[HN Gopher] Plane Lands/Takes Off in Only 20 Feet (2013)
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       Plane Lands/Takes Off in Only 20 Feet (2013)
        
       Author : bookofjoe
       Score  : 171 points
       Date   : 2023-03-19 16:57 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (kottke.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (kottke.org)
        
       | Evidlo wrote:
       | How is this significant? Can't you land/takeoff with 0 feet given
       | a strong enough headwind?
       | 
       | The article doesn't seem to mention wind at all.
        
       | Wistar wrote:
       | Although I can't remember exactly which beach--it may have been
       | Copalis or Ruby, both on the Washington coast--from which a
       | friend of mine and I took off and landed _behind_ the point where
       | we took off. A strong, and steady headwind off the Pacific Ocean
       | combined with his highly-STOL-modified and terrifically over-
       | powered Cessna 170 allowed us to take off nearly vertically,
       | drift backwards from the takeoff point and set down 30-40 feet
       | behind the takeoff point. This was in 1979 or early 1980.
       | 
       | The airplane, that the owner, Tom, called a "Cessna 170 BXP," had
       | a power-modified Continental TSIO-360 engine taken from the front
       | of a Cessna 337 Skymaster, big drooped wingtips, and STOL flaps
       | and ailerons modifications. The STOL mods included various
       | aerodynamic seals between the wing skin and control surfaces and,
       | most significantly, an aileron droop mechanism where the degree
       | of droop was linked to the degree of flaps deployed to vastly
       | increase the low-speed effectiveness of the ailerons.
       | 
       | It was on big tundra tires.
       | 
       | (Edits: various idiotic-grammar fixes)
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | A possibly apocryphal story was passed around my flight school
         | about someone who would to something similar at the airport -
         | wait for a steady high wind down the runway, slowly take off
         | and hang in front of the tower until they told him to clear the
         | pattern, and then fly backwards to the start of the runway and
         | touch down and taxi back to the hanger.
        
         | NoZebra120vClip wrote:
         | Cool, now do it on a conveyor belt!
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/xUjcHW7SHaI
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | larrydag wrote:
         | I believe the key is a strong headwind. I would like to see if
         | this could be accomplished without the headwind. I believe
         | short takeoff is possible but not quite that short.
        
           | Wistar wrote:
           | The _steady_ headwind was everything. The power and STOL mods
           | just made it somewhat safer to do, although, had that
           | headwind suddenly died, I am fairly sure we would have landed
           | very, very hard.
           | 
           | We were young and stupid.
        
             | NikolaNovak wrote:
             | Hmm
             | 
             | Once you're airborne you're part of the airmass and moving
             | with the airmass. Your ground speed becomes irrelevant for
             | purpose of lift, as you've amply demonstrated.
             | 
             | "Wind died" implies that wind speed relative to the ground
             | would change.
             | 
             | But whatever caused the massive airmass to alter velocity
             | would impact you as well, right?
             | 
             | So my intuitive assumption is that while sudden air motions
             | might disrupt you and flail you around, I'm not sure you
             | would actually stall and fall down from loss of lift
             | strictly because "Wind died down". (though you might be
             | slammed into ground).
             | 
             | Any thought from anybody with more flight hours and
             | aerodynamics theory than me? :->
        
             | wtallis wrote:
             | With the plane adjusted for hovering (or nearly so), a
             | sudden drop in wind speed would cause you to quickly lose
             | altitude, but you would also be accelerating forward
             | relative to the ground to get back up to the former
             | airspeed that the throttle is still set to produce. And the
             | pilot would have had plenty of headroom to increase power,
             | and that would have been an immediate response to an
             | unwanted rate of descent. So a landing would not have been
             | guaranteed, let alone a very hard one-but if you were too
             | close to the ground for the pilot to react in time I could
             | still see the landing being uncomfortable.
        
               | Wistar wrote:
               | We were about 20ft off the ground. Tom said he was trying
               | to stay in ground effect although I am not really sure
               | that was a factor.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Intuitively the effect should be the same regardless,
               | it's still the air being forced down by your wings
               | forming a cushion increasing lift. There's probably some
               | differences but the bulk of the effect should be the
               | same.
        
           | Out_of_Characte wrote:
           | Without headwind you cannot get negative groundspeed with any
           | conventional airplane design.
        
           | mlyle wrote:
           | Yes, of course airflow over the wings is required for a plane
           | to take off, and therefore it must move forward.
        
