[HN Gopher] FCC orders phone companies to block scam text messages
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FCC orders phone companies to block scam text messages
        
       Author : mfiguiere
       Score  : 164 points
       Date   : 2023-03-16 18:56 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (arstechnica.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (arstechnica.com)
        
       | hackernewds wrote:
       | Contrarian thought, doesn't this open a can of worms where the
       | government is allowed to sensor text messages under the pretext
       | of some subjective "fraud"? What if tomorrow they decide that
       | messages around fundraising for a particular party is fraud?
       | 
       | I'll rather everything is delivered and then the spam filtering
       | is done on the provider/device level. These kinds of things are
       | usually implemented with innocuous cover and malicious intent.
        
         | skybrian wrote:
         | These are rules about what providers have to do. Also, they are
         | about blocking certain unused numbers (that is, unused for text
         | messages), and it doesn't seem to be based on the content of
         | the text messages.
         | 
         | Somehow the providers need to get lists of these numbers and
         | it's only going to be as good as the providers' information
         | sources. I suppose a government agency could put someone else's
         | number on a list, but that would be rather obvious.
        
       | rdxm wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | WalterBright wrote:
       | It's about time.
       | 
       | I wish they'd block the Hilton Hotel roboscam. I get calls from
       | them 3 times a day, all from different phone numbers in the
       | state.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | > the Hilton Hotel roboscam
         | 
         | What is it?
        
           | function_seven wrote:
           | Timeshare sales. A recorded voice starts the call with "Thank
           | you for choosing (Marriot|Hilton Hotels|Hyatt)! We have an
           | exciting offer..."
           | 
           | I've been getting these for over 5 years now. Sometimes they
           | pretend to be Costco as well. Same voice and inflection,
           | though.
        
             | WalterBright wrote:
             | Yeah, it's a recorded voice.
             | 
             | A phone feature I'd love to have is to push a button and an
             | AI chatbot takes over, with a goal to keep the scammer on
             | the line as long as possible. Their whole business model
             | would collapse.
        
               | eloisius wrote:
               | Sounds like https://jollyrogertelephone.com/
        
               | unsignedint wrote:
               | The system effectively handles those calls, managing to
               | keep the scammer on the line for a few seconds at a time,
               | ultimately wasting their time. However, this approach is
               | becoming less entertaining, as scammers appear to be
               | increasingly aware of the robotic responses, diminishing
               | its effectiveness.
        
       | annoyingnoob wrote:
       | I cut a ton of scam SMS messages by disabling email-to-sms for my
       | phone. No more 3am porno spam from gmail accounts.
        
       | abscind wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | exabrial wrote:
       | Sigh. FFS. I can't believe I have to say this
       | 
       | * I really don't need nor want the government telling me who I
       | can and can't receive a text from.
       | 
       | * This is a First Amendment Violation
       | 
       | * Turning the carriers into content moderators is a dumb idea
       | 
       | * The carrier gets scammed way more than I do
       | 
       | INSTEAD: Force the industry to adopt certificate based message
       | attribution. Everything must be signed with a digital certificate
       | at exchange points. That'll help identify the source of spam and
       | that certificate can simply be ignored on the client itself.
        
         | kristopolous wrote:
         | I don't know why this is necessary to say, but scamming people
         | and doing crime isn't protected speech.
        
         | wtallis wrote:
         | If you read what the article says about what exactly is to be
         | blocked, you'll see that it has a lot more in common with your
         | certificate-pased proposal than the first amendment violation
         | you inferred from the headline.
         | 
         | Carriers are being instructed to not deliver SMS purporting to
         | originate from a phone number that carriers know is not capable
         | of sending SMS. They're not being told to discriminate based on
         | the content of the message or even based on the sender, except
         | when the metadata about who sent the message has obviously been
         | faked. Cryptographic signing is an obvious next step, but also
         | unnecessary before even the most basic filtering of invalid
         | spoofed data has been implemented.
        
