[HN Gopher] Noncompete clauses: Companies say they need them, re...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Noncompete clauses: Companies say they need them, research shows
       that's not true
        
       Author : tekdude
       Score  : 203 points
       Date   : 2023-03-16 17:41 UTC (5 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (slate.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (slate.com)
        
       | JohnFen wrote:
       | > Employers say they need noncompete clauses in order to protect
       | their trade secrets and confidential information.
       | 
       | Which is such a clear and obvious lie that I'm amazed they even
       | bother to say it out loud. There already exist several
       | contractual and legal mechanisms that do a much better job of
       | protecting trade secrets and confidential information.
       | 
       | Noncompetes aren't needed for this, and are only marginally
       | useful for this at best.
        
         | marcus0x62 wrote:
         | I think part of what is going on here is that lawyers are
         | incentivized to identify and mitigate risk. They don't carry
         | the downside to over-mitigating risk -- in this case the
         | company writ large and employees do, but lawyers are penalized
         | -- or at least they perceive they will be penalized - if they
         | don't identify any conceivable risk for their clients.
         | 
         | There are also a lot of asshole business owners out there. A
         | friend once had a former employer successfully enforce a non-
         | compete agreement against him for structured cabling work while
         | his daughter was undergoing treatment for leukemia. He had to
         | drive 200 miles one-way to work for a year to avoid being sued.
         | For snaking Ethernet cables behind drywall.
        
         | tibbon wrote:
         | Surely some CEO here, or someone who has worked in HR can
         | illuminate us on how they believe this is true.
         | 
         | I once caught a company I worked for in the lie about this. I
         | was advocating for a new employee who didn't want to sign the
         | no-compete clause. They say they _needed_ it. I asked what
         | problems they had in California, and how it was impacting their
         | business - they replied there were no problems. So I was like,
         | "Ok, so if it isn't impacting you in CA, why do you think it
         | will impact elsewhere?"
         | 
         | In the end, they did hire that person, and did not make them
         | sign the non-compete.
        
           | ryandrake wrote:
           | Companies don't "believe" things. They will amorally advocate
           | for whatever is remotely favorable to the company.
           | 
           | There is no financial incentive for them to say "We don't
           | need noncompetes" or even "You know, it really doesn't affect
           | our bottom line either way." So instead they will always say
           | "Of course we need it." There's no downside.
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | > Companies don't "believe" things.
             | 
             | The people in charge of them cargo-cult like a
             | motherfucker, though.
        
             | AlexandrB wrote:
             | > Companies don't "believe" things. They will amorally
             | advocate for whatever is remotely favorable to the company.
             | 
             | I think this makes companies seem much more rational than
             | they actually are. Plenty of companies do things because
             | other players (especially larger players) in the space do
             | it, regardless of cost/benefit to themselves. Where do you
             | think the phrase "no one got fired for buying IBM" comes
             | from?
        
               | bell-cot wrote:
               | If you've been around high-level exec's or their lawyers
               | much - there's a _whole_ lotta  "what is the maximum
               | amount of sh*t that we could get away with, or at least
               | might benefit from attempting?" going on.
        
             | danaris wrote:
             | > Companies don't "believe" things.
             | 
             | This is technically correct. (The best kind of correct,
             | right?)
             | 
             | > They will amorally advocate for whatever is remotely
             | favorable to the company.
             | 
             | This is not (at least, not as universally as you state it).
             | 
             | Companies are legal fictions; they do not act on their own.
             | 
             |  _People_ act. People talk. People believe things. People
             | often amorally advocate for whatever they _believe_ will be
             | most favorable for their employer, or for themselves.
             | 
             | People are often wrong.
             | 
             | As companies are made up of _many_ people, those people 's
             | beliefs and actions don't always match up, so it's still
             | dangerous to talk too carelessly about a given company
             | "believing" any particular thing without qualifiers.
             | 
             | Any time someone talks about a company "doing something",
             | they obviously mean that the people within the company did
             | those things, and those people's actions are guided by
             | their individual and collective beliefs. They do not
             | suddenly become perfect automata operating solely for the
             | best interests of the company, without bias of their own,
             | and they _certainly_ don 't suddenly become perfectly able
             | to _determine_ what will best serve the interests of the
             | company.
        
