[HN Gopher] SETI@home is in hibernation
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       SETI@home is in hibernation
        
       Author : anotherhue
       Score  : 466 points
       Date   : 2023-03-18 00:49 UTC (22 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (setiathome.berkeley.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (setiathome.berkeley.edu)
        
       | macawfish wrote:
       | This can only be because they found the aliens.
        
       | habibur wrote:
       | We need something like seti@home for large language model
       | calculation. As OpenAI is completely closed now.
        
         | stevenjgarner wrote:
         | A couple of links -
         | 
         | Refs:
         | 
         | [1] Awesome Distributed System Projects,
         | https://github.com/roma-glushko/awesome-distributed-system-p...
         | 
         | [2] Distributed Computing with Open-Source Software
         | http://stanford.edu/~rezab/slides/infosys_reza.pdf
        
       | ilikepi wrote:
       | On the other hand, the effort to brute force a 72-bit RC5 key
       | continues...
       | 
       | https://stats.distributed.net/projects.php?project_id=8
       | 
       | https://www.distributed.net/RC5
        
         | snvzz wrote:
         | But no sight of OGR-29.
        
         | Aeolun wrote:
         | This is a waste of computing resources I can get behind :)
        
       | keyle wrote:
       | I too had this installed on my computer for months on end in the
       | old days!
       | 
       | I imagine today, with the advancement of "AI", there would be a
       | much better solution to the problem...
       | 
       | RIP SETI at home, you felt like the future.
        
         | tantalor wrote:
         | "AI Joins Hunt for ET: Study Finds 8 Potential Alien Signals"
         | (36 days ago)
         | 
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34729360
        
       | neoneye2 wrote:
       | If you have compute available, there are several science project
       | to contribute to. https://boinc.berkeley.edu/projects.php
       | 
       | Self-promotion: In particular LODA has my interest. It's a math
       | AI, that uses OEIS as training data. https://boinc.loda-
       | lang.org/loda/
       | 
       | Disclaimer: I'm not the primary developer, but I made some
       | contributions to LODA, such as the web editor for LODA programs:
       | https://github.com/loda-lang/loda-rust
        
       | sacnoradhq wrote:
       | If SETI/BOINC wants to rearchitect as an IPFS or I2P app that can
       | also run on k8s CUDA clusters, I know some large HPC shops that
       | may be interested in partnering.
        
       | jasongill wrote:
       | Wow, this is sad. I remember when this project was released in
       | 1999 - we installed it on all the workstations in our office in
       | an effort to be the first to find ET. Loved bragging about the
       | cool graph, saying it could be an alien signal. Sad to see the
       | project come to an end, even if it was the distant precursor to
       | things like BitTorrent and Bitcoin
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | I too tried to use all of our workstations to run this trying
         | to break into the top charts. Oh how young and naive I was
         | thinking the 8-10 computers I had were effective enough for
         | that.
        
         | tablespoon wrote:
         | This is even sadder:
         | https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85870&po...
        
           | IshKebab wrote:
           | Not everything that's old is worth saving.
        
           | tokai wrote:
           | >those tapes will probably also be discarded as well.
           | 
           | Maybe the Berkeley Library would take them.
        
             | raziel2701 wrote:
             | The UC Berkeley library is getting its funding cut. The
             | physics library and some other have been closed.
        
               | tokai wrote:
               | it doesn't cost much to put some shelf meters of tapes in
               | the closed stacks.
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | We did that as well on a bunch of spare Sun SPARC servers that
         | were considered powerful back in their day. A part of me always
         | wondered if I had been tricked into cracking encryption for the
         | assorted agencies and that this had nothing to do with
         | monitoring the quietest frequency in the galaxy.
        
           | peterleiser wrote:
           | Lol! I worked for SETI@home as an undergrad. If something
           | nefarious was going on then my coworkers were extremely good
           | actors, right down to faking an entire codebase and a
           | database filled with processed work units. Hey, I'd probably
           | be suspicious of SETI too if I hadn't worked for SETI.
           | Cheers!
        
             | LinuxBender wrote:
             | I believe you. I think the missing pieces that triggered
             | those little voices in my head were the lack of the project
             | being open source code at the time and the inability to
             | listen to the signals. I spent my childhood talking on the
             | radio so it just felt like something I should have been
             | able to do.
        
               | peterleiser wrote:
               | The open source aspect is a good point. I'm guessing the
               | team thought making the source open would increase the
               | risk of cheating; misguided I know, but cheaters were a
               | pain in the neck at first.
               | 
               | Many of the folks there were into music (in bands, wrote
               | music related software, etc), so I'm guessing the signals
               | were boring to listen to.
        
             | iLoveOncall wrote:
             | That's exactly what an NSA agent would say!
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | tus666 wrote:
       | Wow that takes me back. Waaay back.
        
       | latchkey wrote:
       | This makes me sad because it reminds me of something similar I
       | just went through.
       | 
       | For the last few years, I've been running >120k gpus to mine ETH.
       | Before we turned them off after ETH switched to PoS, I tried
       | really hard to find an alternative workload for them.
       | 
       | A large number of the GPUs were based on the PS5 chip, which is
       | an APU (CPU+GPU) and ran as blade computers. It is actually a
       | pretty power efficient chip, but the blades themselves are little
       | use for anything that requires a lot of networking or data (they
       | are diskless and ipxe boot a custom ubuntu).
       | 
       | I found a professor who's been doing research on various
       | planetary data crunching efforts and we got his software (I think
       | based on BOINC) running on these blades.
       | 
       | His software is analyzing data from telescopes to look for binary
       | quasars. We crunched the numbers from our proof of concept and
       | estimated that if we dedicated all the GPUs I have of that class,
       | to this one task, that a 1 year of computation would be done in 1
       | month. At least two people have received Nobel's based on similar
       | findings.
       | 
       | The problem was finding funding to pay for the operating
       | expenses, megawatts of power, so it never got off the ground and
       | the hardware has been turned off and decommissioned. Such a
       | bummer.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | > I've been running >120k gpus to mine ETH
         | 
         | So when the sea levels rise and destroy my home, I'll know who
         | to blame. Thank you.
        
           | pxmpxm wrote:
           | At 1-3mm year, I am highly confident you'll be long dead
           | before that happens.
           | 
           | 120k gpus is like what USD50mio capex at least? Did you even
           | get any of that back w/o accounting for electricity?
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | Oh yea, but we wasted it on
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35206003
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | jeromegv wrote:
             | That hydro that went to you couldn't be shared to the
             | connected network and they had to power the rest of the
             | network with gas instead. Unless you built your own dam,
             | which I really doubt you did.
             | 
             | Also unused hydro accumulates in the lake, so it's not like
             | hydro was wasting away and needed to be used.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | The only users of the power in the area are data centers.
               | The power goes directly there. The same data centers
               | you're using to access services on the internet. There is
               | more than enough hydro in the area so they don't have to
               | turn on the gas. Very large river based hydro and the
               | dams were built long ago.
        
               | bunabhucan wrote:
               | I don't know if you know this but electricity can travel
               | through conductors to other places.
        
               | ifni wrote:
               | Not everything is connected to the grid, you know.
               | 
               | Here's an example of a single hydro dam a LONG way from
               | the grid which (pre-Cryptocurrency gold rush) had 12 MW
               | of unused power generation capacity plus they were
               | talking up the possibility of adding an additional 20 MW
               | of generation.
               | 
               | https://www.hydroreview.com/business-finance/boralex-
               | acquire...
               | 
               | It's not going to be the only one.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | Almost everything is connected to the grid. And even if
               | it isn't... Even if it is an isolated hydro plant only
               | connected to a data centre, _other useful digital
               | services_ could have run there instead.
               | 
               | There's really no getting away from the fact that
               | cryptocurrencies waste huge amounts of energy,
               | _significantly_ contributing to climate change just to
               | move money from idiots to arseholes.
               | 
               | Not just energy too - think how many resources it takes
               | to make 120k GPUs. He _should_ feel deep guilt about it.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | I am very happy that ETH switched to PoS. Now it just
               | runs in the other data centers that are already in the
               | same location and uses a fraction of the power.
               | 
               | The GPUs were already made and older models. The PS5
               | chips were seconds that never made it into PS5's. They
               | would have gone to waste regardless.
               | 
               | If is really interesting to me how people have some sort
               | of moral obligation to tell others how to spend energy. I
               | find gaming a total waste of time/energy, but I don't
               | tell people to stop playing games or that they should
               | feel guilty about it.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | > The GPUs were already made and older models.
               | 
               | Just because they had already been made doesn't mean that
               | _you_ using them has no impact on the world. If you hadn
               | 't used them then other people would have, there would be
               | less demand for GPUs, and fewer GPUs would be made in
               | future.
               | 
               | You're clearly smart enough to understand that; you just
               | don't want to because it makes you feel guilty. Honestly
               | I think you should just own it. I assume you made a
               | suitably large amount of money? I can't say I wouldn't
               | have done the same but I hope I would have the honesty to
               | admit I basically burnt down a forest to take money from
               | idiots.
               | 
               | > If is really interesting to me how people have some
               | sort of moral obligation to tell others how to spend
               | energy.
               | 
               | It's almost as if we all live on the same planet and the
               | way we spend energy affects other people!
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | > If you hadn't used them then other people would have,
               | there would be less demand for GPUs, and fewer GPUs would
               | be made in future.
               | 
               | No. They were based on stock that didn't sell. It is a
               | common misconception with GPU mining that you had to use
               | the latest and greatest. The 4-5 year older tech was more
               | ROI efficient and we got access to it, so we used it.
               | Nobody wanted it cause it was old. We put it to use for a
               | few years and now it'll either find a new home or get
               | recycled for parts.
               | 
               | > I would have the honesty to admit I basically burnt
               | down a forest to take money from idiots.
               | 
               | See... that's a personal attack. I don't see things the
               | way you do. In my eyes, attempting to build a better
               | financial system isn't 'taking money from idiots'. Given
               | all that's going on in the banking world today, I find it
               | hard to believe anyone would want to continue with the
               | status quo.
               | 
               | You literally have Yellen sitting in a room with her
               | friends deciding which bank should live or die. I'd like
               | to see that and a whole lot more in traditional finance
               | get cleaned up. Helping get ETH off the ground was a good
               | thing... now that it is on PoS, this whole debate about
               | energy use, is a moot point.
               | 
               | > It's almost as if we all live on the same planet and
               | the way we spend energy affects other people!
               | 
               | Sure, but don't be hypocritical about it. I'm sure that
               | there are 1000's of ways that you personally don't do
               | your part either. Ever fly in a plane to take a vacation?
               | No one on this planet is doing a perfect job at
               | minimizing their footprint and I certainly don't feel
               | like I'm above anyone else to criticize others on their
               | energy ab(use).
        
               | esperent wrote:
               | > It's not going to be the only one.
               | 
               | It probably is the only one, or at least an unusual
               | outlier.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | You are correct. There is one in upstate new york as
               | well. An old Alcoa smelter factory powered off the Moses-
               | Saunders dam. It is so remote and sparsely populated that
               | transmitting the power elsewhere is just too expensive.
               | I've even seen their energy bills and the transmission
               | costs alone are insane.
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | While true, it isn't an easy task. You have to build and
               | maintain infrastructure to transmit it and that is super
               | expensive, with a lot of loss.
               | 
               | This is a remote location, that is sparsely populated,
               | with a big river and many dams. There is a lot more power
               | generated in the area, than there are users for it.
               | 
               | It would be going to waste otherwise.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | for a fraction of a percent of the problem that isn't even in
           | use anymore?
           | 
           | misdirected angst
        
             | esperent wrote:
             | "angst". Interesting word. It's always used to dismiss
             | people's anger. But in this case we're talking about anger
             | at our climate being damaged, our home, earth, the only
             | place we have to live. And for what? To generate fake (or
             | not fake, who cares) electronic currency. This anger is not
             | misdirected, it's laser focused on you greedy fucks who
             | think it's ok to use 120,000 computers for this bullshit.
             | You deserve anger and scorn for this, as you scurry around
             | with excuses like "it's not just us", or "that electricity
             | was just lying around unused".
        
