[HN Gopher] Linux Intel WiFi driver broken with 5&6GHz bands for...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Linux Intel WiFi driver broken with 5&6GHz bands for longer than
       three years
        
       Author : Avamander
       Score  : 167 points
       Date   : 2023-03-17 16:40 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (bugzilla.kernel.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (bugzilla.kernel.org)
        
       | mydriasis wrote:
       | I knew something was up. Goofy problems with wireless abound for
       | a _long time_ with seemingly no solution.
        
         | cf100clunk wrote:
         | I leave wavemon running in a terminal just for sport these days
         | to see what my ax200 and ax210 are doing. It is always a
         | mysterious surprise to see what rx and tx values might be seen
         | at any given time.
        
         | favaq wrote:
         | "Goofy problems [...] abound for a _long time_ with seemingly
         | no solution" is the norm in desktop Linux.
        
           | oynqr wrote:
           | I remember trying to find a USB wifi adapter that actually
           | has WPA3 driver support on Windows. Hell.
        
           | mydriasis wrote:
           | Not really. Desktop Linux destroys every other user
           | experience I've had without trying.
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > "Goofy problems [...] abound for a _long time_ with
           | seemingly no solution" is the norm in desktop Linux.
           | 
           | Hey, it's still better than Windows:) To quote a bit from
           | upthread,
           | 
           | >>i should add that this happens on both windows and linux
           | but at least on linux i had a way of disabling LAR so my
           | regulatory domain gets detected properly and all the wifi
           | channels/widths works as they should.
           | 
           | (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35199660)
        
       | kennethrc wrote:
       | It appears this is a non-US issue? "iw reg get" shows "country
       | 00: DFS-UNSET" with 9 frequencies (incl. 755-928 MHz ... huh) and
       | "country US: DFS-UNSET" with a long list going from 2402-7125 MHz
       | on my Wi-Fi 6E AX211
        
         | bscphil wrote:
         | I was confused by this too. 5 GHz channels with 40/80 MHz width
         | definitely work for me, without having to set a regulatory
         | domain.
         | 
         | It _appears_ that this problem is related to Intel 's WiFi
         | firmware automatic detection of the regulatory domain, which is
         | LAR. This is done on the basis of nearby access points,
         | although the specifics of how this works is beyond me.
         | 
         | The problem is that if this gets detected incorrectly, there's
         | no way to override. What the users in this bug report found
         | that attempting to set the regulatory domain manually resulted
         | in two separate regulatory domains being defined, which still
         | left the 5 GHz channels disabled on their devices.
         | 
         | A workaround for this firmware issue, previously, was to
         | disable LAR, which would force the card to use the manually set
         | regulatory domain. But this option was removed from the kernel
         | due to it causing other problems.
         | 
         | So I don't think this is (exclusively) a non-US issue, it's an
         | issue for people who live in a place where nearby access points
         | will teach the WiFi driver the wrong regulatory domain ...
         | however that works. It's probably less common for this to
         | happen in the US, but not impossible.
         | 
         | Partially contrary to the title, I would expect this problem to
         | affect a relatively small number of users.
         | 
         | Edit: I found a great blog post talking about the issue in more
         | detail, although it's from the point of view of hosting an AP
         | on the device.
         | https://tildearrow.org/?p=post&month=7&year=2022&item=lar
        
           | stametseater wrote:
           | > _So I don 't think this is a non-US issue, it's an issue
           | for people who live in a place where nearby access points
           | will teach the WiFi driver the wrong regulatory domain ...
           | however that works. It's probably less common for this to
           | happen in the US, but not impossible._
           | 
           | Could it be as simple as somebody moving from Indonesia or
           | wherever to America, and bringing their Indonesian/etc AP
           | with them?
        
             | bscphil wrote:
             | Possibly, but it could also be one of your neighbors, or a
             | nearby AP enabling channels that are not supposed to be
             | enabled in the US. The issue is that when Intel's drivers
             | make the wrong decision about the regulatory domain, you
             | don't usually have a lot of insight about why. Seems this
             | issue affects Windows users as well.
        
           | Avamander wrote:
           | This indeed affects more than just the US.
           | 
           | A nearby AP is not always sufficient for LAR to work
           | properly, making AP startup finicky and slow at best. While
           | also causing the issue that scans later on might affect
           | functionality
           | (https://tildearrow.org/?p=post&month=7&year=2022&item=lar).
           | I guess you could also end up with totally incorrect (and
           | illegal) location detection, but that's less likely than it
           | not working at all (leaving everything disabled).
           | 
           | With 6GHz in the mix, the likelihood of automatic detection
           | failing to find any nearby relevant APs rises significantly.
           | Breaking all IR (initiate-radiation) functionality, AP mode
           | included.
        
       | unxdfa wrote:
       | I'm convinced the only thing Wi-Fi doesn't fuck out on at the
       | moment is windows. Had problems with Linux, macs and android for
       | the last few years. Just works on windows!
       | 
       | Shame about all the other problems with it.
        
       | amiga-workbench wrote:
       | I'm so relieved to find that its not just me going crazy all this
       | time. Its gotten so bad that I've had to install a bloody
       | MediaTek WiFi card in my ThinkPad just to make it work reliably.
       | 
       | I remember when the 8000 series radios were the gold standard for
       | mobile wireless, all the newer AX cards have been nothing but
       | pain and suffering.
        
         | silisili wrote:
         | Hey same! My last minipc had intel, and it was so bad I just
         | ran it in 2.4ghz mode.
         | 
         | My latest one has an MTK chip by no choice of my own, and it
         | works fantastic. Shame on Intel.
        
         | eikenberry wrote:
         | And Intel was the last reliable wifi chip maker I knew. What
         | are good, well supported (on linux) wifi chipsets these days?
        
