[HN Gopher] Nuclear power plant leaked 1.5M litres of radioactiv...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Nuclear power plant leaked 1.5M litres of radioactive water in
       Minnesota
        
       Author : grecy
       Score  : 85 points
       Date   : 2023-03-18 15:34 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (globalnews.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (globalnews.ca)
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | It is like the Nuclear Industry is doing all it can do destroy
       | their own industry. Recently it seemed people were looking
       | seriously at Nuclear Power for Climate Change.
       | 
       | With this and the article below, I think it will be next to
       | impossible for anyone to build a new Nuclear Power Plant. That is
       | sad since I think Nuclear could have been a good short/medium
       | term bridge to renewals.
       | 
       | https://gothamist.com/news/dumping-radioactive-water-hudson-...
        
         | erentz wrote:
         | It's tritium. It sounds like it's at concentrations that are
         | below the safety thresholds. You have tritium in your tap
         | water.
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | > _It sounds like it's at concentrations that are below the
           | safety thresholds_
           | 
           | And even if it's not, regulatory bodies in cahoots with the
           | industry can always raise the safety thresholds! Worked
           | wonders in the past!
        
           | u320 wrote:
           | It's worth adding too that the US for some reason has
           | insanely low thresholds. Orders of magnitude lower than most
           | other developed countries.
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | If you think this leak, at these concentrations was
         | unacceptable, we are going to need to shut down every chemical
         | and industrial process in the world, starting today, and
         | regress to a stone-age sort of level of technology.
         | 
         | Things leak all the time in industrial work. This one was not
         | particularly damaging, but because it's nuclear, it's under a
         | million times more microscopic scrutiny than any equivalent
         | leak from a chemical plant.
        
           | jmclnx wrote:
           | Ever hear of NIMBY ? Here is a link:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NIMBY
           | 
           | It does not matter if it is harmless, people reading these
           | articles will freak out should a proposal be submitted for a
           | new Plant.
           | 
           | So yes, these articles will put the last nail in the coffin
           | of the nuclear industry in the US. All they need to do is
           | reach the mainstream press.
        
             | u320 wrote:
             | So your attitude to misinformation is that we should just
             | give up, and act as if it's true? Should we stop doing
             | vaccinations too, just because some people believe they
             | contain 5G chips?
        
         | physPop wrote:
         | This is alarmist and anti-science and moderators should remove
         | this post.
        
         | acidburnNSA wrote:
         | Nuclear fission still has a long-term role to play in that it
         | has a tiny land/material/resource footprint. With breeder
         | reactors, we can power all of humanity for 4 billion years
         | using the existing uranium and thorium resources. Pretty long
         | term IMHO. Not just a bridge, but an asymptotic state.
        
       | Julesman wrote:
       | Nuclear power is advocated principally by the current energy
       | industry regime because it maintains their existing distribution
       | model. A model that is disrupted by wind and solar power
       | generated locally or even individually.
       | 
       | I know some people honestly believe that it's a good option. But
       | for every one of them there are three industry lobbyists and
       | social media bots who are working directly for the industry
       | making drastically short sighted arguments.
       | 
       | Don't tell me it's safe when other options will never ever make
       | whole parts of the world a toxic wasteland for the rest of human
       | history.
        
         | Georgelemental wrote:
         | > Nuclear power is advocated principally by the current energy
         | industry regime because it maintains their existing
         | distribution model.
         | 
         | In what world? Yes, nuclear could cleanly replace existing
         | fossil fuel plants, which is exactly why the fossil fuel
         | industry tries to _stop_ it! In contrast, intermittent solar
         | and wind aren 't viable full replacements to fossil fuel
         | electricity, so Exxon-Mobil and co are comfortable investing in
         | it.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | acidburnNSA wrote:
         | I'm a nuclear power advocate. I am on social media making
         | arguments in support of massive expansions of nuclear power to
         | reduce air pollution and fight climate change. I have a Ph.D.
         | in nuclear engineering and a professional engineering license
         | in my state. I chose nuclear engineering at age 19 because I
         | wanted to fight climate change, not because I wanted to become
         | an industry lobbyist. There are hundreds of nuclear advocates
         | just like me.
         | 
         | While nuclear power is commonly perceived as unduly dangerous,
         | if you're interested in the numbers of it all in context, I
         | highly recommend this page:
         | 
         | https://ourworldindata.org/safest-sources-of-energy
         | 
         | The whole wasteland argument falls apart quickly when you take
         | a look at e.g. a worst case scenario like Chernobyl and compare
         | it to the fact that fossil and biofuel cause 7 million
         | premature deaths per year from particulate emissions (according
         | to the WHO) and cause global climate change.
         | 
         | https://thoughtscapism.com/2019/05/08/what-about-radioactive...
        