           | silisili wrote:
           | I'm not well versed in telephony, but I've always wondered
           | why after a century we still don't have something as simple
           | as a three way handshake for calls/messages?
        
         | michael1999 wrote:
         | Uh, a text message is (famously) limited to 160 bytes. How are
         | your going to sign this.
         | 
         | Instead, this proposal requires that carriers verify that the
         | sender block "invalid, unallocated, or unused numbers." which
         | is very much like ISP egress filtering.
         | 
         | Or forbidding IP spoofing a 1st amendment issue too?
        
           | yjftsjthsd-h wrote:
           | > Uh, a text message is (famously) limited to 160 bytes. How
           | are your going to sign this.
           | 
           | Don't sign the message to the phone, sign the connection
           | between carriers.
        
         | cptskippy wrote:
         | > I really don't need nor want the government telling me who I
         | can and can't receive a text from.
         | 
         | They aren't. They're simply saying that the sender of an SMS or
         | phone call cannot hide their identity fraudulently.
         | 
         | Your argument is a bit like saying you're opposed to the
         | government preventing people from creating fake IDs, fake
         | Passports, fake License Plates, or fake Social Security
         | Numbers.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | reaperducer wrote:
       | My carrier is pretty good about blocking text and voice spam. I
       | hardly ever get any of those anymore.
       | 
       | BUT...
       | 
       | My carrier still has an email-to-SMS gateway (like people used to
       | use in the late 90's), and that's how spam gets through.
        
         | altairprime wrote:
         | There's a defect in Verizon's MMS systems, that allows spammers
         | to spoof MMS messages onto the network with "xyzvzw.com" as the
         | domain name in the MMS packet, no phone number at all, and then
         | Verizon's matching system only checks for substring "VZW.COM",
         | so the invalid messages get delivered (without a source phone
         | number, showing up on your phone as a text from an email
         | address). Since it's processed as a system message, it's
         | guaranteed delivery, and their anti-spam system can only block
         | phone numbers so it's helpless too.
         | 
         | I tried reporting this and they were incapable of responding to
         | or following up on the problem report, though they did
         | helpfully detail the MMS packet defects to me. Maybe one of
         | their engineers will read this someday.
        
       | bediger4000 wrote:
       | Too little, too late. I hope whatever bribes the 10 Congress
       | member and FCC people got to allow this to ruin texting was worth
       | it.
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Good luck with that. I hope it works, but I have come to have a
       | grudging respect for the ingenuity of the scammers.
       | 
       | Lately, I have been getting a dozen or so "We've Locked Your
       | Account" phishing texts per day. I will tend to get them in
       | "bursts," where several come in, within a few minutes.
        
       | 71a54xd wrote:
       | Nice... by reading all of your text messages even more than they
       | already do
        
       | JamesBarney wrote:
       | I don't know why they focus on texts so much more than calls.
       | 
       | I get like 60 scam calls for every scam text. Scam texts are
       | mildly inconvenient. Scam calls on the other hand are far worse.
       | I get so many scam calls I don't pick up any phone numbers not on
       | my contact list, and which causes me to miss several important
       | phone calls a year.
        
         | kerkeslager wrote:
         | They don't. It's just that the solution to scam voice calls is
         | a lot harder to implement--there's no point making rules to
         | address voice calls because there is not yet the technical
         | capability to follow any rules around that. The STIR/SHAKEN
         | protocols which will address voice scam calls when they're
         | fully deployed, but that's a fundamental change to the
         | protocol, which takes time. Texts, on the other hand, can be
         | text scanned independent of the number from which they
         | originate, which allows for a lot of filtering.
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | This used to be the case for me but recently I got added to
         | some kind of list and I get almost 1 SMS spam text per day,
         | hardly any spam calls anymore. I usually answer them and fuck
         | with the person on the other end for as long as possible so
         | maybe I got blacklisted lul.
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | I used to, but now I just have the iOS "silence unknown
         | callers" unless I'm expecting urgent other random calls. It's
         | been bliss.
         | 
         | My work doesn't use my personal phone# - I know this isn't
         | possible for everyone but works for me.
        