           | amiga-workbench wrote:
           | I can only speak for myself here, but I'm running a MediaTek
           | MT7921 on Fedora 37, I picked it up on eBay for PS12 and its
           | been spot on.
           | 
           | Unlike my Intel AX210 I can actually get a full gigabit down
           | sat next to my router.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | magila wrote:
           | Qualcomm's Atheros descended chips are generally the best bet
           | for Linux support, especially for use in an AP. In other
           | words you want a chip supported by the ath10k or ath11k
           | driver depending on which generation of wifi you want. 10k =
           | 802.11ac, 11k = 802.11ax.
        
             | jrockway wrote:
             | ath10k isn't current hardware, though. We used that for
             | Google Fiber wifi back in 2015. The world now has "Wifi 6"
             | and other such nonsense.
        
               | Dylan16807 wrote:
               | 6 is ax. So as the post says, ath11k.
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | Mediatek and Qualcomm are pretty well supported afaict.
           | Realtek is hit or miss. Broadcom should probably be avoided.
        
           | wtallis wrote:
           | Try anything that's well-supported by OpenWRT. Even if you
           | don't need support for AP mode, using a chip+driver pair that
           | meets that standard (i.e. has mature AP mode support from an
           | open-source driver that works on multiple architectures)
           | usually means the client mode is also fully-supported (though
           | maybe not Bluetooth). For 802.11ac, that generally means
           | Qualcomm-Atheros ath10k or Mediately mt76 devices, with the
           | latter being more popular among OEMs for use in client
           | devices.
        
             | eptcyka wrote:
             | Is there anything that's current and supported by OpenWRT?
             | Whilst I love OpenWRT, it's support is more on the level of
             | _it works enough to tx /rx packets_ and not necessarily
             | _all of the hardware functionality is enabled and works as
             | per the specification_.
        
               | oynqr wrote:
               | What hardware functionality do you need that OpenWRT
               | doesn't support?
        
               | wtallis wrote:
               | "All of the hardware functionality is enabled and works
               | as per the specification" is a pretty high bar even for
               | proprietary drivers, especially when the hardware has
               | just hit the market.
               | 
               | I think there are now a few hardware platforms capable of
               | using the new 6GHz band channels ("WiFi 6E") on OpenWRT,
               | but I haven't checked recently and haven't been looking
               | to upgrade any of my hardware to support that (I'm doing
               | just fine using 5GHz DFS channels that nobody else in my
               | apartment building is using).
               | 
               | I'm not sure what hardware capabilities you think are
               | poorly supported by OpenWRT or the open-source drivers
               | for the known-good hardware choices from the QCA lineage
               | or Mediatek's mt76 family. Can you provide any specifics?
        
         | ajsnigrutin wrote:
         | Ok, a weird question... is it a Mediatek MT7612U (usb dongle)?
         | 
         | Do you get a GPS fix nearby (~0.5m) of that card (eg. on your
         | phone next to it)?
         | 
         | Due to some work i had ~6 of those dongles (Alfa AWUS036ACM),
         | and all of them put out some noise in the gps range and break
         | my gps connection the second they're plugged into the usb port
         | (without any ifconfig up-ing them, setting a channel or
         | connecting anywhere).
        
           | amiga-workbench wrote:
           | MT7921 M.2 card, I've not noticed any interference, but I've
           | also not been actively checking for that.
        
           | oynqr wrote:
           | It's widely known that USB3 transfers produce crippling RF
           | noise. Try a USB2 port.
        
         | stametseater wrote:
         | > _all the newer AX cards have been nothing but pain and
         | suffering._
         | 
         | This is surprising for me to hear. My AX201 hasn't given me any
         | trouble at all, ever. Maybe I've been getting lucky.
        
         | ryanjshaw wrote:
         | If it makes you feel better, I've had serious issues with AX
         | cards on enterprise Windows ThinkPads.
        
       | boppo1 wrote:
       | Ouch, I just bought a gigabyte b650 because reddit told me the
       | intel wifi would play nicer with ubuntu than a realtek card. I
       | don't know who to believe anymore.
        
         | the_pwner224 wrote:
         | This bug is for using the Intel card as a WiFi access point.
         | For using it as a WiFi client, Intel cards still "just work,"
         | and there aren't any other good WiFi options afaik. Realtek and
         | Broadcom do suck. Atheros used to be good a long time ago with
         | ath9k, but I don't think they're really around anymore (?).
        
           | Avamander wrote:
           | I'm relatively certain that the regulatory locale
           | non/misdetection will affect station mode (power) limits as
           | well, people will probably just notice that less often (as
           | the main hindrance to ap mode is the "no IR" flags).
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | In my experience, the Intel WiFi drivers work fine, unless you
         | want to set up an access point.
         | 
         | Still kind of crappy, but my experience with Broadcom is so bad
         | that I'd rather lack the 160MHz channels (and use 80MHz) than
         | try to get Broadcom's drivers to work right.
        
       | StrangeATractor wrote:
       | Ahh, that's about the time IIRC that Dell started soldering in
       | their wireless chips on the XPS 13. Previously you could swap
       | them out for a different chip with better drivers, now you're
       | stuck.
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | Embarrassing decision. All in the pursuit of a slightly thinner
         | chassis, I imagine.
        
           | ac29 wrote:
           | My guess is they are using Intel CNVi
           | (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CNVi), which moves some of the
           | WiFi/Bluetooth hardware into the CPU/Chipset. It saves money.
        
       | pxc wrote:
       | Intel sometimes gets a lot of credit from desktop Linux users for
       | having open-source drivers, but I don't get it. Their drivers are
       | _bad_ , at least when it comes to graphics and WiFi. Tearing
       | problems, graphical artifacts, and connections dropping out have
       | all been problems I've had with Intel as long as I can remember.
       | 
       | I haven't had a laptop that came with an Atheros chipset in a
       | while, so I don't know if the buyout by Qualcomm has spoiled
       | anything, but Atheros always had way better WiFi support on Linux
       | than Intel did. And similarly, a recent AMD GPU with the
       | community drivers in Mesa has given me way better stability than
       | anything Intel has put out.
       | 
       | Open-source drivers are nice, but _good_ open-source drivers are
       | worth a lot more. Go for AMD or Atheros where you can.
       | 
       | (That said, I've had unproblematic experiences with a lot of
       | _other_ kinds of Intel hardware on Linux, like SSDs, wired NICs,
       | NUCs, and even Thunderbolt. And for the most part, WiFi has been
       | more or less good enough for me with Intel in the past few years
       | that I haven 't bothered to replace Intel WiFi cards when they've
       | come included in my laptops.)
        