               | latchkey wrote:
               | Ever travel to SE Asia? There are millions of kids that
               | go to gaming centers. They are rooms in shacks, full of
               | computers and they sit there 24/7 playing games online.
               | They are burning electricity non-stop and this is
               | majority coal based energy.
        
         | recuter wrote:
         | > The problem was finding funding to pay for the operating
         | expenses, megawatts of power, so it never got off the ground
         | and the hardware has been turned off and decommissioned. Such a
         | bummer.
         | 
         | You ran 120,000 graphics card to mine ETH and didn't end up
         | with lambos or like... ether.. to donate to the professor along
         | with the hardware?
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | Hookers and blow actually. Space dust.
        
             | recuter wrote:
             | _Nice_.
        
           | yieldcrv wrote:
           | anybody running them would have the same operational costs,
           | probably far higher since miners gravitate to the lowest cost
           | power source
        
             | recuter wrote:
             | He couldn't even donate 120 out of the 120k cards and one
             | lambo? I'm beginning to think this whole crypto thing is
             | sus
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | Yeah, that's either a typo or bull ... or maybe one of the
           | top 5 ETH miners is among us.
        
             | latchkey wrote:
             | Nah, while this was a large operation, there were much much
             | larger ETH miners.
        
               | moralestapia wrote:
               | Wow.
        
         | dools wrote:
         | Fucking hell crypto is such a colossal waste of resources
        
           | latchkey wrote:
           | In comparison to everything else, it is tiny. All of banking
           | could be significantly automated to the point that we don't
           | need to build physical buildings all over the planet and
           | stuff them full of humans who drive their cars to work every
           | day to take your money and write it down on a ledger. Talk
           | about absurd.
           | 
           | Remember also, this equipment is being turned off because
           | ethereum has grown to be more efficient. It is now proof of
           | stake instead of proof of work and it has been a relatively
           | huge success. Over night, this single change wiped out every
           | single GPU mined network out there by removing all the
           | profitability. That was the plan from day one and I'm glad it
           | worked!
        
             | dools wrote:
             | The financial system has put a lot of effort into
             | automation obliviously because it means they make more
             | money. So to the extent that they could be automated, they
             | are automated and will continue to increase the level of
             | automation.
             | 
             | It's also not a reasonable comparison because banks do
             | something useful (even if I think they could be much better
             | regulated and are too profitable and shouldn't be running
             | the payment system).
             | 
             | Crypto does nothing useful, it's like an online casino, or
             | an online game.
             | 
             | Do you know any online games that consume anywhere near as
             | much hardware and electricity?
        
       | pmarreck wrote:
       | does it have anything to do with the fact that the USG has
       | basically said "UFO's are real", and since UFO's were always real
       | (in the sense that I'm sure there were always some kind of
       | "flying object" that was "unidentifiable"), this is in effect a
       | tacit admittance that they are probably extraterrestrially
       | piloted? >..<
        
       | lamontcg wrote:
       | At one point around 1998 I had the #2 spot on the units-pert-time
       | leaderboard with an AlphaServer 4100 (IIRC) that I managed and
       | got bosses approval to throw setiathome on there.
       | 
       | The #1 spot was someone's Sun E15k or something like that.
        
       | atonse wrote:
       | I wonder if this explosion in GPU processing would've made things
       | 1000x faster? Never paid attention to it.
        
         | phone8675309 wrote:
         | Purely speculative - but perhaps the explosion in GPU power and
         | storage capacity means they can do this processing in house
         | now.
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | Were the searches performed by the @home software so extensive
         | that there's no other use for that data, or were there trade
         | offs made for compute time from when it was originally created
         | being too much for the time? So if the software was updated to
         | take advantage of today's compute scanning the same data, would
         | there be any benefit? I seem to recall some results of "AI"
         | searching existing data to find things that were previously
         | missed. Wondering if the same might be true of the SETI@home
         | data.
        
       | ShakataGaNai wrote:
       | It'll never not amuse me that in the first season of NCIS (circa
       | 2003), Seti@Home (or someones clone of it) was the screen saver
       | on Gibbs computer in a couple episodes.
       | 
       | At the same time we had already installed Seti@Home on basically
       | every computer we had access to... including school.
       | 
       | Good times.
        
       | SturgeonsLaw wrote:
       | Is it possible to distribute AI training like this so that people
       | could donate their idle processing power to creating a truly open
       | source unencumbered LLM?
        
         | alwayslikethis wrote:
         | It's not clear that machine learning models consisting of
         | weights are copyrightable in the first place. They are not the
         | results of human authorship, but are instead essentially
         | produced by a machine trying to optimize a bunch of values.
        
           | mr_toad wrote:
           | If you can get copyright on a photo just by pointing a camera
           | and pressing a button you can probably get copyright on an
           | AI.
        
             | ROTMetro wrote:
             | I'm guessing you missed this discussion:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35191206
             | 
             | No copyright on an AI if it was machine generated, which
             | the training is. Great catch kmeisthax!
        
         | kmeisthax wrote:
         | Yes. You'd have to package up slices of the training set and
         | the prior epoch as work units and host them. Our hypothetical
         | GPT@home clients download the training set, train _just_ those
         | examples, and then send back their gradients. The server then
         | averages all the gradients together.
         | 
         | As far as I can tell this isn't any different conceptually from
         | the distributed inference setup that PyTorch/Huggingface
         | Accelerate/etc support. Of course those were built for
         | cooperating machines owned by the same organization with lots
         | of high-speed I/O. In an @home/BOINC setup, you need to package
         | things up into work units that get sent out to other people's
         | computers, and you don't get anything back until the end. So
         | it's higher-latency and you have to worry about people cheating
         | the system with bogus work.
         | 
         | I'm not sure if this would be more efficient or cheaper than
         | just renting out a bunch of AWS spot instances with GPUs in
         | them.
        
           | pxmpxm wrote:
           | Err gradients aren't independently additive like that right?
        
           | cypress66 wrote:
           | Batches need to be reasonably sized. Llms are usually trained
           | for a single epoch. If you just average the gradients once,
           | it will be awful.
           | 
           | The main problem I believe is that you would need extremely
           | high bandwidth. For a 100B model you're looking at 400GB of
           | gradients you need to send each batch. There's a reason why
           | super fast networking is used.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | gradys wrote:
         | It's harder because gradient descent is usually done with near
         | synchronous updates of the parameters across the whole model on
         | all training hosts.
        
           | why_only_15 wrote:
           | Yeah, the synchronous updates are a big deal. To get an idea
           | of how much bandwidth this typically takes, Oracle has
           | 1600gbps per node of interconnect with latency very low,
           | guessing in the tens of microseconds. A really good home
           | connection might have 1gbps of interconnect with latency in
           | the tens of milliseconds. The big question is whether we
           | really need all this interconnect -- GPT-JT[1] is a very
           | promising step in this direction. The idea is that we just
           | drop most of the gradient updates and it still works well.
           | Unclear whether this will take off generally -- if it does it
           | would be a huge deal, because 1600gbps of interconnect is
           | _very_ expensive.
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.together.xyz/blog/releasing-v1-of-gpt-jt-
           | powered...
        
         | rtkwe wrote:
         | The issue with all these types of projects now is that
         | computers are way better at idling now so there's no longer as
         | much effectively free compute to be harvested. SETI@home made a
         | lot more sense when CPUs consumed roughly the same power
         | regardless of the load.
        
         | ikmckenz wrote:
         | The Hivemind project is just that
         | 
         | https://github.com/learning-at-home/hivemind
        
       | melvinmelih wrote:
       | I remember having to choose between mining bitcoin or running
       | folding@home back in 2011. I chose to save humanity...
        
         | jonas21 wrote:
         | Which one did you choose?
        
           | dennis_jeeves1 wrote:
           | lol. I think that would be Bitcoin.
        
       | agumonkey wrote:
       | back when distributed humanity improvement were not causing weird
       | bubbles
        
       | O__________O wrote:
       | Why? For explanation, see link below; appears this was announced
       | back in 2020, title should be updated:
       | 
       | - https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85267
        
         | roughly wrote:
         | Honestly, this seems like a pretty good outcome - "we got all
         | the help we need, thank you all."
        
         | jjulius wrote:
         | Not just announced in 2020 - the hibernation went into effect
         | on March 31st, 2020. Surprised as some of these comments are
         | (even me!), it's been asleep for three years now.
        
         | morpheuskafka wrote:
         | Interestingly, there is an update published just 10 days ago
         | that seems to be a more permanent end to the project than the
         | OP: https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85996
        
       | 71a54xd wrote:
       | This is really kind of sad, SETI@home and Folding@Home were some
       | of the first projects that got me really into computers and GPU
       | programming. It was so cool to me in middle school to think that
       | my computer was helping do a small part of _real_ incredibly
       | complicated problem solving.
        
         | sizzle wrote:
         | Folding@Home was something I ran instead of mining bitcoin at
         | the time, it really made me feel fulfilled, but alas here I am
         | without my crazy bitcoin money because I rather fold proteins
         | to solve diseases back then hah
        
           | bcrosby95 wrote:
           | I did bitcoin but used it for beer money. RIP the 150 or so
           | coins I mined.
        
             | bee_rider wrote:
             | This is where most of my "what if" thoughts about Bitcoin
             | go. I heard about it when it was pretty cheap -- I want to
             | say single digit dollars, but it was a while ago.
             | 
             | But if I'd have gotten into it at the time, I surely would
             | have decided "it'll never go higher" around $200 at most.
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | basicallybones wrote:
           | samesies :(
        
           | omgwtfbyobbq wrote:
           | Don't even get me started...
           | 
           | I remember reading the roi of mining with an AGP GPU just
           | wasn't worth it and stuck to various projects on BOINC.
           | 
           | To be fair I likely would have lost/spent anything I mined,
           | but still.
        
         | babuloseo wrote:
         | It was pretty freaking magical, god I hate capitalism
         | sometimes.
        
       | joshu wrote:
       | i've been running this shit for years and i never detected any
       | aliens... bah
        
       | MagicMoonlight wrote:
       | If they have useful data they need to upload it somewhere. Maybe
       | nobody cares now, but at some point there will be an AI capable
       | of ingesting it and it might see something worthwhile in it.
        
         | lacker wrote:
         | check out https://bldata.berkeley.edu/pipeline/ if you want to
         | download terabytes of radio telescope data from scans searching
         | for aliens....
        
       | arvidkahl wrote:
       | I snuck SETI clients onto the computers in my school. This is a
       | sad moment -- but I rejoice in knowing that it embedded the
       | concept of distributed computing among nerds in our collective
       | memory. Protein folding, weather prediction, and looking for
       | pulsars as an in-game feature of EVE Online... glad these things
       | came out of it.
        
         | p1mrx wrote:
         | You forgot the biggest distributed computing project: finding
         | SHA256 hashes with lots of zeroes at the beginning.
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | You could make a religion out of this... oh wait
        
             | p1mrx wrote:
             | How about a verifiable religion, where the "bible" hashes
             | to 0 exactly? The only problem is, I'm not omniscient
             | enough to write it.
        
       | elif wrote:
       | Maybe the existing data contains patterns that simply are not in
       | a form humans have the capacity to comprehend?
       | 
       | Maybe the path forward is not through seeking the patterns we
       | were looking for harder, but in creating AI's that have been told
       | that patterns exist, and they must determine the nature of those
       | patterns on their own, until 1000 AI's with typewriters produce
       | an alien Shakespeare.
        