           | dcow wrote:
           | I am thinking about making the leap. If it's really an
           | important message they have my email and can text.
           | 
           | Edit: I just did. Voicemail is an option too.
        
         | tomcam wrote:
         | FWIW I seem to have reduced them to a few a week by picking up
         | the call and just not talking. If it's a legit number not in my
         | contacts the caller will ask for me. If it's a scam call they
         | just hang up after a moment and I think they're starting to put
         | me on their own do not call lists. Any chance that might work
         | for you?
        
           | CameronNemo wrote:
           | I do the same. Mostly they just hang up. Sometimes they start
           | threatening to take possession of the real estate I don't
           | own.
        
           | onetimeusename wrote:
           | I can't help but think it's funny that scammers may have
           | their own do-not-call list.
        
           | jdavis703 wrote:
           | Yes, as someone who has done volunteer telemarketing, we mark
           | the call status. For example if you're angry/rude, non-
           | English speaking, disconnected, etc. Campaign managers can
           | then target call sheets accordingly (e.g. for a Spanish-
           | speaking line, have the Spanish team do a follow up call).
        
         | skee8383 wrote:
         | Me too. i'm getting like 3 scam calls per day now. some are
         | from unsuspecting work from home people that have been duped in
         | being the fall guys for the scammers, i can tell because when i
         | tell them what they are doing is against the law and they could
         | be fined thousands of dollars for it, they immediately crap
         | their pants and start apologizing.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Opposite for me. Few calls these days but constant sms. Also
         | calls I just never answer whereas sms I need to go clear the
         | app notification status so I can detect real sms.
        
           | paul7986 wrote:
           | Indeed barely no calls yet I have that iphone setting turned
           | on that all unknown numbers go to voicemail (still am not
           | seeing a lot of missed garbage calls though).
           | 
           | Lately all just getting those pointless Amazon scam b.s.
           | texts that I hope the majority of the population know the
           | drill.. .never open just delete.
           | 
           | The scammers I am afraid will start to really use AI ...
           | hack/monitor legions of phones ...spoof your contact list and
           | call you then actually spoof the voice of some of your
           | contacts. For me then I would only use something like a
           | Facebook messenger set up where I only add friends I know
           | already and they pass a series of questions we only know
           | between each other. It's going to get worse .. thinking
           | ahead.
        
         | deathanatos wrote:
         | As I think your replies indicate, it's variable. I get pretty
         | much only scam calls. But my SO gets lots of scam SMSs, even
         | ones targeting _my work_ , such as claiming to be from "my
         | boss".
         | 
         | I get plenty of _spam_ SMS, but they 're not technically scams.
         | (...unless I suppose if you jokingly consider the GOP a
         | scam...) I wouldn't mind seeing those get cracked down on. (I'm
         | not registered with them, and they continue to spam me about
         | political issues in jurisdictions for which I've not been on
         | the voter roles for over a decade.)
         | 
         | Also, spam SMSs trying to get me to sell my parent's home. (I
         | don't think these are scams, per se, but from what I've read
         | their offers aren't going to be good. Nonetheless, I'm not
         | looking to evict my mother ... out of a house I don't own?, of
         | course.)
         | 
         | Finally, my hometown has apparently sold their soul ... and
         | somehow my cell phone information? ... to a random private
         | company. Instead of publishing WEAs like a normal jurisdiction,
         | I get SMSes that have little to no context, like "take shelter
         | from the storm" while it's completely sunny and the forcast is
         | nothing but sun, and the radar is clear. (It took a while to
         | figure out that they were warnings about a city a few thousand
         | miles away, since, again ... 0 context.)
        
         | alfalfasprout wrote:
         | So many replies but few actually addressed steps the FCC indeed
         | is taking. Eg; the implementation of STIR/SHAKEN:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/STIR/SHAKEN to prevent caller ID
         | spoofing.
        
