[HN Gopher] Trichloroethylene: An invisible cause of Parkinson's...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Trichloroethylene: An invisible cause of Parkinson's disease?
        
       Author : Stratoscope
       Score  : 248 points
       Date   : 2023-03-15 03:24 UTC (19 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (content.iospress.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (content.iospress.com)
        
       | eternityforest wrote:
       | I think this is what someone I knew used. He had all kinds of
       | health problems, diabetes, vision issues, heart problems, and he
       | suspected it was from some electronics related chlorinated
       | solvent.
       | 
       | It's also in brake cleaner, which I have no idea how anyone
       | tolerates that stuff.
       | 
       | I've never in my life been in a situation where I wanted a
       | stronger solvent than acetone, I'm very skeptical most of these
       | harsh cleaning chemicals are actually needed outside specialist
       | industrial uses.
       | 
       | There's a lot of chemicals that do basically the same thing with
       | widely varying desire to kill you. I don't understand why people
       | like the dangerous ones.
       | 
       | They say it works better but what does that mean? Saves a few
       | minutes? Gets it cleaner? Are people seeing failures in the field
       | because of the less toxic alternatives leaving residue? Does it
       | even matter at all how clean or not some of this stuff is? Is it
       | just gonna get covered in more grease in 5 minutes?
        
         | Vrondi wrote:
         | Gosh, I've watched an old school mechanics clean misc items and
         | even their hands with brake cleaner many times...
        
           | h2odragon wrote:
           | Its great for cleaning guns without having to disassemble
           | them. Half assed but better than nothing, aka "field
           | expedient"
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | code_duck wrote:
         | Having worked in art-related fields which involve various
         | dangerous processes, many people are cavalier about the dangers
         | of toxins. They do not accept that safety equipment or
         | precautions are worth the effort, and often gauge danger by
         | whether they feel ill immediately so long/medium term hazards
         | are ignored. It's a combination of machismo, laziness and
         | ignorance.
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | The stuff I have here says "C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes,
         | cyclics, <5% n-hexane.
         | 
         | So basically, "tin of shit that's too thin to call petrol",
         | here in the UK.
         | 
         | I haven't seen the chlorinated stuff for years, either.
        
           | ndsipa_pomu wrote:
           | I use isopropyl alcohol for cleaning bicycle brake discs -
           | that evaporates away without leaving residue, but you don't
           | want to be inhaling too many fumes from it.
        
             | Gordonjcp wrote:
             | Pretty much any of this stuff - including the chlorinated
             | stuff - is okay as long as you're using it somewhere well-
             | ventilated and not making a habit of getting it on you.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I remember that if you use brake cleaner on hot parts, you
         | would get a really really toxic chemical.
         | 
         | EDIT: phosgene gas.
         | 
         |  _Chlorinated brake cleaner containing tetrachloroethylene
         | will, on exposure to high temperatures (above 500 degF (260
         | degC)) or strong UV light, decompose into phosgene and hydrogen
         | chloride, both of which are extremely dangerous if inhaled._
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brake_cleaner
        
           | boilerupnc wrote:
           | I used to work in an automotive wire manufacturing plant. One
           | of the plastic coatings we used was PVC. When the operators
           | would have quality problems (centering the copper within a
           | few mm of the plastic sheath or uneven sheath surface
           | defects), they would suspect their tooling (tip + die) was in
           | some way dirty or compromised. The proper way to remediate
           | was to shut down the line (plastics extruder, pulleys, etc)
           | and replace the tooling with a fresh clean set. Then restart.
           | Total cycle time might be 30 mins. Unfortunately, this came
           | at great expense to the operator in lost efficiency since
           | they were paid by productivity (how much good quality wire
           | was produced during their shift) which obviously took a
           | serious hit. So, in spite of warnings about the dangers of
           | toxic fumes (phosgene), they would take the personally
           | efficient and lucrative shortcut of running a blow torch
           | against the suspect tooling while the line was in motion
           | until the quality "wrinkle" was ironed out (e.g some rogue
           | piece of hardened plastic on the tooling has been
           | melted/burnt away). Problem solved and paycheck protected. It
           | was a daily occurrence to see little plumes of smoke
           | regularly wafting upward periodically across 7-8 separate
           | production lines and settling in the top 1/3 of the factory
           | airspace. Phosgene was undoubtedly a large component. No
           | amount of admonishment and warning can be effective when it
           | hits the operators wallet. For those unaware of phosgene, "
           | When vinyl chloride burns, it releases hazardous chemicals
           | such as phosgene and hydrogen chloride into the air. Phosgene
           | is a colorless gas with a pungent odor that can cause
           | vomiting and breathing difficulties" [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://trulaw.com/the-dangers-of-vinyl-chloride-
           | phosgene-an...
        
             | Vrondi wrote:
             | Phosgene is heavier than air (and so it sinks to ground
             | level). That's why it was used in trench warfare in WWI. It
             | would have stayed down where the workers were, not floated
             | up by the ceiling. Those would have been other toxins up
             | there.
        
               | boilerupnc wrote:
               | Interesting. And Yikes! That's even worse than I thought
               | for all of us on the shop floor. There was so much
               | particulate in the air on a regular basis that a white
               | paper taped on the wall at the start of the day was gray
               | by lunch time. No masks. Appreciate the additional
               | insight.
        
         | inferiorhuman wrote:
         | It's also in brake cleaner
         | 
         | It pays to check the (M)SDS. Chlorinated brake cleaner is nasty
         | stuff, real dangerous if you're using it on something you want
         | to weld. However, I haven't seen chlorinated brake cleaner in
         | California since I was a kid. Lately they've been cracking down
         | on the non-chlorinated stuff due to VOCs. The non-chlorinated
         | stuff I use is acetone, naptha, heptane+n-heptane, and CO2.
         | 
         | Acetone is blissfully not so toxic but it is extremely
         | volatile, which is both a safety and a practical concern. I
         | bought a small flask of the stuff recently from the big box
         | store and you could not buy it at the self-checkout.
         | 
         | The chlorinated stuff is just a better solvent. Dries faster,
         | leaves less residue (than some non-chlorinated versions), and
         | is better at dissolving the greasy funk. Generally it's not
         | enough of an improvement, even if you have the chlorinated
         | stuff at your disposal.
        
           | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
           | This is a popular brake cleaner sold on Amazon [0] that I
           | bought some time ago, I'm not sure but reading through the
           | SDS it seems it does not contain TCE? It says it contains
           | "Hydrocarbons, C6-C7, n-alkanes, isoalkanes, cyclics, <5%
           | n-hexane"[1]
           | 
           | [0] https://www.amazon.de/gp/product/B005510S9M/
           | 
           | [1] https://www.service.european-
           | aerosols.com/en/products/presto...
        
             | inferiorhuman wrote:
             | There are two common types of brake cleaner available in
             | most of the United States: chlorinated and non-chlorinated.
             | The big advantage of retail packaging is that it's
             | typically in an aerosol can so you have the added perk of
             | mechanical cleaning action. I typically use CRC brand stuff
             | since it's easy to find, doesn't seem to harm most of the
             | PA6/66 plastic under the hood, and works well. In not-
             | California CRC markets the chlorinated brake cleaner with a
             | red label and the non-chlorinated stuff with a green label.
             | In California it's _all_ non-chlorinated (potentially all
             | low-VOC now too) despite the red /green cans having
             | different SKUs. I suspect that the EU outlawed the
             | chlorinated stuff a while back as they're typically more
             | proactive than not-California.
        
             | jabl wrote:
             | I didn't look at the links, but from the ingredients list
             | you posted, yes those are pure hydrocarbons, nothing
             | chlorinated.
        
           | actually_a_dog wrote:
           | > Acetone is blissfully not so toxic...
           | 
           | I'll say. Oak Ridge National Lab has this to say about the
           | toxicity of acetone:
           | 
           | > Acetone (CAS No. 67-64-1) is a clear, colorless, highly
           | flammable liquid with a vapor pressure of 182 mm Hg at 20C
           | (Morgott, 1993). It is completely miscible in water and
           | soluble in organics such as benzene and ethanol (ATSDR,
           | 1994). Its log Kow has been estimated to be -0.24 (ATSDR,
           | 1994). Acetone is used primarily as a solvent and chemical
           | intermediate, and it is also found in some consumer products
           | such as nail polish remover (Inoue, 1983; Kumai et al.,
           | 1983).
           | 
           | https://rais.ornl.gov/tox/profiles/acetone.html
           | 
           | Given a choice between the chlorinated stuff, and something
           | one can drink half a shot glass of and not suffer any toxic
           | effects, I'll take the acetone any day.
           | 
           | I generally buy my acetone online, BTW. It's relatively easy
           | to buy small quantities of pure acetone, because it's sold as
           | nail polish remover.
        
             | beeforpork wrote:
             | > Given a choice between the chlorinated stuff, and
             | something one can drink half a shot glass of and not suffer
             | any toxic effects, I'll take the acetone any day.
             | 
             | Fun fact: if you drink isopropyl alcohol, your body
             | metabolises it (partly) to acetone, which you can smell and
             | taste. But, well, don't drink either anyway. :-)
        
             | giantg2 wrote:
             | I think many nail polish removers aren't pure, so you have
             | to check. Usually hardware stores have cans of acetone
             | without any additives.
        
             | inferiorhuman wrote:
             | Well, even in California, you can buy pure acetone OTC -
             | you just have to interact with a human cashier who probably
             | won't even know why the self-checkout refuses to let you
             | buy it. I don't care one way or another except that the big
             | box stores try to push you towards the self-checkout lanes.
             | 
             | Nail polish remover, like non-ethyl alcohol, is likely to
             | be adulterated (e.g. with scents or crap to soften your
             | cuticles, etc.). Depending on how clean you need something
             | to be it may be an issue (and you probably _can_ find high
             | test nail polish remover). I was removing these infernal
             | stickers from cooking implements so I went with the big box
             | store. Depending on what you 're working with you may still
             | need to wipe it down with isopropyl anyhow.
        
               | actually_a_dog wrote:
               | > Nail polish remover, like non-ethyl alcohol, is likely
               | to be adulterated
               | 
               | Not if you buy the stuff that literally says "pure
               | acetone," _e.g._ https://www.amazon.com/Onyx-
               | Professional-Acetone-Remover-Fas...
               | 
               | I was going to suggest that the only "adulterant" likely
               | to be in something labeled "pure acetone" would be water
               | from the air, but Stack Exchange suggests differently: ht
               | tps://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54341/acetone
               | -...
        
               | jabl wrote:
               | Acetone bought from your local shop that sells car spare
               | parts, tools, and whatnot is likely several orders of
               | magnitude cheaper than the same acetone bought from the
               | cosmetics department. I keep offering my bottle of
               | acetone to my SO but she insist on using the cosmetics
               | department version. ;)
        
         | rspeele wrote:
         | Having used TCE to clean heavily fouled parts I can't emphasize
         | enough how much better it is than acetone. It's really not
         | close. Acetone might as well be water compared to TCE. TCE
         | makes years of caked-on, baked-on crud wipe off like it was
         | never there. And 30 seconds later not a trace of residue will
         | remain. In the extremely rare case that something is _hard_ to
         | clean with TCE, that same thing will be nearly _impossible_ to
         | clean with a less evil substance.
         | 
         | Don't get me wrong, I have zero doubt it causes cancer and God-
         | only-knows what else. The stuff is like an eraser for physical
         | reality. Whatever tiny droplets of it you breathe in, are
         | desperately trying to clean your nasty organs away and leave a
         | gleaming, residue-free skeleton behind. I suspect it could
         | clean the face right off your head like in the end scene of
         | Raiders of the Lost Ark.
         | 
         | I no longer use it. For my purposes anything that can't be
         | cleaned without TCE, doesn't need to be cleaned that badly. But
         | I _do_ get why it was used so much.
        
       | frankus wrote:
       | An interesting quirk of TCE is that it's a "dense non-aqueous
       | phase liquid" (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dense_non-
       | aqueous_phase_liquid), which means that it sinks in water
       | generally and groundwater specifically, making it hard to
       | remediate.
        