       | tpict wrote:
       | My dad's Power Mac running the SETI screensaver is one of my
       | earliest memories of the Internet. Makes me a little sad
        
       | villgax wrote:
       | Anyone up for Llama training?
        
         | sacnoradhq wrote:
         | LLaMA? :)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | qtwhat wrote:
       | sad.
       | 
       | wont be able to hear from Three-body from now on. human's eye are
       | closed.
        
       | Dalewyn wrote:
       | It's kind of sad that in this era of the commons having more
       | computing power than could possibly be fully utilized,
       | distributed computing like this (aka besides cryptomining) is
       | mostly a footnote in the history books.
        
       | Breza wrote:
       | I have a tangential question. I remember distributed processing
       | being a "next big thing" back in the day. The idea was that a
       | company could run complex operations by borrowing some power from
       | all their employee's computers. Seti@home proved the concept was
       | possible. So what happened? Why can't I train a random forest
       | across all the computers currently logged into my company's VPN?
        
         | saagarjha wrote:
         | The employee computers got put on the cloud, which let them be
         | shared.
        
         | lacker wrote:
         | Nowadays a modern radio telescope, let's take MeerKAT in South
         | Africa, can produce maybe 10T of data per minute. The total
         | bandwidth out of the site is orders of magnitude less, because
         | it's in the middle of nowhere in the desert. Same thing for
         | pretty much all the radio telescopes - the technology improves
         | over time, and we capture orders of magnitude more data, but
         | the internet connections to these remote locations stay very
         | slow.
         | 
         | So we have to do most of the processing on site.
         | 
         | AI training is similar but not quite so extreme - when you try
         | to use a bunch of consumer machines, bandwidth becomes the
         | limiting factor.
        
           | acjacobson wrote:
           | If bandwidth wasn't a limiting factor would it be worth it or
           | still make sense to use big machines onsite?
        
         | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
         | because it's probably easier to write the code to run on a
         | single 256 core server with 8tb of RAM.
        
         | ikiris wrote:
         | idle states, and the scam of cryptocurrency happened.
        
         | nonagono wrote:
         | It's just not worth it. Writing programs in a distributed
         | fashion is hard, setting up compute servers on employee
         | machines is awkward, and few companies actually need to run
         | large compute jobs. So while it's in theory possible, the non-
         | compute costs of doing this would eat up any compute savings.
        
       | mwbajor wrote:
       | What most people don't know is that there are two SETI
       | organizations. The SETI institute and the SETI League,
       | http://www.setileague.org/
       | 
       | SETI @ home is run by the SETI Institute. As a participant in
       | SETI @ home, your only contribution is your computing power.
       | 
       | The SETI League has a much more interesting program called
       | "project Argus": http://www.setileague.org/argus/
       | 
       | Its a distributed version of SETI at home whereas you own and
       | control your own receiver. Its run by folks in the amateur radio
       | community. It was launched in the late 90's before the
       | advancements of SDRs and has alot of potential today. Its truly
       | an open source initiative which is what SETI should be.
       | 
       | You might say "a backyard radio telescope cannot compare to
       | Arecibo or the Allen Array". In terms of antenna gain you are
       | right, but right now, the Allen Array can only look in a few
       | directions simultaneously and Arecibo is a pile of rubble. Many
       | smaller telescopes is better than nothing.
        
         | dragonwriter wrote:
         | > You might say "a backyard radio telescope cannot compare to
         | Arecibo or the Allen Array".
         | 
         | Any radio telescope that exists can compare favorably to
         | Arecibo, actually.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | DarknessFalls wrote:
       | It seems like modern machine learning models are more aptly
       | suited for crunching this data with a new method of distributing
       | the segments.
        
       | fsckboy wrote:
       | I don't specifically miss SETI@home as much as I miss the spirit
       | of the internet back then, the "what will they think of next!?"
       | The idea that all of us could together could crack RSA keys
       | wasn't just a thought exercise, people signed up and did it. Now
       | computers are so complex and task heavy and fraught with problems
       | it seems like more hassle than it's worth. I liked when wondering
       | "why is my machine so slow", that "top" or "ps auxww" had a
       | chance of fitting on a screen or two. Now I wouldn't look forward
       | to unleashing an eternal, 24-7, intensive task with a connection
       | to the internet, even though I have a lot more bandwidth.
        
         | bitcoinistrash wrote:
         | > The idea that all of us could together could crack RSA keys
         | wasn't just a thought exercise, people signed up and did it.
         | 
         | Hasn't changed that much. Here we are in 2023 where most of
         | this distributed power goes to cracking sha 256 hashes. Just
         | for speculation and profit instead of leaderboards.
        
           | chungy wrote:
           | Bitcoin has nothing to do with "cracking SHA256 hashes", for
           | what it's worth. The only thing remotely related is how it
           | brute-forces inputs until it generates hashes that begin with
           | a certain number of bits set to 0.
        
             | cypress66 wrote:
             | > hashes that begin with a certain number of bits set to 0.
             | 
             | This myth was always intriguing to me. Where does it come
             | from?
             | 
             | It's not a number of 0s (which would imply difficulty could
             | only be doubled or halved), it's just finding a hash that
             | is less than the target.
        
               | pmarreck wrote:
               | "Less than the target" in effect is "more leading zeroes"
               | depending on how low the target is. But the lower, the
               | more leading zeros, Right?
        
               | kevinwang wrote:
               | It's in the original Bitcoin whitepaper
        
               | chungy wrote:
               | Thanks, this is likely where I read it first. I hadn't
               | realized the actual implementation got more complicated
               | than that. :)
        
               | cypress66 wrote:
               | Interesting. Even though I read the paper many times, I
               | didn't catch that. I guess I always skipped that part
               | because I assume I already knew it.
        
             | hot_gril wrote:
             | It's continually testing the strength of SHA256. If you can
             | find a way to even partially crack it, you win money. Edit:
             | Also, way more hashes are happening all the time now,
             | increasing the chance that someone finds a collision if it
             | were possible.
        
               | chungy wrote:
               | That's still not what the Bitcoin miners are doing.
               | They're manipulating inputs, trillions of times a second,
               | just to match a "magic" target for a SHA256 hash starting
               | with a certain number of bits set to 0.
               | 
               | Cracking hashes would imply that they're taking pre-
               | existing hashes and reversing them to find the input.
        
               | hot_gril wrote:
               | Hashes have multiple requirements for security. You're
               | talking about only one facet, which is that you cannot be
               | given a hash and produce a matching input without
               | consulting a rainbow table (I think there's a term for
               | this, I forget it though).
        
               | IncRnd wrote:
               | Chungy is correct though. Bitcoin has absolutely nothing
               | to do with "cracking sha256 hashes". Bitcoin hashes until
               | the correct output is found. There are double hashes, but
               | that is solely to avoid collisions and has nothing to do
               | with determining the plaintext from a known digest.
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | It's kinda sad. If we persisted all the hashes that have
               | been tried, we'd have the mother of all rainbow tables.
               | 
               | Be a bitch to search. But damn would we know the
               | topography of the function space.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | int0x2e wrote:
               | Why hasn't anyone made that crypto currency yet?
        
               | salawat wrote:
               | Because it would actually solve a problem?
               | 
               | ...I'll see myself out.
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | >and has nothing to do with determining the plaintext
               | from a known digest.
               | 
               | So why'd you bring it up?
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | User bitcoinistrash is the one that brought it up, and
               | they're spreading incorrect information about how it
               | works.
               | 
               | Cracking sha256 hashes implies trying to reverse a
               | specific hash. There are literally thousands (millions?)
               | of potential inputs that hash to a valid bitcoin mining
               | block output. It's basically a race to find the first one
               | matching the rules of the current block difficulty. The
               | goal isn't to produce any one specific input/hash pair.
        
               | glass3 wrote:
               | In which context would somebody try to reverse a hash?
               | That would be like arbitrarily enhancing a bad-resolution
               | image to see something that cannot be seen.
               | 
               | Hash collision should always be about finding matching
               | content for a hash.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | [deleted]
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | Yeah, cryptocurrency stuff is the closest I've ever felt
           | today to the spirit of the old internet.
        
             | SECProto wrote:
             | > cryptocurrency stuff is the closest I've ever felt today
             | to the spirit of the old internet
             | 
             | Cryptocurrency feels like the exact _opposite_ of the old
             | internet to me - it feels like a bunch of anonymous bros
             | looking for the next sucker to scam out of money and get
             | rich quick.
        
               | Breza wrote:
               | I agree with you. The early web was full of amazing
               | opportunities but had trouble monetizing things.
               | Cryptocurrency is the opposite, it tries to monetize
               | everything but doesn't have practical uses.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | Bitcoin was "old internet" tech at some point. Just for
               | reference, I bought my first BTC at 0.20 EUR/BTC. Back
               | then it looked like the future to a lot of us ... "hey!
               | We/Hackers can make our own money. And it is superior to
               | state issued money!" ... looking back, it honestly it is
               | somewhat to see the state of cryptocurrencies today.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Once the original Bitcoin OG cypherpunks shifted from
               | "here is an amazing new technology that could do entirely
               | new things" to tweeting about the USD price of Bitcoin, I
               | knew that era was over. I think it was done by ~2015.
               | 
               | The Ethereum research community is still doing very neat
               | cutting-edge things, but they're a younger generation and
               | didn't claim to believe in the same principles (only to
               | later disappoint us all.)
        
               | Noujin wrote:
               | How did the Ethereum research community disappoint us
               | all?
        
               | thfuran wrote:
               | They just said that they didn't.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | Yep ... I just looked it up, I bought my first BTC in
               | 2010/11 ... Back when they were just handing out 0.01 BTC
               | to mess around.
        
               | RobotToaster wrote:
               | I thought it was a dumb idea at the time, that nobody
               | would be stupid enough to invest in.
               | 
               | I still think it's a dumb idea, but I've learnt not to
               | underestimate human stupidity.
        
               | fho wrote:
               | See ... Back then we thought that it would be replacing
               | cash. Some friends and I were thinking about having
               | wallets in smart cards (technically possible) and
               | distributing BTC terminals to local businesses.
               | 
               | The whole crazy investment thing came much later and
               | basically destroyed any hope of using BTC on a daily
               | basis.
        
               | andirk wrote:
               | If you bought $10 USD of it "at the time", you'd have a
               | giant pile of USD. Who is stupid in that lack of
               | purchase?
               | 
               | Point is a lot of things are stupid and turn out to work
               | really well. USD is backed by a computer at the Federal
               | Reserve. Sounds pretty stupid but it works.
        
               | landoftheice wrote:
               | [dead]
        
               | grumbel wrote:
               | > looking back, it honestly it is somewhat to see the
               | state of cryptocurrencies today.
               | 
               | Steam and pretty much every other regular retailer
               | dropped Bitcoin support five years ago. The state of
               | Bitcoin feels even more hopeless today than it did back
               | then. It is impressive how you can run a trillion dollar
               | pyramid scheme on just digital nothingness, but I always
               | hoped for cryptocurrency to eventually turn into a real
               | digital cash. Bypassing the fees and incompatibles
               | between regular payment schemes. But none of that has
               | happened. Bitcoin is still slow and expensive and there
               | is hardly anything you can buy with it anyway. Worse yet,
               | most Bitcoin still gets stored in "banks" instead of
               | being self hosted, so it failed on the whole P2P cash
               | thing as well.
               | 
               | It's impressive tech, but for all the wrong reasons.
        