           | coldtea wrote:
           | Upton Sinclair -- 'It is difficult to get a man to understand
           | something, when his salary depends on his not understanding
           | it.'
        
             | acidburnNSA wrote:
             | Counterargument: I am readily employable in other related
             | industries and could likely get a significant raise
             | switching. Every time I make an offer to a software
             | engineer who asks for >$50k more than our peak salary, I'm
             | reminded of this fact.
             | 
             | Again, I chose nuclear specifically to fight climate
             | change, not to make the most money.
        
             | abecedarius wrote:
             | This phenomenon cuts both ways. Ralph Nader in the 70s kept
             | telling falsehoods about the health hazards of nuclear
             | power, seemed immune to correction, and had a platform with
             | the press uncritically propagating his claims. (Documented
             | in Petr Beckmann's book at that time.) In retrospect this
             | seems like a hinge point in history leading to our current
             | energy problems.
             | 
             | Someone's incentive towards some point of view is not
             | evidence either way about an object-level claim. It's only
             | useful for questions like attention allocation, or like how
             | someone could be so wrong _after_ you 've established
             | they're probably wrong.
        
           | locallost wrote:
           | I chose to be a software developer because I was interested
           | in creating things, but now I am just a cog in a machine
           | trying to generate income. I don't doubt your motives, but
           | what is the situation we are currently in?
           | 
           | Nuclear has failed to make a dent in emissions for 60 years
           | now. Whatever the reason might be, rationally it's time to at
           | least ask "can it ever make an impact"? But this question is
           | almost never asked. I honestly believe there is a symbiotic
           | relationship between nuclear and fossil fuel industry.
           | Nuclear cannot survive without the threat of fossil fuels,
           | but it cannot or at least has not for decades prevented
           | fossil fuels dominating electricity production worldwide. So
           | it's a guarantee for keeping the status quo. It's time for
           | something else. Not merely another technology, but another
           | way of thinking.
        
           | 323 wrote:
           | How many of the safety assessments take into account the fact
           | that the nuclear waste is almost never buried away and in a
           | dispersed matter and instead it's kept near the nuclear power
           | plant in dry/wet pools because of NIMBY?
           | 
           | This has the effect turning the nuclear power plant into a
           | giant dirty bomb. Almost all the problems at Fukushima were
           | caused exactly by these used fuel pools, and not by the
           | nuclear material in the plant itself.
           | 
           | And then you have Ukraine where dry storage is shelled with
           | artillery.
        
           | Kon5ole wrote:
           | >a worst case scenario like Chernobyl
           | 
           | Chernobyl was not a worst-case scenario, it is just the worst
           | scenario that has happened so far. If it hadn't been handled
           | by humans sacrificing their lives to stop the chain of
           | events, it could have been much, much worse. Had the fire
           | continued it could indeed have been a "wasteland" scenario.
           | 
           | The site you recommend makes claims about safety that are
           | logically broken. Things are not safe based on what has
           | happened so far, they are safe or unsafe based on what could
           | happen in the future. Surely you realize this.
           | 
           | The claim this site makes is equivalent to saying that a gun
           | is safe if it hasn't been used yet. I frankly find it to be a
           | very dishonest argument, it seems designed to mislead rather
           | than enlighten.
        
             | acidburnNSA wrote:
             | The fact that it was:
             | 
             | a) an unstable reactor
             | 
             | b) without a containment structure
             | 
             | c) that was put through a dangerous experiment overriding
             | safety systems
             | 
             | means to me that it's very likely to be the worst
             | commercial nuclear power scenario we'll see.
             | 
             | Compare with Fukushima where a whole area was inundated by
             | a tsunami and a triple meltdown, leading to very few, if
             | any, people receiving more than the minimum dose known to
             | cause measurable harm.
             | 
             | And again keep in mind that we're comparing against fossil
             | and biofuel, which power over 80% of the planet and cause 7
             | million premature deaths from particulate emissions every
             | single year just operating normally.
             | 
             | I guess the term 'worst case scenario' isn't really useful
             | since there's always someone who can come up with something
             | else, regardless of how unlikely it is. Fair point on that.
        