           | jjoonathan wrote:
           | They switched it on years ago and nothing changed, I still
           | get loads of spam calls.
        
             | kerkeslager wrote:
             | Massive changes to international protocols aren't just
             | "switched on".
        
               | jjoonathan wrote:
               | Two years. No change. Maybe the last bits are clicking
               | into place and it'll all get better any day now. Maybe.
               | Or maybe the whole effort was scuppered with a well-
               | placed caveat. I hope not, but that's what I'm starting
               | to fear. I'd appreciate if you could tell me what's going
               | on and put those fears to rest.
        
         | aendruk wrote:
         | The FCC's statements address this:
         | 
         | > Recipients of a robocall have the ability to either pick up
         | the phone or not. But on most devices, recipients of a robotext
         | see at least some of an unwanted message immediately
         | 
         | > ...unlike robocalls, scam text messages are hard to ignore or
         | hang-up on and are nearly always read by the recipient - often
         | immediately. In addition, robotexts can promote links to
         | phishing websites or websites that can install malware on a
         | consumer's phone.
         | 
         | And per the article this particular regulation is already in
         | effect for calls:
         | 
         | > The FCC already requires similar blocking of voice calls from
         | these types of numbers.
        
           | cronix wrote:
           | > The FCC already requires similar blocking of voice calls
           | from these types of numbers.
           | 
           | In other words, it won't change anything. I still get just as
           | many scam voice calls as I ever have.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | Perhaps because it's much easier to filter scam texts when you
         | already know the contents before they're delivered to the
         | recipient.
         | 
         | From my own anecdata, I've received about 50/50 texts/calls. I
         | also do not pick up unknown numbers anymore.
        
           | flangola7 wrote:
           | Also, filtering on a waveform is much harder than text data.
        
             | kerkeslager wrote:
             | Filtering on a waveform _that doesn 't exist until the user
             | picks up the phone_ is literally impossible.
        
             | squeaky-clean wrote:
             | They should be able to recognize spoofed numbers though.
             | More than 90% of spam calls I get are clearly coming from a
             | spoofed number. Sometimes it's even my own number.
             | 
             | I know the current infrastructure can't really deal with
             | that, but it's because the telecoms have no real reason to
             | implement it.
        
             | doubleg72 wrote:
             | What does this even mean?
        
               | squeaky-clean wrote:
               | It's hard to use automation to tell if the phone call
               | you're receiving is a Medicare spam call, or a genuine
               | call about Medicare for example.
               | 
               | "I buy junk cars" is pretty easy to filter out. Nowadays
               | they send things like "i/buy/any old/car Yconpro/autos*"
               | (this is a real one I got 9 hours ago). But that's still
               | easier to design a filter for than a phone call which
               | only happens over audio.
        
         | clnq wrote:
         | How does one get this many scam calls? Is this something that
         | happens in the US but not in Europe? I've not been scam called
         | once in the EU and only scam-texted once or twice.
        
           | squeaky-clean wrote:
           | My phone number somehow got listed under my mother's info. I
           | don't know how, but they know she's in the Medicare age
           | bracket and they know she owns a fully paid of home in a
           | desirable neighborhood. I get roughly 5-10 calls a day about
           | these things. That's ignoring the fake bank and Amazon calls
           | I get.
           | 
           | I've also noticed answering the call makes it much more
           | likely that you will receive more calls in the future. Even
           | though I usually answer the call just to make them waste an
           | hour talking to me as I pretend to be an old man who has
           | trouble installing TeamViewer or finding my credit cards.
           | 
           | Some of the spam groups have even blocked my number since
           | I've trolled them so much. But I still get calls from their
           | system, and when I answer it says something like "You have
           | been blocked from contacting this number. Goodbye."
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | Since your question gets asked almost verbatim every time
           | this topic comes up on HN, I can help you with an answer.
           | This happens both in the US and Europe. But some people, both
           | in the US and Europe, get hardly any scam/spam calls. Other
           | people, both in the US and Europe, get tons.
        
