[HN Gopher] Medicare Advantage plans use algorithms to cut off care
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       Medicare Advantage plans use algorithms to cut off care
        
       Author : danso
       Score  : 202 points
       Date   : 2023-03-13 14:11 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.statnews.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.statnews.com)
        
       | msm_ wrote:
       | I hate when people use the word "algorithms" like that. Which
       | algorithms? Dijkstra?
       | 
       | I know this is the way non-technical people refer to the spooky
       | AI action at a distance happening in social media to maximise
       | engagement, but in my opinion it just makes everything confusing
       | when actually trying to understand the argument.
        
         | groffee wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | stronglikedan wrote:
         | It's correctly used in this context, where it's not referring
         | to a particular well known algorithm in the context of computer
         | science, but rather the " process or set of rules to be
         | followed in calculations or other problem-solving operations"
         | that the computer takes to determine eligibility. Considering
         | the context and the intended audience, it's used correctly
         | here.
        
         | cheeze wrote:
         | It's a simplification for folks who don't understand the
         | nuances past "an algorithm"
         | 
         | The intended audience here isn't computer scientists... it's...
         | the public.
         | 
         | It's pretty obvious what they mean by "algorithms", no? I feel
         | like this is just being "akshyually" guy
        
           | mrWiz wrote:
           | I'm skeptical when this kind of language is used,
           | particularly in the media. It feels like they're trying to
           | drum up outrage by intentionally phrasing such that the
           | public understanding differs from the technical meaning. I'm
           | not saying that's what's happening in _this_ case, just my
           | typical initial reaction to seeing this pattern.
        
           | netsharc wrote:
           | Ah, so just like people wanting to avoid "chemicals" in what
           | they eat?
        
         | kelseyfrog wrote:
         | It could be anything from a regression to DL, to who knows what
         | else.
         | 
         | Even in the simple case, say a linear regression with all the
         | assumptions satisfied, predictions are interpretable as means,
         | which is to say that (and again, assumptions holding, errors
         | are normally distributed) half of observations fall below the
         | mean and half above it. Using the mean in a normative capacity
         | implies that half of patients will get kicked out before they
         | would otherwise end their treatment.
         | 
         | There are ways around this, like quantile regression, or using
         | prediction intervals, but again, we don't know the specifics of
         | the method which leaves us in the dark as to the _specific_ way
         | the problem manifests.
        
         | WediBlino wrote:
         | algorithm /'alg@rId(@)m/ noun plural noun: algorithms a process
         | or set of rules to be followed in calculations or other
         | problem-solving operations, especially by a computer. "a basic
         | algorithm for division"
        
         | whitemary wrote:
         | > like that.
         | 
         | Like what? Correctly?
        
         | jerf wrote:
         | There is no size limitation on the word "algorithm". It is
         | perfectly acceptable to define a complete decision tree as
         | being an "algorithm", in addition to "decision trees" in
         | general being an "algorithm". There is no restriction on it
         | being the sort of cute little thing you can stick in a textbook
         | on a single page and do intensive mathematical analysis on it.
         | You can refer to the complete rendering pipeline for a frame in
         | a modern AAA game as an "algorithm", or the entire code for
         | instantiating an EC2 instance, or, yes, even the algorithm that
         | takes an input a person and their medical cases and returns
         | what the organization should do about it including the
         | possibility of just cutting them loose.
         | 
         | It's a perfectly sensible use of the term as is.
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | That's the problem though. If there are clear eligibility
           | criteria, and a computer program lets the operator enter
           | information and answer eligible or ineligible, that's an
           | algorithm used to cut off care. If a computer program decides
           | that someone is ineligible because they're not a US citizen,
           | that's an algorithm deciding. If the computer figures out
           | that you no longer live in the service area for your plan,
           | that's the algorithm deciding to cut off your care.
           | 
           | I would expect any insurance provider to use computer
           | programs (i.e algorithms) to decide whether someone is
           | eligible or not. The problem is what kind of algorithm.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | > The problem is what kind of algorithm.
             | 
             | ...and how its outputs are interpreted. Ultimately it's
             | less about what kind of algorithm and more about how it's
             | used, or in this case abused.
             | 
             | As another user mentioned, that 16.6 days _should_ have
             | been the mean or mode of a posterior distribution, from
             | which you could obtain 75% and 95% credible intervals, or
             | at least a conditional expectation accompanied by an
             | (estimated) sampling error and traditional 75
             | /85/95/whatever% confidence interval.
             | 
             | Crossing the 17-day line could have flagged this person's
             | case for manual review. Even if the 95% credible interval
             | was 15-18 days, anyone who understands how statistical
             | models work would understand that manual review is a more
             | sensible reaction than automatic cutoff, unless you simply
             | don't care about the 5% chance of falsely denying people
             | health coverage.
             | 
             | The fact that the model is statistical is more problematic
             | than a chain of if/else decisions. The problem is the fact
             | that good statistical practice was disregarded in its
             | usage. And as others have said, there was no intention of
             | pursing good statistical practice here, and no reason to
             | ascribe any benefit of doubt to any decision-makers
             | involved in deploying such a model/algorithm. It's just a
             | fig leaf for wanting to deny people health coverage.
        
