tracking close to, we reach +2C at or just before 2050. Many
       | reading this thread will see 3 degrees by the time they plan to
       | retire. This comes with drought, undernourishment, and mass
       | migration: https://sciencenorway.no/climate-climate-
       | change/deadly-heat-...
        
         | guerrilla wrote:
         | Do people in capitals not understand or believe this? What do
         | rich people (some of whom control large parts of the media)
         | plan to do exactly? Die? Bunker? I mean seriously.
        
           | gotoeleven wrote:
           | What I don't understand is how not even environmentalists
           | seem to believe it given their opposition to nuclear power.
           | If a climate apocalypse were upon us, shouldnt we have been
           | building nuclear power as fast as possible for the past
           | decades? I really don't understand
        
           | thedrbrian wrote:
           | They seem to be buying beachfront property
        
           | creato wrote:
           | What are the options, really? Option A is business as usual.
           | Option B is a massive cut in energy consumption.
           | 
           | Option A implies at some point in the future, massive social
           | unrest due to mass migration.
           | 
           | Option B implies massive social unrest today due to a large
           | decline in standard of living. And no, it won't be the
           | "people in capitals" suffering here.
           | 
           | Option C is option A plus some geoengineering that will
           | likely be undertaken when the situation is desperate enough.
        
           | Ekaros wrote:
           | They will be well enough. Maybe their mansions and yacht will
           | be slightly smaller and they will need to find some new
           | destination for tourism. But they will have their air
           | conditioned and heated, homes, cars, shopping centres and so
           | on.
        
           | Nevermark wrote:
           | The problem is to gain political power you have to out
           | compete others for money and votes.
           | 
           | Understanding a problem, and being able to hold on to power
           | while making the hard decisions is a classic unsolved problem
           | in politics.
           | 
           | But it's infinitely harder with very few (two!?!) high
           | centralized litmus-tested groupthink political parties,
           | incentivized to lock up power unilaterally, and marginalize
           | the power of other parties, not skills conducive to
           | governing.
           | 
           | And also infinitely harder with unlimited spending by
           | corporations (who are not citizens, and don't share the
           | interests of citizens), where tiny groups of executives get
           | to leverage all their companies resources toward tilting the
           | political field in their favor, in order to get massive
           | bonuses for feeding insatiable shareholder demand. But
           | without reflecting any of the decency that shareholders might
           | actually have.
           | 
           | It's the moloch beast. The whole system is the problem, but
           | it's near impossible to improve the system's design because
           | it will fight that at every step.
           | 
           | It mindlessly cares about its own survival. Which is how it
           | came to be.
           | 
           | Even if every single person in the system actually wants to
           | do the hard things that will keep the planet in good shape.
        
           | lern_too_spel wrote:
           | Build walls to keep out refugees.
        
           | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
           | Die? I think it's die. Look at Biden, Putin, Xi, and Rupert
           | Murdoch they range from old to really fucking old.
        
         | juujian wrote:
         | I would love to say this comes as a surprise, but it really
         | does not. UN Secretary-General Guterres really foreshadowed
         | that last year, and he did not mince his words. Really unusual
         | for somebody that role, usually it is more of a diplomat-style
         | position.
         | 
         | > Using bogus 'net-zero' pledges to cover up massive fossil
         | fuel expansion is reprehensible.
        
         | Diederich wrote:
         | All true, but as a reminder, more energy in a pseudo stable
         | chaotic system means more extremes in both directions: more
         | frequent floods, more frequent extreme snow events, etc., all
         | across the globe.
         | 
         | https://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/global_weirding
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | > Many reading this thread will see 3 degrees by the time they
         | plan to retire. This comes with drought, undernourishment, and
         | mass migration
         | 
         | I wonder what it'll feel like looking back at that point. There
         | isn't anything that I alone can do right now to prevent this
         | from happening, it has to be a collective action but still,
         | we've been warned for decades, over and over, we knew what
         | would happen. Will we regret not having mobilized more, joined
         | every protest out there, not having written our representatives
         | more than we did, not having made more sustainable choices than
         | we did? I know the effect of personal choices and actions is
         | marginal but still, I'm sure we'll feel lots and lots of
         | regret.
        
           | shagie wrote:
           | From Kurzgesagt - In a Nutshell:
           | 
           | Can YOU Fix Climate Change? https://youtu.be/yiw6_JakZFc
           | 
           | and
           | 
           | We WILL Fix Climate Change! https://youtu.be/LxgMdjyw8uw
           | 
           | Make sure that you watch the second one if you watch the
           | first one.
        