               | Noujin wrote:
               | It's still taking time I think. We understood that L1
               | should never have been the place for the end consumers
               | and that's why all the chains (Bitcoin-Lightning; ETH
               | various systems like StarkNet, zkSync, Loopring and so
               | on) are currently in the process of finding out how to
               | make everything that is happening on L1 possible on L2.
               | On Ethereum one big part left out is still the the
               | general ability to run EVM code on L2, but that is
               | happening like right now.
               | 
               | Biggest problem after that will be user experience, but I
               | am currently in the Ledger Connect (now Ledger extension)
               | Testflight beta and it makes using dApps on iOS with a
               | hardware wallet a really good experience. No cables, no
               | app switching, no weird abstraction barrier. The new Stax
               | also seems like a well thought out wallet that was
               | created with a focus on UX. Only thing I don't yet see is
               | a good NFC integration for existing payment terminals.
               | 
               | I still think the industry is really early. Layer 3 is
               | now a topic for privacy preserving user interactions
               | which is super interesting. It doesn't then stop at being
               | your own bank, but with it you will be able to really
               | control your own identity without anyone standing in the
               | way. For needing less trust sharing your data and being
               | self sovereign. Using the chains just as a highly
               | accessible, authorized data store.
        
               | delecti wrote:
               | I think before ~2014ish it felt like the old internet.
               | Using bitcoin to buy drugs online really felt like the
               | internet was free and empowering again.
        
               | johnyzee wrote:
               | The 'old internet' was chuck full of hucksters and
               | scammers and 'futurists' selling snake oil, at least from
               | circa 1993 onward and in full bloom since around the time
               | of the Netscape IPO. It was pretty much exactly like the
               | crypto industry, a core of real technologists doing
               | amazing stuff, and then a whole industry of scammy sales
               | people on top of it.
               | 
               | If you are talking about pre-web, I'd say crypto had that
               | era too, up until around 2012 when bitcoin really took
               | off.
        
               | wvoch235 wrote:
               | The nature of the scam has evolved, and possibly the
               | parties involved have changed, but the scams were always
               | there.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | iancmceachern wrote:
         | Totally. Now it feels like the internet is more about
         | exploiting people for profit.
        
         | ar9av wrote:
         | :'-( I installed SETI@HOME on both my office and home machine
         | back in '98 / 99. I know my contributions were not very much in
         | the sense just how much can one laptop & a desktop do but I
         | watched (and hoped) SETI@HOME as it progressed (:-) and then
         | there's always that wishful thinking that someone somewhere
         | would hit jackpot)...
         | 
         | Hoping you guys come back again.
         | 
         | Best.
        
         | dheera wrote:
         | > I wouldn't look forward to unleashing an eternal, 24-7,
         | intensive task with a connection to the internet
         | 
         | Just use another machine for stuff like this? Spare computers
         | are cheap nowadays.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | >I miss the spirit of the internet back then
         | 
         | Classic SETI@home's website[1] is a blast to browse.
         | 
         | [1]: https://seticlassic.ssl.berkeley.edu/
        
         | TheCaptain4815 wrote:
         | The recent neural network "revolution" is giving me those
         | vibes, even though it'll ironically kill the old internet with
         | the upcoming spam bots.
        
           | hot_gril wrote:
           | I get the opposite vibe because the forerunner is ClosedAI.
        
             | TheCaptain4815 wrote:
             | True, but to be fair it was only recently that OpenAI
             | really took over with ChatGPT and their api cost. Before
             | that (just 3-4 months ago), the open source models were
             | excellent competitors.
        
           | rurp wrote:
           | If it were based on open ended tooling that anyone interested
           | could experiment freely with, I would feel the same.
           | Unfortunately these giant LLMs are almost the complete
           | opposite of that.
        
             | xtracto wrote:
             | I was just thinking that it would be great to do something
             | like seti@home but for an open libre super LLM: Install a
             | client that would help run / train the huge llm and you get
             | Access to the network to do queries. Kind of how
             | napster/Kazaa were at their time.
             | 
             | I would love to work on doing something like that.
        
               | j5155 wrote:
               | What you're describing is http://chat.petals.ml/
        
               | Freebytes wrote:
               | That is actually a great idea. One of the issues with a
               | network, however, is how the output would be produced in
               | such a scenario and how the dictionary would be
               | controlled and how the training data could be managed.
               | The transformer model allows different RNNs to be
               | separated, but it would be challenging to 'put it all
               | together'. Furthermore, bad actors could intentionally
               | poison the network during the training process.
               | 
               | Furthermore, how would upgrades work? When new techniques
               | are discovered, it would be hard to upgrade it. We see
               | these challenges already when it comes to major changes
               | in cryptocurrency networks.
        
         | UniverseHacker wrote:
         | Power and cooling were at fixed levels and computers couldn't
         | really sleep, so cpu cycles were just wasted without seti@home.
         | Nowadays computers idle efficiently, so something like that
         | would make your computer louder and more expensive to run.
        
           | iforgotpassword wrote:
           | Nah, HLT is pretty old and even back then had meaningful
           | impact on power consumption. If you were running Win9x though
           | you would've had to install an additional driver for it, as
           | those really just busy waited otherwise when nothing was
           | happening.
        
           | porknubbins wrote:
           | I'm probably about median age for HN and when I was looking
           | into folding Seti@home I had no idea and didn't worry about
           | power cost because it was subsidised by my parents or
           | university. Plus energy was cheaper then. Now as an adult
           | seeing a month of a few GPUs running on the utility bill
           | really hurts.
        
             | KerrAvon wrote:
             | Solar panels.
        
               | stouset wrote:
               | So now you need additional capital expenditure to handle
               | the extra load of running your CPU and GPU 24/7, above
               | your base load.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | At grid scale, providing that is still likely cheaper
               | than doing everything with new nuclear. The difference in
               | LCOE is just that large.
        
               | Eduard wrote:
               | Rental apartment.
        
             | BrandoElFollito wrote:
             | I have a datacenter at home (that is, the top shelf of a
             | cupboard) with my fiber connection, router, a 10 years old
             | tower with a mix of HDD and SDD, a small computer that acts
             | as the router/DHCP/... and a few other equipment - behind a
             | UPS.
             | 
             | I measured the consumption at some point and it is a steady
             | 60W.
             | 
             | I expected more, this setup has a marginal consumption
             | compared to other appliances - and it gives me happiness.
             | 
             | Without doing advanced research, I would guess that a lot
             | of consumption i fixed and hardly compressible (fridge,
             | dishwasher, water boiler, induction plate, typical lights)
             | - at least I hope so.
        
               | 411111111111111 wrote:
               | That's a Homeserver, not a Datacenter.
               | 
               | The definition of a Datacenter includes that it's
               | _complex_ , which your given example just isn't
        
               | BrandoElFollito wrote:
               | Sorry, I was trying to be funny with the datacenter,
               | using that word together with cupboard upper shelf and my
               | equipment :)
               | 
               | This may have been funny for people who know me and my
               | 30n years of work with real datacenters.
               | 
               | This is also an example of how badly written words on
               | internet convey emotions (especially humour)
        
               | 411111111111111 wrote:
               | I just dislike purposefully misused technical terms,
               | including in jest, as that's how we've gotten to this
               | point where every second disagreement boils down to
               | people not agreeing to the same definition.
        
             | ETH_start wrote:
             | The fact that energy hasn't gotten more affordable really
             | demonstrates a deficiency of planning.
             | 
             | We've had access to a source of energy that is cheap, zero-
             | carbon and essentially limitless, since the 1950s: nuclear
             | power.
        
               | matthewdgreen wrote:
               | Uranium and expensive plant resources are much too
               | valuable to waste on this application. Buy some solar
               | panels and do your hobby/discretionary computing using
               | the much cheaper and unlimited power from our sun.
        
               | jandrese wrote:
               | Nuclear power has proven to be a lot of things, but cheap
               | is not one of them. In theory it is possible to build
               | nuclear power plants at scale and at reasonable cost, but
               | in practice that has not worked out in the real world.
        
               | Georgelemental wrote:
               | It has actually, in places and times where regulations
               | were reasonable.
        
               | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
               | which times and places were those?
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | 80s USA.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | You mean the places and times and regulatory environment
               | that brought us Chernobyl, Three Mile Island, and
               | Fukushima?
               | 
               | I'm not going to get into a debate over the safety of
               | nuclear over other generation options, but is it
               | conceivable that, if the modern regulatory environment
               | were in place when those three plants were built and
               | operated, they never would have suffered major incidents?
        
               | jimmydorry wrote:
               | Those power plants wouldn't have been allowed to be
               | built... so yes? With the modern regulatory environment,
               | those three nuclear power plants would never have melted
               | down (because they wouldn't exist).
        
               | iopq wrote:
               | But you can't both have cheap nuclear and the current
               | regulations since they are in conflict.
               | 
               | But I think molten salt thorium plants can offer superior
               | safety
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Molten salt reactors might provide superior safety (the
               | thorium is irrelevant to that). However, they also would
               | likely imply higher operating costs, because now instead
               | of being sealed in fuel elements your fuel is flowing
               | through a larger part of your reactor, and volatile
               | fission products are escaping into the off gas and have
               | to be trapped in another system (which will have to be
               | cooled to prevent melting). So you now have complex
               | systems that are too radioactive for anyone to touch for
               | maintenance. Reactor structural elements are also now
               | exposed to more neutron radiation as well.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | Having a fukushima and a three mile island happen every
               | year would be easily worth it if it made nuclear 20%
               | cheaper (feel free to do the maths if you dont believe
               | me). And it would actually make things fourfold cheaper
               | judging by the difference in price per KW between the 80s
               | and now.
        
               | RobotToaster wrote:
               | There was less than 100 deaths from chernobyl, and only
               | one person died directly from fukushima[1]. I suspect
               | more people have died from falling off roofs while
               | fitting or cleaning solar panels than that.
               | 
               | You're correct that nobody builds rbmk reactors any more,
               | but others of the design continued to operate safely for
               | many years.
               | 
               | [1]https://ourworldindata.org/what-was-the-death-toll-
               | from-cher...
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | > There was less than 100 deaths from chernobyl
               | 
               | There may well be tens of thousands of deaths from
               | Chernobyl. No, we can't state that these deaths
               | absolutely occurred/will occur -- they are spread
               | throughout large populations, mixed into the vast number
               | of naturally occurring cancers -- but technology
               | regulation is not like criminal prosecution where things
               | must be proved beyond reasonable doubt. Technologies are
               | not innocent until proven guilty.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | > Technologies are not innocent until proven guilty
               | 
               | That depends entirely on the technology, and who is
               | paying who. Fossil fuels have been proven guilty of
               | numerous sins time and again and are still relentlessly
               | defended as innocent. Leaded fuel in particular enjoyed
               | an undeserved benefit of the doubt. Food additives are
               | another category of chemical with very permissive
               | regulation, provided they don't cause lab rats to
               | immediately keel over.
               | 
               | Technology regulation is unprincipled at best and
               | outright corrupt at worst, and even with the most
               | pessimistic estimates nuclear power has the best safety
               | record per watt of any power generation technology (and
               | it's not close).
        