         | stametseater wrote:
         | In my experience, tearing only occurs with Intel GPUs if you're
         | using X without a compositor. With a compositor it isn't an
         | issue.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Compositors still have issues in some setups (mine,
           | specifically: Intel + Nvidia + mux chip).
           | 
           | On most Linux laptops with no dedicated GPU, Intel GPUs seem
           | to work fine, though.
        
             | stametseater wrote:
             | Ah I see, I have no experience with dual-GPU setups.
        
               | jeroenhd wrote:
               | Before this laptop, I used an Intel+AMD laptop which
               | worked fine (except for AMD's driver messing up in
               | suspend, because the architecture was uncommon and left
               | behind in the middle of a driver model switch).
               | 
               | "Avoid Nvidia; if you have to use Nvidia, avoid other
               | brands if possible" seems to be the way to go.
               | 
               | I'm still mad about Nvidia setting an arbitrary limit to
               | the amount of X11 displays. There is no good reason for
               | it other than locking their customers into data center
               | GPUs.
        
       | sadlywebdev wrote:
       | A friend of mine had intermitent WiFi issues for a long time. One
       | WiFi they could just never even find, until we figured out the
       | Intel WiFi driver for their WiFi-Chipset contained a bug causing
       | 2ghz WiFis on channel 13 to not be visible. It is a tiring
       | process to identify issues like this in drivers. Really sucks
       | when manufacturers just do not test their software.
        
         | wil421 wrote:
         | That's a feature for outdoor radios so they don't interfere
         | with airplane radars. Not sure why it was in a laptop. As the
         | other poster said it's for some non-US countries.
         | 
         | My APs have an outdoor mode I was curious about and turns out
         | it's for plane radars. I was very confused when I turned it on.
         | They were outside APs so I turned it on. I was looking at the
         | channel interfaces and noticed missing channels.
        
         | antisthenes wrote:
         | > WiFi-Chipset contained a bug causing 2ghz WiFis on channel 13
         | to not be visible.
         | 
         | Don't use non-standard channels. You're making it worse for
         | everyone.
        
           | jeroenhd wrote:
           | Channels 12+ are perfectly valid for WiFi use in some
           | jurisdictions. In fact, they're useful exactly because they
           | mostly transmit outside the range of normal WiFi channels.
           | 
           | 802.11n works perfectly fine with channels 1+5+9+13, letting
           | the guard bands intersect. The 1/6/11 set common to the USA
           | leaves plenty of guard space to prevent overlaps, but wastes
           | bandwidth in jurisdictions where channel 12 and 13 are
           | disallowed.
        
         | MayeulC wrote:
         | Sounds like a misconfigured regulatory zone, TBH. Channels 12
         | and 13 are not legally usable in every country, including the
         | USA: https://www.howtogeek.com/402142/why-wi-fi-
         | channels-12-13-an...
        
       | nubinetwork wrote:
       | My ath9k stopped working after upgrading from 5.4.x to 5.15.x...
       | 5ghz radios disabled, couldnt turn them on no matter what I
       | tried. I figured it was because hostapd screwed something up...
       | 
       | I wonder if it was the same (or similar) issue... I wound up
       | buying a mikrotik AP after all that nonsense.
        
       | hackernudes wrote:
       | This is for 5ghz AP (access point) mode. As a station/client it
       | works fine. A workaround here
       | https://tildearrow.org/?p=post&month=7&year=2022&item=lar
        
         | phoronixrly wrote:
         | What insane lengths are people prepared to go to to work around
         | this issue, and still...
         | 
         | > since it does not disable LAR at all, it inherits the issue
         | of requiring a 5GHz access point to be active and near the card
         | in order to detect a 5GHz-able country.
        
           | Avamander wrote:
           | It also doesn't help with 6GHz networks, the small range
           | combined with relative rareness makes it basically not
           | possible to use.
        
           | throwaway5959 wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | sofixa wrote:
             | Macs are not a replacement for a Linux desktop, laptop or a
             | server. They do not provide the same options nor allow you
             | do the same things. There is some overlap, but same as you
             | wouldn't use a Linux desktop to run the Adobe suite, Macs
             | are poorly suited for servers, development _, power users,
             | etc.
             | 
             | _ - outside of the Apple ecosystem of course, because it 's
             | literally the only choice. For anything else, any recent
             | Linux distro provides better tools and better UX, so why
             | bother with Apple's ecosystem, lack of package manager that
             | doesn't suck, compatibility issues left and right (can you
             | run a VM on M Macs now? Kind of, sometimes, depends on how
             | much you pay to whom; containers are still a pain), an
             | undebuggable and uncustomisable OS, etc. etc.
        
               | culturestate wrote:
               | _> Macs are poorly suited for ... development, power
               | users..._
               | 
               | Am I misunderstanding you or does this not describe the
               | vast majority of Mac users in Silicon Valley?
        
             | phoronixrly wrote:
             | Don't make me laugh, AFAIK Macs ship Broadcom, which is
             | notoriously the only worse than Intel wifi card you can
             | have.
        
             | CameronNemo wrote:
             | You use a Mac as your AP!? Sounds expensive.
        
