[HN Gopher] Google CEO Sundar Pichai deletes chats in violation ...
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       Google CEO Sundar Pichai deletes chats in violation of retention
       obligations
        
       Author : connor11528
       Score  : 133 points
       Date   : 2023-03-19 22:04 UTC (55 minutes ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.fosspatents.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.fosspatents.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | revelio wrote:
       | This headline is very misleading. He's not being accused of
       | deleting them. He is being accused of not creating the chat
       | records in the first place. Legally these are different things.
       | There's no obligation to generate as much evidence as possible
       | just in case one day you get sued by someone who might want it.
       | Lit holds are just that, _holds_ , you have to hold records you
       | already have and not destroy them. The assumption in the system
       | is that institutions generate records as a natural matter of
       | course, and that's what the plaintiffs are being allowed to get
       | access to. This complaint seems very likely to fail as a result,
       | short of some sudden change in the standard understanding of
       | record retention laws.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > He's not being accused of deleting them. He is being accused
         | of not creating the chat records in the first place.
         | 
         | Online chats exist as digital data _ab initio_ , the issue is
         | _not_ creation (which had to happen for there to be a chat) but
         | retention. The fact that the UI of a system may present things
         | suggesting that "creating" a record is a separate act does not
         | make it so.
        
       | xiphias2 wrote:
       | I'm not sure which side I'm on actually. Do we really want to be
       | able to give the governments the right to restrict our ability to
       | not record things if they are done in chat (as opposed to
       | encrypted phone call)?
       | 
       | I know that Sundar should be the ,,bad guy'' here, but I think
       | this is a very different case from deleting past data
       | selectively.
        
       | user3939382 wrote:
       | If you destroy evidence civil procedure allows the court to
       | consider the evidence to have been as detrimental as possible to
       | your case. It often means you automatically lose.
       | 
       | That's for us plebes anyway, how that translates to these
       | megacorps the "justice" system is there to serve I'm not sure.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | silentsea90 wrote:
       | Google inconveniences the entire company by defaulting to 24hrs
       | chat retention so they can avoid sharing sensitive info in
       | litigation (frustrating countless employees who would have needed
       | to refer to the chat message from yesterday about simple CLI
       | commands/instructions etc) while getting hit by a lawsuit for
       | intentionally purging history. Classic Google.
        
         | andy_ppp wrote:
         | You know the corporate bureaucracy has taken over completely
         | there then. I'd be surprised if they play a big role in the
         | coming AI wars with people making decisions like this.
        
         | unstatusthequo wrote:
         | This is not limited to Google. It's a tactic used to frustrate
         | the overly excitable Plaintiff bar who enjoys asking for
         | overbroad discovery of records. It has been so pervasive that
         | companies have designed record retention policies more limited
         | than even they want because it cost them so much to go
         | preserve, collect, process, review, and produce in litigation.
        
           | lozenge wrote:
           | Why do you say they enjoy it and it's overbroad? Any
           | discovery can be disputed in front of a judge anyway.
        
         | filoleg wrote:
         | > _frustrating countless employees who would have needed to
         | refer to the chat message from yesterday about simple CLI
         | commands /instructions etc_
         | 
         | The 24-hour auto-deletion is just a default that can be easily
         | disabled, which is what you would do in this scenario. After
         | you disable it, none of the messages in that chat will get
         | auto-deleted going forward.
         | 
         | That setting isn't buried deep in the menus either. You just
         | right-click the chat for which you want to turn on history, and
         | then left-click the "turn on chat history" button. You do it
         | once for a given chat, and you never have to revisit it again,
         | it will stay turned on until you intentionally turn it off.
         | 
         | It helps that when you open a chat with a new chat
         | group/person, it displays in very large text in the center
         | "Turn on chat history to prevent messages from being auto-
         | deleted in 24 hours", so it is difficult to forget to do so
         | either.
        
           | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
           | What about the employees seemingly being told to make the
           | chat private and the chat abruptly ending?
        
         | RjQoLCOSwiIKfpm wrote:
         | The 24h limit is quite the contrast to what happens when you,
         | as a customer, use their products:
         | 
         | Around every corner there is a dialog which asks for permission
         | to store extremely personal data, such as your GPS location or
         | browsing history, indefinitely.
         | 
         | See how much Google values its users safety vs. its own
         | safety...
        