         | physPop wrote:
         | The problem with your argument is that renewables aren't
         | readily deployable in all situations and we still haven't
         | solved grid level storgae to even out baseload generation.
         | Instead, the uneducated, anti nuclear sentiment that you and
         | your kind spread activley leads to MORE polution, climate
         | damage and (most ironically) release of radioactive and
         | carcinogenic by-products as governemtns instead need to turn to
         | natural gas and coal generation, both of which have
         | significanlty worse polluting and safety profiles than nuclear.
         | 
         | People don't understand how tightly nuclear is regulated. If we
         | had anywhere near these same regulations in other industries
         | we'd never have a SVB or Lehman failure. We wouldn't have
         | airplanes crash from lack of maintinence. We wouldn't have oil
         | spils from rigs detaching or drilling too agressively.
        
         | parineum wrote:
         | As if giant solar and wind farms don't work on the exact same
         | model...
         | 
         | That happens for a really good reason, it's cheaper.
         | 
         | It's less durable than a distributed system but distributed
         | systems don't get the benefit of scale. People choose to not
         | have solar panels on their houses and windmills in their back
         | yards because the power from the power company is often cheaper
         | and comes with out initial investment or personal intervention.
         | All thought is taken out of the process and customers like
         | that. Dollars converted to energy with the least amount of
         | intermediary steps is preferred.
        
           | enslavedrobot wrote:
           | Regulation is the reason that it's not cheaper. In Australia
           | solar on your roof is 40 cents a watt installed because they
           | deregulated the industry.
           | 
           | In reality grid maintenance and transmission costs are 80 to
           | 90% of your electricity bill. Our existing electricity system
           | is a lot like the old world of mainframe computing, rooftop
           | solar and storage is like the introduction of the PC. We all
           | know how that worked out.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | RobLach wrote:
       | Whatever. The system is working well.
       | 
       | The amounts of tritium measured in a test well to initiate repair
       | of leaky pipes and cleanup is well below any potential risk.
       | 
       | Every issue was responsibly reported to regulators and acted
       | upon.
        
         | tucosan wrote:
         | Right. Nuclear power is absolutely safe. Nothing to see here.
         | Move on.
        
           | daveguy wrote:
           | You must have misunderstood what you were replying to. The GP
           | said that there are test wells around the facility for
           | detecting leaks and they detect at levels much lower than is
           | dangerous.
           | 
           | The post wasn't implying that nuclear power is absolutely
           | safe. Simply that safety measures in place worked in this
           | case and the incident was handled correctly with respect to
           | response and reporting.
        
             | cyanydeez wrote:
             | I can tell you that many monitoring wells are rarely tested
             | before they're "operational".
             | 
             | Typically they're just installed according to a site model
             | and assumed to function like that.
             | 
             | Happened to koch along the Mississippi where they assured
             | regulators for a decade that you'd never see their
             | contamination. Eventually someone was sampling along the
             | Mississippi and there it was.
        
         | mrtweetyhack wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | acidburnNSA wrote:
       | With these kinds of headlines you always have to figure out how
       | many actual radioisotope solutes are in the water solvent.
       | Otherwise, dilution seems to make it worse. 1 liter of
       | radioactive water diluted into 50 billion liters of water becomes
       | 50 billion liters of radioactive water to the headline writers.
       | 
       | > The EPA safe drinking water concentration for tritium is 20,000
       | picocuries/liter. It is not expected or likely that this
       | concentration would be exceeded as a result of this event.
       | 
       | https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/air/t...
       | 
       | I think radiation just freaks people out in general, so these
       | headlines are super effective at getting engagement.
        
         | grecy wrote:
         | I assume you'd be happy to live just downstream of that and be
         | drinking it daily?
         | 
         | The leak happened in November and it's just being made public
         | now, so you would have been drinking it for all those months
         | completely unaware. Who's to say the level couldn't be 10x or
         | 10000x and they still won't say anything for months ?
        