           | headsupernova wrote:
           | Our descendants will rightfully conclude that we were a
           | generation of comfortable cowards. Truly unforgivable. Yet we
           | understandably don't know what to do as individuals. The
           | scale of the tragedy is almost inconceivable.
        
           | splitstud wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | coolspot wrote:
         | > 2050
         | 
         | Luckily that aligns with the singularity timeline. AGI will
         | have a very good carrot for us to agree on its terms.
        
           | dr_dshiv wrote:
           | It wants Ohio
        
             | amoss wrote:
             | It can fix the planet or it gets the hose again.
        
             | rolenthedeep wrote:
             | Literally nobody would miss it.
             | 
             | We'd need another state to pick on, though. Probably West
             | Virginia.
        
       | mbgerring wrote:
       | Stop arguing on the internet and join the fight:
       | https://climatebase.org
        
       | Aaronstotle wrote:
       | I'll up my cigarette intake from 1 a day to 2 to make up for this
        
       | kypro wrote:
       | Assume we hit 1.5C and "nothing happens" does this help the
       | cause?
       | 
       | While I'm very concerned about how unchecked climate change could
       | impact future crop yields I also worry that having a hard line
       | like this probably won't help convince anyone, and could counter
       | intuitively act as a "I told you so" for climate denialists when
       | the world doesn't fall apart as soon as we hit 1.5C.
       | 
       | A lot of the more convincing arguments I hear from climate
       | denialists (I hate that phase btw) is that past climate models
       | have been highly inaccurate and many claims and concerns have in
       | time been proven overstated. This is somewhat true.
       | 
       | But here we are once again looking down on the masses and
       | effectively saying, "you plebs just don't get it, this is your
       | final warning before you all die".
       | 
       | I think I'd rather the data was presented with less emotion and I
       | think that would be more convincing personally, but at the same
       | time I suspect we're probably going to have to see some dire
       | consequences of climate change before any serious action is
       | taken.
        
         | burkaman wrote:
         | Can you quote something from the report that you feel was
         | overly emotional?
        
           | zug_zug wrote:
           | Well I think climate change is objective fact, but this link
           | is wildly emotional.
           | 
           | "Final Warning" "act now or it's too late" sounds like a
           | late-night infomercial selling me something.
           | 
           | If I were running the report I'd try to write it in a manner
           | that is scientific and thus emotionally indifferent to every
           | outcome. Science doesn't care whether any special dies or not
           | (humans or not). If you can't look at climate science with an
           | indifference to the death of the species, you probably can't
           | run statistics neutrally, which gives a lot of room for doubt
           | (fair or not).
        
             | burkaman wrote:
             | If you want to criticize this article that's fine, but you
             | are blaming the IPCC authors for this Guardian reporter's
             | phrasing. If you read the report you'll find it was written
             | in a scientific and objective manner, and as emotionless as
             | possible while using human language. You will probably find
             | it boring to read even the extremely shortened "Summary for
             | Policymakers".
             | 
             | https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6syr/pdf/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf
             | 
             | The associated press release uses stronger language, but it
             | still pretty objective if you accept the emotional axiom
             | that "avoiding death and destruction is good".
             | 
             | https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/downloads/press/IPCC_AR6
             | _...
        
         | tgv wrote:
         | > A lot of the more convincing arguments I hear from climate
         | denialists (I hate that phase btw) is that past climate models
         | have been highly inaccurate and many claims and concerns have
         | in time been proven overstated.
         | 
         | That's such a trite reply. First, we can take it literal. Yes,
         | models have been inaccurate, and this one will be too. The
         | trend is unmistakably there, though. You can check the bloody
         | weather outside to see for yourself. Do you want to bet your
         | life that the estimate is too high this time?
         | 
         | Second, we can take it less literal. They simply mean they
         | don't want to move. They don't take it seriously. They don't
         | care. Nothing in the world short of an immediate disaster in
         | their direct environment is going to change their "opinion".
         | And even then some will claim it's a freak accident.
         | 
         | Don't take these arguments as if they have the same weight. Do
         | _you_ want to bet your life and the lives of the ones you and
         | we love?
        