           | CydeWeys wrote:
           | If you click the button to delete that data, though, it is
           | actually deleted.
        
         | revelio wrote:
         | You seem to be assuming Google will lose. Seems more likely
         | that they will win and the article author is wrong when he says
         | 
         | "From the outside it appears very, very difficult to imagine
         | that Google will get away with what it's done."
         | 
         | There is no law compelling you to write down every word,
         | thought or discussion that takes place in the office. Google
         | was subject to litigation holds. That means you can't _destroy_
         | evidence if it might be relevant, it doesn 't imply some sort
         | of unlimited obligation to create endless documents containing
         | every word uttered by every employee 24/7. How would that even
         | work? The author's inability to imagine Google's lawyers
         | successfully making this argument reflects poorly on their
         | imaginative skills, not Google.
        
           | bootwoot wrote:
           | I was taking the referenced chat conversation in the post to
           | have occurred _after_ the legal hold was put in place. It
           | seems far more devious to explicitly avoid records in places
           | that would otherwise have records when a court has already
           | said  "you need to have records". I'm not a lawyer and don't
           | know the context that well, though, so this may be incorrect
           | understanding on my part.
        
             | revelio wrote:
             | Whether it seems devious or not to you, has no bearing on
             | whether it's legal. The court does not say "you need to
             | create records on this topic going forward". It says "you
             | need to retain records you already created on this topic".
             | 
             | One thing that may confuse people is that some industries
             | like finance _are_ subject to regulations that force them
             | to create records of employee conversations even if
             | normally they wouldn 't and even if there's no pending
             | lawsuit. But those are industry specific rules governing
             | specific activities like trading, not a general legal
             | concept that'd have applied to Google.
        
               | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
               | The records existed and were then deleted.
        
           | silentsea90 wrote:
           | I don't make such assumptions and have no understanding of
           | what's right or wrong legally. I speak as a xoogler who hated
           | Chat (featurewise) + retention policy and found it to
           | exacerbate Google's sluggishness in shipping.
        
           | otterley wrote:
           | Why do you think they are more likely to win? Why do you
           | think your opinion is more informed than that of an
           | experienced legal analyst? What are your bona fides?
        
           | cjensen wrote:
           | You seem to be arguing against something no one has
           | suggested. No one has suggested they have to document every
           | conversation or thought. However, if the conversation is
           | chat/text/email then it is considered a written record that
           | may not be destroyed. So the rule is "do not destroy records
           | you have create" not "record everything."
        
       | hn_throwaway_99 wrote:
       | Can a lawyer comment on how retention laws have evolved in the
       | past 20-25 years? Before email, hardly any informal conversation
       | was recorded - it was done in person or on the phone. Now,
       | though, so much of our conversations are done in recorded digital
       | formats. But surely it's not illegal to say something like "Let's
       | chat about this in person", even if you _are_ under some sort of
       | record retention decree, correct?
       | 
       | I've just seen some law cases over the past 10 years or so where
       | I think it's very easy to take informal conversation out of
       | context. For a person like the CEO of Google, where tons of folks
       | would be _deliberately_ looking to frame any utterance in the
       | worst possible light, I can understand wanting separate channels
       | for informal discussion vs. official decisions /communications.
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | We have these weird evolving conventions.
         | 
         | We tend to increasingly use chat rather than email for
         | contacting individuals or small groups about something. I guess
         | I assume it's still all archived.
         | 
         | On the other hand, we don't really call people anymore.
         | Certainly out of the blue. Much less talk in person.
         | 
         | But (I guess) if you want to have an off the record
         | conversation you really need to have a call.
        
           | gman83 wrote:
           | Why are calls considered off the record? Wouldn't it be
           | trivial for those to be logged too?
        
             | paxys wrote:
             | There are _very_ strict federal and state laws around who
             | can or cannot record phone calls and how admissible they
             | are in court.
        
               | bentcorner wrote:
               | New chat app idea: You "text" a locally running TTS model
               | that uses your phone's modem to call the recipient and
               | talks to the recpient, and replies (from another TTS
               | model on the other side) are run through STT model and
               | appear as text replies.
        