         | lcnPylGDnU4H9OF wrote:
         | I didn't go through academia for my computer science knowledge
         | so I may be wrong about the definition of "algorithm". I
         | understand it as a series of steps to accomplish a task (e.g. a
         | food recipe is a list of ingredients and an algorithm for
         | rendering something delicious). If that's not mistaken, then
         | the algorithm is something that's being used to make decisions.
         | 
         | A different term to use could be "machine-made decisions",
         | which I personally think describes the issue better. Still,
         | (and unless my understanding is mistaken) the word algorithm is
         | technically accurate to this kind of decision-making.
        
           | groffee wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | guestbest wrote:
           | I agree with this. If there is any responsibility it is borne
           | by people and management's business process. Blaming
           | algorithms is absolving people of responsibility
        
             | jkestner wrote:
             | And that's exactly what the people responsible want.
             | Another layer to launder any culpability, just like
             | consultants, contractors and corporations. The next step is
             | to grant algorithms personhood so we can prosecute them
             | while their creators continue to collect money.
             | 
             | The executives and shareholders who profit the most from
             | the decisions must be the ones held responsible.
        
       | jmugan wrote:
       | Didn't read the article and don't know about what nefarious
       | things may be going on, but we need to think broader about these
       | issues. There's lots of articles here on hacker news about how
       | the vast majority of medical expenses come at the end of life and
       | how we do too much to keep people alive against their wishes.
        
         | kerkeslager wrote:
         | > Didn't read the article
         | 
         | Then don't comment. It's not complicated.
         | 
         | > There's lots of articles here on hacker news about how the
         | vast majority of medical expenses come at the end of life and
         | how we do too much to keep people alive against their wishes.
         | 
         | Jesus Christ.
         | 
         | Let me get this straight: you're saying the solution to medical
         | expenses is "let old people die, they don't want to live
         | anyway"?
         | 
         | There are certainly cases where people are kept alive beyond
         | what's compassionate, but that's a pretty separate cultural
         | problem from the situation at hand, which is people who need
         | basic care and can't get it because of capitalism being
         | involved where it shouldn't be.
        
           | cr1895 wrote:
           | > Jesus Christ. Let me get this straight: you're saying the
           | solution to medical expenses is "let old people die, they
           | don't want to live anyway"?
           | 
           | That's quite an uncharitable take, and plainly not what they
           | meant to express.
        
             | kerkeslager wrote:
             | Well, I don't hear you offering an alternative
             | interpretation that sounds plausible.
             | 
             | And critically, the person I was responding to, responded
             | back to me, and didn't disagree with my interpretation,
             | so...
             | 
             | Startup culture's brand of charitable interpretation
             | glosses over a lot of anarcho-capitalistic sociopathy and
             | I'm not interested in participating in that. Perhaps if you
             | were more interested in actual charitable action such as
             | making sure seniors' medical expenses are paid rather than
             | charitable interpretation, this place would be a bit less
             | toxic.
        
               | jmugan wrote:
               | Your interpretation is too off the mark require an
               | explicit response.
        