           | kypro wrote:
           | I agree with everything you're saying.
           | 
           | I tend to operate with two mental modals because I believe a
           | lot of these divides can be explained by differing
           | educational levels and intellectual abilities.
           | 
           | I think you need to put yourself in the headspace of a 90 IQ
           | dude who has been told his entire adult life that the world
           | is going to end because of climate change. To him the fact
           | that there was snow the other day and the world hasn't yet
           | come to an end is actually a convincing argument that the
           | Earth isn't getting so hot that he needs to be concerned.
           | 
           | Similarly, while this hypothetical person might not be
           | intelligent enough to understand that scientific models are
           | always going to have some level of inaccuracy and there is
           | always some amount of noise in the data, they are intelligent
           | enough to recognise that in the past false claims have been
           | made - and often these claims have been made in a
           | condescending manner.
           | 
           | We've seen similar divides and misunderstandings with Trump,
           | Brexit and the pandemic. We need to find better ways to
           | communicate across social divides - that's what I was
           | appealing to. We have to do a better job at presenting data
           | in a way that's accessible to every while also not being so
           | condescending and overly opinionated that it's off putting to
           | those who remain unconvinced.
           | 
           | Or put another way, a climate denialist isn't going to be
           | convinced by you telling them they're an idiot for not
           | understanding how to analyse the data correctly (even if
           | you're correct). You instead have to recognise the merits of
           | their perspective and try to explain the data in a way that
           | will allow them (hopefully) to come to the correct
           | conclusions.
           | 
           | But like I say, I don't know if this is even possible with
           | climate change. A lot of people I'm referring to here think
           | with their eyes and if they can't see the truth in their own
           | life experiences, and with their own eyes, then they're
           | sceptical of it. Climate change for lots of reasons is
           | unfortunately one of those things that's really difficult to
           | explain to someone who sees snow as evidence of that the
           | Earth isn't getting hotter, but these are the people we
           | ultimately need to convince.
           | 
           | > Do you want to bet your life and the lives of the ones you
           | and we love?
           | 
           | No. That's why I'm saying please stop with the alarmism. It
           | doesn't convince anyone and just causes unhelpful ideological
           | divides.
        
         | SideburnsOfDoom wrote:
         | > we're probably going to have to see some dire consequences of
         | climate change before any serious action is taken.
         | 
         | Is it your position that there have been no serious
         | consequences of climate change to date? That's not factual.
        
         | numbers_guy wrote:
         | What the fuck do you even mean with "nothing happens", when the
         | climate has been changing noticeably for the past decade
         | already?
        
           | DiggyJohnson wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | numbers_guy wrote:
             | I am not trying to communicate anything; just reacting with
             | absolute bewilderment at somebody who is so far removed
             | from reality, that he seemingly has not stepped outside in
             | the past decade.
        
             | aaomidi wrote:
             | To be honest, majority of environmentalists don't care to
             | change our tone to make obvious concern trolls happy
             | anymore.
             | 
             | Nothing has worked and your condescending tone doesn't help
             | with anything either.
             | 
             | Have you tried to reason with the average Q person? It's
             | not possible.
             | 
             | Enjoy being depressed:
             | https://old.reddit.com/r/QAnonCasualties/hot
        
               | starkd wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
             | starkd wrote:
             | People generally do not respond to insults. It only takes a
             | little imagination to see how you react when someone swears
             | at you. Invert the situation. It is a basic empathy test
             | that they fail.
        
           | aaomidi wrote:
           | I know right?
           | 
           | We're seeing crop failure after crop failure. Whole
           | ecosystems are collapsing. Tornados and floods are happening
           | in places they had never happened in.
           | 
           | Europe and the US are going to be impacted way later than
           | everyone else other than the immigration wave they're going
           | to have to deal with.
           | 
           | It's a sick joke that the countries with the ability to do
           | something about this are also going to be the last ones
           | severely impacted.
        
             | numbers_guy wrote:
             | My father is 75, doesn't speak English and has no idea what
             | "climate change" is scientifically. However, as a farmer he
             | has been noticing the change in climate for the past 15
             | years at least. I am not a farmer, and don't have his
             | experience, but I am aware enough or my surroundings to
             | notice that the climate of my childhood was different. We
             | used to get rain in the summer. We used to get snow in the
             | winter. It's currently winter, one of the driest I can
             | remember. No rain and no snow.
        
             | tick_tock_tick wrote:
             | > We're seeing crop failure after crop failure.
             | 
             | Where? We just saw some of the best grain yields globally.
        
         | starkd wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
         | specialist wrote:
         | > _I 'd rather the data was presented with less emotion_
         | 
         | "Intellectually, progress could be okay. But you're doing it
         | wrong."
        