         | matheweis wrote:
         | Second half of the article is in fact about closing down some
         | of the gaps that enable scam calls.
        
       | itcrowd wrote:
       | Recently got a US phone number (at&t), and the literal minute the
       | SIM was in my phone I started getting spam texts and calls.
       | Nobody even had the number yet. I assume it's either a recycled
       | number or randomly-generated from the spammers' side.
       | 
       | Anyway, I've had (still have) the same phone number for over 20
       | years in the EU and have _never_ received a spam call /text.
       | Zero. Nada.
       | 
       | To me, it is baffling how all Americans have put up with this
       | annoyance for decades! Finally, it seems some concrete steps are
       | being taken.
        
         | vopi wrote:
         | For me, it has a been a very recent thing. A couple years ago,
         | I would have had a handful a year. Now it wouldn't surprise me
         | if I had a couple a day.
        
         | tastyfreeze wrote:
         | Typically it is a series of numbers. It takes virtually zero
         | time for a spam bot to send to a whole block of numbers whether
         | they are active or not.
        
       | unsignedint wrote:
       | It would be ideal if phone calls and SMS were based solely on a
       | whitelist system, where social norms dictate that legitimate
       | communication occurs only after numbers have been exchanged. This
       | would prevent unwanted contact from unknown numbers. Although
       | many people already disregard such unsolicited calls or messages,
       | having a systematic approach would make it much more effective
       | and efficient.
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | Since I expect to sometimes get perfectly valid calls from
         | numbers I've never communicated with in the past, I think a
         | better solution would be to make the entire PSTN a fully
         | audited domain where we only let people participate after a
         | reasonable amount of vetting, and we maintain the ability to
         | accurately track down and stop bad actors when they do make it
         | past those protections.
         | 
         | If we choose not to do that, at some point one of the big tech
         | corporations will manage to get enough of a network going on
         | their own proprietary equivalent service so that everyone else
         | has to join or be left out. And PSTN will die. And we'll have a
         | corporate overlord.
        
         | thesis wrote:
         | Great until the hospital or police or your kids friends parents
         | are trying to contact you.
        
           | unsignedint wrote:
           | But then, how can you even tell if these are legit calls to
           | begin with? If that "kids friends parents" know you enough to
           | call you, wouldn't you have exchanged your phone number to
           | begin with? Perhaps for the police and hospitals (or any
           | public safety) can perhaps have additional indicators
           | (provided they aren't spoofed) that can be automatically
           | whitelisted.
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | How much spam is driven through Twilio and other similar
       | companies?
        
       | ents wrote:
       | I had my Wordpress site SMS me a copy of each new contact form
       | just as a convenience for myself via Twilio. Twilios compliance
       | requirements for using SMS has become such a regulatory mess that
       | I deleted my Twilio account today. I am a reasonably bright
       | person and I am unbelievably confused regarding what I am
       | required to do to be in compliance.
       | 
       | I'll just use push notifications from here on out.
        
         | mr337 wrote:
         | I am in the same boat and we are transitioning to dump SMS all
         | together. What a headache to ditch.
        
         | joshstrange wrote:
         | Twilio is a dumpster fire. Trying to use it 100% legitimately,
         | respecting "STOP"s, and bending over backwards to comply with
         | every request they've made and they still randomly block us. So
         | not only do they fail at keeping spammers off their service
         | they are actively driving away paying legitimate customers.
         | 
         | I used to love them and they still might be good for a little
         | personal projects (though your story says otherwise) but I
         | would never pick them to use at scale. At one point they said
         | they needed the /exact/ text of every message we were going to
         | send ahead of time to approve before we sent it... Yeah that
         | doesn't work when you send OTPs (yes, yes, I know, we have to
         | have it as a fallback) or a user-specific/transaction-specific
         | url. So pretty much they only thing you could send is generic
         | marketing trash, cool...
        