               | kerkeslager wrote:
               | If you don't want to participate in a discussion you
               | don't have to respond.
               | 
               | If you think my interprepation is wrong, feel free to
               | explain, otherwise we can only conclude that it wasn't
               | wrong, and you just don't want to have to defend your
               | indefensible idea.
        
               | potatoman22 wrote:
               | My take: many people spend $$$ at the end of their life
               | to receive aggressive treatment that ultimately doesn't
               | do much. Palliative care is underutilized -- it's lower
               | cost and results in a higher quality of life [1].
               | 
               | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6610551/
               | 
               | Other interesting articles:
               | https://www.nursing.upenn.edu/details/news.php?id=848
               | 
               | https://med.stanford.edu/news/all-news/2014/05/most-
               | physicia...
        
           | jmugan wrote:
           | Come on, we can't be children. I'm saying we need a
           | conversation as a society about how we are going to handle
           | end of life. We can't lurch form unthinking outrage to
           | unthinking outrage.
        
             | kerkeslager wrote:
             | True, but I'm not interested in hearing the opinion of
             | companies in that conversation. When I and my loved ones
             | are reaching end of life, what decisions we make should be
             | a conversation between me, my loved ones, and my doctor.
             | Whether it's humane to pursue life-extension should be a
             | part of that conversation, sure, but I trust my doctor to
             | present that viewpoint: people who profit from that
             | viewpoint and don't know anything else about the situation
             | (such as Medicare Advantage providers) are welcome to fuck
             | right off.
             | 
             | The reason our society keeps lurching from unthinking
             | outrage to unthinking outrage is that people like you who
             | can't be arsed to read an article and respond on topic keep
             | proposing outrageous changes to our society. If you don't
             | like unthinking outrage, maybe be more thoughtful and stop
             | saying outrageous things.
        
               | jmugan wrote:
               | I agree that medical care should be run by the state. I
               | would prefer that to our current system. I don't think
               | its worth us talking any more since we don't seem to be
               | learning from each other.
        
               | kerkeslager wrote:
               | > I agree that medical care should be run by the state.
               | 
               | ...which is largely irrelevant, because the state should
               | also not be involved in the conversation about whether
               | pursuing life-extending care is humane.
               | 
               | > I don't think its worth us talking any more since we
               | don't seem to be learning from each other.
               | 
               | Nobody involved in internet disagreements learns from
               | each other typically. I approach internet disagreements
               | with the idea that non-participants reading the
               | disagreement can learn from it. That is, outrageous
               | viewpoints like yours should not go unchallenged because
               | that normalizes them.
               | 
               | If you want to stop representing your viewpoint to
               | readers, you're welcome to, but you can drop the smug
               | superiority about it. If you want conversations to learn
               | and educate, you might start by reading the articles
               | you're responding to.
        
             | jewayne wrote:
             | Before we have this conversation, let's first agree on one
             | thing. Let's all agree on the fact that health care is not
             | actually exorbitantly expensive. That "health care costs"
             | are not what's out of control in the US, what are out of
             | control are health care PRICES. And that those prices lost
             | virtually all relationship to the cost of providing
             | services DECADES ago.
             | 
             | Americans already use fewer health services than most other
             | industrialized countries, but we still spend way more than
             | anybody else. Will using fewer health services at end of
             | life make a serious dent in health expenditures? Maybe
             | temporarily, but rest assured the hospitals, big pharma,
             | insurance companies and others will raise prices until all
             | those savings are eaten away, and more.
             | 
             | Make no mistake, I am totally for end of life planning, but
             | I believe it is a completely separate question entirely.
        
               | jmugan wrote:
               | That's a useful distinction. I've never been able to
               | understand where the prices come from, and my sister is
               | an ER doctor. I'm surprised that these basic facts are so
               | hard to come by. I read articles that say, well,
               | healthcare prices aren't high because of X, where X is
               | just about anything I can think of.
        
       | mikece wrote:
       | Death Panels via "AI" processing of approval for service?
        
