[HN Gopher] U.S. lawmakers to examine merits of higher FDIC bank...
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       U.S. lawmakers to examine merits of higher FDIC bank deposit
       insurance cap
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 24 points
       Date   : 2023-03-19 17:25 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.cnbc.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.cnbc.com)
        
       | beefman wrote:
       | Deposit insurance should be unlimited for accounts yielding less
       | than the 1-year T-bill. Insurance should be provided via the
       | Fed's balance sheet, not a separate fund. Bank employee and
       | director compensation above 4x GDP/capita in any year to be paid
       | in shares, which they are enjoined from selling while employed by
       | the bank and for one year afterward. They can borrow against the
       | shares to buy mansions - I want them to live in mansions - but
       | they will lose them if they need help paying their depositors.
       | 
       | Accounts yielding more than the 1-year T-bill should require
       | labeling as subject to loss.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _Bank employee and director compensation above 4x GDP /capita
         | in any year to be paid in shares, which they are enjoined from
         | selling while employed by the bank and for one year afterward_
         | 
         | You've created an incentive for rotating employment, thereby
         | diffusing responsibility.
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | This is a good thing, no?
           | 
           | More turnover among sr folks leads to a greater focus on (1)
           | institutional risk management, because you can't trust the
           | new guys view things the same as the old, and (2) consistent
           | reevaluation of previous assumptions, because the guy who
           | made them is gone.
           | 
           | I'd argue the long tenure of sr bank employees is a weakness
           | of the current system, not a strength.
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | I'd want to see research. Hollowing out cultures is rarely
             | the solution to a complex problem.
             | 
             | Trivially, such a rule would be worked around by trading
             | staff back and forth between adjacent firms. Then you'd
             | have minimum-stay and arms-length regulations, at which
             | point we might just see the contracting trend hit Wall
             | Street.
        
           | beefman wrote:
           | No system is perfect. What would you suggest?
        
             | JumpCrisscross wrote:
             | > _What would you suggest?_
             | 
             | Fed accepts Treasuries at face value, not market, at the
             | discount window.
             | 
             | Stress testing for banks with more than $50bn deposits. (No
             | Barney Frank/SVB exception.)
             | 
             | New FDIC assessments for large deposits. Tier so banks can
             | reasonably choose to refuse them, or charge an excess-
             | deposit fee. ($1mm, $10mm, $100mm seem reasonable.)
        
               | gruez wrote:
               | >Fed accepts Treasuries at face value, not market, at the
               | discount window.
               | 
               | Why would anyone buy short dated treasuries then, when
               | you can load up on 25 year treasuries at a steep discount
               | (relative to face value) then turn around and give it to
               | the fed at face value?
               | 
               | >Stress testing for banks with more than $50bn deposits.
               | (No Barney Frank/SVB exception.)
               | 
               | SVB had just shy of $20B in deposits
               | 
               | >New FDIC assessments for large deposits. Tier so banks
               | can reasonably choose to refuse them, or charge an
               | excess-deposit fee. ($1mm, $10mm, $100mm seem
               | reasonable.)
               | 
               | Is this really an issue that exists? Are banks obligated
               | by regulation to accept deposits or something?
        
               | JumpCrisscross wrote:
               | > _when you can load up on 25 year treasuries at a steep
               | discount (relative to face value) then turn around and
               | give it to the fed at face value_
               | 
               | We've already answered this question with the bailouts of
               | SVB and Signature's depositors. (Granted, not
               | shareholders.)
               | 
               | Maybe a higher penalty rate for face-value borrowing? Or
               | a limit to it, such that it serves as a canary?
               | 
               | > _SVB had just shy of $20B in deposits_
               | 
               | After the run. Before it had close to $200bn [1].
               | 
               | > _really an issue that exists_
               | 
               | It doesn't, and that's the problem.
               | 
               | The FDIC assesses a uniform charge on all of a bank's
               | liabilities. It's clear some depositors pose a greater
               | risk than others. I'm proposing differentiating the
               | FDIC's fee to incorporate that information, thereby
               | encouraging banks to differentiate. Want to be a loosely-
               | regulated community bank that can offer small depositors
               | a higher rate because you aren't paying to insure Peter
               | Thiel? Great, now you can.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/business/silicon-
               | valley-b...
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | 34679 wrote:
         | Private insurance is available. If you have significantly more
         | than $250k in the bank, you can afford it. Our government has
         | enough "solutions" as it is, and many (most?) of them are
         | targeted toward the people who need them the least.
        