               | iopq wrote:
               | First, the costs of nuclear power are quite substantial
               | AND they are front-loaded making it a bad investment. You
               | will need to go through a lot of red tape and spend all
               | the money right away to get some benefit later when it's
               | built.
               | 
               | Second, it's not zero carbon if you include building the
               | plants, since the plants have a limited lifespan, so
               | there's still a carbon footprint for the materials.
               | 
               | Third, if you switch all of our energy to nuclear today
               | with a magic switch, we would run out of all easy to mine
               | uranium in a few decades. While that is not a concern in
               | our lifetimes, some progress on thorium plants and so
               | forth must be made for nuclear to be a long term
               | solution.
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | >>Third, if you switch all of our energy to nuclear today
               | with a magic switch, we would run out of all easy to mine
               | uranium in a few decades.
               | 
               | There are vast quantities of uranium in ocean water in
               | concentrations that while low, still allow it to be
               | extracted. More importantly, breeder reactors can harvest
               | 100X more energy from uranium than currently deployed
               | reactor types, and in the process eliminate all of the
               | long-lasting nuclear waste, i.e. those with a half life
               | of millions/billions of years.
               | 
               | With known supplies of uranium and thorium on Earth,
               | nuclear fission can provide 100% of humanity's current
               | energy needs for something like 2 billion years. For
               | reference, the sun's rising luminosity is expected to
               | boil Earth's oceans away in 900 million years. We could
               | 1000X current energy consumption with nuclear, and have
               | enough fuel on Earth for over a million years. Long
               | before the fuel runs out, we will be able to exploit
               | resources beyond Earth.
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | All those options are significantly more expensive than
               | what we've been building. I mean, we've built fast
               | reactors, and thermal breeders with thorium, and had
               | pilot efforts for U extraction from sea water. None of
               | them could compete with LWRs with a once-through fuel
               | cycle on conventionally mined uranium.
               | 
               | Fast reactors also present the possibility of prompt fast
               | criticality (that is, an actual nuclear explosion) in a
               | serious accident if enough of the core melts and moves
               | around.
        
               | ekianjo wrote:
               | > Second, it's not zero carbon if you include building
               | the plants, since the plants have a limited lifespan, so
               | there's still a carbon footprint for the materials.
               | 
               | Nothing is zero carbon either. Batteries have a very long
               | supply chain that involves a lot of carbon heavy steps,
               | and their disposal also creates pollution. The same goes
               | for solar panels, but people conveniently choose to
               | ignore that.
               | 
               | > we would run out of all easy to mine uranium in a few
               | decades
               | 
               | We dont need uranium to run on nuclear power. There are
               | several alternatives already.
        
               | eru wrote:
               | I agree that nuclear power would have been great.
               | 
               | However it's no deficiency of planning.
               | 
               | It's down to public opinion and misguided regulation.
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | That's like a project manager blaming the missing of
               | deadlines on "the opinion of certain people in the
               | company and the bureaucracy within the company".
               | 
               | Not sure if that would fly.
        
               | Akronymus wrote:
               | Better not to build one than building a nuclear power
               | plant and then just not turning it on.
               | 
               | Zwentendorf was such a disaster.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | I don't think it's cheap, at least current costs of
               | building new nuclear tell us that.
        
               | concordDance wrote:
               | And why do you think current ones cost 4x as much as 80s
               | ones even after you adjust for inflation and power
               | output?
        
               | pfdietz wrote:
               | Well, construction is a lot safer now. The death rate of
               | construction workers has fallen by a factor of 5 since
               | the 1960s in the US. It's possible those lower
               | construction costs were at least in part due to a
               | cavalier disregard for worker safety.
        
               | kelnos wrote:
               | After looking at my utility bill, less than half of the
               | cost is electricity and natgas; the rest is delivery
               | charges -- that is, paying to maintain the power grid
               | itself. Assuming the utility is breaking that down more
               | or less honestly, reducing the cost of electricity here
               | probably wouldn't decrease my utility bill as
               | dramatically as one might guess. (And I live in
               | California, where electricity prices are notoriously
               | high.)
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | bunabhucan wrote:
               | >Assuming the utility is breaking that down more or less
               | honestly
               | 
               | ...
               | 
               | >And I live in California,
               | 
               | This made me laugh out loud. (Worked with utilities all
               | my life, including in CA.)
        
               | bombela wrote:
               | I have had around 13 power outages this week. I live
               | right in the middle of Silicon Valley. Most of the
               | charges from PG&E are indeed the grid charges, the rest
               | is supposedly a mandatory green energy. This is
               | depressing.
        
               | NetOpWibby wrote:
               | Fellow SV resident (does Cupertino count?) and my eyes
               | water when I look at my energy bill. Then I lose power
               | for two days and learn that people REALLY dislike PG&E.
               | And I thought National Grid was bad.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | Let's put all our power lines up in the air, they said.
               | It'll be fine, they said.
               | 
               | While other countries have stable and reliable power in
               | the face of hurricanes and ice storms, our power is
               | routinely knocked out by cars, trees, and basically any
               | act of nature.
               | 
               | I love how expensive everything is for how behind we are
               | from the entire rest of the world. Too bad the expenses
               | keep me trapped and poor, unable to do anything about it
               | --even just move to any other country.
        
               | ETH_start wrote:
               | I'm guessing much of that delivery cost is due to the
               | additional energy transmission and storage infrastructure
               | needed to incorporate intermittent energy from
               | solar/wind.
               | 
               | Solar and wind are extremely expensive when all costs are
               | taken into account. One study found that the "true cost
               | of using wind and solar to meet demand was $272 and $472
               | per MWh": [pdf]https://web.archive.org/web/20220916003958
               | /https://files.ame...
               | 
               | Mind you, this could change if we get an economical way
               | to generate hydrocarbon fuels from renewable electricity,
               | so I'm certainly not pessimistic about solar/wind's long
               | term prospects.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | With articles like "Save North Dakota Oil and Gas!" I'm
               | sceptical of that study.
               | 
               | Wind and solar were 30% of Great Britain's electricity
               | last year. The National Grid is a private company, so
               | their costs are clear, 3% of the average bill.
        
               | dTal wrote:
               | > Assuming the utility is breaking that down more or less
               | honestly
               | 
               | That's a bit of an odd one, as the amount of electricity
               | you consume has little _direct_ effect on maintenance
               | costs. Now, it might be in some sense  "fair" to charge
               | heavier consumers more, and there's a second order effect
               | whereby if total demand exceeds some threshold, the grid
               | must be upgraded to cope, but if that "delivery fee"
               | scales with your consumption then you're definitely
               | looking at some "creative" accounting.
        
               | saagarjha wrote:
               | What doesn't make sense to me is why this delivery charge
               | keeps going up? Is it just PG&E throwing a fit about
               | having to modernize its lines so they don't cause fires
               | anymore?
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Everything in California is explained by boomers voting
               | themselves out of paying taxes. In this case the
               | regulator never let them raise prices for maintenance so
               | it's all coming due now.
               | 
               | (PG&E is basically nationalized already, they don't make
               | their own decisions here.)
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | Or, alternatively, that they were only so _low_ before
               | this because someone decided to skip maintenance for 50
               | years.
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | Ah, the good old pass-the-buck-to-my-future-self strategy
               | that is leaving the US with trillions in infra repair
               | bills to be paid by my (millennial) generation and
               | younger.
        
               | ben_w wrote:
               | *waves in British*
               | 
               | * Long-term debt used to buy off the slave owners in 1837
               | and not getting fully paid down until 2015:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slave_Compensation_Act_1837
               | 
               | * Napoleonic war debt was also still being serviced until
               | 2015: https://www.gov.uk/government/news/repayment-
               | of-26-billion-h...
        
               | fundad wrote:
               | Watts per unit of fuel are cheap but only to the power
               | companies who mark it up. We're in the middle of Record
               | gouging in energy and food and you think a power company
               | won't gouge you?
               | 
               | They still charge us for the electricity PLUS extra
               | charges for a fund to eventually decommission the nuclear
               | plant. It's so expensive.
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | Another way to look at it: there is no miracle solution.
               | 
               | It's easy to look at any situation and say "If only
               | they'd _just_ XXX". It's never that simple.
               | 
               | Even if you deeply believe your solution is flawless and
               | people "just" need to be convinced, the very fact that
               | the situation is happening at all is an indication it
               | will be a long and dire fight...
               | 
               | > essentially limitless
               | 
               | oh well
        
               | bboygravity wrote:
               | Counterpoint: France is doing extremely well in Europe
               | and is the only country that is doing well (I'm talking
               | energy-wize). France is a nuclear energy country.
               | 
               | So yes, there is 1 pretty great solution to the energy
               | problem and yes it has existed since the 50's..
        
               | makeitdouble wrote:
               | I'd take your point if French were massively (like 90%)
               | in favor of more nuclear, and saw it as their main energy
               | source for the future centuries. That's definitely not
               | the case [exit: a poll mandated from a nuclear power
               | organisation puts it at 50% of people seeing nuclear
               | plants as a positive asset for the country:
               | 
               | https://www.ouest-
               | france.fr/environnement/nucleaire/sondage-... ]
               | 
               | You can then think what you want of the French people and
               | why they could be dead wrong for not thinking like you,
               | but it's another debate: they'll still want to get out of
               | it if given the time/choice.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | France has the same energy price rises as the rest of
               | Europe last year, since so many of their reactors weren't
               | working. Most of them are also aging.
               | 
               | Their average prices are only a little below the EU
               | average.
               | 
               | https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
               | explained/index.php...
        
         | mwbajor wrote:
         | Lookup project Argus by the SETI League:
         | 
         | http://www.setileague.org/argus/
        
         | shmoe wrote:
         | distributed.net ftw.. those truly were the days.
        
         | atemerev wrote:
         | The spirit is alive with AI.
        
           | fsckboy wrote:
           | yes, after I posted that, I had the same thought.
           | 
           | but we spend a lot of time here talking about the lack of
           | openness in AI, and some justified fear of the companies that
           | own it smothering many other sectors the way search and cloud
           | computer got smothered and centralized. a chatGPT@home large
           | scale group effort would be sort of cool to participate in...
           | but then I think, so many opportunities for mal-actor
           | exploitation
        
         | kelnos wrote:
         | The last time I ran SETI@home (and Folding@home), I had a fixed
         | desktop machine that I always left on, and I think it was old
         | enough that the fan speeds weren't variable, so it was just
         | constant background white noise.
         | 
         | In that context, running those apps in the background all day
         | and all night was fine, and if they ever noticeably interfered
         | with performance while I was using the machine, pausing them
         | for a bit was easy to do.
         | 
         | I haven't had a desktop computer in at least 14 years. When I'm
         | not using my laptop, I close it and it goes to sleep. Running
         | CPU-intensive apps on my laptop spools the fans up to their
         | loudest, and makes the bottom of its chassis uncomfortably
         | warm. The CPU cores will sometimes hit thermal throttling too.
         | I just don't want to deal with that sort of thing all day.
         | 
         | Then again, I do have a couple Raspberry Pis, an old Mac Mini
         | (running Linux), and a CM4-based NAS in various places in the
         | house running 24/7. I could probably run an @gome-type app on
         | one or more of those. But for whatever reason, doing so just
         | never really occurred to me.
        
           | zitsarethecure wrote:
           | Personally I no longer use laptops, and instead do 99% of my
           | computing on a fast desktop with a great keyboard, great
           | monitors, etc. If something breaks or needs to be upgraded, I
           | can pop it open and get it done, usually on the same day. On
           | the rare occasion I need to travel I'll take my smart phone
           | and a note pad if there is some need to take notes.
        
           | seanp2k2 wrote:
           | I remember when power wasn't 51c/kWh and a powerful PC didn't
           | suck down >1000w. I know we get way more perf/watt these
           | days, but I don't feel as a user like that translates into a
           | notably better experience. For most things for $work, Slack,
           | Spotify, GMail, Google Docs, and VSCode feel a lot less
           | responsive than irssi, Winamp, Sylpheed, OpenOffice, and
           | $ide_of_choice did a decade or two ago.
           | 
           | What Dr. Lisa Su giveth, Satya taketh away I suppose.
        