         | r00fus wrote:
         | Yes, the "health insurance" industry funded backlash during
         | 2010 against Obamacare was most definitely "projection" in the
         | classical sense. They most definitely did that for private
         | plans - by recission (kicking expensive people off the plan) or
         | simply the "pre-approval" BS where they keep expensive people
         | but decline specific (and possibly needed) care.
         | 
         | That's the only way private health insurance can both cover
         | (most) in a cost effective way AND be profitable for their
         | hedge fund masters.
        
       | nine_zeros wrote:
       | Plain and simple regulation - Coverage cannot be defined by
       | insurance. It has to be defined by providers.
       | 
       | But what about fraud? Well, maybe don't start a health insurance
       | company if you can't deal with it.
        
         | fallingknife wrote:
         | What do you mean don't start an insurance company if you can't
         | deal with it? Your first sentence says they shouldn't be
         | allowed to deal with it.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | If an insurer believes a provider is committing fraud, that
           | should be between the two of them. The patient shouldn't have
           | to be the negotiator in the middle; they have zero power over
           | either side.
           | 
           | Too many fraudulent/suspicious claims from a provider? Cut
           | the _provider_ off, not the patient.
        
         | macinjosh wrote:
         | They would deal with it by passing the cost of the fraud onto
         | the patients paying principles. Now you have more problems.
         | There is no such thing as a plain and simple regulation.
        
       | sdfghswe wrote:
       | We already knew these were bad people from the fact that they use
       | the name to confuse. After that, this is no surprise.
       | 
       | What surprises me is how long most people take to pick up on the
       | pattern. They see person X do bad thing, shocked. Then they see
       | same person X do a different bad thing, shocked again.
       | 
       | I say arrest the executives and charge them with fraud. Hopefully
       | that will send a message.
        
       | ImHereToVote wrote:
       | The advantage is for the shareholders. Keep up poors.
        
       | jjoonathan wrote:
       | Private, for-profit death panels. Innovation!
        
         | dylan604 wrote:
         | This is just a stop gap until they can invoke the rite of
         | Carrousel
        
           | wyldfire wrote:
           | We will all try for renewal!
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | I'd rather take my chances on my own making a run for
             | sanctuary, but I've never really fit in with the sheeple
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Yeah, but I hate outside!
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | good, you can come with me, and I can use you as a
               | distraction when meeting Box. you'll never have to go
               | outside again!
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Works for me, but I'm keeping my clothes on, thanks ;)
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | twawaaay wrote:
       | When finally an AI will become sentient and gets access to all
       | our infrastructure, it won't need to nuke us, it won't need to
       | wage war with us. It will just locate everybody who is trying to
       | fight it and block their credit cards, Internet access and
       | repossess their cars.
        
         | astrea wrote:
         | I know (hope) this is satire, but this is why I take issue with
         | the AI branding. It too often gets conflated with the sci-fi
         | thinking of AI. A random forest model that calculates your
         | credit score isn't going to magically gain self-awareness and
         | autonomy and a hatred for humanity. Even if it did, we have a
         | magical power called the power button.
        
           | jacooper wrote:
           | It doesn't technical have to be one model.
           | 
           | A model that scans for high risk patients, then passes that
           | into another model which takes actions, which can also be fed
           | data from the police and mass surveillance with that it can
           | also eliminate coverage for "anti-AI" people.
        
             | potatoman22 wrote:
             | You're being ridiculous. Are you saying that computer
             | system could gain sentience?
        
               | [deleted]
        
         | nimbius wrote:
         | I absolutely loathe this puerile tendency to attribute anything
         | even remotely relatable to modern data systems as Shikata ga
         | nai by definition.
         | 
         | Grow up. this meatgrinder didnt just condense from aether.
         | Someone wrote this, someone can change it, and anyone in the
         | git log can be held accountable for what they did at any time.
         | Enough of this late-stage capitalist attempt to offshore even
         | the very concept of accountability.
        
           | lovich wrote:
           | Individuals can't enact this sort of heroic change on their
           | own by design with systems this large. There is no single
           | point where the systems behavior can be pivoted. It requires
           | society as a whole to demand the change.
        