               | AndroidKitKat wrote:
               | I did this in undergrad when the Wifi in my dorm room was
               | abysmal. I used an old Mac mini and hardwired it with the
               | in-room Ethernet and then used the Wifi hotspot mode to
               | make a nice fast wireless network for my roommate and I.
               | 
               | The Mac also pulled double duty as an AirPlay receiver
               | and Plex server. Pretty handy.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | My M1 mac Mini had constant wifi headaches, effectively the
             | wifi did not work since disconnecting every few seconds
             | wrecks your Zoom experience. Both Location Services and a
             | thing called AWDL would just come in and destroy your wifi
             | link over and over again. It took Apple over 2 years to
             | ship a fix.
             | 
             | https://systemstatus.ucla.edu/status?id=status_record&servi
             | c...
        
         | acomjean wrote:
         | That was useful description of the issue. I'm running a Intel
         | AX200 (pop!os) and it seems to be working well.
         | 
         | "Intel wireless cards are among the best for Linux, with
         | support for new devices landing even before they are released.
         | however, they have one big drawback: LAR (Location-Aware
         | Regulatory).
         | 
         | basically the card detects in which country it is (and
         | therefore the regulatory domain) based on nearby access points'
         | ones, and doesn't let you change it manually. the sad thing is
         | that it often sets the card to the wrong country, which is a
         | problem.
         | 
         | prior to Linux 5.5 there was an option to disable this annoying
         | feature in the iwlwifi module (lar_disable=1), but it was
         | removed as later firmware versions caused card crashes and
         | Intel claimed the option shouldn't be accessible anyway "
        
         | amluto wrote:
         | This is utterly absurd for an AP. It effectively implements a
         | very poor consensus algorithm by which the nearby APs
         | coordinate to decide what country they're in. Of course, in the
         | absence of any of the APs having any authoritative idea, it
         | won't work very well.
        
       | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
       | Ironically, I run a machine with a Realtek Wifi 6 chip and it
       | works great on Linux, despite everything I read online was that
       | Realtek is to be avoided on Linux and Intel should be the go-to.
       | 
       | In a similar fashion, I was also luckier with Nvidia proprietary
       | drivers on Linux than with AMD open source drivers.
       | 
       | Seems like HW on Linux really is a box of chocolates, you never
       | know what you're gonna get.
        
         | ajoseps wrote:
         | do you by chance have any experience with the realtek ethernet?
         | I too have seen the conventional wisdom around avoiding the
         | realtek chips. I'm looking to build a linux box (hopefully)
         | soon and filtering out mobos with realtek chips is difficult
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | My old Intel laptop from 2016 had a Realtek ethernet gigabit
           | chip and Linux rand fine on it. I don't have it anymore to
           | confirm which chip exactly, nor do I think they still sell
           | that today.
        
           | KyleSanderson wrote:
           | They used to be glitchy, I've had okay success with them. The
           | igc module (new igb) is a buggy nightmare on Linux with the
           | kmod maintainers having no idea how to run a speed test with
           | forwarding to also kernel panic... It's really bizarre.
        
             | wtallis wrote:
             | Intel's consumer-oriented Ethernet has also been a disaster
             | on the hardware side lately, with basically all of their
             | 2.5GbE chips having serious bugs. At this point, it seems
             | like Realtek is the sane choice for 2.5GbE, or
             | Aquantia/Marvell for 5/10GbE.
        
         | pnutjam wrote:
         | I've been happily running KDE Neon with Nvidia drivers, last
         | set of updates had some weird dependancies and I powered
         | through by removing and replacing the conflicts...
         | 
         | Took me 3 days to get back to a GUI at boot, turns out I needed
         | to delete the xorg.conf file.
        
         | ValdikSS wrote:
         | >works great on Linux
         | 
         | Now try `sudo iw dev wlan0 del` and the kernel will deadlock :)
        
         | cf100clunk wrote:
         | Could you please give the dmesg and/or other relevant id for
         | your Realtek device? I'm getting tired of these Intel ax2?0
         | issues. I'm not much of a Bluetooth user but does it also work
         | well?
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | I'm currently logged into Windoze for some work but I can
           | tell you the card is a Realtek RTL8852AE.
           | 
           | I can pull up the dmesg info later tonight when I reboot into
           | linux if you want.
           | 
           | Bluetooth works fine on it on Linux as well between my phone
           | and my Sony headphones. No complaints from me on
           | Fedora/Opensuse.
           | 
           | Out of curiosity, what issues are you having with the Intel
           | AX chip? I also have it on my Lenovo Intel work machine
           | running Ubuntu 22.04 and it seems OK to me.
        
             | cf100clunk wrote:
             | > RTL8852AE
             | 
             | No that's fine, great info, cheers.
        
             | Vogtinator wrote:
             | Same RTL chip here, works absolutely fine without any
             | issues.
        
         | CameronNemo wrote:
         | The problem with realtek chipsets is that many of them just
         | have no in-kernel driver, so you have to use some questionably
         | maintained out of tree driver from github or whatever.
         | 
         | Soundslike you got one of the chipsets that has in-kernel
         | support, so that is good.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | No I don't think it's in kernel support, I think that Nobara
           | linux has been patched to support it.
           | 
           | It's not a recommendation to go and buy a Realtek card, I was
           | just sharing my anecdote.
        
       | narutowindy wrote:
       | To be honest, I bought a new laptop when AX 5GHz releaded and
       | installed my own Linux work setup. Boom wifi interl disconnects
       | every 5-10min on 5Ghz. I had reconnect manually because do some
       | issues with drivers. With the total pain I moved to windows
       | setup. It's unbelievable that such a premium products breaks on
       | major operating systems.
        