           | mindslight wrote:
           | You are looking at it from the perspective of what features
           | it makes sense to provide to account holders. Instead, after
           | the SVB fiasco we should be looking at it from the
           | perspective that all bank accounts create liability for the
           | FDIC based on public expectations. As such _all bank
           | accounts_ should ultimately be  "FDIC insured" - not because
           | we want to help out large account holders with decreased
           | risk, but rather because when something does happen, those
           | nominally "uninsured" account holders are going to be begging
           | for a bailout _regardless_ while spreading panic to get their
           | way.
           | 
           | The insurance premiums on larger accounts should be larger
           | (superlinear) to handle the increased variance of larger
           | amounts. If someone wants to store large amounts of money
           | without (indirectly) paying the FDIC insurance fees, then
           | they choose something else besides a bank account - perhaps a
           | brokerage account and/or buying treasuries directly.
           | 
           | Furthermore, the hazard of bank management gambling the money
           | away should be discouraged through larger capital
           | requirements, and even criminal penalties for blowing through
           | that capital buffer and into customer deposits due to not
           | employing proper hedging or insurance.
        
         | hartator wrote:
         | Yes, I would agree to that.
         | 
         | It seems unfair to punish depositors that have zero or very low
         | interest rates on their deposits. At the same time, it seems
         | fair to punish depositors which were yeild chasing that 4.50%
         | APY from SVB savings.
        
           | roundandround wrote:
           | I think depositors who are happy with low interest should be
           | able to use accounts directly from the treasury to work with
           | US bonds.. I don't want to bail out companies that try to eek
           | out small profits in the middle and help them drive the
           | average consumers interest to well bellow the bond rates.
        
             | hartator wrote:
             | I mean you can buy directly bonds already aren't you?
        
               | roundandround wrote:
               | The Treasury is selling bonds for the US' interests and
               | should provide adequate accounts to manage your funds
               | within the context of US savings bonds and transfers.
               | People who put a million in bonds through an opaque
               | account at an intermediary are then still at their own
               | risk.
               | 
               | Why subsidize and encourage middlemen? It's like building
               | the scam opportunity for privatized social security
               | insurance management, as if honesty will be the most
               | profitable choice in managing that.. It's inappropriate
               | for the government to design systems that reward scamming
               | in the middle.
        
         | woodruffw wrote:
         | Making depositors' insurance effectively unlimited so long as
         | it's below the T-bill rate would probably reduce incentives
         | around liquidity, right?
         | 
         | It would be interesting to read policy or study papers on ideas
         | like this; I don't have especially strong intuitions for how
         | they'd play out.
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | If the bank collapses, you get wiped out. Incentive for the
           | banker is the same. Incentive for the depositor shifts
           | assuming perfect information. But in practice, information
           | asymmetry makes depositor preference insensitive to bank
           | risk, regardless of insurance.
           | 
           | This would just be an acknowledgement "we're always gonna
           | have to do it for the big guys, might as well make it fair
           | for the little guys too"
        
       | mym1990 wrote:
       | Amazing how quickly things move when dollars are at stake.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | It's amazing that lawmakers act quickly to head off a crisis
         | that would not only affect all Americans but send ripples
         | through the global economy?
        
           | mym1990 wrote:
           | You mean "lawmakers act quickly to preserve the capital of
           | the global elite, of which the cost will be born by everyone
           | else, in response to extreme moral hazard, and ultimately no
           | one will be held accountable."
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | I mean it is amazing if they do it well. If we don't have a
           | financial crisis soon, it would be a wonderful sign of
           | responsible governance, effective regulation, and
           | international cooperation.
           | 
           | So many doubt the ability of the US government to govern
           | responsibly. It IS amazing when they demonstrate
           | responsibility!
        
       | checkcircuits wrote:
       | The better question of course is who pays for this? They're quiet
       | about it because it's not the banks. The banks paying it is only
       | a technicality. This additional premium they will inevitably have
       | to pay will come from depositors. So, effectively, people who
       | trusted their money with banks are being punished for putting
       | money in banks that abandoned their fiduciary duty to their
       | customers.
       | 
       | Unless the banks themselves pay it and something is in place to
       | prevent these costs being past down to their depositors this
       | should be a non-starter. It is TARP by any other name.
        
         | x0x0 wrote:
         | nm, I was wrong, dragonwriter has the right of it
        
           | dragonwriter wrote:
           | > Insuring unlimited amounts based on the whim of the fed
           | while only charging insurance on the first 250k
           | 
           | The FDIC doesn't charge insurance on only the amount of
           | deposits covered by insurance. Prior to 2010, it did on all
           | deposits, post 2010 under Dodd-Frank it expanded to all
           | _liabilities_.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | It's just insurance for your own account though. You pay to
         | insure your car and you pay to insure your bank account.
         | 
         | As long as bank regulations are reasonably strict that this
         | happens as infrequently as it does, ultimately having
         | depositors foot the bill doesn't seem problematic.
         | 
         | It's more appropriate than taxpayers generally, and it can't be
         | the bank owners because the whole point is they've _already_
         | been wiped out.
        