           | garbagecoder wrote:
           | OK, I can try and steel man it for you. Warning, long.
           | 
           | California hasn't had noncompetes for a long time (B&P
           | 16600). But if you look in the code right around there, there
           | are a few carveouts that cover most of the situations that
           | are used most of the time for legitimate cases, like the
           | split up of a closely held company.
           | 
           | There are other extreme examples that use a slightly
           | different legal theory, like professional athlete contracts,
           | which also rely on the forbearance of the other teams from
           | employing the person in that specific role, though if Lebron
           | wanted to pour beers for the Knicks, I'm doubtful that's
           | covered. (Back when they were the worst team in existence, I
           | did some work for the Warriors.)
           | 
           | The real reason they're haven't been so many issues in
           | California is because they make you sign all kinds of things
           | about IP, trade secrets, and so on which they will always
           | start with if they really want to block a move. The courts
           | know the score, they know this is just non-compete by other
           | means, but if you cover your bases, it usually works (i.e.
           | move is ok). Your new employer knows the score too and will
           | usually just work a deal or fight the case. But if the cost
           | gets too high, or maybe you kept an email print out you
           | shouldn't have, it can get gnarly/expensive. And even just
           | that drag/delay is enough of a deterrent.
           | 
           | So what's left? An employee who leaves with no critical
           | information who just wants to open a competitor near by?
           | There are a few circumstances like this where it might
           | matter. Small company, key employee leaves, he has no IP, but
           | it will probably impact your business. So what do you do?
           | 
           | Realistically, you probably engage in guerrilla tactics. And
           | this brings me to my steel man.
           | 
           | How much of the oblique, bank-shot BS litigation (the
           | guerrilla tactics I mentioned) about "trade secrets" is
           | really just back door non-compete? That's your cost. Your
           | benefit is free movement of employees, which means employees
           | have more leverage in a freer market for labor and employers
           | have to run their business well and can't just collect rents
           | on their non-protectable intangibles, like being the only
           | iPhone repair shop in town.
           | 
           | If you had a fair, reasonable standard for non-competes that
           | had statutory limits and were void otherwise and that had to
           | be supported by separate consideration, sort of like how
           | we're trying to do employment arbitrations here, then I might
           | be interested whether this cancels out the BS trade-secret
           | litigation is enough of a benefit to outweigh the cost.
           | 
           | Of course, I doubt it. I've been involved with this stuff for
           | decades and it's never perfect, and I understand that other
           | states might want to be careful about adopting California
           | stuff, but this statute is so old that it's from when Earl
           | Warren was governor.
           | 
           | No one will miss these much. But I think the next question is
           | how to tone down these BS trade secret cases too.
           | 
           | Employers do have legitimate concerns in their IP, but those
           | are protected other ways. Maybe they don't believe that can
           | be done easily. Or maybe it's in your brain and you can't
           | unforget. Well, then the solution is in the IP universe, not
           | in keeping competition out.
           | 
           | tl;dr best argument is that it's the only practical way to
           | protect IP, but this can be addressed other ways both legal
           | (contracts, lawsuits) and nonlegal (cybersecurity), which is
           | exactly what people in CA have done sometimes too much.
        
             | treis wrote:
             | The pro sports restrictions are because they have a union
             | and a collective bargaining agreement. If it weren't for
             | that all the draft, trade, free agency, and so on rules
             | would be unenforceable.
        
               | garbagecoder wrote:
               | Sort of. There's a nexus between antitrust and the
               | unions, but in terms of why someone can't just quit and
               | go work for another team, that relies mostly on what's
               | called a "negative covenant" that's in all of the
               | standard player contracts and related clauses and it
               | involves jumping between leagues or even sports as well,
               | so the anti-trust surface is a bit different or possibly
               | not in the mix, and can also involve individual sports
               | like tennis or boxing. A lot of the other anti-
               | competitive things sports leagues get away with are
               | because of what you're talking about, but the reason
               | every California-based professional athlete can't just
               | rip up their contract and walk away is they have a
               | different kind of reasoning going into it based on their
               | rarity.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | These discussions often get very binary.
             | 
             | As you say, California companies have a ton of things they
             | can pull on departing employees--especially if those
             | employees did take IP or client lists out the door with
             | them.
             | 
             | In addition, while signing non-competes and having them
             | stringently enforced isn't quite a man bites dog situation
             | in other states, it's very far from universal. Only time I
             | had one was while I was briefly working for EMC (big non-
             | compete advocate) who acquired the company I was working
             | for. And, in that case, the non-compete only applied to
             | becoming an executive of a storage vendor.
             | 
             | I wasn't aware of non-competes being a widespread thing in
             | the MA computer industry at the time. The company I worked
             | for was actually founded by an ex-DEC engineer. That said,
             | I'm happy to see the current pushback. They definitely have
             | a chilling effect on especially small firms hiring people
             | because they're seen as a risk. The very small company I
             | worked for over a number of years saw any non-compete as a
             | hard pass.
        