               | loeg wrote:
               | Completely orthogonal to a business's employees' internal
               | communication about that business.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | The fact that calls occurred is sometimes logged in
             | government. They're not typically recorded in general.
             | (IANAL) Of course, if there were such a requirement, people
             | would simply go to the next level of non-loggability.
             | 
             | Historically, written communications were recorded and had
             | to be retained but other forms of communications did not.
             | One of the things that's happened is relatively little of
             | my professional communications is not recorded in some form
             | these days.
        
               | staticautomatic wrote:
               | They're considered off the record because the content of
               | the call generally becomes hearsay inadmissible to prove
               | the truth of what was said.
        
               | cldellow wrote:
               | It's kind of the swiss cheese model. People will slip up
               | --it's very hard to conduct business in entirely off-the-
               | record chats.
               | 
               | I like the recent example of a junior BP trader. He had
               | an opportunity to meet a vice president of the company,
               | and was trying to impress the VP with what the trader's
               | team was doing. The VP responded along the lines of
               | "Gosh, it's funny, what you're describing almost sounds
               | like market manipulation, but it can't be, because I'm
               | sure we wouldn't be doing that."
               | 
               | The junior BP trader then immediately called the senior
               | trader on their office phone. All calls to the office
               | phone are recorded. Throughout the call, the junior
               | trader is persistently trying to ask if what they're
               | doing is market manipulation, and the senior trader keeps
               | cutting him off before he can complete a sentence.
               | 
               | Then the penny drops, the junior trader says, "Hey, I
               | just remembered, I need to run," hangs up, and
               | immediately calls the senior trader on his (unrecorded)
               | cell phone.
               | 
               | _That_ call wasn't recorded, and when asked in court,
               | neither the junior trader nor the senior trader could
               | recall what they discussed.
               | 
               | The judge didn't seem to believe them. BP had to pay a
               | bunch of $, and the junior trader now works somewhere
               | else. :)
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | And I don't even have a business phone at this point. Nor
               | does pretty much anyone I talk to. So any conversation
               | (and a lot of texts) is over personal devices.
               | 
               | Perhaps it would be different at a financial firm.
        
         | Jenk wrote:
         | Not a lawyer, but have been in orgs that need to comply with
         | these regs: phone calls are recorded, and meeting minutes are
         | recorded - sometimes with full transcriptions. Anyone "caught"
         | having official conversations in unofficial meetings gets a
         | frowning.
         | 
         | Yes, there was (and still is) always going to be "off the
         | books" conversations. In the UK we're seeing news of our
         | politicians using WhatsApp as a back-channel for comms they
         | don't want appearing in official records. Business is
         | undoubtedly using such technology too.
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Matt Levine has talked a few times about the wild scope
         | increase of records retention in finance over the past century
         | or so in Money Stuff. Not exactly the same as a legal hold, but
         | analogous for similar reasons (recording everything has become
         | cheaper).
         | 
         | > We have talked before about the SEC's probe into how the
         | employees of big banks discussed their work in text messages
         | and chat apps like WhatsApp on their personal cell phones. The
         | SEC has collected big fines from the biggest banks because, it
         | has said, these chats violated the SEC's recordkeeping
         | requirements.
         | 
         | ...
         | 
         | > From the perspective of the banks, I have argued, this is a
         | novel expansion of the SEC's authority. When the SEC created
         | its rules on recordkeeping, it required banks to retain copies
         | of their "inter-office memoranda," but it was 1948 and those
         | memoranda were produced with carbon paper; they were formal
         | business records memorializing serious policies. In the 2020s,
         | WhatsApp chats are, in large part, substitutes not for formal
         | memoranda but for talking to someone in person. When I was a
         | banker, I have written, "There were some mornings when I sent
         | more than 100 inter-office memoranda, though like 20 of them
         | would be 'lol' or 'fml.'" In 1948, the SEC would not have
         | dreamed of demanding a searchable archive of all of the
         | informal chats held at a brokerage: That was not
         | technologically feasible, and also did not seem to be the point
         | of its rules. In 2022, it was feasible, and the SEC did demand
         | it, and when the brokers were missing some chats they paid a
         | billion dollars in fines.
         | 
         | > ...
         | 
         | > It really is wild that the SEC's official position is now
         | that it is illegal to "use unofficial communications to do
         | things like cut deals, win clients or make trades." "Conduct
         | their communications about business matters within only
         | official channels"! Imagine if that was really the rule! You
         | can't have lunch with a client and talk about business, or have
         | beers with your colleagues and gripe about work, because that
         | does not create a searchable archive for the SEC to review.
         | 
         | > Of course the SEC does not entirely mean this. Yet. But in
         | like five years, technology -- and the SEC's interpretation of
         | the rules -- will have advanced to the point that banks will
         | get fined if their bankers talk about business with clients on
         | the golf course.
         | 
         | https://www.bloomberg.com/opinion/articles/2023-02-02/the-se...
        