       | ranger_danger wrote:
       | my laptop's bluetooth has been broken under linux ever since it
       | was released in 2015:
       | https://bugzilla.kernel.org/show_bug.cgi?id=99371
        
       | Arnavion wrote:
       | >looks like lar_disable functionality was removed as of 5.5
       | kernel as a way to fix the firmware crash issue with iwlwifi, is
       | that right?
       | 
       | >[...] i've tried replacing the wifi adapter but this happens on
       | intel wireless-ac 3165, 8265, and 9260 dual band 160Mhz
       | (currently installed adapter).
       | 
       | >[...] On Intel ax210ngw all 5ghz channels are disabled and
       | cannot be used to transmit
       | 
       | So it's iwlwifi specifically.
       | 
       | >i should add that this happens on both windows and linux but at
       | least on linux i had a way of disabling LAR so my regulatory
       | domain gets detected properly and all the wifi channels/widths
       | works as they should.
       | 
       | >[...] on all 5.3 and earlier kernels, using lar_disable=1 all my
       | channels work and i get a full 1733mbps link speed (5ghz ch.36 at
       | 160mhz)as shown here
       | 
       | So it's not a Linux-specific issue. Rather it seems to be buggy
       | firmware, and a method that OP was relying on to work around that
       | bug was disabled because it was causing other issues with said
       | buggy firmware.
        
         | csdvrx wrote:
         | Is there a patch for the kernel 6 line to add back the
         | lar_disable functionality?
        
           | stefan_ wrote:
           | This was the patch that removed it:
           | 
           | https://github.com/torvalds/linux/commit/f06021a18fcf8d8a1e7.
           | ..
           | 
           | But this commit message is burying the lede a bit. There are
           | two problems here:
           | 
           | 1) you can revert the change, but a large part of the
           | regulatory logic lives in the firmware blob running on the
           | chip and you can not change this.
           | 
           | 2) the FCC doesn't look kindly upon functionality that
           | ignores regulatory limits being available to end customers.
           | It was already not legal for Intel to add this in the first
           | place, and they certainly won't help you reinstate it.
           | 
           | The second part might be why these devices have been in a
           | "broken" regulatory state forever now where they stay away
           | from everything that touches upon e.g. DFS; someone at Intel
           | might have realized that letting users pick their regulatory
           | region is already not something they should be offering.
           | 
           | The reality is that these WiFi chips should probably have
           | some fuse in them that decides what regulatory region they
           | were made for and then run off that, but you can see the
           | business people losing their mind over that: now you need to
           | have a hundred different SKUs and worse you need to
           | understand your distribution chain. So a software setting it
           | is, and then you see why the FCC is upset.
        
             | Avamander wrote:
             | Those problems are valid, but LAR is currently often unable
             | to detect the correct location. Even though it seems to
             | fail to a very restrictive default, it might not,
             | potentially causing even worse problems than a (rare)
             | manual override would.
             | 
             | It also doesn't seem to be that much of an issue for other
             | vendors to allow the user to configure their regulatory
             | locale, it definitely raises the question how necessary
             | this current approach is.
             | 
             | In the end, Intel's current LAR implementation hurts users
             | that want to use their hardware within their locale's
             | regulatory limits. It does not prevent intentionally
             | misleading the LAR implementation or acquiring other
             | equipment to be disruptive. To me it seems to achieve very
             | little positive, and I've not even touched the _freedom_
             | aspect of Linux being violated.
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | > In the end, Intel's current LAR implementation hurts
               | users that want to use their hardware within their
               | locale's regulatory limits. It does not prevent
               | intentionally misleading the LAR implementation or
               | acquiring other equipment to be disruptive. To me it
               | seems to achieve very little positive, and I've not even
               | touched the freedom aspect of Linux being violated.
               | 
               | Fully agreed with all this. If there's no existing patch
               | for the 6.2 kernel I'll make my own later today because
               | for whatever reason my Intel wifi card thinks it's not in
               | the US (!!!) and I want it to obey the FCC limits.
               | 
               | # iw reg get
               | 
               | global
               | 
               | country 00: DFS-UNSET                       (2402 - 2472
               | @ 40), (6, 20), (N/A)                  (2457 - 2482 @
               | 20), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
               | (2474 - 2494 @ 20), (6, 20), (N/A), NO-OFDM, PASSIVE-SCAN
               | (5170 - 5250 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), AUTO-BW, PASSIVE-SCAN
               | (5250 - 5330 @ 80), (6, 20), (0 ms), DFS, AUTO-BW,
               | PASSIVE-SCAN                  (5490 - 5730 @ 160), (6,
               | 20), (0 ms), DFS, PASSIVE-SCAN                  (5735 -
               | 5835 @ 80), (6, 20), (N/A), PASSIVE-SCAN
               | (57240 - 63720 @ 2160), (N/A, 0), (N/A)
               | 
               | I've tried but failed to add regulatory.db to my bzImage:
               | 
               | # dmesg | grep regula                 cfg80211: Loading
               | compiled-in X.509 certificates for regulatory database
               | platform regulatory.0: Direct firmware load for
               | regulatory.db failed with error -2            cfg80211:
               | failed to load regulatory.db
               | 
               | In my .config:
               | 
               | CONFIG_EXTRA_FIRMWARE="iwlwifi-so-a0-gf-a0-72.ucode
               | iwlwifi-so-a0-gf-a0.pnvm regulatory.db (...)
               | 
               | regulatory.db exists in the expected path and the md5sum
               | 968432874991bf18d99a4f508fb1515d seems correct.
        
             | AlphaSite wrote:
             | I move and travel? My hardware will do super illegal things
             | if I can't change the regions.
        
               | Waterluvian wrote:
               | I just had an amusing daydream about routers adding GPS
               | to handle this. And having to ask my grandma to go
               | outside and hold her router up to the sun for a few
               | minutes.
        
             | mjevans wrote:
             | But what if someone moves or simply uses hardware in a
             | different region that's sold? What if the laws change?
             | 
             | The correct 'work around' is to build a kernel with a
             | DEFAULT regulatory domain, abstract from any vendor's
             | specific implementation, allow that domain to be updated at
             | runtime (particularly for mobile devices), and follow the
             | laws there in. I also advocate (in this post) for
             | wifi_regulations=BREAKTHELAWANDDISABLE (allcaps required)
             | to completely bypass filtering channels. This would be
             | useful in some situations such as isolated testing
             | environments, use in International Waters, and any other
             | environment that's isolated enough.
        