       | JPLeRouzic wrote:
       | Thanks for posting this, neurodegenrative diseases are horrible
       | but at the same time this is a review of the literature.
       | 
       | They are reporting about feeding mice with 400 mg/kg/day during 6
       | to 8 weeks. For humans, this is equivalent to 33mg/kg/day. So for
       | a 80kg body: 2.6g, half a sugar cube every day.
       | 
       | If you feed an animal (including us) with unreasonable levels of
       | most anything you will observe weird stuff.
       | 
       | For example feeding mice with high fat diets gives them a kind of
       | Alzheimer disease.
        
         | adrianN wrote:
         | If you're unsure whether there is an effect you probably want
         | to start with a very high dose to justify funding for follow-up
         | studies that determine which dose is safe.
        
         | throwaway12245 wrote:
         | > feeding mice with high fat diets gives them a kind of
         | Alzheimer disease. Do you have a link for this.
         | 
         | I found this: "However, some of these diets contain levels of
         | dietary fat that are much higher than the levels that humans
         | routinely consume. The question has been raised as to whether
         | experimental use of these diets with very high levels of fat
         | adequately models the situation of human obesity."
         | https://www.nature.com/articles/s41366-019-0363-7
        
         | Gordonjcp wrote:
         | That's a lot of anything to dose with.
         | 
         | It reminds me a bit of the datasheet for sodium chloride -
         | common table salt - that describes the skin contact LD50 (the
         | amount that is a lethal dose for 50% of a population of test
         | rabbits) as ">25kg".
         | 
         | So what do we read from that? If you drop a sack of salt
         | weighing as much as an eight-year-old child on a series of
         | rabbits, roughly half of them will die? I can't say I'm *very*
         | surprised...
        
           | thaumasiotes wrote:
           | > So what do we read from that? If you drop a sack of salt
           | weighing as much as an eight-year-old child on a series of
           | rabbits, roughly half of them will die?
           | 
           | No, you should read exactly what it says. If you put a series
           | of rabbits in skin contact with 25kg of salt each, _less_
           | than half of them will die. That 's how we know the LD50 is
           | greater than 25 kilograms.
           | 
           | I assume 25 kilograms was the limit of testing, and that's
           | why the result is reported the way it is.
           | 
           | I'm also willing to go out on a limb and assume the number of
           | test rabbits that died from being put in skin contact with
           | 25kg of salt was zero, which is less than half of the test
           | pool as long as it contained a positive number of rabbits.
        
             | jodrellblank wrote:
             | I'd be surprised if a rabbit has enough skin surface area
             | to be in contact with more than about 1Kg of salt. How
             | could the skin contact test continue past the point where
             | extra salt wasn't in skin contact?
        
               | Gordonjcp wrote:
               | Put the rabbit and the salt in a sealed container and
               | pump the air out to expand the rabbit?
        
               | thaumasiotes wrote:
               | If you assume that solid salt can't flow, then it can't.
               | 
               | But for e.g. a contact poison absorbed through the skin,
               | sticking your finger into a large pool of the stuff might
               | get you a bigger dose than sticking your finger into a
               | tiny puddle, even with little to no difference in surface
               | area of skin making contact.
               | 
               | Going back to salt, it is known and used for its ability
               | to draw water out of other materials. If you stay in
               | contact with a large quantity of salt, it will kill you
               | through dehydration, because even though it can't flow,
               | the water that you contain can. Your skin should have a
               | good amount of resistance to this; the inside of your
               | nostrils, or an open wound, not so much.
               | 
               | I'm speculating here; if you really want a definitive
               | answer, you'll need to find someone who creates data for
               | MSDS sheets.
        
             | Gordonjcp wrote:
             | > I'm also willing to go out on a limb and assume the
             | number of test rabbits that died from being put in skin
             | contact with 25kg of salt was zero,
             | 
             | Depending on what height it was applied from
             | 
             | > less than half of the test pool as long as it contained a
             | positive number of rabbits.
             | 
             | Positive integer number of rabbits, with any luck, although
             | I suspect in this instance imaginary rabbits may have been
             | used. Definitely not complex ones though.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | misja111 wrote:
             | > ... as long as it contained a positive number of rabbits.
             | 
             | That seems a pretty safe assumption.
        
           | phkahler wrote:
           | It's different if dropping the salt crushes the animals, gets
           | eaten and causes a heart attack, burns off their fur, causes
           | bleeding, or causes Parkinson disease. That last one is so
           | odd you'd take note of any high dose of anything causing it.
           | Like TFA suggests, this is reason for further investigation.
        
           | eshack94 wrote:
           | The last part of your comment feels like it should be the
           | punchline for an xkcd comic.
        
             | JPLeRouzic wrote:
             | Ha, ha, sorry if it looks odd, English is not my native
             | tongue.
        
           | DuckFeathers wrote:
           | Not very different from study designs used by pharmaceuticals
           | to show that their new patent-pending drug outperforms the
           | generic one. They deliberately design it so that the
           | competing drug isn't the right dose or somehow not
           | administered correctly... and if someone tries to fight them,
           | their license is taken away.
        
         | devb wrote:
         | So? That doesn't preclude low doses over a long period from
         | causing harm. High doses are used to prove a conclusive link,
         | not establish a lower limit of toxic effects.
        
         | bschne wrote:
         | > They are reporting about feeding mice with 400 mg/kg/day
         | during 6 to 8 weeks. For humans, this is equivalent to
         | 33mg/kg/day.
         | 
         | How does one convert that? It makes sense that this isn't
         | necessarily linear, but I have no idea how to turn one of those
         | numbers into the other
        
           | A_D_E_P_T wrote:
           | Here, "Dose Translation from Animals to Humans":
           | https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17942826/
           | 
           | Generally, from mice, it's ([mouse dose in mg/kg] * (3/37)) =
           | human equivalent dose in mg/kg.
        
         | misja111 wrote:
         | > 400 mg/kg/day during 6 to 8 weeks. For humans, this is
         | equivalent to 33mg/kg/day. So for a 80kg body: 2.6g, half a
         | sugar cube every day.
         | 
         | But humans have much more time to ingest it. Parkinson develops
         | during decades, not weeks.
        