         | johnnymorgan wrote:
         | Did they mention their regulations that is attempting to
         | destroy crop yields, ie limit inputs, is the reason crop yields
         | will drop and that the extra carbon in the atmo has been an
         | inconvenient truth it's helped offset that...
         | 
         | The talking down to people, coupled with hyperbolic dialogue
         | has just fatigued everyone on this file.
         | 
         | I think climate activism is total shit and ignores all the
         | environmental damage that goes along with it.
        
         | mrmanner wrote:
         | The problem here is that we just aren't cut out to understand
         | delayed consequences. The society we build today decided co2
         | levels tens of years into the future, affecting temperature for
         | yet more years into the future, affecting society for very long
         | time. One effect of this is that consequences may be locked in
         | long before we see them.
         | 
         | Propagandists love to exploit this by saying things like
         | "there's still time - just look at all the snow".
        
           | mrmanner wrote:
           | Another interesting thing: one of many reasons behind the
           | "hard line" at 1.5 degrees is that this is the level of
           | warming were models and simulations of consequences have
           | reasonable certainty. Beyond that level there are more
           | unknowns and more less certainty.
           | 
           | So 1.5 degrees should be an important target if good models
           | are important. But, it turns out, certainty isn't what we're
           | after.
        
         | tito wrote:
         | Yeah the headlines end up all sounding similar after awhile.
         | 
         | Another challenge is the report itself is pretty dry and
         | emotionless (for example, every line of the PDF is numbered).
         | 
         | Here's a link to the new Synthesis report referenced in the
         | article: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/ar6/syr/
         | 
         | Here's the "summary for policymakers":
         | https://report.ipcc.ch/ar6syr/pdf/IPCC_AR6_SYR_SPM.pdf
        
       | dham wrote:
       | We could have solved energy in the 50's. We probably deserve to
       | die. Good luck.
        
       | NhanH wrote:
       | Let's say if there is a magical wand that can will any policy the
       | user wants to happen -- so the magic can't remove carbon, but it
       | allows the bearer to pursue any mean within humanity
       | technological abilities -- what are the actual actions that could
       | be taken to fight climate change? My impression is that even the
       | big polluter like China (as an example) is already on full speed
       | to build more nuclear plant or solar power, and they just can't
       | do it faster. Can someone realistically elaborate a high level
       | plan on what could be done, or a pointer to such sources?
        
         | ixtli wrote:
         | There is no way except property seizure and capital
         | reallocation at a large scale. This wont happen, so we're
         | effectively doomed to suffer the slow violence of the inaction
         | of our owners who themselves will never live to feel the harm
         | they're aiding and abetting.
        
           | NhanH wrote:
           | Can you go into a bit more details? What are the next step
           | after property seizure, and where is the capital deployed?
        
             | prottog wrote:
             | Mass property seizure and capital reallocation, i.e. a
             | revolution on a global scale, will inevitably lead to the
             | deaths of millions and a setback on living standards for
             | the rest, i.e. degrowth; which will accomplish the
             | objective of fewer carbon emissions.
        
               | anonuser123456 wrote:
               | >will inevitably lead to the deaths of millions
               | 
               | You are being generous. Historically, tens to hundreds of
               | millions would be more likely.
        
           | anonuser123456 wrote:
           | >There is no way except property seizure and capital
           | reallocation at a large scale.
           | 
           | Just like collective farms made Russia and China agricultural
           | power houses.
        
           | H_Pylori wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | tick_tock_tick wrote:
           | That is a very good point; nothing has done more to solve
           | starvation or improve the global standard of living then
           | capitalism. If we manage a hard switch to another system the
           | mass deaths from starvation and the collapse of the standard
           | of living should greatly reduce carbon emissions.
        
         | PurpleRamen wrote:
         | But removing carbon is within humanities technological
         | abilities. I mean, just plant enough trees, and it's mostly
         | done. This is not even a matter of technology. Removing sources
         | of pollution, like certain animals we use for food and other
         | things is another simple solution, which demands not technology
         | at all.
         | 
         | This problem is not a matter of technology, it's yet another
         | problem of society and people.
        
           | Symmetry wrote:
           | One square meter of forest land, if any fallen trees are
           | sequestered in a way so they never rot, will be enough to
           | offset 1 watt of fossil fuel energy use. It's not enough to
           | offset our current civilization by a long shot.
        