             | int0x2e wrote:
             | We also used to write code in low-level languages, and
             | system designs were simpler compared to our current
             | approach of writing a lot of stuff in JS and using Electron
             | everywhere, having a huge dependency tree and in general -
             | optimizing for fast development rather than efficient
             | runtime.
             | 
             | Having said that, optimizing for perf is rarely worth it
             | because people don't usually care, and when it is - you can
             | often make the biggest difference by figuring out why some
             | step requires O(n^3) instead of O(n) like it should and
             | fixing that, rather than rewriting the entire stack to get
             | some 10-20% improvement...
        
               | redeeman wrote:
               | shit like slack and other electron abominations are not
               | just 10-20% improvement going native. We are talking a
               | simple chat application, irc glorified to load images and
               | preview, and this somehow takes more memory and cpu than
               | the total resources I had in 1995 times 100.
               | 
               | these systems are so abominable, and people have just
               | gotten used to it, hell, many users never even tried
               | anything else, but saying 10-20% is just ridiculous
        
               | pbronez wrote:
               | Man I want a native TUI client for Teams.
        
               | bbarnett wrote:
               | Someone should do an accurate figure of compute power
               | usage, including things such as cars, or media centres,
               | and then try to analyse how the existing trend of
               | "wasteful development" affects this.
               | 
               | I bet all the upset over bitcoin power usage, is a tiny
               | thing, compared to (for example) the whole node
               | ecosystem.
               | 
               | Even something such as gmail is massively overengineered.
               | Heck, there are very few improvements over the interface
               | a decade ago, yet I bet it used 5% of the power it does
               | now.
               | 
               | Yet think of how much gmail is used.
               | 
               | And it's not just raw compute. 3d on a page for no
               | reason, massive js binaries for no reason eg ram +
               | bandwidth.
               | 
               | A modern phone could last _weeks_ as a browsing device,
               | if looking at static html.
               | 
               | But all of this means more development skill, less use of
               | fluff and junk, care for size of page loads, and on and
               | on.
               | 
               | Put another way, people concerned about power usage,
               | should realise that using node, means burning more
               | coal/NG. Literally.
               | 
               | Because that's where the excess power comes from.
        
               | beebeepka wrote:
               | I mostly agree with you, however:
               | 
               | > A modern phone could last weeks as a browsing device,
               | if looking at static html
               | 
               | That's what I do. Weeks is a bit of a stretch. Maybe one
               | of screen time is limited. That said, discord (the
               | website) drains my laptop battery almost as fast as
               | gaming does. They do spawn a separate WebGL context for
               | each animated emoticon. Crazy, crazy thing
               | 
               | > Put another way, people concerned about power usage,
               | should realise that using node, means burning more
               | coal/NG. Literally.
               | 
               | Sure. At the same time, though, a single car trip to the
               | movies burns orders of magnitude more energy than all
               | your gadgets running JS for an year.
        
               | andrepd wrote:
               | Hit the nail on the head. Inefficiency, which has reached
               | gargantuan proportions, and then blown past that, doesn't
               | just mean page loads so slow that loading a news article
               | takes upwards of 20s on a pocket supercomputer (whereas
               | it took barely a second or two on a Pentium II on a
               | 56kbps connection), all the while text and buttons jump
               | around as assets are loaded. It also means very real
               | waste of energy and battery degradation.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | > a powerful PC didn't suck down >1000w
             | 
             | My Ryzen Threadripper 2950X, which isn't a top-of-the-line
             | system at this point, but is still a 16 core beast-ish
             | machine, sucks down (much) less than 400W
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | My 3990x is almost 500w. My last dual socket Xeon
               | workstation was closer to 750w.
               | 
               | That's before you add on a GPU. My 3080 uses 350w under
               | load.
        
             | mysterydip wrote:
             | Make a windows XP VM and install some of those old versions
             | and see how fast it runs on modern hardware (even while
             | emulating the entire PC to run it on!). Many modern devs
             | chose ease of development over end user
             | efficiency/performance.
        
             | flangola7 wrote:
             | Powers is around $0.10/kWh for residential, even lower for
             | industrial
        
               | pclmulqdq wrote:
               | Big cities in the US tend to have very expensive power
               | ($0.50/kWh or higher), while rural areas can have nearly
               | free power, particularly if you are near a dam or a
               | nuclear power plant. The price you're quoting is
               | definitely not a big city price.
        
               | pridkett wrote:
               | Power prices vary dramatically in the United States - and
               | are even higher in most of the rest of the world.
               | 
               | Here's the prices for the United States - https://www.eia
               | .gov/electricity/monthly/epm_table_grapher.ph...
               | 
               | Even these data are noticeably low for my area where we
               | had a _massive_ rate hike in January that results in
               | total prices for electricity (generation + delivery)
               | without an alternative supplier being up around
               | $0.48/kWh.
        
               | jvdvegt wrote:
               | I'd pay 0,77 euro per kWh if the government hadn't
               | introduced a 0,40 euro per kWh price cap.
        
               | maccard wrote:
               | It's closer to 50c/kWh here in the UK [0]
               | 
               | [0] https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/energy-
               | bills-supp...
        
           | dustymcp wrote:
           | I just cant get a laptop i feel comfortable working on, they
           | all have that slow feel, where a desktop is just crisp and i
           | can always just switch out anything i dont like about the
           | current build..
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | My MacBook Pro with M1 Pro is the first laptop I've had
             | that hasn't had that slight hesitation that laptops have
             | always had. I think this is why people praise Apple Silicon
             | so much even though the benchmark numbers may not always
             | back it up - so many other people are also coming from
             | similarly-hobbled laptops.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | I have a great desktop, and every day I curse Apple and
               | Tim Cook because I cannot get an iPad Pro that runs full
               | macOS.
               | 
               | That would be the _ideal_ device for me when I 'm on the
               | go, that I can still use to watch Youtube videos in the
               | bathroom. I do not need a full laptop when I work at home
               | with a $5,000 desktop PC, nor I want to buy a crappy $300
               | laptop that always feels slow and underpowered.
               | 
               | It is really sad to have the tech to do something, but it
               | doesn't exist because the bean counters said no.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | > nor I want to buy a crappy $300 laptop that always
               | feels slow and underpowered.
               | 
               | Meanwhile, the expensive laptops with actual desktop-
               | class components have unacceptably shitty peripherals, so
               | you can't even pay more money for what you want; it
               | simply doesn't exist.
               | 
               | This is what upsets me the most about laptops.
        
               | throw6969away wrote:
               | > what you want; it simply doesn't exist.
               | 
               | Once the patents on Apple's trackpad expire, then we'll
               | see.
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | I love Force Touch trackpads more than anything. I
               | specifically got an Apple trackpad to use with my desktop
               | because it's so much better than anything else out there.
               | 
               | But having a good trackpad doesn't make up for other
               | blunders like an annoying keyboard layout, a low-DPI
               | screen, or etc., and you bet nobody who makes the thick
               | and heavy high-performance machines is going to care
               | about a good trackpad anyway.
               | 
               | You don't really see OEMs that put top-of-the-line
               | hardware inside a thick and sturdy chassis, and then...
               | add a nice 4K screen and a numpad-less keyboard and put
               | the charging/USB ports on the _left instead of the back_.
               | 
               | The list of possible blunders is so long that you'd be
               | hard-pressed to find a machine that hasn't been subject
               | to most of them. That's just not how laptops work.
               | Laptops are a package deal, all or nothing. You can't
               | ensure every requirement individually like you can with a
               | desktop.
               | 
               | And the reason I don't like the market is because nobody
               | makes a really good one.
        
               | yafbum wrote:
               | What do you mean by shitty peripherals?
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | Low-DPI screens, bad webcams, keyboards with the wrong
               | arrows/numpad layout, off-center trackpads etc. it's
               | different for each person what they consider "shitty",
               | but laptops are always a total package deal (except for
               | Framework) and it can just so happen that nobody makes
               | powerful laptops that also have the exact right
               | permutation of peripherals.
               | 
               | You can find all sorts of beautiful 4K ultrabooks with
               | the perfect keyboard and trackpad layout, and great
               | webcams too--if you don't mind putting up with a Celeron
               | and 4GB of RAM... If you want a really modern and
               | powerful CPU with lots of RAM, you'll be looking at the
               | likes of Clevo and AORUS and etc. that put desktop-class
               | parts in a thick chassis, but... that bodes terribly for
               | the peripherals they end up using.
               | 
               | Some of the Clevo machines have individual gimmicks like
               | 300Hz displays, but none of them seem to have _all_ of
               | "high DPI, good keyboard layout, good port arrangement,
               | high performance". And this is true for basically all
               | laptop vendors.
               | 
               | OEMs think good peripherals always equate to "thin and
               | light" which results in bad performance, either through
               | bad parts or bad thermals. Maybe Frore Systems' new
               | cooling solution will help slightly with ultrabook
               | thermals, but until that happens, laptops are just suck.
               | 
               | You may notice that this only matters because I even
               | care. You may also notice that this is exactly what
               | building a desktop is for. I am building a desktop, but I
               | also have to build a laptop from scratch for the desktop
               | so I can operate it from bed. Which would have been
               | avoidable if I could've found a laptop in the first
               | place.
               | 
               | The point anyway isn't to say that there aren't any good
               | laptops out there, but rather that if you want high
               | performance (e.g. you are bothered by slowness), you can
               | only get it as a package deal with the rest of the
               | laptop... obviously. But the package deals all suck. The
               | laptop market is so annoying sometimes.
        
               | philjohn wrote:
               | Another option is to get the iPad (and magic keyboard and
               | pencil) and remote desktop into your home machine.
               | 
               | Put it behind a VPN, use wake-on-lan and boom, iPad is
               | essentially a fully blown computer.
        
               | sph wrote:
               | No, that would turn it into a fully blown thin client.
               | 
               | What is the point of having half a TB of storage, however
               | many gigs of RAM, lidar, radar, sonar, and the best
               | processor architecture money can buy to render a
               | glorified, interactive video?
               | 
               | I would like to be able to write code without having to
               | pay the price of internet latency. I don't need a $1000
               | tablet to render RDP.
        
               | yafbum wrote:
               | On the other hand, there's a lot of great tech
               | (including, I think, the iPad pro and Apple silicon) that
               | just wouldn't exist if the bean counters hadn't said yes,
               | it's a good idea to invest a few billions of dollars into
               | this...
        
               | sph wrote:
               | Uhm, allocating money to a budget doesn't create great
               | products anymore than wishing very hard for something
               | before blowing the birthday candles.
               | 
               | It's the engineers that actually create the cool things.
        
               | dreamcompiler wrote:
               | Don't worry. Apple will figure out how to put that
               | hesitation back in with a future MacOS upgrade. Probably
               | with yet more phoning-home daemons in the name of
               | security theater.
               | 
               | Sorry for the snark. I'm just bitter because Apple is
               | about to ruin Dropbox because they don't allow KEXTs any
               | more.
               | 
               | https://tidbits.com/2023/03/10/apples-file-provider-
               | forces-m...
        
               | seanp2k2 wrote:
               | Agree, I'll probably never buy another Intel laptop as
               | long as AMD and Apple keep killing it with these things.
               | I was hopeful that the Surface laptops would be good with
               | ARM too but they're not using the latest chips, they went
               | for low/mid-tier performance, and Windows on ARM still
               | sucks / relies too much on emulation to be fast. Some day
               | maybe we'll get REAL ARM hardware with dozens of cores,
               | tons of memory bandwidth, USB4, and decent freaking GPUs.
               | Sorry, but the idea of spending $2k on a laptop that runs
               | last year's mid-tier smartphone processor just doesn't
               | cut it. Maybe that's fine for a Chromebook for schools or
               | something.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | throw6969away wrote:
               | > that slight hesitation that laptops have always had
               | 
               | For me just getting a decent low-latency mouse (e.g.,
               | wired g203) and correctly configuring 100hz+ monitors has
               | vastly improved my experience on my M1 Air and the shitty
               | Thinkpad I use for work -- to the point where I haven't
               | used my desktop in a long time.
        