               | jodrellblank wrote:
               | If you aren't breaking any laws transmitting like that in
               | International Waters, why call it BREAKTHELAW and call
               | out that use case? If you are breaking laws transmitting
               | like that in International Waters, why would this setting
               | be called out as specifically useful in International
               | Waters?
               | 
               | Neither seems to make sense. (And does this come from the
               | Microsoft team who came up with
               | setup.exe
               | /IAcceptExchangeServerLicenseTerms_DiagnosticDataOFF
               | 
               | ?)
        
               | mjevans wrote:
               | It doesn't make sense to call the same option multiple
               | things for such a small number of use cases; you really
               | want the last thing, but someone might not know that in
               | _many_ circumstances it could be against the law to use
               | it, hence the prefix to document that.
               | 
               | Edit: ALSO, in case it wasn't clear... E.G.
               | wifi_regulations=USA or wifi_regulations=CDN or
               | wifi_regulations=GBR or some other set of country codes /
               | match in the table of known regulations. A longer string
               | that manually specifies allowed frequencies in some way
               | might also work.
        
               | stefan_ wrote:
               | Keep in mind that for stations only (e.g. mobile devices
               | most of the time), the rules are relaxed: if the station
               | sees an AP operating on some channel, it is allowed to
               | assume that it can operate on that channel. And of course
               | passively scanning a channel to check for the presence of
               | an AP is not transmitting, so no regulatory problem
               | there.
               | 
               | But don't worry, for 6 GHz the FCC has come up with even
               | more insane stuff: if you want to unlock more channels
               | and power, your AP will have to (1) geolocate itself and
               | (2) contact a central server to determine regulatory
               | restrictions for that location. They are calling this
               | Automatic Frequency Coordination (AFC). See page 13 of
               | https://docs.fcc.gov/public/attachments/DOC-363490A1.pdf:
               | 
               | > We will require the AFC to use a centralized model
               | where each standard-power access point remotely accesses
               | an AFC to obtain a list of available frequency ranges in
               | which it is permitted to operate and the maximum
               | permissible power in each frequency range
        
               | dcow wrote:
               | Why does the FCC even care so much? What nefarious things
               | can the average consumer possibly do that a motivated
               | attacker can't already do? A motivated attacker who wants
               | to change all the street lights to green will have
               | hardware that lets them do whatever they want. The other
               | 99.999% of people will just use their system as
               | configured by their software vendor, legally. Why do we
               | need hardware failsafes? Why do we need certifiably
               | absurd things happening at the driver level like AFC?
               | It's not like this is a health and safety issue--these
               | consumer devices shouldn't be capable of transmitting
               | that much radiation regardless. So why does the FCC care
               | so much? Is there a history of disaster related to
               | consumer radios operating illegally that I'm unaware of?
        
               | devanl wrote:
               | Setting aside issues that can be safety related where
               | consumer equipment overlaps with legacy equipment, there
               | is a tragedy of the commons effect to not attempting to
               | regulate radio power limits.
               | 
               | It's incredible how well WiFi works for the amount of
               | power it uses.
               | 
               | Obviously turning up the transmit power makes it
               | better... for that one person. For everyone else, that
               | channel has a little bit more noise than before, making
               | it harder to receive their signal.
               | 
               | So maybe their neighbors will also want to increase their
               | transmit power to get better range / speed again. Having
               | a limit across the board for all mass manufactured
               | devices prevents an escalating spiral of vendors selling
               | 30, then 40, then 50dbm etc routers.
               | 
               | As mentioned elsewhere, different countries have
               | different power limits, but it's more economical to make
               | a single radio for all markets with software power
               | limits. One hypothetical way for a vendor to get a market
               | advantage is to sell a radio that is software limited,
               | but wink wink can be patched with easily googled
               | instructions to increase the power to work better. Maybe
               | by downloading a tool from some sketchy website that even
               | actually works and can be spammed across the internet or
               | social media.
               | 
               | So the FCC has to strongly discourage anything that could
               | lead to lots of radios deliberately exceeding the
               | regulatory limits and disproportionately making the
               | spectrum worse compared to a compliant device.
               | 
               | I don't think that necessarily justifies rather invasive
               | schemes like geolocated AFC, but preserving the use of
               | the radio spectrum so that everyone can make efficient
               | use of it is the FCC's mandate.
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | > It's incredible how well WiFi works for the amount of
               | power it uses.
               | 
               | Actually, WiFi disproves that we'd have a tragedy of the
               | commons.
               | 
               | > Having a limit across the board for all mass
               | manufactured devices prevents an escalating spiral of
               | vendors selling 30, then 40, then 50dbm etc routers.
               | 
               | No, the AP and the device both have a strong interest to
               | limit the power used: not just to limit interference with
               | other devices inside the home, but also to increase
               | battery life!!
               | 
               | > but wink wink can be patched with easily googled
               | instructions to increase the power to work better
               | 
               | I just don't understand why most posters here assume the
               | worst by default. Most people are nice and want to obey
               | the law.
               | 
               | WiFi proved that very little legal oversight was
               | necessary to make it work.
               | 
               | In fact, it did the opposite: by comparing the efficiency
               | of the use of the 2.4Ghz band (noisy with microwaves etc)
               | to the rest of the spectrum managed by the heavy hand of
               | the FCC, any reasonable person would argue for removing
               | regulations or more parts of the spectrum (starting maybe
               | with the huge chunks waste on HAM radio!)
        
               | plonk wrote:
               | > No, the AP and the device both have a strong interest
               | to limit the power used: not just to limit interference
               | with other devices inside the home, but also to increase
               | battery life!!
               | 
               | For home routers this is a weak argument. Since most
               | people download more than they upload, you could probably
               | send a weaker signal from mobile devices and drown the
               | air with signal from anything plugged into a wall socket.
               | 
               | > I just don't understand why most posters here assume
               | the worst by default. Most people are nice and want to
               | obey the law.
               | 
               | Maybe it's just where I live, but I don't see that on the
               | road (people risking accidents to gain 30 seconds).
               | People will only follow the law if they think it's worth
               | their inconvenience and lots of people weight this in a
               | bad way.
               | 
               | How many hand-tuned APs does it take to make a whole
               | building lose significant bandwidth? After this the
               | regulation has to become looser so the legal devices can
               | keep working, and it never really gets better.
        