           | thallium205 wrote:
           | You have to buy a short code to be treated well at Twilio.
        
           | yardstick wrote:
           | 6 digit OTPs? Time to send them every possible combination?
           | ;)
        
         | thesis wrote:
         | You're not wrong. It's horrible. Want to hear something even
         | more funny?
         | 
         | Twilio is forcing Tollfree Number registation and their current
         | timeline is 6 weeks to approve. Well a week or 2 ago they
         | decided that they wanted more data than what was currently
         | submitted. So everyone is currently being denied and having to
         | resubmit their registrations.
         | 
         | 10DLC / Local numbers is madness in and of itself too. Forcing
         | businesses to pay quarterly fees so these poor ol' carriers can
         | have more recurring rev.
        
         | travisjungroth wrote:
         | https://ntfy.sh/ is free and awesome for this purpose.
        
       | xbar wrote:
       | Thanks, Ajit Pai. Just in time.
        
       | anon223345 wrote:
       | Please do political ones too
        
         | MBCook wrote:
         | I don't think we'll get rid of legitimate political spam (no
         | matter how much most people want it). At least STOP works for
         | those.
         | 
         | But hopefully these same rules will help block the political
         | scam stuff. Fake announcements, wrong polling place/election
         | time info, libelous stuff not sent by legitimate (registered)
         | organizations, etc.
         | 
         | It's something.
        
           | inetknght wrote:
           | > _At least STOP works for those._
           | 
           | Hahaha no it doesn't.
        
             | reaperducer wrote:
             | _Hahaha no it doesn 't._
             | 
             | Then change phone companies.
             | 
             | When I send a STOP message, I get a message from AT&T
             | stating that the source number is now blocked from sending
             | any more text messages to my phone.
        
               | brewdad wrote:
               | I'm not sure that's the behavior I would want from STOP.
               | I have certainly sent STOP requests to retailers who over
               | inform me of every step along the fulfillment process and
               | each overnight stop as the item ships to me. I don't want
               | all that.
               | 
               | I DO however want to receive notice when my item is out
               | of stock or ready for in-store pickup if I chose that
               | option.
        
             | qaz_plm wrote:
             | STOP seems to get my number added to additional lists,
             | maybe by design.
        
               | inetknght wrote:
               | ...it's the same deal as replying to a spam email. All
               | that automation picks up on the fact that the destination
               | is more susceptible to an action than if you did nothing
               | at all.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | The problem is 99% of political SMS's I get are not for any
           | politician I can vote for. They're almost all from random
           | districts across the country.
           | 
           | I reply STOP and that always works for each individual
           | campaign organization, but the problem is there are thousands
           | of these orgs.
           | 
           | In the months before voting I'll sometimes get multiple a
           | day. Ugh.
        
             | Panino wrote:
             | > The problem is 99% of political SMS's I get are not for
             | any politician I can vote for. They're almost all from
             | random districts across the country.
             | 
             | I get this but via email, and they typically say it'll take
             | 2 weeks or more to stop sending me this unsolicited bulk
             | email. This is despite unsubscription being instantaneous.
             | 
             | Just as an aside, since high political office is a fairly
             | direct path to immense wealth, I think these unwanted mails
             | should be explicitly considered unsolicited, bulk
             | commercial email. This is the precise definition of spam
             | and we should _treat_ it as spam and not just _think_ of it
             | as such.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | > legitimate political spam
           | 
           | There's no such thing.
        
         | rdxm wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | wolverine876 wrote:
       | Finally, law enforcement starts to enfoce the law and protect
       | people. For some reason, the Internet (and adjacent services) is
       | treated as a fraud free-for-all.
       | 
       | When there's a ransomware attack or data exfiltration, nobody
       | says, 'where's the FBI?'. We just accept that the Internet is
       | criminal and lawless. Maybe enforcement against crypto fraud was
       | the first step.
        
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