       | gist wrote:
       | https://zenithair.net/
       | 
       | (Some nice video on home page)
        
       | hecturchi wrote:
       | The linked article with details on design
       | (http://www.zenithair.com/stolch801/design/design.html) is very
       | interesting and I wish every company marketing a product would
       | write down their design choices like that.
       | 
       | Imagine engineers designing a car would have to write about the
       | design rationale of their touch interfaces...
        
         | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
         | >rationale of their touch interfaces...
         | 
         | Automotive EE here, I can explain that.
         | 
         | Its cost. Done.
         | 
         | There is design and engineering in buttons and micros that are
         | responsive, durable, perform how the user expects.
         | 
         | There is designer placement. Ergonomics and accessibility. This
         | button is perfect and looks great here, but for a 5-percentile
         | height Female it is outside the limits so, let's redesign a ton
         | of things to move it done here where it is stupid for everyone.
         | 
         | Digital buttons have almost zero cost and could be changed at
         | will. There is also no holding a vehicle on a lot for weeks
         | because the micro that switch bank X uses is unavailable.
         | 
         | For annoying reference, some of the new GM trucks have no fog
         | light buttons. You need to access that through the primary
         | screen. It's all cost.
         | 
         | It's basically an afterthought now. If they get enough
         | complaints they can change it, otherwise, it must be fine and
         | within expected grumpy user margins.
        
           | macintux wrote:
           | Chevy (and I guess Tesla before them) is removing headlight
           | switches entirely which is the topic of much justified angst.
           | Safety controls should never only be accessible from a touch
           | screen.
           | 
           | https://www.roadandtrack.com/news/a42953152/the-2023-chevy-c.
           | ..
        
       | cushychicken wrote:
       | Every time you think to yourself that the frontier is gone,
       | remember: Alaska exists.
       | 
       | The land of truly YOLO pilots. _Glacier Pilot: The Story of Bob
       | Reeve_ is a great book about one of the early ones in AK.
        
         | coding123 wrote:
         | Every time someone advertises Alaska like this, the frontier
         | disappears a little.
        
           | cushychicken wrote:
           | I grew up in Bozeman, Montana, so I've got my own sob story
           | of beloved disappearing hometown to contend with, thanks.
        
           | xwdv wrote:
           | Agreed. Alaska is pretty much fully mapped out, there's no
           | real secrets out there anymore.
        
             | mLuby wrote:
             | The deep ocean is the last unmapped frontier on Earth.
        
           | mediaman wrote:
           | Alaska's population is lower than it was 7 years ago. More
           | people have moved away than moved in every year for the past
           | 10 years.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | Don't really matter. As the population increases and is
           | increasingly urban, those values and restrictions are imposed
           | on frontier as well.
        
             | blantonl wrote:
             | There are probably more unlicensed pilots in Alaska than
             | there are licensed. "Restrictions" on the frontier out in
             | Alaska are a LONG way away...
        
               | giantg2 wrote:
               | Being truly free to do something is different than just
               | not getting caught.
        
       | Mizoguchi wrote:
       | Check out the Experimental Aircraft Association. If you have one
       | in your city and you like planes definitely pay them a visit.
       | It's a niche group of guys making their own planes and flying
       | them and they are usually pretty excited about visitors. I went a
       | few times and got on a couple of rides. They even offer free
       | clases for those wanting to learn how to fly. Some of the crazy
       | things I learned is that you can build your own plane for under
       | $10K and if it is under certain weight, I believe 400 lbs, you
       | can flight without a permit. Some planes feature a nice kit of
       | avionics but some are completely manual, not even a radio. The
       | stall speed of the ones I flew I believe is 45 mph and max speed
       | about 80 mph but some little jets can go 200-300 mph.
        
         | 0_____0 wrote:
         | With the weight limit you're referring to the part 103 rules
         | addressing ultralight aircraft.
         | 
         | 14 CFR 103.1(e)(1)
         | 
         | [If powered:]
         | 
         | Weighs less than 254 pounds empty weight, excluding floats and
         | safety devices which are intended for deployment in a
         | potentially catastrophic situation;
        
           | Mizoguchi wrote:
           | Thanks for the clarification/correction.
           | 
           | It seems crazy to me some rules are so relaxed.
           | 
           | I remember asking if there were any limits on where they
           | could flight their experimental planes, say urban/densely
           | populated areas, the answer was "nah".
        
       | shostack wrote:
       | Got to fly in an A-22 Foxbat in AZ. You rotate immediately on
       | applying power. In Sedona with a decent headwind we were off the
       | ground at 22kts. Took us a bit more than 22ft but not much,
       | that's for sure.
       | 
       | Tiny little go kart of a plane with a lawnmower engine (rotax)
       | engine attached.
        