       | Zigurd wrote:
       | Damn. Checks label on CRC QD (quick dry) contact cleaner. No TCE,
       | but it's the all-star team of halogenated stuff that will
       | volatilize as quick as possible.
        
       | zoklet-enjoyer wrote:
       | This is scary. I've never heard of this chemical but it looks
       | like something I likely come in contact with almost daily.
        
         | dboreham wrote:
         | Hopefully not so much these days.
         | 
         | Those of us who worked in the Electronics industry in the 1980s
         | did come into contact daily.
        
           | jrmski wrote:
           | Indeed, one of Google's campuses in Mountain View has (or at
           | least had) TCE vapor leftover from previous industry.
           | https://www.theverge.com/2013/2/22/4018768/tce-vapors-
           | found-...
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | The entire city of Mountain View is literally one giant EPA
             | Superfund site (look it up) and I wouldn't go near any of
             | those beautiful creeks they have running around or play in
             | the soil...
        
               | uejfiweun wrote:
               | I just did look it up and I'd seems the superfund area is
               | just a 17 acre zone around a trailer park?
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | There are at least eight different sites in Mountain View
               | https://www.epa.gov/superfund/search-superfund-sites-
               | where-y...
               | 
               | Separately, there are many orgs which track and map the
               | TCE plumes in the groundwater and you can find that info
               | as well through google
        
               | akiselev wrote:
               | Note that the map only shows National Priority List
               | sites. They're considered to be the most polluted but
               | that doesn't mean that sites not on the NPL list aren't
               | also a concern (my county only has one NPL site but over
               | a dozen non-NPL contaminated areas)
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | It's not just Mountain View. All of Silicon Valley is
               | dotted with superfund sites. Years ago IBM got sued by
               | former employees about exposure to carcinogens at their
               | San Jose factories. IBM won, but, yeah, I'd still be
               | careful.
               | 
               | And then there's the military waste...
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Yes good point about the military waste. Hunters Point in
               | SF comes to mind. A highly contaminated radioactive site
               | that required extensive soil remediation.
               | 
               | A lot of the radioactive soil was just sent to regular
               | state landfills.
               | 
               | Then after they had started building multi family homes
               | on top of the site, they found out the cleanup company
               | was falsifying soil samples and the site was still highly
               | radioactive.
               | 
               | I hope that situation is not typical of how Superfund
               | sites are handled
        
               | inferiorhuman wrote:
               | What Lennar did in BVHP ought to be criminal. Treasure
               | Island (also an ex-military Superfund site) is a mess of
               | radioactive waste on its way to becoming luxury condos as
               | well. Oh well, it will be a fun cancer cluster in a
               | couple decades.
               | 
               | AMD, Intel, Fairchild, IBM, HP, Nat Semi, Raytheon,
               | Teledyne, Westinghouse, and LLNL all gifted the Bay Area
               | with Superfund sites with most concentrated in Santa
               | Clara county. Even stuff that doesn't rise to the level
               | of a Superfund site can still be far too polluted to
               | develop (e.g. Brisbane).
        
           | nraynaud wrote:
           | That's what used to run in parts cleaners until a few decades
           | ago, so all body shops, mechanics, job shops and a ton of
           | factories had those.
        
             | myself248 wrote:
             | Really? My dad's parts cleaner always had gasoline in it.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | I remeber it being available on the shelves in my childhood.
         | 
         | It's also narcotic and carcinogenic. Banned in EU since 2010.
        
       | p0nce wrote:
       | My uncle's job was to clean elevators using TCE and died at about
       | 25yo from this.
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Trichloroethylene for decaf sounds as an idea as bad as
       | tetraethyl lead for fuel, freon for refrigeration, teflon for
       | non-stick pans, glyphosate for weed control and PFAS for
       | microwave popcorn bags and tampons.
       | 
       | This is fine(tm).
        
         | lloeki wrote:
         | I seem to recall teflon is completely neutral to the human
         | body, it's the chemical used to glue it to the pan that is the
         | issue.
        
           | sethammons wrote:
           | PSA for bird owners: that off gassing is highly lethal to
           | birds. You shouldn't cook with teflon and have birds. They
           | can die in minutes even when on the other side of the house.
        
           | stephen_g wrote:
           | Yes. It can emit toxic gasses at high temperatures though, so
           | I'd recomment always trying to keep it under 200degC (390deg
           | F). (My pans are a ceramic non-stick so I don't have to
           | worry, but they are more expensive).
        
             | lloeki wrote:
             | > keep it under 200degC (390deg F)
             | 
             | Conveniently it seems that the smoking point of olive oil
             | is about that, while its boiling point is ~300degC
             | (570degF), which give nice physical cues without having a
             | thermometer.
        
               | actionfromafar wrote:
               | So, if there's smoke, you are too late already.
        
       | giantg2 wrote:
       | "solvent that is clear, colorless, volatile, nonflammable, and
       | environmentally persistent"
       | 
       | Call me stupid, but can it really be volatile and persistent? I'd
       | expect volatility and persistence to be negatively correlated.
        
         | KMag wrote:
         | It can evaporate, but doesn't chemically decompose very
         | quickly. Its tendency to evaporate isn't very relevant if it's
         | in your groundwater, for instance.
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | I would think od volatile as reacting. If it just means
           | evaporating, then I guess that makes sense.
        
         | mauvehaus wrote:
         | Persistent, in this case, means it doesn't break down readily.
         | As it happens once it does eventually break down the resulting
         | stuff is also pretty nasty: first you get 1-2-DCE, and then
         | vinyl chloride.
        
       | Stratoscope wrote:
       | For additional reading, here is the popularized article that led
       | me to this research:
       | 
       | https://scitechdaily.com/scientists-warn-common-cleaning-che...
        
       | szundi wrote:
       | Question mark at the end of title never means anything good, pass
        
         | once_inc wrote:
         | Betteridge's Law:
         | 
         | | "Any headline that ends in a question mark can be answered by
         | the word 'no'."
        