               | garbagecoder wrote:
               | What I have told people, both as a business owner and as
               | an advisor to others is, there's this magical thing you
               | can do to keep employees from moving to other companies.
               | It almost always works. If it doesn't work, you can try
               | the second thing.
               | 
               | Wages and working conditions.
               | 
               | No one wants to hear that because they want a magic piece
               | of paper that makes all problems solved for cheap.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >It almost always works.
               | 
               | Maybe.
               | 
               | Wages can be hard if you end up having to compete with
               | FinTech, BigTech, and some other fields--or even just
               | some company that really wants a person.
               | 
               | And working conditions covers a lot of ground. People
               | just get itchy feet even when conditions aren't
               | objectively bad. Or they liked the company when it was
               | smaller but it has outgrown them.
               | 
               | But I'll agree that companies change and people change,
               | and both should just be prepared to move on when the
               | mutual bargain no longer works.
        
       | BrandoElFollito wrote:
       | Are non-compete one-way in the US?
       | 
       | Here in France we can have them as well but there is a
       | counterpart: if I want to go to a company which is a competitor,
       | my current employer can say no but they have to pay me for that
       | for the time of the non-compete (something like 75% of the
       | salary). This is the law and they have no choice (short of not
       | enforcing it)
        
         | galdor wrote:
         | French here. The exact amount is negotiated (aka decided by the
         | employer) and written in the contract. I had multiple work
         | contracts where the indemnity would have been 30% of my annual
         | salary, never more (which is actually pretty bad because you
         | still have to find a job without breaching the non-complete).
         | 
         | Non-compete clauses must also be limited in scope (geography
         | and profession) and must not stop employees to live from their
         | trade. As a result companies rarely exercise non-compete
         | clauses since they are regularly thrown away by courts
         | ("conseil des prud'hommes" in french).
         | 
         | Still they are part of the so called "standard work countract".
         | I imagine most companies just get their base contract copy-
         | pasted from the same template.
        
       | throw_m239339 wrote:
       | You can't have a society that claims that "the right to work" is
       | a thing while disallowing workers to go work for the competition
       | if the competition offers a better compensation. NDA already
       | exist for trade secrets.
        
         | thwayunion wrote:
         | Of course you can! It's what we have in the US. Don't confuse
         | capitalism -- the ideology of capital -- with marketism or
         | competitionism or dynamism.
         | 
         | If you take it as an axiom that capitalism is an ideology
         | designed to acreed economic activity to holders of capital --
         | and you should, it's literally in the name -- then "right to
         | work means union busting and strong non-competes that sacrifice
         | the right to work on the alter of return to capital" makes
         | perfect sense
        
           | AlexandrB wrote:
           | Reminds me of how "economic freedom" metrics usually
           | include[1] how easy it is to fire people, but not how
           | restricted employees are by non-competes and other measures
           | that make changing jobs harder. This seems to hinge on the
           | idea that employer-employee relationships are non-coercive
           | and potential employees can always "vote with their feet".
           | However, employees usually depend on having a job to live and
           | - whether through collusion or herd mentality - employers in
           | an industry tend to converge on a common set of restrictions
           | on their workers.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.fraserinstitute.org/economic-freedom/approach
           | 
           | > Many types of labor-market regulation infringe on the
           | economic freedom of employees and employers. Among the more
           | prominent are minimum wages, dismissal regulations,
           | centralized wage setting, extension of union contracts to
           | nonparticipating parties, and conscription. The labor-market
           | component (5B) is designed to measure the extent to which
           | these restraints upon economic freedom are present. In order
           | to earn high marks in the component rating regulation of the
           | labor market, a country must allow market forces to determine
           | wages and establish the conditions of hiring and firing, and
           | refrain from the use of conscription.
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | My most upvoted comment on HN is from some time ago specifically
       | about non-competes. In summary: fuck non-competes. I will not
       | sign them. I will not work for any company that puts non-competes
       | in their employment contracts. I will advocate that all of the
       | people in my professional network (all of whom are top of their
       | fields) do the same.
       | 
       | I have never seen a single convincing argument for why companies
       | need non-compete agreements for employees. Every single argument
       | I have been provided, including the arguments in this article,
       | are not even covered by non-compete agreements and are actually
       | covered by non-solicitation or non-disclosure agreements instead.
       | 
       | Non-competes are amoral, create a social and moral hazard that
       | depresses wages and further imbalances the power relationship
       | between employees and employers, and are on their face rather
       | stupid. There is not, and never has been, any legitimate reason
       | for any company to put a non-compete into their employment
       | contract. The only reason companies do this is because they're
       | allowed to and any competent corporate attorney will try to get
       | as much over on the other party as possible in a contract
       | negotiation.
       | 
       | This research is completely unsurprising to me. Anyone with more
       | than 5 brain cells to rub together can easily figure out that
       | non-competes are a total farce and have no reason for existence.
        