           | eli_gottlieb wrote:
           | Speaking of late-stage capitalism, the actual problem here is
           | that we've built the infrastructure for a rather
           | authoritarian form of computerized socialism -- but under
           | capitalist ownership. So we all walk around pretending a car
           | that can repossess itself if you miss a loan payment is a
           | piece of private property, when the physical infrastructure
           | says that it's social property.
        
           | voytec wrote:
           | The Trolley Problem is seen differently by someone who has to
           | push the lever inside the trolley, by someone who has to do
           | it remotely from far away and by a coder programming
           | trolley's software.
        
           | koboll wrote:
           | >Someone wrote this, someone can change it, and anyone in the
           | git log can be held accountable for what they did
           | 
           | Uh, not really, no. The whole point of neural nets is they
           | independently discover novel and unexpected ways of
           | predicting the probable answer.
        
             | nerdponx wrote:
             | This is a seriously naive misunderstanding of how neural
             | networks (and machine learning "algorithms" in general)
             | work.
             | 
             | Someone chose the features, the model architecture, the
             | training data, and SGD parameters; it might not even be a
             | NN (and probably isn't) -- it could be a traditional linear
             | regression model, or gradient-boosted decision trees.
             | Someone analyzed the model performance on a test set and
             | maybe even ran simulations to see how effective the model
             | was at learning a known functional form. Someone made
             | reports on that performance and included estimates like
             | "probability of falsely denying claims on average" broken
             | down by 10-year age bracket. An intern might have helped. A
             | team lead coordinated meetings with whatever VP was running
             | the project and signed off on the model. Senior management
             | budgeted months worth of person-hours on model development
             | and integration/deployment into production systems. And the
             | model could have been rejected or modified at any point.
             | The model training code is probably sitting on someone's
             | laptop right now, and absolutely can be revised at any
             | point in time, either slightly or significantly.
             | 
             | This is no magic in something like this. There are no
             | positronic brains to wonder about. It's just a fucking
             | best-fit line, and someone had to both draw the damn line
             | and sign off on it.
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | Sounds nice, what other improvements might we expect?
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | We'll willingly turn over control to an AI for competitive
         | advantage. If we don't, our adversaries will.
        
         | nostromo wrote:
         | > repossess their cars
         | 
         | In other news: Ford Motor Co. has filed a patent application
         | for technology that would allow autonomous vehicles to
         | repossess themselves if drivers miss payments.
         | 
         | https://thehill.com/homenews/3880884-future-fords-could-repo...
        
           | pc86 wrote:
           | That's almost certainly what the comment is referencing.
        
         | netsharc wrote:
         | A nicer AI would just get their targets addicted to...
         | something and make them mostly hate themselves instead of the
         | attacking AI.
         | 
         | For "something" you can substitute drugs, or social media,
         | porn, or calling others idiots on the Internet.
         | 
         | Wait a minute...
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | So, do we train AI on Brave New World or 1984?
        
             | Retric wrote:
             | Why not both?
        
               | Ekaros wrote:
               | Throw Fahrenheit 451 in mix and we also get to get rid of
               | non-AI generated content...
        
       | originalcopying wrote:
       | they're there to run a business first, and look out for your
       | health second; budgetary constraints permitting, of course.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | The problem is people duped into switching into Medicare
       | Advantage, which they can't undo. See
       | https://www.newsweek.com/how-medicare-advantage-scams-senior...
        
         | tpmoney wrote:
         | What do you mean you can't undo it?
         | 
         | https://www.medicare.gov/sign-up-change-plans/joining-a-heal...
         | 
         | >Medicare Advantage Open Enrollment Period. From January 1 -
         | March 31 each year, if you're enrolled in a Medicare Advantage
         | Plan, you can switch to a different Medicare Advantage Plan or
         | switch to Original Medicare (and join a separate Medicare drug
         | plan) once during this time. Note: You can only switch plans
         | once during this period.
        