       | yung234 wrote:
       | More generally there is way too much crap in the environment and
       | it is past time for people to start protesting this. We are
       | likely paying a price for this in rising rates of obesity and
       | deteriorating mental health. It's time for cleaner outdoor air,
       | better indoor air quality and ventilation and a tighter rein on
       | the proliferating number of chemicals that surround us. As the
       | item notes, Parkinson's rates have been increasing for some time
       | and are expected to continue to increase in the coming decades.
        
         | outworlder wrote:
         | > More generally there is way too much crap in the environment
         | and it is past time for people to start protesting this.
         | 
         | Some of this crap is worse than others. Some we can destroy and
         | maybe make our food supply and water safe. But others are
         | really hardy, by design (Teflon!). There's no good way to get
         | rid of them and this should have been treated as an emergency
         | ages ago. In a sense they are worse than radioactive waste
         | because they don't even decay.
        
           | s0rce wrote:
           | If teflon didn't decay it would be fine as it doesn't pose a
           | health risk, its basically inert. Its the manufacturing
           | chemicals and degradants (PFAS/PFOA) that are the problem and
           | represent persistent contamination.
        
         | angst_ridden wrote:
         | People are expendable. There's a new crop every year. Corporate
         | profits, on the other hand ...
        
         | mattwest wrote:
         | [Environmental contamination] is way less of an explanatory
         | variable of obesity and mental health than [dietary choice and
         | activity level]. Its effect resides in the error term.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | The (extremely long) blog argues otherwise:
           | https://slimemoldtimemold.com/2021/07/07/a-chemical-
           | hunger-p...
           | 
           | I don't entirely agree with what they have to say, especially
           | when they search for a possible target chemical, but they
           | provide a whole bunch of contradictory evidence against the
           | naive laziness hypothesis. Of which the most convincing
           | argument is lab animals: https://royalsocietypublishing.org/d
           | oi/abs/10.1098/rspb.2010...
           | 
           | Lab animals do not have control over their diet and activity
           | level, and yet are becoming more obese.
        
             | JamesBarney wrote:
             | There are a couple of issues drawing too much from this
             | study.
             | 
             | 1. They haven't found any mechanistic evidence to support
             | this.
             | 
             | 2. All of these populations had access to manufactured
             | food. (Either human or pet food)
             | 
             | 3. This is really only one study, not really a field of
             | research.
             | 
             | IT seems like the theory manufactured food has gotten tasty
             | since the 80's would also explain this data.
        
           | outworlder wrote:
           | > dietary choice
           | 
           | Is it really a choice when 75% of all food found in the
           | supermarket has been spiked with sugar and 88% of the US
           | population is suffering from metabolic issues? And sugar has
           | been linked to a host of degenerative neurological
           | conditions.
           | 
           | > activity level
           | 
           | We can't outrun a bad diet.
        
             | neuralRiot wrote:
             | Somehow you have to pay for the convenience of having quick
             | food 24/7. To really asses if air pollutants play a role in
             | weight gain subjects under test should eat the same
             | calories and breathe the same (or different) air, still it
             | would be difficult as not all metabolisms are the same. As
             | a totally anecdotal note, i've never met an obese person
             | who doesn't overeat.
        
             | mattwest wrote:
             | >Is it really a choice when 75% of all food found in the
             | supermarket has been spiked with sugar and 88% of the US
             | population is suffering from metabolic issues? And sugar
             | has been linked to a host of degenerative neurological
             | conditions.
             | 
             | Yes, it is. If you walk into the store, pick up the item,
             | pay for it, take it home, and eat it, then it was 100% your
             | choice. Just because a decision is difficult doesn't
             | absolve an individual of responsibility.
             | 
             | >We can't outrun a bad diet.
             | 
             | You can, but it's not easy. However, what tends to happen
             | is when you increase you activity level your body will
             | auto-regulate cravings for better food. High performance
             | athletes can get by on mostly fast food if they need. Most
             | don't because they know it's not optimal.
             | 
             | Both of your notions are currently popular but that doesn't
             | make them right. Emotional reasoning has taken over diet,
             | fitness, and health and caused millions of people to give
             | up their personal responsibility and sense of control. It's
             | harmful thinking.
        
         | CuriouslyC wrote:
         | Good luck getting any laws on this passed if Republicans
         | control any branch of congress, or not struck down if they
         | continue to leverage their judiciary control for blatantly
         | political ends.
        
           | tohnjitor wrote:
           | Good luck heating your house or feeding your family if the
           | Democrats continue their blatant political goals of
           | depopulation.
        
             | CuriouslyC wrote:
             | Depopulation? You mean stepping back from overpopulation?
             | Do you want to live in a world where everyone lives in a
             | 200sqft box and eats manufactured sludge because we don't
             | have resources for people to live like actual humans unless
             | they're from an oligarch family?
             | 
             | I can feed my family with a small permaculture farm, some
             | chickens and goats, without relying on anyone else. I can
             | heat my house with wood and solar energy retained in water,
             | again without relying on anyone else. If my farm is
             | surrounded by polluters and thus the ground is so tainted
             | that nothing grows without buying Monsanto's entire
             | catalog, that would be the fault of Republicans who've
             | blocked environmental regulation.
        
               | Georgelemental wrote:
               | > heat my house with wood
               | 
               | In what world is this remotely good for the environment,
               | in any way?
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Also, if you do really live on a farm off the grid, you
               | might be interested in this NYT profile:
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2023/03/10/opinion/thomas-massie-
               | rep...
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | In a world where there aren't way too many billions of
               | people.
        
               | Georgelemental wrote:
               | I like people! I think life is inherently good, and more
               | people alive to enjoy the world is something we should be
               | aiming for.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | I dislike being around people. More people means more
               | competition for the good stuff like space, a nice view,
               | quiet, delicious fish/game, etc.
               | 
               | You might argue that more people produce more other good
               | stuff, but that is a flawed argument for a few reasons.
               | For starters, a lot of scarcity in our economy is fake
               | and introduced to maximize profit. Second, there's only
               | so much valuable work to be done, but everyone has to
               | have a job, so somewhere between 50-80% of people end up
               | doing meaningless work (think of all the people involved
               | in making/marketing a lot of infomercial garbage and lame
               | tchotchkes like dog bowls shaped like toilets that flush
               | when the dog eats). Nobody would miss those things if
               | they'd never existed, and I'm sure none of the people
               | responsible wanted to do that sort of thing growing up.
               | It's basically a big capitalist circle jerk.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | tohnjitor wrote:
               | Overpopulation is a myth best left behind in the 1970s.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | You should try living in Hong Kong and see how you feel
               | about overpopulation. As climate change makes huge
               | swathes of land unlivable and population continues to
               | grow that will be your future.
        