           | myrmidon wrote:
           | > I mean, just plant enough trees, and it's mostly done. This
           | is not even a matter of technology.
           | 
           | Carbon capture is completely unplausible. Annual US
           | CO2/capita is ~15tons, we simply can't realistically plant
           | enough trees.
           | 
           | Currently there is no way to do anything that would have
           | sufficient effect to _compensate_ current pollution-- we HAVE
           | to reduce it at the source.
           | 
           | But I completely agree that it is mostly just the _will_ that
           | is lacking.
        
         | myrmidon wrote:
         | Simply taxing CO2 emissions and maybe reinvesting some profits
         | (into electrification and renewables) should do just fine.
         | 
         | The problem is people have to pay for these changes. This means
         | potentially:
         | 
         | - General increase in prices/decrease in disposable income
         | 
         | - Danger for competitiveness of domestic industries
         | 
         | - Uncertain second-order effects/additional risk
         | 
         | Just consider electric vehicles-- pushing for no new
         | combustion-car sales starting in 2025 would be political
         | suicide in a lot of democractic nations, simply because people
         | _actually_ value future wellbeing on a planetary scale less
         | than what 's in their own pockets right now.
         | 
         | There is absolutely no need to go nuclear for electrical power
         | at this point IMO-- it's not cost competitive, not sustainable
         | and extremely unpopular, too.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | CatWChainsaw wrote:
         | Well, completely deconstruct the globalized civilization we
         | have today for a start. Everything that requires putting carbon
         | into the atmosphere would need to be judged for whether or not
         | it is truly necessary. And if you really want to exhibit wisdom
         | rather than just intelligence, you'd want to start considering
         | how things are going to work if renewables and nuclear simply
         | just don't scale no matter what innovation you try.
        
         | tick_tock_tick wrote:
         | The biggest and simplest is build massive nuclear power plants
         | and run carbon capture with the energy. It solves the issue
         | it's just not very $$ efficient.
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | 80% of the global population lives in a developing nation, keen
         | on quick and dirty energy sources and a growing appetite for
         | hyper consumerism and meat consumption.
         | 
         | The West is living in lala land with some of the proposed
         | policy measures.
         | 
         | A popular one is implenting a carbon tax at the border which
         | forces buyer and seller to internalize societal cost.
         | 
         | But this would result in redefined trading blocs, particularly
         | with united developing nations. The other bloc (paying the
         | border carbon tax) will enter a post-growth period due to slow
         | and expensive trade
        
         | cagenut wrote:
         | this inevitably turns into an argument over the definition of
         | "realistic" that then in turn becomes an argument over
         | hope/positivity-vs-doomer that then inevitably turns into an
         | argument over values.
         | 
         | with that caveat out of the way, here are some examples from
         | other people you can mull around as you ponder the scope and
         | scale.
         | 
         | #1 the IPCC themselves. As part of AR6 one of its reports is on
         | mitigation options: https://www.ipcc.ch/report/sixth-
         | assessment-report-working-g...
         | 
         | #2 - Bernie, if elected, wanted to start a 'green new deal'
         | jobs program that would re-direct most of the military budget
         | as well as greatly increase federal spending such that
         | somewhere in the vicinity of 1.5T/year would be spent on the
         | transition. The hope was that in de-escalating our global
         | military presence he could also entice china into a grand
         | bargain that involved them putting more of their military
         | budget into it as well. Again regardless of your opinion on the
         | realisticness of it, its worth recognizing as one of the only
         | people and plans that got the scope and scale correct.
         | 
         | #3 - https://drawdown.org/ Drawdown isn't a policy so much as a
         | menu of options that have been explored, studied, modeled,
         | quantified and ranked.
        
         | marcosdumay wrote:
         | Invest on renewable energy, until it is several times larger
         | than our consumption; invest on energy storage and renewable
         | chemical inputs; invest on carbon capture.
         | 
         | There's no hidden trick, all of that is completely obvious.
         | Yet, government action could increase the rate of change
         | several times.
         | 
         | Nobody is in full speed, everywhere things are mostly left to
         | the market, and the market created a huge lot of completely
         | artificial bottlenecks. It also is unable to do research and
         | any kind of long-term investments, even when it's clear those
         | are profitable; and it's always completely unwilling to do
         | infrastructure investment.
        