       | Mizoguchi wrote:
       | In my experience, at least with startups, non compete agreements
       | are often pushed and drafted by the legal team of the entities
       | investing in the business.
       | 
       | Investors want to be protected and their attorneys will do
       | anything that's necessary to make sure there aren't loopholes
       | left open for ideas to be stolen.
       | 
       | The result is poorly drafted and ridiculously broad non compete
       | clauses that would not be enforceable in most if not all states.
       | 
       | However even when they may not be enforceable (and you will hear
       | the hiring manager saying that 100 times), non competes can still
       | hurt candidates big time once they go back to the job market
       | because many companies actually have provisions to disqualify
       | those coming in with the extra baggage of a non compete.
       | 
       | If candidate A and B have very similar skills and experience and
       | A has a non compete and B doesn't, why would anyone bother with
       | A?
       | 
       | So it is true, non competes are in most cases non enforceable but
       | they can still reduce your chances of getting a (better) job.
       | 
       | I declined offers after months of negotiations because of non
       | competes and I would advise others to refuse to sign them, unless
       | you desperately need the job, the compensation package is amazing
       | or there are provisions or amendments to the clause, like a
       | reasonable garden leave, that compensates you for having to carry
       | a stinky non compete agreement on your forehead for an entire
       | year or more if things don't work out.
       | 
       | If they want the non compete, make them pay for it, don't pick up
       | the tab yourself.
        
         | thwayunion wrote:
         | _> non competes can still hurt candidates big time once they go
         | back to the job market because many companies actually have
         | provisions to disqualify those coming in with the extra baggage
         | of a non compete._
         | 
         | Get a lawyer, ensure it's not enforcable, then sign it.
         | 
         | If you're in CA, sign it. If you're in MA and there is no
         | garden leave clause, sign it. Then do what you want.
         | 
         | When a hiring company asks if you have a non-compete, specify:
         | "I am not bound by an enforceable non-compete". If they ask for
         | specifics, explain and mention the law firm you consulted. This
         | has always worked for me.
         | 
         | I suppose you could also just say you're not bound by a non-
         | compete, and leave it at that, as that's also not a lie. If I
         | sell myself into slavery in the USA, then I can -- without
         | lying -- tell everyone I'm definitely not a slave. Because I'm
         | definitely, absolutely, not. Non-competes are no different: if
         | it's prime facie unenforceable, then you are NOT bound by a
         | non-compete, full stop, end of story. But I like to be a bit
         | more up-front.
         | 
         |  _> If candidate A and B have very similar skills and
         | experience and A has a non compete and B doesn 't, why would
         | anyone bother with A?_
         | 
         | I've admittedly never been in this situation -- at least as far
         | as I know -- because my skill-set is pretty niche (ie, I am
         | pretty sure that I have always known all the other people in
         | the world who are interchangeable with me for a particular
         | position when I get to the stage of negotiating the offer).
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | > Get a lawyer, ensure it's not enforcable, then sign it. If
           | you're in CA, sign it. If you're in MA and there is no garden
           | leave clause, sign it. Then do what you want.
           | 
           | What if the law changes and now it's enforceable? What if you
           | move to another USA state, or to another country, and it's
           | enforceable there?
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | what if the people who hired you are total idiots and take
             | you to court anyways?
        
               | thwayunion wrote:
               | Counter-sue for damages consisting of the total value of
               | my foregone compensation package (which are typically 2-4
               | year packages). Triple real damages because enforcing a
               | prime facie unenforceable contract is an unfair and
               | deceptive business practice. I would be more than happy
               | to be the test case for this novel theory.
               | 
               | My strong suspicion is that no competent employer has the
               | balls to do anything other than settle the counter-suit
               | (less about the $ amount than the precedent), and my even
               | stronger suspicion is that I'd win the triple damages if
               | the poor sops in legal were desperate enough for a
               | severance package to try and fight.
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | _> What if the law changes and now it 's enforceable?_
             | 
             | Before that happened, I'd remind my lawmaker of both my
             | generous giving and also how valuable my personal time and
             | network has been, relative to any campaign donation, in
             | terms of winning and keeping the seat.
             | 
             | If it happened anyways, I'd move my primary residence.
             | 
             |  _> What if you move to another USA state, or to another
             | country, and it 's enforceable there?_
             | 
             | That's not how non-competes work in any US jurisdiction of
             | which I'm aware.
             | 
             | Even if it were: if a company wants my labor -- and enough
             | do that I'm not concerned about finding takers -- then they
             | have to hire me in a state where I'm comfortable with non-
             | compete law. I don't care about in office vs remote, but I
             | do care about non-compete law. Companies shop around
             | jurisdictions. In-demand labor should as well.
        