               | handedness wrote:
               | 'You should try living in the Yukon and see how you feel
               | about overpopulation. As climate change...'
               | 
               | Your experience is valid but the population density of a
               | particular city (or lack thereof in a particular
               | territory) is a poor indicator of whether the earth's
               | population is too high for its carrying capacity.
        
             | thebooktocome wrote:
             | 1. Republicans refuse to enforce any environmental
             | regulation on industries, no matter how dire the
             | consequences.
             | 
             | 2. Poisonous chemicals leech into air, soil, water. Then
             | they accumulate up the food chain. Humans are at the apex.
             | 
             | 3. Synthetic hormones, plastics, and etc. decimate
             | fertility.
             | 
             | If you're concerned about population growth, you should
             | support some degree of environmental regulation. Only one
             | mainstream* party in the states gets you that.
             | 
             | * A mathematical consequence of first past the post voting
             | systems is that the two largest parties are stable. Third
             | parties only exist as unstable equilibria. If you desire a
             | serious third party, you should also support election
             | reform. . . which also means not voting Republican.
        
               | ChickenNugger wrote:
               | HN showing it's bias again.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | The ironic thing is that HN is actually biased towards
               | libertarians and bernie bros, it only feels like it's
               | heavily democrat because those groups don't like a lot of
               | republican policy either.
        
               | uoaei wrote:
               | What's funny is that until now, many couldn't conceive of
               | a distinction between Bernie bros and Democrats.
        
               | CuriouslyC wrote:
               | Bernie bros are pro social equity (income distribution
               | fairness), pro education, pro drug law reform and anti-
               | establishment, but also typically not into political
               | correctness or D&I, and frequently either gun positive or
               | gun neutral (schools excepted). They are mostly people
               | who came under the democratic umbrella to support Bernie
               | but often do not consider themselves democrats.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | That's getting close to the famous 'Reality has a well
               | known liberal bias.'
               | 
               | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen_Colbert_at_the_20
               | 06_...
        
               | ChickenNugger wrote:
               | I mean if your perspective on reality is dominated by
               | these companies it will definitely _appear_ that way:
               | https://i.imgur.com/taGzsZP.jpg
               | 
               | But there's a whole world out there, and Trump winning in
               | 2016 sure surprised a lot of people who believe that
               | reality has a liberal bias.
        
               | diag wrote:
               | Trump only won thanks to the electoral college, not
               | because of democracy.
        
           | cwkoss wrote:
           | Stop giving democrats a pass for doing nothing. Look at how
           | ineffective Buttigieg has been on rail safety re: east
           | palestine.
           | 
           | Tribalist myopia enables this status quo.
        
             | CuriouslyC wrote:
             | Don't get me wrong, I kind of hate the democrats too. It's
             | frustrating that the choice is between "kind but mostly
             | incompetent and somewhat corrupt" and "cruel and extremely
             | corrupt"
        
               | handedness wrote:
               | So, tribalist myopia.
        
       | ChancyChance wrote:
       | Great. I spent all four years in highschool rebuilding car
       | engines practically swimming in this stuff because my friends and
       | I used it as a degreaser. We didn't swallow it, but we did get
       | blisters on our hands and it turned our skin white and ashy.
       | 
       | Once I left highschool I stopped working on cars (discovered
       | computers), but I wonder how screwed we are, or are going to be
       | (we're all nearing our 60's even though we still have the
       | maturity of 20 somethings).
        
         | pram wrote:
         | My dad was an aircraft mechanic and he got a ton of tumors in
         | his arm from whatever cleaning liquids they used at the time.
         | It has given me a lifetime of paranoia, always wearing gloves
         | when I'm working on some mechanical thing.
         | 
         | All that shit is probably in the ground water though.
        
           | uoaei wrote:
           | Two football star athletes at a local high school (poor,
           | majority-Black neighborhood) died of mysterious brain tumors
           | about 5 years ago. Their high school is a few hundred feet
           | down a gentle grade from a row of auto shops. The parents of
           | the deceased were certain for years that the auto shops were
           | the problem, and brought it up repeatedly to city council and
           | the mayor, but no one acted on it. No one even tested the
           | groundwater until a routine inspection of the high school's
           | _heating_ system in the basement a couple years later, where
           | they found extremely unhealthy levels of TCE. I 'm not sure
           | if they ever started enforcing things better, but knowing the
           | local government I doubt it.
        
           | BoorishBears wrote:
           | What's sad about this is that in 2023 there's still a
           | subculture of mechanics who think it's "weak" or "unmanly" to
           | use things like gloves when working on cars (and I'm pretty
           | sure that extends to other forms of hands on work)
           | 
           | We don't have the excuse earlier generations had, we know
           | this stuff causes cancer, we know it seeps into your skin and
           | doesn't come out just because you washed your hands well, but
           | people still don't see a problem with going fist deep in used
           | engine oil or dumping half a can of brake cleaner on
           | something in an enclosed garage
        
         | kwhitefoot wrote:
         | When? Trich has been recognized as a hazardous chemical in
         | Europe for many decades.
        
       | throwaway09432 wrote:
       | Does carbon filter this stuff?
        
       | lutera wrote:
       | Anyone with Chemistry knowledge - Is this stuff related to DDT
       | insecticide in any way?
        
         | scythe wrote:
         | Basically no. They're both chlorocarbons, but the resemblance
         | ends there. DDT doesn't even contain any nonaromatic sp2
         | carbons.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | once_inc wrote:
       | There's also a very high correlation between PD and insecticide
       | use. Cows eating grass treated with insecticide (sometimes
       | because a farmer on the plot upwind of their meadow uses it)
       | produce milk that contains high concentrations of insecticides.
       | People drinking lots of dairy ingest those insecticides and
       | develop PD.
        