       | pier25 wrote:
       | The currently measured temps are nowhere near reality. We're
       | already way past 1.5oC if we consider aerosols cooling, climate
       | lag, and feedbacks. We've already eaten and really just waiting
       | for the bill. Even if a miracle happened today and we reached
       | zero emissions it wouldn't change that.
       | 
       | But considering that our global emissions are huge and population
       | keeps growing I'd be very surprised if we didn't reach 2oC in a
       | couple of decades. Even with the efforts of some countries in
       | reducing emissions, our per capita global emissions have been
       | hovering between 4-5t since the 70s and we're probably going the
       | break past 5t in the next years.
       | 
       | https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions-per-capita?t...
       | 
       | The only way out of this are very strong negative emissions. That
       | is, reducing emissions and removing carbon from the atmosphere.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
       | Just in case it saves one person the effort to research this
       | themselves ... for some reason I find the measurement of climate
       | change in units of temperature a bit problematic (though entirely
       | rational). It tends to suggest the old bugbear of "global
       | warming", which of course gets translated by deniers (& skeptics)
       | into "well it's colder here so that's wrong".
       | 
       | I spent a while digging in to try to get some numbers on a
       | different sense of what's happening. Global average temperature
       | is changing because extra energy is being retained within the
       | boundary of the planet's atmosphere [0]. So how much extra energy
       | is being retained?
       | 
       | A best guess estimate from 2015 would appear to be that
       | 
       | > the earth is getting about 300 terawatt hours of energy per
       | hour due to anthropogenic climate change, and humans use about 16
       | terawatt hours of energy per hour.
       | 
       | That is, the earth is _gaining 18x more energy per hour than we
       | use every hour_ , thanks to the changes in radiative forcing
       | driven by climate change contributors.
       | 
       | [0] anyone familiar with complex physical systems will understand
       | that when you add energy to such a system, the effects are often
       | hard to predict. It is very likely that the temperature of the
       | system will rise, but you may also see, for example, more
       | movement as well (which is in some sense a related concept to
       | "temperature" but not identical, and it adds uncertainty because
       | it of the extra degrees of freedom).
        
         | alfor wrote:
         | Complex systems usually tend to equilibrium otherwise they
         | would be in constant oscillation (positive feedback theory).
         | 
         | As we look back in ice cores, there is variation, but not
         | constant oscillations witch confirm a self stabilizing system.
         | 
         | A few negative feedback we don't often hear:
         | 
         | increase of co2 have a huge effect on plant grow especially in
         | hash deserted conditions.
         | 
         | Increase in temperature increase humidity: clouds that have a
         | huge effect on reflecting radiation (much greater than co2)
         | increase precipitation, increase plant growth in deserts.
         | 
         | Not to say that we should continue this experiment, but maybe
         | not panic either and see this as the only problem: war, famine,
         | poverty are much more important and real immediate problems
         | instead of projected possible problems.
        
           | wcoenen wrote:
           | > _Increase in temperature increase humidity_
           | 
           | Water vapor amplifies the effect of other greenhouse gases.
           | 
           | https://climate.nasa.gov/ask-nasa-climate/3143/steamy-
           | relati...
        
             | alfor wrote:
             | Yes, but also with clouds that prevent radiation from
             | reaching the ground.
        
           | brnt wrote:
           | Im sure the IPCC authors didn't forget their climate science
           | 101 material.
           | 
           | Moreover, we can tackle multiple problems concurrently, no
           | need to make it appear we can only ever do one thing. And as
           | it so happens, climate change tends to correlate extremely
           | well with war and famine. It certainly appears a climate
           | solution is going to help many other big problems along as
           | well.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > climate change tends to correlate extremely well with war
             | and famine
             | 
             | and migration.
        
             | alfor wrote:
             | Yes we can, but what are those problems, what is the cost
             | involved, what are we willing to sacrifice?
             | 
             | There is many other goals that are largely ignored because
             | "climate" is very very popular.
             | 
             | I like the work of Bjorn Lomborg on that front. When we
             | rank the problems and solution climate is not at the top.
        
             | alfor wrote:
             | The IPCC authors are financially rewarded to continue to
             | push in that direction.
             | 
             | Most of them have made career in that field, where a few
             | decade ago there was barely any financing available for
             | climate.
             | 
             | Those that challenge the current orthodoxy are pushed aside
             | and cast out.
             | 
             | This is not science, it's religion.
        
           | kuhewa wrote:
           | > increase of co2 have a huge effect on plant grow especially
           | in hash deserted conditions.
           | 
           | Which might sound good for crops but of itself can
           | destabilise ecosystems, African savannahs are already
           | becoming scrubbier with brush and shrubs due to more CO2
           | enrichment for at least ~1 million and possibly several
           | million years. That will definitely have implications for
           | populations of animals adapted for grassland
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > clouds that have a huge effect on reflecting radiation
           | 
           | My understanding is that clouds are _inside_ that part of the
           | atmosphere in which radiative forcing has decreased. This
           | means that while they may reflect radiation so that it does
           | not reach the ground, they do not stop (all) the energy from
           | being trapped within the atmosphere.
           | 
           | > war, famine, poverty
           | 
           | All actual problems that will result from significant climate
           | change, not distinct from climate change (even though they
           | may exist for other reasons too).
        