           | petsfed wrote:
           | >Get a lawyer, ensure it's not enforcable, then sign it.
           | 
           | There's a lot of daylight (and a few thousand dollars in
           | legal fees) between "would be thrown out upon casual perusal"
           | and "is not technically enforceable, but we'd have to
           | litigate in front of a sympathetic judge".
           | 
           | The issue has never, EVER been whether or not Jimmy John's
           | non-compete is enforceable, its that a person leaving a Jimmy
           | John's for a $0.50/hr raise at the Burger King across the
           | street can't afford to litigate it, and the Burger King
           | franchisee definitely won't pay to litigate it.
           | 
           | For those of us who can afford a lawyer to analyze a non-
           | compete clause (and the barest of legal fees necessary to
           | show in front of a judge such a clause), they aren't really
           | an issue. But that's actually a pretty small subset of the
           | population.
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | Totally agreed. My advice is targeted at laborers and
             | employers who can afford the fight.
             | 
             | BTW, there's a lot of money to be made here by an
             | enterprising lawyer. The laws have been moving fast and
             | most companies -- even those that should know better and
             | will get very little sympathy -- aren't playing by the
             | rules.
        
           | InfamousRece wrote:
           | You have to be careful with that. Sometimes unenforceable
           | non-compete can be amended by a judge and become enforceable.
           | I believe the term is "blue pencil" rule vs "red pencil"
           | rule.
           | 
           | Reference: https://www.upcounsel.com/blue-pencil-rule
        
             | thwayunion wrote:
             | Inapplicable in my case.
             | 
             | First, the state's statute is _extremely_ clearly worded.
             | The amount of judicial activism required for me not to win
             | some substantial monetary damages -- at least a multiple of
             | garden leave -- would go far beyond taking a pencil to the
             | contract; it would require substantially rewriting plainly
             | worded statute itself. That 's not a blue pencil; it's a
             | sledgehammer to the constitution.
             | 
             | Second, I'm in an "equitably" state. A core claim of the
             | counter-suit would be that I'm been deprived of a
             | low-8-figure compensation package due to litigation.
             | Lawsuits take years. No blue pencil can "reset" the
             | contract to an equitable state without first evaluating
             | that counter-claim. That's the point of the counter-suit,
             | btw. I don't need the fucking money.
             | 
             | Anyways, given the composition of our judiciary, I think
             | all of my previous and existing employers lack the balls to
             | risk the precedent we'd be working to establish. Especially
             | since, in order to establish that precedent, I'd settle for
             | a Pyrrhic victory. (I have shitloads of cash, live a monk's
             | life, and will burn the world down to kill non-competes.
             | Corporations are hyper-rational sociopaths, and if you're
             | going to work for one you need to play the game theory
             | accordingly.)
             | 
             | That said...
             | 
             | 1. IANAL.
             | 
             | 2. I have a lawyer but my lawyer is not your lawyer.
             | 
             | 3. Get a lawyer to review anything you sign, before
             | signing.
        
       | CatWChainsaw wrote:
       | Pair this story with the other one that made the front page -
       | about Meta paying employees not to work, but not to work for
       | their rival FAANGs. And yet I'd be surprised if there weren't a
       | horde of lawyers that go to bat on behalf of employees trying to
       | hop to a different Big Name but have to deal with noncompetes.
       | It's a weird world in the Valley.
       | 
       | When you put those two approaches side by side, you're almost
       | forced to say Meta did it better, simply because if an employee
       | bound by a noncompete can't work for a rival, at least Meta was
       | paying them not to.
        
         | paxys wrote:
         | > And yet I'd be surprised if there weren't a horde of lawyers
         | that go to bat on behalf of employees trying to hop to a
         | different Big Name but have to deal with noncompetes. It's a
         | weird world in the Valley.
         | 
         | The difference is that non-competes are (mostly) illegal in
         | California, so silicon valley tech companies don't use them at
         | all. Meta has no choice but to employ and pay developers if
         | they want to stop Google from having them.
        