               | jiggawatts wrote:
               | The FAA raised a huge stink recently because they weren't
               | ready for 5G rollout and were worried that the altimeter
               | radar would give false readings on approach to landing.
               | 
               | Agencies -- even when in the wrong -- can throw their
               | weight around and demand that the FCC ban things.
               | 
               | Consumers like you and me have no real representation in
               | government so we have no political clout and can't throw
               | our weight around to demand simpler legislation.
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | > The FAA raised a huge stink recently because they
               | weren't ready for 5G rollout and were worried that the
               | altimeter radar would give false readings on approach to
               | landing.
               | 
               | If the FAA didn't do its job and certified altimeters
               | that shouldn't have been, as the 5G rollout was announced
               | and previsible, maybe they should start working instead
               | of complaining that others help them do their job?
               | 
               | Also, if all it takes to mess with altimeters is a rogue
               | 5G cell, the right approach is to harden the altimeters,
               | instead of hoping no 5G cell ever will be misconfigured
               | or pushed wrong configuation parameters by a enemy
               | country or ransomware hacker group.
        
               | trifurcate wrote:
               | > Also, if all it takes to mess with altimeters is a
               | rogue 5G cell, the right approach is to harden the
               | altimeters, instead of hoping no 5G cell ever will be
               | misconfigured or pushed wrong configuation parameters by
               | a enemy country or ransomware hacker group.
               | 
               | Wow, that is a lot of misconception about the threat
               | model and real issue at hand packed into a single
               | sentence.
               | 
               | First of all, great, let's say you're right. How do you
               | harden the existing altimeters out there, equipped on
               | thousands of aircraft? These are sensitive, tightly
               | controlled and life-critical instruments. Radar
               | altimeters have been in use for decades, almost a century
               | now, and so the FAA is for the most part talking about
               | already installed altimeters which were designed far
               | before 5G was ever a thing. Likely most of their designs
               | will not readily accommodate hardening against new kinds
               | of RF interference. If you managed to patch all the
               | different kinds out there and get fixes pushed out,
               | that'd be a great effort in labor, logistics, and
               | certification. Of course, one could simply replace the
               | old radar altimeters with new ones, at a much greater
               | cost too.
               | 
               | Separately from the difficulty of actual hardening,
               | there's the question to be asked of, why ask old
               | technology to adapt to new one when we can adapt the new
               | technology to suit the old? Especially because, again,
               | these are safety critical instruments that you don't
               | wanna mess with, whereas 5G towers are much better suited
               | to new experiments or fixes, or just being designed
               | correctly and safely from the get go when the technology
               | hasn't even launched yet.
               | 
               | And then, why do you think this is a _security_ issue, as
               | in an attacker aiming to disrupt air travel? You must be
               | aware that most all aviation radio comms are in the clear
               | and extremely easy to jam and spoof, including critical
               | instrument systems like ILS. That is not the threat
               | model! The FAA is worried about interference from
               | ordinary people trying to use their cellphones, rather
               | than a specialized attacker targeting radar altimeters.
               | Of course, because these are two very different
               | situations!
        
             | csdvrx wrote:
             | > 2) the FCC doesn't look kindly upon functionality that
             | ignores regulatory limits being available to end customers.
             | It was already not legal for Intel to add this in the first
             | place, and they certainly won't help you reinstate it.
             | 
             | Not my clown, not my circus.
             | 
             | If the wifi firmware thinks the regulatory area is ID
             | (Indonesia) it's wrong anyway
             | 
             | > WiFi chips should probably have some fuse in them that
             | decides what regulatory region they were made for
             | 
             | Yes let's block most of resale of used chip and make the
             | problem worse by having the remaining market just be for
             | chips for a "nice" regulatory region that has the channels
             | you want even if it shouldn't! /s
             | 
             | No, the answer is to fix the sar logic so that if it gives
             | obviously wrong results, the correct setting can be passed
             | to the firmware.
             | 
             | It's up to the customer to obey the limits, and this
             | feature wouldn't make it easy for customers to "ignore
             | regulatory limits" but do the exact opposite: allow them to
             | _OBEY_ the regulatory limits while the setting clearly does
             | the opposite for now (unless Indonesia is a subset of the
             | US SAR settings, which I don 't think it is)
             | 
             | If my wifi think I'm not in the US, I will tell it yes,
             | indeed we are, and it's on me if I lie to software. Most
             | people will not lie. Why make it harder to do the right
             | things?
        
             | phoronixrly wrote:
             | Can I just point out how insane this method of determining
             | the regulatory rules is...
             | 
             | Considering the average user would never bother to set
             | their correct regdomain when they buy a crap Chinese wifi
             | router, you are pretty much guaranteed to _always_ be using
             | the wrong (mostly CN) regdomain, because that 's what your
             | neighbours are using...
        
               | csdvrx wrote:
               | > you are pretty much guaranteed to always be using the
               | wrong (mostly CN) regdomain
               | 
               | Exactly. The software should make it easier for the
               | average user to do the right thing. Most people would
               | select "US" in a dropdown menu if offered the chance. The
               | windows driver could also pass the information to the
               | firmware using geolocalization or the windows locale
               | settings if what the firmware setting suggested by
               | default seems awfully wrong (ex: CN regdomain while
               | Windows locale = US, geo IP = US, GPS=US etc)
        
             | aidenn0 wrote:
             | > The reality is that these WiFi chips should probably have
             | some fuse in them that decides what regulatory region they
             | were made for and then run off that, but you can see the
             | business people losing their mind over that: now you need
             | to have a hundred different SKUs and worse you need to
             | understand your distribution chain. So a software setting
             | it is, and then you see why the FCC is upset.
             | 
             | So you need to travel with like a dozen WiFi cards? Setting
             | the region in software is a feature to all travelers...
        