         | code_duck wrote:
         | My grandmother retired to a farm where she used a ton of
         | herbicides and insecticides (endless battle agains fire ants)
         | including DDT and who knows what else. She ended up with a
         | Parkinson's-like condition - supposedly not Parkinson's, but
         | same symptoms. I'm not sure how they determined that.
        
       | rmason wrote:
       | Thank you for posting this account. My grandfather had
       | Parkinson's and I have followed news on the disease my entire
       | life. In my grandfather's case he owned a slaughterhouse (in
       | Detroit) and in an accident was hit in the head by a meat hook.
       | 
       | I spent twenty years in the fertilizer industry. I always read
       | the chemical sheets on everything we sold. Paraquat which this
       | article mentions was the single most toxic herbicide that we
       | sold.
       | 
       | My bosses wife got a small amount mixed with water in her hair
       | once. She grabbed a comb to try and thin the amount. When she
       | stopped combing she examined her comb and it looked like a melted
       | glob of plastic. This shocked all of us and she very quickly went
       | and washed her hair.
        
       | lyind wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trichloroethylene#Anaesthesia
        
       | burlesona wrote:
       | This is saying this chemical is used to decaffeinate coffee. So
       | what level of it is left in the resulting coffee beans?
        
         | davidthewatson wrote:
         | It's a good question. It's easy to locate Swiss water decaf in
         | the US now, but apparently that wasn't true in the mid-80's, so
         | the answer depends on when and where the caffeine was extracted
         | from the coffee.
         | 
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/archive/lifestyle/wellness/19...
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | That's a historical use. TCE was banned from food and medical
         | uses in the US, including decaf coffee, in 1977.
        
         | selectodude wrote:
         | They use supercritical CO2 now.
        
           | jb1991 wrote:
           | Only some decaf coffee is made that way, there are actually
           | four major methods now for making decaf, only two of them do
           | not involve chemicals.
           | 
           | Always research the methods of your decaf coffee vendor
           | before you buy!
        
             | stephen_g wrote:
             | Technically both water and supercritical CO2 are chemical
             | solvents...
        
               | jb1991 wrote:
               | That's a bit pedantic in this context. True but that's
               | not what we're talking about.
        
         | inferiorhuman wrote:
         | Depends on how the coffee is decaffeinated. Swiss Water
         | Process, for instance, literally just uses water. Most other
         | methods involve organic solvents of some sort.
        
         | nraynaud wrote:
         | Zero, it's highly volatile.
        
         | scotty79 wrote:
         | > This is saying this chemical is used to decaffeinate coffee.
         | 
         | Until 50 years ago.
        
       | RandomWorker wrote:
       | For those interested most coffee is not decaffeinated with this
       | chemical. Most use a critical CO2 process.
        
         | ortusdux wrote:
         | *supercritical
        
         | aivisol wrote:
         | What about dichloromethane: that was/is used as well?
        
         | Reason077 wrote:
         | TCE was, apparently, used to make decaffeinated coffee up until
         | the 1970s, when it was banned in most food and medical uses.
        
       | blue1 wrote:
       | It was in typewriter corrector fluid. I remember the smell.
        
         | djmips wrote:
         | Oh yes! I vividly remember that now that you mention it!
        
       | HollowEyes wrote:
       | What hobby products will you find Trichloroethylene in/will be
       | exposed to?
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | Page 2 here has some actual brands/products that it's in:
         | https://prhe.ucsf.edu/sites/g/files/tkssra341/f/EDF%20First%...
        
       | Ccecil wrote:
       | I had a bottle of this stuff I recently hazmatted. Someone gave
       | it to me from the 80's. They used to sell solvents to the
       | electronics industry...then the CFC/Ozone regulations caused them
       | to require to shut down. He has stories about mixing TCE and
       | Freon...55 gallon drums of it. As far as I know he doesn't have
       | Parkinsons but that doesn't mean anything.
       | 
       | Apparently, this stuff was great for cleaning electronics PCBs
       | but clearly it is super bad for you. I am not sure how you could
       | slightly smell it and not realize it...has a very strong "I cause
       | cancer" smell to it.
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | radiations cause cancer and dont smell at all.
        
         | LinuxBender wrote:
         | _has a very strong "I cause cancer" smell to it_
         | 
         | I second this. I used it to clean electronic systems in the
         | military and they did not really give much training on this
         | chemical which surprised me as they trained extensively on much
         | less dangerous chemicals. Some of my team members liked
         | inhaling the fumes.
        
         | userbinator wrote:
         | _I am not sure how you could slightly smell it and not realize
         | it...has a very strong "I cause cancer" smell to it._
         | 
         | Keep in mind that many people still deliberately inhale the
         | products of combustion of tobacco.
         | 
         | I don't smoke, but most chlorocarbons smell _good_ --- clean
         | and slightly sweet is how I 'd describe the fragrance.
        
           | JauntTrooper wrote:
           | Lead paint has a similar problem. It tastes sweet, which is
           | why so many children end up eating paint chips.
        
           | Maursault wrote:
           | Tobacco companies dump over 300 carcinogenic chemicals into
           | cigarettes, called additives, to make them more addictive,
           | and which make up half of nearly all cigarettes.[1] _That_ is
           | what kills people, smoking carcinogenic chemicals.
           | Unadulterated tobacco, such as what pipe smokers use, does
           | not actually cause cancer, yet it shouldn 't surprise us why
           | cigarette smokers die in droves. The American Lung Associate
           | did not discriminate: tobacco is bad! Yet all of this
           | information came out during the late 1990's, lawsuit, US v.
           | Philip Morris, and yet the settlement permitted tobacco
           | companies to continue the practice of poisoning cigarettes.
           | Half of the $200B+ settlement was forgiven by the mid-2000s.
           | 
           | But the US Surgeon General had different findings, and the
           | only conclusion that we can make is that it is not tobacco
           | that kills, only cigarettes:                     Death rates
           | for current pipe smokers were little if at all higher than
           | for non-smokers, even with men smoking 10 pipefuls per day
           | and with men who had smoked pipes for more than 30 years.[2]
           | Among the pipe smokers.... The US mortality ratios are 0.8
           | for non-inhalers and 1.0 for inhalers.[3]
           | 
           | Smoking _actual_ tobacco can cause emphysema, not cancer. But
           | most commercial tobacco is intentionally poisoned to increase
           | the addictiveness of nicotine, and the result is cancer.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gdV_1u-TodY&t=13m25s
           | 
           | [2] https://biotech.law.lsu.edu/cases/tobacco/nnbbmq.pdf (No.
           | 1103, p.112)
           | 
           | [3] _ibid._ (No. 1103, page 92)
        
             | gorkish wrote:
             | With all due respect, the citations aren't helping your
             | preposterous argument.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | It isn't my argument, it is the US Surgeon General's. And
               | with all due respect, seems a bit something to believe
               | smoking something _without_ more than 300 _known_
               | chemical carcinogens causes cancer at the same rate as
               | with them. Please think before you post.
        