           | CatWChainsaw wrote:
           | Right, right, the California Exception to Everything...
           | 
           | At a past job, there was a 2-year noncompete clause that
           | stated I could not work with any company, anywhere in the
           | world, who currently competes _or might someday compete_ with
           | the company I was at. I 'm in the biotech industry, so I was
           | unimpressed when I first read that. I can only imagine it was
           | designed to intimidate people who would take that clause at
           | its word, not realizing it was so broad and vague that it
           | would be unenforceable.
        
       | bediger4000 wrote:
       | So noncompetes are just a result of the human tendency to assert
       | control wherever possible?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | moosey wrote:
         | This tendency is not necessarily human. There are enormous
         | numbers of humans disinterested in control of others, or their
         | environment, etc.
         | 
         | Those who want control might suggest otherwise, and they might
         | actually believe it, but that's just lack of creativity
         | (thinking of other possible worldviews) or empathy (realizing
         | that others might see things differently).
        
           | Buttons840 wrote:
           | Yup. In a group of 100 people, if only one wants control,
           | guess who will probably get control? Paradoxically, it's
           | probably the last person you want having control.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | Noncompetes are an attempt by companies to deny potential
         | resources to their competitors. Nothing more or less than that.
         | 
         | That's why they're unethical -- they're using a former employee
         | as a kind of cannon fodder in a business war.
        
           | rgbrenner wrote:
           | If that's all they were, then we would have never seen
           | companies create broad non competes that deprive a person of
           | their livelihood.
           | 
           | I agree that's one purpose, but I think another is to
           | penalize the employee for leaving, discouraging them from
           | doing so... and as a result increasing retention and/or
           | reducing the pressure on the company to deliver increased
           | benefits and wages in the future.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | Yes, this is an excellent point.
             | 
             | Interestingly, when I am presented with an employment
             | contract, there are two things that often appear and that I
             | always require to be removed: noncompete clauses and
             | wording that assigns the rights to all of the work I do
             | (even work that does not use my employer's time, resources,
             | or knowledge) to my employer.
             | 
             | I have never once had an employer refuse to remove or
             | modify those terms, but a couple of times it took a bit of
             | negotiation to get there.
        
           | sonotathrowaway wrote:
           | Jimmy John's forced fast food employees to sign non-competes.
           | 
           | The labor pool of potential fast food workers is so vast, and
           | the number of employees is so vast that it's very clear these
           | non competes were intended to threaten workers and suppress
           | wages.
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | More like--if you can do something that's very, very unlikely
         | to benefit you, but also costs _you_ nothing and cannot hurt
         | you, you may as well do it (unless you care about, like, ethics
         | or any of that mumbo-jumbo)
        
       | skeletal88 wrote:
       | In europe, in my country, the company that wants to enforce their
       | non-compete has to pay the former employee their salary for the
       | duration of the non-compete. I mean if i was working at a bank
       | diing ordinsry software development like is done at all the banks
       | then if they want me not to use my knowledge of payment schedule
       | snd late fee calculations at other banks then they have to
       | compensare for it.
       | 
       | This change in the law killed all the non-competes for software
       | developers, because it was ridiculous. If you wsnt me not to work
       | then pay me for my time.
        
       | GreedClarifies wrote:
       | I've never fully understood the market failure here.
       | 
       | Let's assume no Monopsony. Let's assume no collusion by
       | employers, since this is explicitly illegal, indeed it did
       | happen, but the tech firms were slapped on the wrist for it.
       | 
       | Why do employees not attempt to strike out those portions of
       | their contract? Why does no entrepreneur create a tech company
       | with one of the innovations being a no "non-compete" clause and
       | using that to woo employees?
       | 
       | My guess is that employees do not actually dislike non-complete
       | clauses that they would accept a lower wage in compensation for
       | no "non-compete".
        
         | mjevans wrote:
         | * A huge difference in power between the parties.
         | 
         | * Lack of laws. Non-competes should be treated as an exclusive
         | employment by the company, to expressly NOT work on any of the
         | covered topics. They must be funded.
        
           | GreedClarifies wrote:
           | Who has more "power" in the arrangement seems to be a
           | function of the business cycle. Employees, in tech (we are on
           | hackernews), had far more power 1-2 years ago.
           | 
           | Why does there need to be a law here? Why don't employees
           | say: "If you want a non-compete you have to pay me $X/hr
           | more" or conversely if non-competes are common : "you can pay
           | me $X/hr less if there is no non-compete".
           | 
           | That this doesn't happen, and that there isn't a wiley
           | entrepreneur out there figuring out that "if everyone would
           | take X less for non-compete job, I'll offer then X/2 and make
           | bank!". Since this doesn't happen, this means that employees
           | don't care much at all.
        