           | pornel wrote:
           | Level of dilution is crucial here. It may be less radioactive
           | than a banana.
        
             | coldtea wrote:
             | Yeah, nothing to worry about, it's all safe, trust us!
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | You have the same "trust is" situation about safety of
               | fracking, mining, chemical industry, water treatment
               | plants, lead leaks from pipes, baby formula, plastic
               | bottles, and air quality downwind from fossil power
               | plants.
               | 
               | Radioactivity level is actually one thing you can easily
               | measure yourself without having to trust the big bad
               | government.
               | 
               | BTW: did you know coal power plants release uranium into
               | the air? Coal is "clean" only in election ads. The real
               | one is too expensive to filter, and burned in such
               | massive volumes that even tiny impurities are
               | significant.
        
               | coldtea wrote:
               | > _did you know coal power plants release uranium into
               | the air?_
               | 
               | Yes. A small amount, and not in concentrated form the way
               | nuclear output or nuclear power plant waste is...
               | 
               | I also don't have concerns with bananas
        
               | pornel wrote:
               | > and not in concentrated form the way nuclear output or
               | nuclear power plant waste is
               | 
               | So we're back to square one: it's not actually
               | concentrated. The report says "the levels of tritium in
               | the water are below federal thresholds".
               | 
               | These aren't barrels of green goo like in the Simpsons.
        
           | acidburnNSA wrote:
           | I do happen to have radiation detection equipment and can
           | always check my water to see if it's even remotely above
           | background. I know that with doses below 100 mSv (nearly 20x
           | avg natural background for a year), there is no measurable
           | risk of long-term cancer increase (not to mention acute
           | radiation sickness, obviously) [1]. I'd happily drink water
           | with trace contamination well below known hazardous levels.
           | In fact, we all do this every day.
           | 
           | In this case, increases of trace contamination have not been
           | found or expected in any drinking water supply from this
           | event.
           | 
           | Dept of Health says [2]:
           | 
           | > Currently, there is no health risk due to this situation.
           | Monitoring wells are being sampled frequently to track the
           | migration of the plume while the plant works to recover the
           | tritiated water. Should the monitoring well results indicate
           | protective action is necessary, it will be taken at that
           | time.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.energy.gov/sites/prod/files/2018/01/f46/doe-
           | ioni...
           | 
           | [2] https://www.health.state.mn.us/communities/environment/ai
           | r/t...
        
             | enslavedrobot wrote:
             | Background radiation is very different from drinking alpha
             | or beta emitters.
             | 
             | Don't drink those if you can help it.
        
               | acidburnNSA wrote:
               | Radon is the primary component of natural background
               | radiation. It's an alpha emitter.
               | 
               | https://www.epa.gov/radiation/radiation-sources-and-doses
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radon
        
               | flangola7 wrote:
               | And radon kills thousands of people a year through lung
               | cancer. Alpha particles are bad inside you
        
           | grecy wrote:
           | EDIT COMMENT ABOVE: As per Dang's advice, I would take out
           | the first line above if I could, but I can't edit that
           | comment anymore.
           | 
           | Consider it gone.
        
           | karlshea wrote:
           | It didn't reach the Mississippi or into drinking water
           | sources, so no one is drinking it at all.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | According to whom? The regulators who hid this from the
             | public for four months?
        
               | karlshea wrote:
               | Given some of the ridiculous takes here if I were them I
               | would also have waited four months for a resolution and
               | not mentioned it unless it was an emergency.
               | 
               | And as someone who lives just downstream from this plant
               | and would have been directly impacted from drinking the
               | water: yes, I will continue to be trusting the Minnesota
               | Department of Health over reactionary HN commentary.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | How long did you trust the Minnesota Department of Health
               | when it came to the PFAS discharges from the 3M plants?
               | Decades? Do you still trust them?
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Please edit out swipes, as the site guidelines ask. Your
           | comment would be fine without that first bit.
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | More than that the problem is that authorities knew about this
         | in November but the news is only reporting four months later.
         | Why?
        
           | dariusj18 wrote:
           | Because it wasn't a big deal but someone out there wants to
           | take attention away from something else.
           | 
           | My guess
        
         | yunohn wrote:
         | Well, this confusion could be solved by disclosing exact
         | details on the leakage, but despite my research I can't seem to
         | find any other number than 1.5M liters. I don't see any
         | evidence that the reporters made up the number.
         | 
         | Instead, the company and government agencies just reiterate
         | that "it's safe".
        