       | xplanephil wrote:
       | you can literally land a carbon cub on a helipad on top of a
       | hotel: https://www.flyingmag.com/carbon-cub-pilot-takes-stol-to-
       | the...
        
       | nl wrote:
       | There's a video of one of these planes landing and taking off
       | again on the Burj Khalifa helipad. It's a pretty impressive piece
       | of flying.
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/B-brmk1ua1g
        
       | tiffanyh wrote:
       | (2013) article.
       | 
       | An article from Kottke.org on this exact topic was posted last
       | week.
       | 
       | https://kottke.org/23/03/landing-an-airplane-on-a-tiny-helip...
        
         | gaudat wrote:
         | `(via digg)`
         | 
         | Wait does digg still exist? I hope it is better than reddit
         | now.
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | I remember when Digg took over from Slashdot. I was skeptical
           | at first but eventually I gave in. Now people wonder if Digg
           | exists.
        
       | mihaaly wrote:
       | Probably there is a strong headwind?
        
       | Animats wrote:
       | That's neat.
       | 
       | In the biplane era, there were some very short takeoff aircraft.
       | The tiny Sperry Messenger [1] was a good example. In the 1920s,
       | Sperry once landed one of those in front of the U.S. Capitol.
       | (This was not considered a security incident at the time.)
       | 
       | That's a well-executed 1920s vision of a flying car.
       | 
       | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Verville-Sperry_M-1_Messenger
        
       | ruddct wrote:
       | Topical, someone just landed a Carbon Cub plane on a ~90ft
       | helipad for a stunt with Red Bull a few days ago. The video[0] is
       | insane, I've flown in STOL aircraft before but had no idea some
       | were capable of landings like this.
       | 
       | [0] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kfKL7XEnxr4
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | I saw this too. When I saw the title, I assumed it would be a
         | link to this stunt.
        
       | car wrote:
       | A former airline pilot has developed the Explorer, a modern high-
       | end STOL with a Pratt & Whitney turbine as its power plant,
       | capable of carrying almost 1.5 tons.
       | 
       | https://www.nf-aircraft.com/
       | 
       | I believe their Facebook page has some videos from a recent
       | Iceland journey, hopping between backcountry runways.
       | 
       | https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100063480673163
        
       | Cherian wrote:
       | Everything to do with headwinds. If you think only aircrafts can
       | do this, watch this hang glider land:
       | https://www.youtube.com/shorts/uQimddEKrFw Fort Funston,
       | California.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | punnerud wrote:
       | What is the trick, big wheels that don't hold the air?
       | 
       | Looks like that is what's slowing the plane when landing, and let
       | it start without a runway
        
         | gridspy wrote:
         | The trick is that the plane flies while still going absurdly
         | slow. 37 kt vs >120 kt for similar planes.
         | 
         | So less momentum on landing to dispose of, or to generate while
         | taking off.
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | Didn't the 1903 Wright Flyer do that?
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The Dec 17 flights noted as successful were 120, 175, 200, and
         | 852 feet in 1903 I don't see any other attempts noted. Some of
         | their earlier flights were probably shorter but didn't really
         | get off the ground successfully enough to really be called
         | flights or even really get noted most places. The rest from
         | 1903 seem to have been gliding attempts that wouldn't fit the
         | records here.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | I don't think that's a fair way to describe the landing/takeoff
       | distance. It would be more fair if they put two steep walls at
       | the beginning and ending of the runway.
       | 
       | Although, for things like an aircraft carrier ship, the metric
       | could be useful.
        
         | mft_ wrote:
         | How high would you make the arbitrary walls?
        
           | xplanephil wrote:
           | that's actually how take-off distance is defined regulatory.
           | The take-off distance of a plane is over a 50ft obstacle
           | (i.e. a line of trees at the end of the runway or similar).
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | So high that the pilot can prove that they did not use more
           | distance for the landing/takeoff.
        
             | mft_ wrote:
             | So you're defining take-off and landing such that each must
             | also include a period of flying?
        
       | digdugdirk wrote:
       | There is a very cool race series that revolves around racing STOL
       | aircraft like these. The planes start at a standstill, need take
       | off, fly in a straight line, land, turn around and take off again
       | back to the starting line. All within the length of a traditional
       | 1/4 mile dragstrip.
       | 
       | It's weirdly exciting. And it's highly entertaining to see a
       | crowd at an airshow going absolutely wild for a couple of piper
       | cubs while big military planes do flybys in the background.
        