           | checkcircuits wrote:
           | The problem is they aren't wiped out enough. Bankers who
           | instigated the GFC got jobs elsewhere. One of them was even
           | the CEO of SVB!
           | 
           | Breach of fiduciary duty in any other context is essentially
           | a death sentence for a career in finance. Clearly being
           | _wiped out_ isn 't enough. The complexity in the matter is
           | that depositors reasonably expect to be able to get all of
           | their money out at any time. As they should. It's their
           | money. At the command of the fed their reserve rates were
           | dropped to zero essentially making the cash value of an
           | account a meaningless number in a computer.
           | 
           | Given this risk, the bank should be the sole party
           | responsible for paying such insurance for it's depositors.
           | It's a cost of doing business, and importantly taking a risk
           | and fiduciary responsibility over a client. We demand doctors
           | insure themselves because they can destroy a patients life. A
           | bank should be the same. To have the depositor (or patient)
           | front the cash in any form should be made illegal. Hence my
           | demand to insure the funds are secured only through the bank
           | owners themselves. Ideally, the executive board carries
           | enough insurance to make all depositors whole in the event of
           | a bank collapse. This should be uncontroversial.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _banks paying it is only a technicality_
         | 
         | FDIC fees are levied on banks. There are a lot of banks, some
         | which compete on deposit rates. (The majors generally do not,
         | but you don't put your money in a Citibank account to grow.)
        
       | hd95489 wrote:
       | Why can't it be opt in. If you want the insurance you have to
       | sacrifice yield. Under 250 it's free but over that you have to
       | pay
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | lowkey wrote:
       | I think Caitlin Long said it best on Twitter:
       | 
       | "WORLD WAKING UP to the fact that a bank deposit is an unsecured
       | loan to a leveraged counterparty, that the FDIC insurance fund
       | only has $128bn, that total deposits in US commercial banks=$17.6
       | trn, &...here's the big one: that money itself is a confidence
       | game (always has been)"[0]
       | 
       | [0]
       | https://mobile.twitter.com/CaitlinLong_/status/1637466829219...
        
       | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
       | Not a banking expert by any means but what would happen if all
       | banks were forced to pay out failed bank depositors in a cap
       | weighted manner? Banks might then push for sensible regulation
       | themselves to keep risky banks from costing them money.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | It should be increased, but seems it is ignored for the rich
       | anyway, so what is the point :)
        
         | drdec wrote:
         | At least we could have our effective policy match the stated
         | policy? That would reduce volatility and uncertainty. If the
         | SVB depositors knew what was going to happen ahead of time
         | would there even have been a run at all?
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | If all deposits were be covered then I doubt there would have
           | been a run at all.
           | 
           | But, Banks pay for FDIC Insurance, the money has to come from
           | somewhere. Either the Tax Payers will pay via higher fees or
           | interest rates to the Banks or via higher Taxes to the Fed.
           | 
           | All this means is people with large deposits will be covered
           | directly by the Tax Payer, it is just a matter of who we pay.
        
       | boulos wrote:
       | I'd be curious to know how much of the "overage" is from
       | businesses that would be fine with narrow banking at the Fed.
       | 
       | The obvious downside is that you still need _regular_ banks and
       | financial institutions for loans, but for large operating
       | accounts for many companies you just want something you can spend
       | and won 't disappear. And presumably this is why the Fed doesn't
       | permit narrow banking: major deposits would dry up, loan rates
       | would have to be much higher, and so on.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _for large operating accounts for many companies you just
         | want something you can spend and won 't disappear_
         | 
         | Every corporate treasurer worth their salt manages a portfolio
         | of short-dated bills, commercial paper and repos for this
         | purpose. Maybe now this knowledge is obsolete. But it's always
         | been there, at small sizes, via Treasury Direct.
        
       | dopylitty wrote:
       | Fundamentally the money is protected by the stability and
       | reliability of the US government. Why have these private
       | intermediaries in the middle at all?
       | 
       | If you want to sock away some cash in a place where it won't
       | disappear due to financial system shenanigans you should be able
       | to give it directly to a US government entity like, say the USPS.
       | Ultimately money is only worth anything in the context of a
       | stable and reliable government anyway.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _you should be able to give it directly to a US government
         | entity_
         | 
         | https://www.treasurydirect.gov/
        
         | _spoonman wrote:
         | What you're getting at is known as the "risk free rate," or the
         | risk premium of leaving your money with another entity for a
         | period of time. US gov't treasuries carry a risk free rate;
         | you'd just buy treasuries.
        
       | kccqzy wrote:
       | I recently became aware of the Diamond-Dybvig model (which was so
       | influential that Diamond and Dybvig were awarded the 2022 Nobel
       | prize), that argued that deposit insurance is really the best way
       | to avoid bank runs. After reading that, a higher FDIC cap became
       | a no-brainer to me. I encourage everyone to check that out.
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-19 23:03 UTC)