         | nickff wrote:
         | Most people value compensation in the short term over the
         | absence of a non-compete in the long term.
        
           | GreedClarifies wrote:
           | Yes. I agree.
           | 
           | I think this is the root of the problem. They do not attempt
           | to compute a price.
        
       | tombert wrote:
       | I certainly understand _why_ companies do this, but often these
       | non-competes are so overly broad to a point of being farcical.
       | 
       | When I was at Apple, in my free time, I started hacking on a
       | clone of Plex Server. I had gotten multiple emails around the
       | time saying that open-source policies have changed, and every
       | open source contribution needs to be approved by the VP of
       | technology, which sufficiently scared me. I managed to get a
       | meeting with the VP of tech when I was in California, and while
       | he was extremely polite, his response was that because my project
       | dealt with video, and Apple _sells_ video, it 's therefore
       | competitive, so I need to immediately stop working on it. [1]
       | 
       | It honestly kind of soured my opinion of the company, and I
       | subsequently became a kind of crappy worker, because I stopped
       | really caring if I made Apple better. I stayed on for about 1.5
       | years after that, and accomplished very little in the aftermath.
       | 
       | If he had just let me open source my stupid project that, lets be
       | honest, would not have diverted a _single_ dollar away from
       | Apple, I think they would have gotten much better work from me by
       | the end of my time there.
       | 
       | [1] Yes, obviously I could work on it in secret, and maybe it was
       | a fools errand to ask permission on this, but I really didn't
       | think Apple was going to be so overly broad with their definition
       | of "competitive".
        
         | Arch-TK wrote:
         | Really their policy on open source programming while working
         | there is one of the main reasons I have never considered
         | applying there.
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | noncompetes that don't include full compensation for the period
       | of the noncompete are purely a tool for wage suppression. That
       | uncompensated noncompetes are legal, let alone a thing that
       | companies do, is abhorrent.
        
         | madsbuch wrote:
         | they are not in Denmark. in Denmark you can only enforce a non
         | compete, if you compensate (not 100% salary though)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Garden leave is a pretty imperfect mechanism. Given
           | bonuses/RSUs and benefits, even 100% base salary could
           | represent a 50% compensation cut plus the potential cost of
           | taking a year break mid-career. Sure, some would be happy to
           | sign up but a lot wouldn't really want to be in that
           | position.
        
             | olliej wrote:
             | Oh I agree entirely, the compensation should match your
             | opportunity in industry. Specifically if you can get an
             | offer for total compensation X and your current employer
             | chooses to say you can't work at that other company, your
             | current employer gets to match X plus say a 20-30% premium
             | to compensate for lost year of experience, lost year of
             | promotions, etc and to try and say "do you really want to
             | inflict this noncompete on people?". Note that you would
             | not be employed by your current/former employer, they are
             | paying you to not work for a competitor but if they require
             | you to do work for them then they're just reseting the non-
             | compete period.
             | 
             | My goal in limiting NCAs would be for employers: "you
             | cannot use non competes to artificially lower employee
             | compensation, as your total cost will be much very
             | expensive"; and for individuals: "if you are subject to an
             | NCA you will actually be compensated for that period".
             | 
             | It would also mean you can do industry standard practice of
             | changing jobs to increase compensation even while subject
             | to an NCA as they would be required to pay you more than
             | the "competitor" if you get an offer and they want to
             | prevent you taking it. Again the goal is to prevent the use
             | of NCAs for wage suppression - the company requiring the
             | NCA would have to be really dedicated to their belief the
             | NCA is needed.
        
             | madsbuch wrote:
             | I am not entirely sure if you juxtapose the legal framework
             | for Danish non-competes and garden leave. But assuming you
             | do: In Denmark you are formally not employed, and you are
             | free (actually obligated) to look for other job
             | opportunities. You just can't, well, compete. So you can
             | not take employment in a competitors company etc.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | So, if you're a lawyer, you just can't work as a lawyer.
               | Or at least you need to work for a different type of
               | company which may not be easy to do depending on your
               | specialty. In fact, forcing someone to look for work
               | doing something different seems like an even worse
               | outcome than letting them do whatever personal activities
               | they want for a year at reduced pay.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | > you need to work for a different type of company
               | 
               | This is the correct interpretation.
               | 
               | There is a max time of 6 months for non-compete (and non-
               | solicit). So in practice this is never an issue - you
               | just wait out your 6 months.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Except what normally happens for professional jobs in the
               | US is that someone lines up a new job, _then_ they quit
               | (and maybe take a few weeks off between jobs). In
               | general, in the US, not being able to start a new job for
               | 6 months would be a non-starter in many situations. And,
               | while some occupations may be very hot, depending upon
               | your age /experience/etc. being able to just quit and
               | count on quickly lining something up when you start
               | looking seems risky.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | I am not advocating this system at all, merely pointing
               | out that in Denmark there are protections for employees
               | and a requirement for the employer to pay.
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | So... you're free to change employer as long as you are
               | willing to take a pay cut to work outside your field?
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | Yes, for a maximum of 6 months, which is the maximum time
               | you can enforce a non-compete in Denmark.
        