           | erentz wrote:
           | Something to be aware of is that when using Original Medicare
           | you will want to also get a Medicare Supplement (Medigap)
           | plan. Medicare only pays 80%, the Medigap pays the extra 20%
           | (no questions, anything approved by Medicare they cover the
           | gap on).
           | 
           | But you are only guaranteed to be able to join Medigap during
           | your initial enrollment at 65. If you switch back from
           | Medicare Advantage to Original Medicare you are not
           | guaranteed to be able to get Medigap. This can leave you
           | stuck. It will possibly vary from state to state so it pays
           | to get up to speed with the rules in your local state.
           | 
           | If you're expecting to be sick in old age or if you get
           | Medicare due to a disability that is likely to have a lot of
           | expensive treatment or require you to see different doctors
           | in different areas it is best (IM-somewhat-experienced-O) to
           | take Original Medicare.
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | As far as I can see, this isn't news; medical insurers (and
       | really any kind of insurers) use rules (algorithms) to decide
       | which claims they should pay out on. Even if they could evaluate
       | each claim completely individually and personally, they'd get
       | sued for not treating all claimants equally. They _have_ to use
       | rules.
       | 
       | And saying it's "AI" when it's just an algorithm (or even just a
       | checklist) is getting annoying.
       | 
       | I started getting annoyed when game developers called the
       | algorithms used to control NPCs and so on "AI", when it's
       | actually hand-made rules, finely tuned. Nowadays, if it's been
       | anywhere near automation, then it's OK to call it "AI". A
       | calculator could be called "AI" (if they still made them).
        
         | CWuestefeld wrote:
         | Is there any system on the whole planet, where the entities
         | responsible for the payment are willing to just write a blank
         | check no matter what? I'm pretty sure that there's always going
         | to be some kind of cost-benefit balancing, probably based on
         | QALYs and such.
        
         | gwright wrote:
         | > They have to use rules.
         | 
         | There are rules and then there are rules. It is the details of
         | the particular rule that is of interest. The use of "AI" in
         | that article seems like clickbait to me.
         | 
         | The article seems to suggest that predictions based on
         | aggregate statistics are being applied to implement strict
         | coverage approval for individuals. That seems like a complete
         | misunderstanding of predictive value of those statistics for a
         | particular individual. Not sure if that is gross incompetance
         | or malfeasance. Either way, a problem.
        
           | nerdponx wrote:
           | Whenever money is involved, invert Hanlon's razor. High prior
           | or malice, low prior on ineptutide.
           | 
           | Some well-meaning team of data scientists might have produced
           | this model originally. But its employment in this manner
           | cannot be assumed to be anything _other_ than malfeasance,
           | except in the face of significant evidence to the contrary.
        
         | nerdponx wrote:
         | The news here is that insurers have a new tool for excusing
         | themselves of responsibility, and might start to wield it in
         | order to deny even more claims than before.
        
       | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
       | Any time I see the output of a statistical model like "estimated
       | length of stay" that gives a number like "16.6 days" without also
       | saying something like "with a 95% confidence interval of -5.1 /
       | +20.9 days", I get pretty confident the goal is not actually to
       | help decision-making.
        
         | thomascgalvin wrote:
         | The goal is to provide "evidence" for the decision that has
         | already been made. She was "recovered" and no longer "needed"
         | care. Now, generate supporting evidence for that conclusion.
        
         | Espressosaurus wrote:
         | It's to launder guilt. I'm not denying the benefit. It's "The
         | Algorithm" (TM). Nobody can change "The Algorithm" (TM), we'll
         | just have to live with it. Sorry, but you're on your own.
        
           | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
           | Or, as the TV show Little Britain put it: "Computer says no"
        
           | Gibbon1 wrote:
           | Separate thing I've notices since having a chronic health
           | issue for 20 years is the medical system uses 'patient
           | empowerment' to shield themselves from any responsibility. At
           | the same time patients have little actual power beyond
           | whining.
        