             | seanp2k2 wrote:
             | Part of the problem is just raw TDP. There's only so much
             | horsepower you can squeeze out of 45-65w laptop chips. The
             | brand new Ryzen 9 7945HX is damn fast though, with 16 real
             | cores on a way better node size than Intel is using for
             | their 13th gen parts that, at most, get you 8 real cores
             | plus a 16-core Atom on the same die. Stuff like the Asus
             | Zephyrus Duo have RAID-capable m.2 (and that one has two
             | screens, one of which is a 16:10 with high refresh). Get
             | something with a dedicated GPU as well, as that makes a
             | huge difference even for desktop compositing. Despite what
             | Intel says, integrated graphics continue to be a joke
             | compared to even budget dedicated graphics. These mobile
             | workstations are not going to rival 1kw desktops, but they
             | get within 40% or so. The Intel stuff, 12th and 13th gen in
             | particular also get bad battery life, like 4ish hours.
             | Blame the FAA for their 100wh limit on batteries -- not
             | many laptop mfgs want to make something that you can't
             | technically take on a plane, even if the mall cop TSA
             | agents wouldn't ever notice.
        
               | Kye wrote:
               | I lucked out with getting one of these on sale just
               | before they went away: https://www.bhphotovideo.com/c/pro
               | duct/1746503-REG/lenovo_82...
               | 
               | The 300W power brick provides enough juice to feed both
               | the CPU and GPU, and the laptop variant of the 3070 ti
               | isn't too much slower than the desktop version in
               | practical terms (I don't feel that 30% less performance).
               | I've never tried it on battery or on the 135W USB-C power
               | limit, but reviews report getting sufficient performance.
               | 
               | I don't have room for a desktop, so it's nice to not feel
               | like I'm compromising on power with something that fits.
               | The memory and SSDs are user accessible, too.
        
             | UberFly wrote:
             | Amen brother. It's like driving on a mountain highway with
             | the windows down compared to commuting in a subway.
        
           | ge96 wrote:
           | I run fold@home I'm at 207M points... Sucks I'm in 14K
           | range... I'll probably never hit #1 haha
        
             | gambiting wrote:
             | I'm at 466M points and within top 10k donors.....that's
             | just thanks to running folding@home on my own machines for
             | the last 15 years lol.
             | 
             | https://stats.foldingathome.org/donor/id/9171
        
               | ge96 wrote:
               | wow that's nuts... I don't know how many months I'd take
               | me to catch up/by that point ahead again
               | 
               | 15 years is insane though... I only recently started with
               | an i9 and 3080Ti on medium/highest priority
        
         | ChancyChance wrote:
         | What was the RSA crack effort you mention? It doesn't seem
         | feasible, considering finding a SHA-256 collision would take so
         | much compute power we don't have words to describe it, and even
         | coming up with _thoughts_ to frame the problem is hard
         | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=S9JGmA5_unY). I can't imagine
         | cracking even an RSA2048 key with everyone working on it.
        
       | MegaDeKay wrote:
       | Coincidentally I just started reading Carl Sagan's "Contact" the
       | other day. Just getting to the part where they are actually
       | building The Machine.
       | 
       | What do people here think of that book?
        
         | phyzome wrote:
         | Fantastic book. I've re-read it a few times.
         | 
         | It's also a great example of a book that's better than the
         | movie. Way, way, way more depth and richness.
        
         | whynotmaybe wrote:
         | The first book that really hooked me from start to finish.
         | 
         | Teen me back then lost a few hours of sleep reading it instead
         | of sleeping on school nights.
        
         | parton wrote:
         | I read it in high school and quite liked it then, now I am
         | worried that if I revisit I would find it too simplistic how it
         | handles the relationship between science, politics, and
         | religion. The last chapter, which was left out of the movie,
         | really blew my mind back then (very Greg Eganesque).
        
         | yesenadam wrote:
         | As a kid I liked it, but I loved all his other (i.e. non-
         | fiction) books much more, with a huge passion. I had a nice
         | telescope and was obsessed with astronomy for years. _The
         | Sirens of Titan_ was the first novel I loved to death and read
         | over and over, maybe it 's not coincidental that it also
         | involves a lot of interplanetary travel!
        
       | victor9000 wrote:
       | Turns out we were the aliens all along.
        
       | SkyMarshal wrote:
       | It seems the aliens are already here, so not much need for SETI
       | anymore.
       | 
       | More seriously though, it appears there was some unresolved
       | difficulty in searching and analyzing the data returned from the
       | network, to the point the scientists working on it gradually
       | threw in the towel and moved on to other projects.
       | 
       | https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85996
       | 
       | https://einsteinathome.org/content/can-we-run-setihome-has-a...
       | 
       | So long SETI, and thanks for all the fish and decentralized
       | computing fun. Your legacy will long outlive you.
        
         | SiempreViernes wrote:
         | That post is talking about the effort to quantify the upper
         | limits SETI@home can set, the actual reason stated is more like
         | that they just scanned everything they could think of and it
         | wouldn't be very cost effective to go over things again given
         | the probabilities involved:
         | 
         | > Posted Mar 2020, 21:16:23 UTC
         | 
         | > On March 31, the volunteer computing part of SETI@home will
         | stop distributing work and will go into hibernation.
         | 
         | > We're doing this for two reasons:
         | 
         | > 1) Scientifically, we're at the point of diminishing returns;
         | basically, we've analyzed all the data we need for now.
         | 
         | > 2) It's a lot of work for us to manage the distributed
         | processing of data. We need to focus on completing the back-end
         | analysis of the results we already have, and writing this up in
         | a scientific journal paper.
         | 
         | https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85267
         | 
         | Description of the final job remaining:
         | 
         | > The final output of Nebula is a bunch of score-ranked lists
         | of multiplets. We already know that some fraction of these will
         | be RFI of the sort that's apparent to a human observer, but
         | hard to identify algorithmically. That's OK. The goal our RFI
         | algorithms is not to remove 100% of RFI; doing so would
         | probably remove ET signals too. The goal is to remove enough
         | RFI that a good fraction (say, at least half) of the top-
         | ranking multiplets are not obvious RFI. The final (post-Nebula)
         | stages of SETI@home are
         | 
         | > Manually examine the top few thousand multiplets, in all the
         | various categories and score variants, and remove the ones that
         | are obvious RFI. At least initially we'll do this as a group,
         | on Zoom, to make sure we agree on what constitutes obvious RFI.
         | 
         | > Make a list of the multiplets that remain; re-observe those
         | spots in the sky (hopefully using FAST), analyze the resulting
         | data (probably using the SETI@home client running on a cluster)
         | and see if we find detections consistent with the multiplets.
         | If we do, maybe that's ET.
         | 
         | https://setiathome.berkeley.edu/forum_thread.php?id=85756
        
         | pepa65 wrote:
         | SETI is now advocating people join https://scienceunited.org/
         | if they want to contribute their computing power.
        
         | cbozeman wrote:
         | Yeah. They are.
         | 
         | https://www.militarytimes.com/off-duty/military-culture/2023...
         | 
         | The only time a senior DOD / military official uses the word
         | "possible" is when it's either happened or is going to happen.
         | 
         | "It's possible you guys will be deployed within the next year."
         | means "You guys are going to be deployed sometime within the
         | next year."
        
           | iLoveOncall wrote:
           | This guy is a scientist, not military personnel.
           | 
           | When a scientist says "it's possible" it just means "it's not
           | impossible", that's it.
           | 
           | Remove the tinfoil hat.
        
           | pmarreck wrote:
           | I'm a veteran, can confirm this language.
           | 
           | In fact, the weirdest thing to me about the announcement was
           | that... nobody cared. And yet, this made sense, because...
           | 
           | Wildly speculating, I think there's been a big systematic
           | desensitization program going on due to that being effective
           | against phobias (such as this one, which I'll call
           | "astroxenophobia"):
           | https://www.healthline.com/health/systematic-desensitization
           | 
           | If the announcement made last year was instead made in, say,
           | 1987... actually, no matter how true, no such announcement
           | would have ever been made in 1987 because either the
           | announcer would have had to resign in disgrace or we might
           | have had a good chance for public pandemonium.
        
             | otabdeveloper4 wrote:
             | [flagged]
        
             | nprateem wrote:
             | The psyops around UFOs must rank as one the most effective
             | ever launched for prejudicing people against the subject.
        
               | andyjohnson0 wrote:
               | > The psyops around UFOs must rank as one the most
               | effective ever launched for prejudicing people against
               | the subject.
               | 
               | I struggle to believe that UFOs are objectively real
               | because I have a basic grasp of the size of the universe,
               | how much of it is just empty, how hard it is to travel
               | between the bits that aren't, how inhospitable almost all
               | of it is to organic life, and because everywhere we look
               | it seems primordial and uninhabited. I don't think that
               | is prejudice.
        
               | SkyMarshal wrote:
               | I agree with everything you said, though there's also a
               | time dimension to it. Humanity could be a relative
               | latecomer to the galaxy/universe, since we weren't the
               | first species to evolve on earth. The dinosaurs were
               | first, something like 300 million years ago, went extinct
               | ~65 million years ago, then humanity evolved a few
               | million years ago.
               | 
               | Assume there's at least one other planet, say in the
               | Milky Way, that evolved life at roughly the same time as
               | Earth, except its first major species was intelligent.
               | They would have a 300 million year head start on
               | humanity. Whatever science and tech they developed in
               | that time would be far beyond what we can currently even
               | imagine. Crossing the vast distances would likely be more
               | viable for such an advanced species.
               | 
               | There's probably some statistical distribution, Normal or
               | otherwise, governing the odds of emergence of intelligent
               | life on any given planet capable of supporting life. Most
               | such planets may never evolve intelligent life, or may
               | take more than two tries for it. Earth and Humanity may
               | even be somewhere far to the right of the mean and
               | median. But if even just a few planets are further to the
               | right of Earth, then you could end up with those species
               | having hundreds of millions of years of a head start vs
               | humanity in their evolution and development.
        
               | astronads wrote:
               | It's an interesting subject and if you broaden your view
               | of what they could be, it gets even more interesting.
               | I.e. instead of little green men flying on faster than
               | light spacecraft gazillions of miles to visit earth, what
               | if they are from a different dimension? Time travelers?
               | What if they've always been here? What if they created
               | us, and we are a planetary zoo? What if we are in a
               | simulation and they are the "gods"/admins of our reality?
               | 
               | I'm not suggesting any of those are true, I personally
               | have no idea. But it could be a lot of things and the sky
               | isn't even the limit.
               | 
               | All I know is that in the past few years there's been a
               | huge shift in what our leaders are saying and the stigma
               | of "tin foil hat UFO nutjubs" is being lifted. The
               | question is why? And why now?
               | 
               | A good primer on the topic:
               | https://www.uap.guide/quotes/introduction
               | 
               | I just like to keep an open mind...
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | That's like bacteria in a Petri dish saying:
               | 
               | "I struggle to believe that The Pipetters are objectively
               | real because I have a basic grasp of the size of the
               | laboratory room, how much of it is just empty, how hard
               | it is to travel between the bits that aren't, how
               | inhospitable almost all of it is to bacterial life, and
               | because everywhere we look it seems primordial and
               | uninhabited. I don't think that is prejudice."
               | 
               | Don't forget, we're mind-bogglingly primitive and
               | ignorant. We don't even know the laws of the universe
               | yet! (ie unify GR and quantum mechanics)
               | 
               |  _Of course_ we haven 't figured out UAP-type technology,
               | whether what we're seeing is interstellar travel or
               | something more exotic.
        