               | catskul2 wrote:
               | > ...Unadulterated tobacco, such as what pipe smokers
               | use, does not actually cause cancer
               | 
               | > ...causes cancer at the same rate as with them
               | 
               | I think they're referring to your original claim that
               | tobacco smoke, without additives, doesn't cause cancer.
               | 
               | Your later apparent softening of that statement feels
               | sneaky. It's significant, and makes all the difference in
               | the world.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > I think they're referring to your original claim that
               | tobacco smoke, without additives, doesn't cause cancer.
               | 
               | Once again I am being attributed something that is not
               | mine. It is not my claim, it is the claim of the US
               | Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health, and I
               | stand by the science which claims (i.e. it is not _my_
               | claim, it is the claim of the US Surgeon General) that
               | pipe smokers who inhale live as long as nonsmokers, and
               | pipe smokers that don't inhale live longer than non-
               | smokers.
               | 
               | Smoking tobacco that is not _infused with more than 300
               | known carcinogens_ does not cause cancer. No one is
               | saying smoking is healthy, only that _the cancer rates of
               | natural tobacco smokers are non-existent,_ no higher than
               | the general population. They 'll just have to deal with
               | that fact, that they've been lied to in order to protect
               | Big Tobacco's cash cow and methods of making cigarettes
               | intentionally more addicting to drive it. Natural
               | tobacco, in comparison, has a fraction of the amount of
               | nicotine as what's in national brand cigarettes and thus
               | is in comparison far less addictive.
               | 
               | I honestly don't care. I just think it's interesting that
               | most people believe tobacco causes cancer so strongly,
               | and they're provably wrong. It's what they put in
               | cigarettes that causes cancer, and I don't know how
               | anyone can call that tobacco.
        
             | adrianN wrote:
             | I somehow doubt the result that pure tobacco doesn't cause
             | cancer, since afaik inhaling any type of smoke causes
             | cancer.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > inhaling any type of smoke causes cancer
               | 
               | Citation needed by all pot smokers. Just love how
               | everyone insists they know absolutely everything and are
               | never wrong. Guess what?
        
             | hsartoris wrote:
             | It is clear based on the following study that even
             | exclusive pipe smoking causes a variety of cancers:
             | https://academic.oup.com/jnci/article/96/11/853/2520796
             | 
             | It is certainly true that cigarettes are generally more
             | carcinogenic. However, your statement that " _actual_
             | tobacco can cause emphysema, not cancer " is emphatically
             | false.
             | 
             | I would suggest being somewhat less confrontational when
             | your primary source on an actively researched topic is from
             | 1964. In your words, "[j]ust love how everyone insists they
             | know absolutely everything and are never wrong. Guess
             | what?"
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | > It is clear based on the following study that even
               | exclusive pipe smoking causes a variety of cancers:
               | 
               | That's awesome. Please cite which paragraph mentions
               | "natural tobacco," because here "pipe smokers" is
               | ambiguous, and even pipe tobacco can be treated to not
               | only increase its nicotine content, but also be infused
               | with carcinogenic additives to make the final product
               | more addictive, and thereby also making it more deadly
               | (not due to it's addictiveness directly, but by the
               | chemicals that cause it to be more addictive, such as
               | adding ammonia), In fact, it is standard practice for
               | major brands of pipe tobacco to treat the tobacco to turn
               | it into something that should be distinguished as "not
               | tobacco," so unless the study distinguishes between
               | natural and treated tobacco smokers, it is a flawed
               | study.
               | 
               | Is it really so impossible to believe that you were lied
               | to and believe total crap? Tobacco, natural tobacco
               | without any _carcinogenic chemicals_ added, _does not
               | cause cancer._
        
         | sbradford26 wrote:
         | IBM had to do a massive cleanup of the stuff at their original
         | site in Endicott NY where they made PCBs. The locals call it
         | the plume, apparently IBM just dumped Trichloroethylene as well
         | as other chemicals on the ground for years in some of their
         | buildings.
         | 
         | Timeline of events:
         | https://www.pressconnects.com/story/news/local/2016/05/20/ti...
         | 
         | EPA Source:
         | https://www.epa.gov/hwcorrectiveactioncleanups/hazardous-was...
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | I posted this comment[0], a few weeks ago, about my own
       | experience with trichlor.
       | 
       | Nasty stuff, but also very useful, and Those With Money like it.
       | 
       | [0] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34887615
        
         | thaumasiotes wrote:
         | _And it 's go, boys, go_
         | 
         |  _They 'll time your every breath_
         | 
         |  _And every day you 're in this place you're two days nearer
         | death_
         | 
         |  _But you go_
         | 
         |  _There 's overtime and bonus opportunities galore_
         | 
         |  _The young men like their money and they all come back for
         | more_
         | 
         |  _But soon you 're knockin' on and you look older than you
         | should_
         | 
         |  _For every bob made on the job you pay with flesh and blood_
         | 
         | I'm somewhat fascinated by the image the song paints of a
         | factory that will happily pay above-market rates for as many
         | hours as you care to work there.
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | I've heard that song before; is it specifically about
           | trichloroethylene?
        
             | thaumasiotes wrote:
             | It appears to be about a nylon factory run by Imperial
             | Chemical Industries: https://ehc.english.ucsb.edu/?p=19619
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-15 23:03 UTC)