       | crench wrote:
       | I was lucky enough to be resupplied by a Super Cub air taxi
       | service multiple times while on a long mountaineering trip in
       | Alaska many years ago. It was incredible to see all the random
       | places that the pilot could land, including a gravel bar similar
       | to the video in the article.
        
       | efitz wrote:
       | 9 feet 5 inches: https://youtu.be/hPakbghLe38
       | 
       | On a separate note, while I was in a flying lesson once, my
       | instructor flew the plane backwards. The plane, a Cessna 172, was
       | moving backwards (the ground was moving forward underneath us).
       | 
       | Same principle as the STOL contests in Alaska- steong headwinds.
       | 
       | In our case the headwind was greater than our stall speed, so the
       | airspeed was greater than our stall speed and the wings generated
       | enough lift to keep us in the air; we idled the throttle so our
       | airspeed would not exceed the wind speed.
       | 
       | If headwind is greater than your takeoff speed then there's no
       | reason you can't take off and land in very short distances.
        
       | blantonl wrote:
       | A lot of this is not a big surprise for those that are pilots.
       | Aircraft design is has come a long way since the 40's.
       | 
       | It's very easy to get a plane off the around quickly that weighs
       | less than 1300 pounds and has a 100 horsepower engine.
       | 
       | And for those that think getting your pilots license is
       | insurmountable because of cost or medical issues, you can get a
       | sport pilots license in as little as 20 hours of training with a
       | drivers license as your medical to fly these aircraft.
       | Limitations are one passenger, total weight of 1340 pounds,
       | daytime good weather only, but you can still fly pretty much
       | anywhere in the United States and Bahamas and to almost any
       | airport, including Class B airspace and airports (read: largest
       | airports in the country)
       | 
       | I'm pretty sure that I can get the light sport aircraft that I
       | fly (Vashon Ranger) off the ground in a few hundred feet with
       | full fuel (23 gallons) and a 170lb passenger on board and a
       | decent headwind.
        
         | smdyc1 wrote:
         | The Royal Australian Air Force was flying the DHC4 Caribou aa a
         | light airlifter until the early 2000's. It was an amazing piece
         | of engineering and was first flown in the late 50s. You could
         | literally fly backwards in a headeind and land on a dime. It
         | was really useful for tiny dirt strips in places like Papua New
         | Guinea. Unfortunately, there's not much out there that can
         | match it's capability for what it was.
        
         | johnmaguire wrote:
         | "A few hundred feet" and "20 feet" is a huge difference!
        
           | blantonl wrote:
           | Of course.
           | 
           | But when you do it on an 11,000 foot runway with full fuel
           | and a passenger it's almost comical to fly almost _two miles_
           | down the runway centerline. :)
        
         | Zak wrote:
         | The Super Cub is a design from the 40s (1949) that weighs less
         | than 1300 pounds (930 empty) and has more than 100 horsepower
         | (105 at introduction, 150 by 1954).
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub
        
         | chinchilla2020 wrote:
         | "Aircraft design is has come a long way since the 40's."
         | 
         | You could do this in 1940s aircraft as well. Biplanes can also
         | do short-field takeoffs with impressively short distances.
        
       | jabl wrote:
       | See also an interesting video series of a crazy guy that put a
       | turbine engine on a small STOL plane:
       | https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL9OFkVHYEhoEfWmN0lQRZ...
        
         | dude187 wrote:
         | Took longer than I thought to see Mike Patey and his Draco
         | plane (RIP) mentioned
        
       | cleanchit wrote:
       | There would have to be some really strong wind in the opposite
       | direction, so relative to the ground the plane speed is 10 knots,
       | but it's airspeed is >100 knots. Demonstration:
       | https://v.redd.it/8ejvh30f9d081
       | 
       | The second and third videos are shot head on so you can't really
       | tell the speed
        
         | wtallis wrote:
         | This video was obviously shot in very windy conditions, but
         | 100kt airspeed is wildly wrong. We're talking about a class of
         | planes where 100kt is a typical _cruising_ speed, with maximum
         | speeds not much higher. With stall speeds like 37kt or less
         | (before accounting for ground effect), landing with a ground
         | speed of 10kt doesn 't require a hurricane-force headwind. See
         | eg.
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piper_PA-18_Super_Cub#Specific...
         | and
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CubCrafters_CC11-160_Carbon_Cu...
        
           | engineer_22 wrote:
           | Yeah I think the super stols might be down to like 25 knots
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-19 23:00 UTC)