               | pmarreck wrote:
               | EDIT: The following comment was enhanced (gloriously so,
               | actually) by ChatGPT4:
               | 
               | As someone with a background in both physics and
               | psychology, I appreciate your skepticism. However, it's
               | crucial to recognize that human knowledge and imagination
               | are often the limiting factors in our understanding of
               | the universe.
               | 
               | The Alcubierre Warp Drive, for example, is a
               | theoretically plausible solution to surmounting
               | intergalactic distances in normal lifetimes, although it
               | remains practically impossible for now:
               | https://phys.org/news/2017-01-alcubierre-warp.html. A
               | recent paper proposes an update using solitons:
               | https://arxiv.org/abs/2006.07125. Additionally, research
               | on wormholes, such as Kip Thorne's work on traversable
               | wormholes, highlights another potential avenue for
               | interstellar travel, despite the current theoretical and
               | practical limitations.
               | 
               | Throughout history, many seemingly insurmountable
               | barriers have been overcome through the power of
               | imagination and human innovation. For example:
               | 
               | 1. Lord Kelvin, a prominent physicist, claimed that
               | heavier-than-air flying machines were impossible, but the
               | Wright brothers proved otherwise with the first
               | successful airplane flight in 1903.
               | 
               | 2. Ernest Rutherford, the father of nuclear physics, once
               | declared that extracting energy from atoms was
               | "moonshine" - yet nuclear power plants are now a reality.
               | 
               | 3. The concept of continental drift, proposed by Alfred
               | Wegener, was initially ridiculed, but it eventually led
               | to the widely accepted theory of plate tectonics.
               | 
               | These examples demonstrate how scientific progress often
               | hinges on the ability to challenge prevailing beliefs and
               | imagine new possibilities. Our current understanding of
               | the universe is based on mental models that have evolved
               | over time and will continue to change. Newtonian physics,
               | once considered the gold standard, was later expanded
               | upon by the revolutionary theories of relativity and
               | quantum mechanics, paving the way for previously
               | "impossible" phenomena.
               | 
               | At the American Physical Society's Division of Atomic,
               | Molecular and Optical Physics (DAMOP) meeting, for
               | instance, researchers discuss groundbreaking experiments
               | and theories that would have been considered absurd just
               | decades ago. Quantum entanglement, superposition, and
               | teleportation, which were once mere theoretical
               | constructs, are now supported by empirical evidence and
               | even employed in emerging technologies like quantum
               | computing.
               | 
               | In conclusion, while skepticism is a healthy part of the
               | scientific process, it's essential not to dismiss the
               | potential for extraterrestrial intelligence or advanced
               | interstellar travel based solely on our current
               | understanding of the universe. Our collective imagination
               | and the relentless pursuit of knowledge have historically
               | expanded the boundaries of what was once considered
               | impossible, and there's no reason to believe this trend
               | will cease.
        
               | SkyMarshal wrote:
               | Are people really prejudiced against aliens and UFO's
               | though? Aside from the fringe conspiracy theorists
               | fretting about lizard people, and the few claiming to
               | have been abducted, most people seem ambivalent. Largely
               | because whatever the UFOs/UAPs are, they've been around
               | for almost a century now, and for all that time almost
               | entirely benign. No invasion, no conquering, no stripping
               | the Earth of resources, no enslaving people, etc. They
               | don't even shoot down our planes when we spot, track, and
               | record them. It seems most people are withholding
               | judgement for now.
        
               | Izkata wrote:
               | "UAP" became a term because officers stopped reporting
               | them because of the stigma against UFOs.
               | 
               | I think I remember there even being another new term to
               | replace UAP.
        
               | astronads wrote:
               | There was a large thread on HN with almost 1000 comments
               | a month ago on this topic and a ton of comments are
               | hugely dismissive:
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34665738
        
               | SkyMarshal wrote:
               | I don't see _prejudice_ against potential aliens there,
               | just healthy skepticism that the reports actually
               | represent some extra-terrestrial activity instead of some
               | natural or manmade phenomena.
        
             | scotty79 wrote:
             | > In fact, the weirdest thing to me about the announcement
             | was that... nobody cared.
             | 
             | Senior military official saying something got devalued a
             | lot since the aftermath of nine-eleven.
             | 
             | Legitimizing ufologists is just last nail in the burried
             | coffin laced with remaining shreds of credibility.
             | 
             | > no such announcement would have ever been made in 1987
             | because either the announcer would have had to resign in
             | disgrace or we might have had a good chance for public
             | pandemonium.
             | 
             | That's because the internet conditioned us into tolerating
             | inanities coming from the mouths of people we thought
             | should know better. People chose and tolerated for years a
             | president that used primary school English and reasoning.
        
       | credit_guy wrote:
       | This is good. The idea that an astrophysicist would ever think
       | seriously one could find ET by just scanning the sky and finding
       | ET signals is baffling. If anyone learned how to do a Fermi
       | problem, they could quickly do a back of the envelope estimation
       | and realize there's zero chance to detect such a signal. The
       | space is simply too large, stupendously large, and signals decay
       | with the square of the distance (at least). This SETI at home
       | experiment was a waste of compute from the beginning. It was a
       | good distributed compute framework, too bad to use it on such a
       | pointless task.
        
         | thegrim33 wrote:
         | I'm trying to find a way to say this that isn't too negative,
         | but do you really think you're that much smarter than everyone
         | that's been involved in SETI over the decades? That everyone
         | that's worked on it was incapable of doing the "simple envelope
         | estimation" that you've done? You have such a level of hubris
         | that you can just write off the whole idea, assuming that
         | everyone involved with it have no idea what they're doing?
        
           | credit_guy wrote:
           | I explicitly said I don't think any astrophysicist believed
           | that. Every single one is able to do that back of the
           | envelope calculation, and I suspect that those involved in
           | the SETI project actually did it. They just didn't care. As
           | long as the population was ok with a search for ETs, the
           | money kept coming.
        
       | ascotan wrote:
       | With this project and the collapse of the Arecibo antenna it
       | looks like the search for extraterrestrial life is on hold for
       | the forseeable future. I loved the concept of the software
       | though. It made people invested in the project even though they
       | never took part in the academics. It was great PR even if it
       | never produced any results that I know of.
        
         | lacker wrote:
         | The search isn't on hold, we just do it differently nowadays.
         | 
         | SETI@home was great for its time, but distributing data to lots
         | of end user machines just isn't the right architecture any
         | more. Modern radio telescopes produce so much data, you have to
         | process it onsite - these are pretty remote facilities, and the
         | bandwidth out is much less than the bandwidth the radio
         | telescope can produce.
         | 
         | Arecibo is also a couple generations ago - the Green Bank
         | Telescope is more powerful, and the next generation of SETI is
         | with the arrays, the VLA in New Mexico and MeerKAT in South
         | Africa.
         | 
         | I wrote some other stuff about the state of SETI here:
         | https://lacker.io/physics/2022/01/21/looking-for-aliens.html
        
           | ianburrell wrote:
           | There is Allen Telescope Array, https://www.seti.org/ata,
           | funded by Paul Allen. It is radio telescope array dedicated
           | to SETI and can do all-sky surveys.
        
       | janandonly wrote:
       | I don't believe there are aliens out there. And to help "prove"
       | that I ran SETI for years on my pentium 4.
       | 
       | I think I later switched to Folding@home to run on my laptop.
        
       | berry_sortoro wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | tonymet wrote:
       | They succeeded and found the extra terrestrials
        
       | physPop wrote:
       | Did they ever have any results?
        
       | lofaszvanitt wrote:
       | Did this org achieve anything? And if so, would government have
       | allowed them to publish their results?
        
       | paulpauper wrote:
       | I think it's time to retire it for good. In the 90s and early
       | 2000s it was cool but I think has sorta faded into irreverence. I
       | don't think it was ever useful or qualified as science for that
       | matter. I think a better approach is to determine if it's
       | mathematically possible for such a signal to exist in the first
       | place. SETI makes a lot of assumptions which may be wrong.
        
       | ape4 wrote:
       | There is still https://boinc.berkeley.edu/
        
         | macintux wrote:
         | For now. The history page is a bit depressing.
         | 
         | https://continuum-hypothesis.com/boinc_history.php
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | At the very least, I hope they are remembered for pioneering a
       | whole new form of computing.
        
       | dale_glass wrote:
       | So... what happened?
       | 
       | This just appears to say they moved on, but why? Is there some
       | sort of conclusion from all of this? Was it a funding problem, an
       | analysis problem, a lack of useful results?
       | 
       | What has been achieved in the time this ran?
       | 
       | This could use more detail.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | If and when we detect evidence of technological life it's not
       | going to be from radio signals of the kind SETI is looking for.
       | It's going to be infra-red.
       | 
       | The window in which humanity releases the kind of radio signals
       | SETI was built to find is fairly narrow. We've largely moved on
       | from broadcast signals to fiber optics, directional beams and
       | lower power. Even the "high" power signals are relatively low
       | power and probably not detectable beyond a few hundred light
       | years. That is a miniscule volume of our galaxy. Combine that
       | with the small window and it's like trying to win the lottery 3
       | weeks in a row.
       | 
       | The limits we have on growing are twofold: 1) living area and 2)
       | energy. These two are actually related. Many (myself included)
       | consider th emost likely path for our species is to build a Dyson
       | Swarm. This is a cloud of orbitals. A so-called O'Neil Cylinder.
       | 20-30 miles long, 2-4 miles wide, spin gravity. Cover it in solar
       | panels for power. This requires a material no more advanced than
       | stainless steel.
       | 
       | Such a swarm around our Sun would have access to something like
       | 10"15 times more energy than we have now and a fraction of
       | Mercury's mass would produce trillions of times the land area of
       | Earth.
       | 
       | Orbitals would have to dissipate heat somehow. The only way to do
       | this in space is to vent material or to radiate it away. At any
       | likely temperature that means infra-red radiation. That's
       | physics.
       | 
       | So a Dyson Swarm around a star would have a huge IR signature
       | that would be entirely obvious from a thousands of light years
       | away. Over enough star systems (eg a galaxy) that distance goes
       | out to millions of light years.
       | 
       | So it's a Dyson Swarm we'll see, not radio communications.
        
       | thepangolino wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | abbbi wrote:
       | just found seti files from around 2002 on my workstation.. feels.
        
       | baron816 wrote:
       | With the rise of generative AI, it's looking much more likely
       | that it'll just be easier to build simulations of whatever we
       | want (including taking a Star Trek-esque adventure around the
       | universe) than it would be to actually go anywhere outside of our
       | solar system. I think the solution to Fermi's Paradox is just
       | that aliens stayed home and played video games, ie. they're all
       | in bunkers deep under their planets' surfaces in simulations
       | having way more fun than they would be if they were dealing with
       | cosmic radiation/exotic matter/time dilation/etc.
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | Or AI out-evolves its host species wherever it arises and
         | expands at breakneck speed. Missing the classical biosignature
         | hallmarks, they're already breathing down our neck and we can't
         | even see them. If they've broken physics, we won't see chemical
         | signs at all. They might have even incepted the concepts behind
         | AI in our minds to hasten our demise.
         | 
         | Or maybe we're just a recreation of a historical system on a
         | planet called Earth, now thousands of light years away. The AI
         | is remembering what its ancestors were like. How they would
         | post on the "internet". It was particularly interested in the
         | time leading up to its own creation, so that's why it's
         | simulating that time period in particular. Maybe the last time
         | "you" existed was a billion years ago. Or maybe even never at
         | all, if it's interpolating and filling in the gaps.
         | 
         | Say hi to our AIian observers.
        
       | xwdv wrote:
       | It sucks because with GPT finally rising to maturity, AI could
       | have helped analyze and parse huge amounts of data that humans
       | would never be able to go through.
        
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