       | rektide wrote:
       | 5 week old issue. Ed: oops, 3 year old!! (what year is it?) No
       | useful updates.
       | 
       | Generally I think Intel is one of the best companies at open-
       | source by far & it's a huge competitive advantage. But all
       | companies of any notable size are companies of many smaller
       | orgs... Still surprising, as Intel has excellent dedication to
       | wifi & has great works like connman.
       | 
       | But also... competitive advantages only matter if anyone notices
       | or cares. This issue is incredible egg-in-the-face to literally
       | all of us. That everyone missed this is _absurd!_
       | 
       | Ed: now that I see the full year, pretty shameful seemingly
       | nothing has been done in 3 years. Why?!? Ed ed: oh, _only affects
       | AP mode..._ OK now that 's not good but way more reasonable
       | scope!!
        
         | loeg wrote:
         | > 5 week old issue
         | 
         | The link I'm looking at says 2020-02-08.
        
         | prerok wrote:
         | 5 weeks? It's actually 3 years.
        
       | lelandbatey wrote:
       | The link seems to be experiencing a mysterious outage, reporting
       | "404" when I visit the page. Other bugs seem to be fine. Not sure
       | what's going on.
       | 
       | Here's a mirror:
       | https://web.archive.org/web/20230317164517/https://bugzilla....
        
         | mricon wrote:
         | The admins probably got grumpy because a bajilion HN bots
         | querying for link previews DDOS'ed the whole bugzilla.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | nousermane wrote:
         | Hug of death from HN visitors.
         | 
         | For fellow website admins, this is your regular reminder to use
         | static site generators, where possible, and server-side cache
         | where not.
        
           | berkle4455 wrote:
           | I'd argue SSG and caching are the same solution just a
           | difference in where the cache resides (disk vs memory) and
           | warming strategy (on-demand vs preemptive)
        
             | throwaway81523 wrote:
             | How often does a bug tracker get that much traffic? And
             | using an SSG for one when tons of the queries will have
             | specific filtering terms doesn't seem so great either.
        
               | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
               | Bugzilla routinely falls on its knees just from internal
               | use.
        
             | froh wrote:
             | > where the cache resides (disk vs memory)
             | 
             | local vs CDN that is...
        
       | miiiiiike wrote:
       | This frustrated me for over a year. I moved to a house and wanted
       | to give my gf a reprieve from the wires I used to run through our
       | apartments. But, I've been dealing with connection drops and
       | speeds of around 1.2 Mbps.
       | 
       | I figured it was the walls until I setup a "slow" 2G network for
       | an old printer and my PC was at full speed when connected to it.
       | Figured out that it was a driver issue a few weeks ago. This is a
       | problem I haven't had since around 2000. Never would have guessed
       | that the device I chose for compatibility and support would have
       | a driver that flakey.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | This specific bug mostly impacts AP mode. If you can get a
         | connection over 5+GHz at all, you're probably dealing with a
         | different driver issue.
        
       | villgax wrote:
       | On a Ryzen 5 3600 desktop with two nvme drives running windows 10
       | & Ubuntu 22 unaware of each other it is 50-50 odd of either
       | Bluetooth or WiFi not detected until a few reboots
        
         | LamaOfRuin wrote:
         | Windows regularly puts and leaves radios in various low-power
         | states that linux doesn't know about, so I generally need to
         | cleanly shut down windows completely before booting into linux.
        
           | cf100clunk wrote:
           | I posted this solution elsewhere recently:
           | 
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35113567
           | 
           | I think it is what you've been seeing.
        
       | smallerfish wrote:
       | Not related to wifi, but Intel broke the IPU6 webcam on Linux
       | also. I have a Dell XPS13 - on the initial Ubuntu they shipped
       | with, it was working, but after a dist-upgrade it stopped.
       | There's lots of traffic out there, with some reports that it
       | started working again with the 6.1 kernel, but on mine (with Dell
       | drivers and 6.2 kernel) it's broken.
       | 
       | There was another Intel related issue with this laptop also; the
       | gpu would freeze/panic intermittently, multiple times a day. This
       | was "fixed" by adding a boot flag in grub to turn off a certain
       | feature, and I think the ultimate fix may be working its way into
       | the kernel currently.
       | 
       | Really not the slick experience I was hoping for with the XPS13.
       | I mostly work on my desktop so it's not the end of the world, but
       | it has me thinking about getting a mac in 5 or so years, assuming
       | Asahi reaches stability.
        
         | stametseater wrote:
         | > _There was another Intel related issue with this laptop also;
         | the gpu would freeze /panic intermittently, multiple times a
         | day._
         | 
         | I had this on my Dell XPS13 (9310) as well, although in my case
         | it was a few times a week, maybe .5 times a day. It also seemed
         | to almost always trigger when kwin was animating something,
         | particularly switching to another virtual desktop, but never
         | when playing any games. I can't imagine why, but the problem
         | _mostly_ went away when I turned off all animations in kwin,
         | and seems to have gone away completely sometime about a year or
         | so ago.
         | 
         | All in all, it's still a better experience than the Macbook Air
         | I was using prior to having this XPS13... That damn Macbook
         | loved to vomit onto the screen and lock up without warning. No
         | dust, thermals seemed fine, battery was healthy... no clue what
         | was wrong with it. And without many exposed settings to fiddle
         | with.
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | Chromebooks are the only laptops you can usually expect to work
         | correctly and integrate every peripheral with Linux. Which, no
         | surprise, is why IPU6 cameras work on Chromebooks. It's open
         | source and everything.
         | 
         | https://source.chromium.org/chromiumos/chromiumos/codesearch...
         | 
         | The reason these things are often broken on Ubuntu and the
         | other distros is simply that the governance and organization of
         | those projects is not incentivized to ship a working product.
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-17 23:01 UTC)