         | suby wrote:
         | The analogy I've seen which I like is to that of a boiling pot
         | of water on a stove. As you increase the heat (energy) in the
         | system, the water level fluctuates throughout. You have points
         | where there's a higher water level, but you also have points
         | where there's a lower water level.
        
         | ep103 wrote:
         | The thing that blew my mind was that they always report this in
         | degrees Celsius.
         | 
         | I'm in America, even despite an engineering degree, I think in
         | Fahrenheit.
         | 
         | 1.5C sounds like a small number, until you remember that
         | Fahrenheit is ~2x 1C.
         | 
         | So 1.5 degrees C is ~3 degrees F. Which, to me, just
         | emotionally feels like a bigger number despite being the same
         | empiraclly.
         | 
         | Similarly, it means when the IPCC is saying there might be a 7C
         | change in 100 years, they mean a 15F change. 15F is emotionally
         | terrifying to me. Its the difference between 85 degrees and
         | 100. 7C is an abstract concept to me.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | UK tabloids apparently choose to use Fahrenheit to
           | sensationalize heat waves.
        
           | saulpw wrote:
           | The US is basically the only country in the world that uses
           | the Fahrenheit scale.
        
             | mulmen wrote:
             | This is false. Fahrenheit is commonly used in Canada to
             | this day. Awareness of the scale still exists in the UK as
             | well. Any commonwealth country is likely to have awareness
             | because metrication happened so late in those countries.
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | As a Canadian I never use Fahrenheit. The only people I
               | know who do are at least 70.
               | 
               | Edit: For weather.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Honest question: what temperature scale is on your oven?
               | My understanding is that it is likely to be Fahrenheit
               | but I don't actually know.
        
               | kaidon wrote:
               | The metric system is everywhere but the kitchen :)
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Sorry, I meant in terms of weather. The oven is
               | Fahrenheit (presumably because its product being sold in
               | America too) but I don't have a mapping for that vs
               | weather.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Ah, yeah, that's a fair confusion.
               | 
               | I don't think Canadian ovens feature the Fahrenheit scale
               | because they are sold in the US. The SKUs are likely to
               | be different and changing the display is easy. Consider
               | cars which are similar. I assume Canadian cars feature
               | speedometers in KPH and external thermometers in Celsius.
               | I am curious what units your engine coolant temp uses
               | though!
               | 
               | Canada is a commonwealth country and the commonwealth
               | didn't begin converting to the metric system in earnest
               | until the 1970s. This is over 100 years later than the
               | rest of the world. Canada paused metrication in 1988.
               | Cooking is likely to have been one of the last things to
               | change because it is so common.
               | 
               | Pre-metrication Canada used the _Imperial_ system and the
               | US used the _US Customary_ system. This means the
               | definition of units like the gallon was inconsistent.
               | Units in Canada seem to be influenced more by the
               | commonwealth than they are by their southern neighbor.
        
               | saulpw wrote:
               | My friends in Canada talk in degrees Celsius by default.
               | They have a basic understanding of Fahrenheit (more than
               | Americans do of Celsius), but it's not their native
               | temperature scale.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Yes, they use both. Celsius primarily, but still both.
               | Ask them how hot their oven is, or the temperature of the
               | pool.
        
               | andrew_gs wrote:
               | That's certainly not true for Australia and New Zealand,
               | numbers in Fahrenheit are basically meaningless for me.
        
               | mulmen wrote:
               | Australia and NZ had much more successful conversions to
               | the metric system than Canada but there are people alive
               | today who would have used the Fahrenheit scale early in
               | their lives. Contrast this with non commonwealth
               | countries who converted to the metric system 100 years
               | earlier than the commonwealth.
               | 
               | UK Metrication: 1978 (partial)
               | 
               | Canadian Metrication: 1976 (partial)
               | 
               | Australian Metrication: 1988
               | 
               | NZ Metrication: 1976
               | 
               | French Metrication: 1858
               | 
               | German Metrication: 1872
               | 
               | Mexican Metrication: 1857
        
               | paranoidrobot wrote:
               | Awareness is not the same thing as familiarity.
               | 
               | If you give temperatures in Fahrenheit, most people
               | outside the US (and Canada) are going to need to convert
               | that to Celsius.
        