         | fsckboy wrote:
         | just so you understand what the basic rules are; as an
         | individual you cannot be forced to provide testimony against
         | yourself.
         | 
         | But your written records are fair game as evidence, including
         | your personal diary.* The right not to testify is really more
         | about "so there's no incentive to torture you" more than it is
         | a civilized notion that "we are gentlemen, let's have a level
         | playing field, my secrets against yours". Then in addition to
         | that, there are also document retention laws for documents that
         | seem like they will be pertinent in the future, court orders
         | during litigation that are even more restrictive, and
         | corporations held to higher standards (there isn't generally
         | going to be evidence of a person lying to himself, but
         | corporations inducing employees to lie is more directly in the
         | crosshairs)
         | 
         | *from a quick search "Even if a diary doesn't contain relevant
         | evidence, courts will usually allow the side requesting to see
         | it to make that determination for themselves. Particularly in
         | cases where a party is alleging physical or emotional injuries,
         | diaries are rather helpful in understanding what a person has
         | experienced due to their injury. If a party kept a diary before
         | the injury occurred, it can also help to show the contrast
         | between life prior to and after the injury."
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | orra wrote:
       | Florian Mueller ("FOSSPatents") prominently shilled for Oracle,
       | back during the Google v Oracle case days. That's when Oracle
       | were trying to destroy the right to create an open source, clean
       | room reimplementation of an API. He doesn't give a shit about
       | FOSS.
       | 
       | Do not trust.
        
       | paxys wrote:
       | Does an obligation to preserve electronic communication also mean
       | that all communication has to be done electronically? Having
       | sensitive conversations in person or on the phone -
       | _specifically_ so that they aren 't preserved or leaked - is how
       | most businesses (and governments and other institutions) operate.
       | This is seen as conventional wisdom, not some nefarious plot.
        
         | jonstewart wrote:
         | No, there's no obligation.
         | 
         | But not retaining records when under a legal hold can be very
         | bad. The judge can impose sanctions/fines, and of course it can
         | color the rest of the case and bias the jury against you.
        
         | j45 wrote:
         | Interesting q. Like there's an obligation to create electronic
         | communication records.
         | 
         | Would going for a coffee or walking meeting be in bad faith?
        
         | AequitasOmnibus wrote:
         | No, there's no obligation to memorialize everything in writing.
         | But it's a two way street. If a conversation is important
         | enough, the parties also have incentives to write it down (to
         | avoid recanting or conveniently forgetting or misunderstanding
         | important terms).
         | 
         | In court, testimonial evidence is usually presented under oath,
         | under penalty of perjury. If a company is subverting recording
         | information by only discussing sensitive items in person, a
         | good lawyer will put multiple witnesses on the stand, ask them
         | all the same questions about the sensitive topic, then poke
         | holes in the inconsistencies and see who cracks first on the
         | witness stand. It might be hard to get someone to disclose the
         | sensitive subject, but it's rather easy to catch someone in a
         | lie or a cover up. That's usually good enough.
        
       | comboy wrote:
       | I have no idea about the subject, so can somebody explain to me
       | why can two people at a company talk to each other without
       | turning on any recording device but can't do that legally using
       | text? That is if my understanding is correct.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | maxerickson wrote:
         | It's more or less inertia. At some point the legal situation
         | for each practice was evaluated and established and here we
         | are.
         | 
         | Chats probably got rolled into rules established for email.
        
           | furyofantares wrote:
           | > Chats probably got rolled into rules established for email.
           | 
           | And emails I think in turn got rolled into the rules
           | established for "documents"?
        
             | loeg wrote:
             | Interoffice memoranda!
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | Lawyers, legislators, and courts are all old or old-fashioned
         | people who use phones and in-person meetings a lot. So,
         | conveniently, there is a special historical exemption for phone
         | calls and in-person meetings.
        
       | KKKKkkkk1 wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
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