               | olliej wrote:
               | Right, and so you should be compensated at the rate of
               | the profession your former employer is preventing you
               | from working.
               | 
               | I don't see why an employer gets to say "well actually if
               | you want to change your job you have to take a massive
               | pay cut for 6 months. oh that means you can't afford your
               | mortgage? ... that must suck. Have you considered working
               | here for your current compensation indefinitely? that way
               | you can keep your house"
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | Yep, that sounds reasonable.
        
               | tedajax wrote:
               | OK so... I can't work in my chosen field now? Seems
               | pretty stupid.
        
               | madsbuch wrote:
               | Yes, for a maximum of 6 months, which is the maximum time
               | you can enforce a non-compete in Denmark.
        
       | DesiLurker wrote:
       | what else is new, companies also said child labor laws will wreck
       | business.
        
         | fabianhjr wrote:
         | s/said/say/
         | 
         | And along with the GOP are working to remove those
         | laws/restrictions.
         | 
         | https://businessinsider.mx/fair-labor-standards-act-hiring-c...
        
           | twiddling wrote:
           | When you can't bring in sufficient numbers through
           | immigration, you expand the labor pool in other ways.
        
             | rgbrenner wrote:
             | There are sufficient numbers... they expand the labor pool
             | to reduce pressure on employers to increase pay and
             | benefits. Need people desperate if you want to keep paying
             | $7.25/hr.
             | 
             | The bottom end of the labor market has the most slack...
             | it's the last place in the labor market where you need
             | additional supply.
        
           | gabereiser wrote:
           | Somebody has to work the BBQ pit for $8/hr... Teens want
           | $20/hr and don't work. I bet we could get their little
           | brother to do it for $8.
           | 
           | /s
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | You're being sarcastic, but other people aren't.
        
             | sonotathrowaway wrote:
             | Actually, they're using kids to clean slaughterhouses and
             | assemble cars.
        
           | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
           | And also the Democrats.
           | 
           | https://newjerseymonitor.com/2022/07/06/teens-in-n-j-can-
           | wor...
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | One of these things is not like the other:
             | 
             | https://docs.legis.wisconsin.gov/2021/related/proposals/sb3
             | 3...
             | 
             | https://www.njleg.state.nj.us/bill-search/2022/A4222/bill-
             | te...
             | 
             | I bet you can guess who proposed which bill.
        
               | ToValueFunfetti wrote:
               | If you want to argue that it's okay to roll back child
               | labor laws to allow some children to work 50 hours per
               | week over the summer but that it's not okay to roll back
               | child labor laws to let children work as late as 9:30 on
               | a school night, be my guest. I tend to agree that the
               | Wisconsin bill is worse.
               | 
               | The parent comment implied that it is always wrong to
               | remove child labor laws, and that the GOP is the awful,
               | backwards party that is doing it anyway. If you concede
               | that it is okay to remove some child labor laws, in the
               | words of the old joke, "Now we're just negotiating." I
               | prefer that level of nuance over partisan ragebait.
               | 
               | If you meant to say something else, posting the full
               | content of both bills is not as illustrative of your
               | point as you might think.
        
             | Animats wrote:
             | Huh.
             | 
             | The Jersey shore has, for some reason, been the vacation
             | spot run by teen labor.
             | 
             | When you read these stories, the sense of entitlement of
             | low-wage employers comes through strongly. If they aren't
             | getting a steady supply of cheap labor, they get frantic
             | and lobby for more cheap labor.
             | 
             | Last week it was slaughterhouse workers. Countries that
             | don't have a big underclass have to automate.[1]
             | 
             | [1] https://scottautomation.com/en/industry/meat-processing
        
       | cronix wrote:
       | That is the first thing I redline in any potential contract. I've
       | never had serious push back beyond, "oh, um, that's just
       | boilerplate from our legal team. You're the first person who has
       | said anything."
       | 
       | It's basically along the lines of, "we know you have talent in x
       | niche, which is why we are hiring you. However, you will no
       | longer be allowed to work in that niche if we part ways for
       | whatever reason" Yeah, ok.
        
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