         | kuhewa wrote:
         | 90% absorbed by the ocean thanks to a high specific heat it's
         | an even more modest number in degrees
        
         | georgeglue1 wrote:
         | Do you have a sense of what the % increase in total energy is?
         | As in what is the denominator for the +300 terawatt hour
         | figure?
        
           | djleni wrote:
           | Yeah this stat is a bit confusing to me.
           | 
           | Does this imply in preindustrial times the net energy was 0,
           | or is this total energy and there's some number not mentioned
           | of loss?
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | My understanding (I'm not a climate scientist) is that yes,
             | net energy was zero over the "right" period of time (i.e.
             | incoming energy from the sun balanced energy lost by
             | radiating to space).
             | 
             | The key technical term (IIUC) is "radiative forcing"
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiative_forcing
        
         | klabb3 wrote:
         | Yeah, those are interesting numbers. Another one I'm curious
         | about is: how much faster are we burning fossil fuels than they
         | are replenished naturally? The only number I found was a low
         | estimate of 750x, and I think that was for oil. I assume
         | "natural" gas is faster?
        
           | tylerpachal wrote:
           | Not specific to fossil fuels, but there is Earth Overshoot
           | Day[0]
           | 
           | > Earth Overshoot Day marks the date when humanity has used
           | all the biological resources that Earth regenerates during
           | the entire year.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.overshootday.org/
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | Given many fossil fuel deposits took millions of years to
           | settle/decompose/compress, I don't think you get a proper X
           | multiplier without an _exponent_ greater than 6.
        
             | klabb3 wrote:
             | Yeah the time is interesting but it doesn't directly imply
             | anything about the flow. I'm curious about that. Ie how
             | much new oil/gas etc is being produced by nature each year.
             | 
             | Found this[1] now, which gives a ballpark of 20-80k
             | barrels/y which can vary quite a bit depending on the
             | guesstimates of undiscovered reserves. Since we produce
             | 80-100M barrels/y, we're drinking from the basin about
             | 1000x the rate that it replenishes. Or slightly worse,
             | because we're slurping up the yummy and easily accessible
             | parts, whereas formation occurs everywhere. Still, the 1e6
             | estimate seems orders of magnitude too high (to my surprise
             | as well).
             | 
             | Again, this is only for crude oil, and there are certainly
             | more factors at play.
             | 
             | 1:
             | https://earthscience.stackexchange.com/questions/571/how-
             | muc...
        
         | dkjaudyeqooe wrote:
         | > anyone familiar with complex physical systems will understand
         | that when you add energy to such a system, the effects are
         | often hard to predict
         | 
         | This is something that is very underappreciated. It's entirely
         | possible that the climate becomes chaotic (in a mathematical
         | sense) and there are sudden, drastic changes that cause
         | economic and social devastation.
         | 
         | It seems inevitable that people will be complacent until it's
         | too late.
        
           | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
           | > It's entirely possible that the climate becomes chaotic
           | 
           | Ya think ? :)
           | 
           | (no insult intended)
        
         | andrei_says_ wrote:
         | I wish warnings came with clear outlines of mass extinctions,
         | of changes in resources, and most importantly, of cost to
         | property owners in impacted areas.
         | 
         | That last one could finally cause some action because the
         | current economy largely ignored anything else.
        
           | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
           | But if any of those outlines don't happen when expected or in
           | a different way then people call it all bunk - same reason
           | people discount it now because of previous dire warnings. The
           | boy who cried wolf is the great fable for this, because
           | ultimately there was a wolf.
        
       | lapama wrote:
       | There is time, but no action.
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | So, does this apply to China, which is burning more coal than
       | ever?
       | 
       | The UN secretary general, Antonio Guterres, said: "This report is
       | a clarion call to massively fast-track climate efforts by every
       | country and every sector and on every timeframe. Our world needs
       | climate action on all fronts: everything, everywhere, all at
       | once."
        
         | dathos wrote:
         | This is not one of those problems that goes away by pointing a
         | finger.
        
           | shrubble wrote:
           | If one set of countries is lowering what they are doing, and
           | another set of countries is increasing what they are doing,
           | is that exactly equal in your eyes?
        
             | Ekaros wrote:
             | I think we can talk to the developing countries at the
             | point when their per capita matches the now lower emissions
             | of most developed countries.
        
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