           | bandyaboot wrote:
           | I could be wrong as it was a couple days ago that I read this
           | and I didn't go through and parse out the differences between
           | the two, but I think this local article may have a bit more
           | detail:
           | 
           | https://archive.is/p0hTx
           | 
           | According to that, the concentration of radiation in the
           | water directly under the plant is at least 50x above EPA
           | limits. But that is where virtually no dilution will have
           | occurred. If plant officials and state regulators are to be
           | believed, the other monitoring locations around the site
           | don't yet show anything to get super worried about.
           | 
           | Edit: Just to note, I live in the general area, but not
           | particularly close to this specific location. Lucky for me I
           | live in the area with water contaminated by 3M PFCs rather
           | than Xcel Energy radiation. /s
        
           | cinntaile wrote:
           | Yes it's kind of weird that they leave out this information
           | because this negatively impacts the trust you have in the
           | decision.
        
         | fsh wrote:
         | There is remarkably little information in this press release.
         | The volume of leaked water is meaningless without specifying
         | the tritium concentration. Even if they have nothing to hide,
         | they certainly make it look like they do.
        
         | hedora wrote:
         | It would be nice if they reported radiation leaks like this in
         | terms of equivalent hours of coal plant emission.
        
           | pvaldes wrote:
           | Or in term of electrons wasted talking about coal when the
           | problem is nuclear plants leaking like newborn babies (again)
        
           | fsh wrote:
           | You would probably have to measure it in years or decades of
           | equivalent coal plant emissions.
           | 
           | According to a 1978 paper [1], a 1 GW coal power plant
           | releases something like 50 GBq per year. The Minnesota
           | Department of Health did not release the activity of the
           | water that was leaked from the nuclear plant. However,
           | according to one article, "In water directly below the plant,
           | the picocurie-per-liter count was in the millions." [2]. 1.5
           | Ml of water at 1 million pCi/l would correspond to 1.5 Ci or
           | 56 GBq of total activity. This is a very conservative
           | estimate, since the water below the plant is probably already
           | significantly diluted by ground water.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.science.org/doi/10.1126/science.202.4372.1045
           | 
           | [2] https://phys.org/news/2023-03-xcel-radioactive-
           | minnesota.htm...
        
         | gus_massa wrote:
         | From https://phys.org/news/2023-03-xcel-radioactive-
         | minnesota.htm...
         | 
         | > _" We are well above the 20,000 picocuries per liter EPA
         | standard," Clark said. In water directly below the plant, the
         | picocurie-per-liter count was in the millions._
         | 
         | I'm not sure if the millions of picocuries per liter are
         | measured in the leak site or after it's diluted.
         | 
         | Anyway, I made an approximate calculation
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35205070 and with tritium
         | 10 millions of picocuries per liter is 9uSv/L. So if I made no
         | mistake and you drink 1 liter of it, it's like 2 dental x-ray
         | or 1/4 of a flight from NY to LA. https://xkcd.com/radiation/
        
       | xchip wrote:
       | Most probably it could be:
       | 
       | 1- it is not water, it is deuterium (AKA `heavy water`, the
       | hydrogen atom has an extra neutron, this way it is heavier and it
       | can carry more heat) (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deuterium)
       | 
       | 2- the water used to cover the still radioactive uranium that has
       | been used as fuel
       | 
       | So... thoughts and prayers :/
        
         | accrual wrote:
         | The article indicates it is tritium, hydrogen-3.
         | 
         | Though if it was heavy water, "Poisoning would require that the
         | victim ingest large amounts of heavy water without significant
         | normal water intake for many days to produce any noticeable
         | toxic effects." [0]
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heavy_water#Effect_on_biologic...
        
         | pjscott wrote:
         | It's not heavy water. It's very slightly tritiated water, and
         | the tritium concentration is low enough that you could drink it
         | without worry.
        
           | xchip wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
       | ethagknight wrote:
       | I was curious, so I looked it up.. 1.5M litres is roughly a half-
       | sized Olympic swimming pool, more or less.
        
       | u320 wrote:
       | Light water plants doesn't even produce much tritium to begin
       | with, so it's hard to imagine this would pose any danger.
        
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