       | steve76 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | MilnerRoute wrote:
       | Earlier discussion about "Medicare Advantage" plans.
       | 
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35001728
        
       | gaterin wrote:
       | The two most inefficient groups in our society are children and
       | retirees. The natural progression is to put the children to work
       | and kill off the retirees.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | I live in a town that has offered a novel answer to the riddle
         | of "low value humans".
         | 
         | The homeless. The head-injured. Low income families. Recently
         | released prisoners. The impoverished elderly. My town has
         | arranged itself to serve that population.
         | 
         | Or more specifically, my town receives money from the state for
         | providing these services. It's our #1 industry. All the other
         | towns bring their "problem people" here.
         | 
         | It's probably the most efficient approach (within legality).
         | We've concentrated them all in one place. (It's gotten kind of
         | dangerous and filthy.)
         | 
         | It used to be a nice college town.
        
           | tmpz22 wrote:
           | So ghettos?
        
           | l_theanine wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | danielrpa wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Escape_from_New_York
        
           | poorbutdebtfree wrote:
           | The decision makers never live with these decisions. Sound
           | the bell and you're a white nationalist transphobe.
        
       | thinkingkong wrote:
       | There's a war being waged on whether or not we're going to allow
       | certain institutions to belong to the commons. If certain
       | industries had their way, every sip of water and every breath of
       | air would have an associated cost and market value.
       | 
       | Can't afford to pay? It's unfortunate, but that's your own fault.
       | 
       | Every time we encode and reinforce these systems through laws,
       | market mechanisms, and now AI, we tacitly agree that people who
       | cannot afford such things do not deserve them. If you can't
       | afford private healthcare before the 0 cost system was
       | implemented to decide that well... best of luck!
        
         | alexpotato wrote:
         | > If certain industries had their way, every sip of water and
         | every breath of air would have an associated cost and market
         | value.
         | 
         | For those of you who think this isn't happening with basic
         | resources like water, let me point you to:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cochabamba_Water_War
        
         | CWuestefeld wrote:
         | In principle, if we paid MORE attention to property rights
         | around these resources, we wouldn't be in the situation we find
         | ourselves with respect to air and water pollution, carbon
         | emissions, and so forth.
         | 
         | If there were an owner, somehow, of the air, or the air over my
         | house, or something, then when other entities are trying to
         | externalize their own costs (by way of dumping carbon into the
         | air, say), then we'd be able to use vanilla tort law to recover
         | those costs as damages.
         | 
         | I'm not saying we should necessarily do that - obviously there
         | are big questions about just whose bit of water this is, and
         | how to determine who's causing the damages. But if we could
         | somehow answer those questions, it seems like the market could
         | supply the answer. That, to me, suggests that moving in the
         | opposite direction is not obviously the best answer.
        
           | jrumbut wrote:
           | That seems to be more or less the approach we've taken to
           | date and it's set up a whack a mole game that we appear to be
           | losing.
           | 
           | Get in trouble for air pollution, convert to water pollution,
           | the media gets upset about some chemical you release, then
           | convert it into something no one's thought to regulate yet.
           | 
           | We don't have infinite time to play like this.
        
             | CWuestefeld wrote:
             | _That seems to be more or less the approach we 've taken to
             | date_
             | 
             | I can't see this at all. Can you provide any example of
             | property rights actually being vested in air or in water?
             | 
             | By comparison, if we talk about pollution of the soil, we
             | don't have very much of a problem there. I mean, it
             | happens. Like people's oil tanks leak, but that's a big
             | part of the reason that we no longer build houses with oil-
             | fired heat. I knew an environmental attorney who talked
             | about the horrors of the liability when a homeowner's oil
             | leach into the soil. This has taught us not to do that
             | anymore.
             | 
             | But precisely because no particular entity owns the
             | atmosphere, or (in most cases) the water, there's nobody
             | that has standing to recover those externalized costs of
             | pollution. So we haven't gone that route, and the problem
             | remains largely unfixed.
        
           | zukzuk wrote:
           | Keep in mind property rights can have the opposite effect too
           | -- impinging on the greater good in favour of the property
           | rights of the few. The obvious example being NIMBYism; for
           | example higher density construction that would benefit the
           | city gets blocked by low-density homeowners who don't want
           | their property negatively affected.
        
         | philjohn wrote:
         | If you haven't, check out the musical "Urinetown". Private
         | toilets are banned, and all of the public conveniences are
         | owned by a megacord - the UGC (Urine Good Company).
        
           | mort96 wrote:
           | I love that pun. It's pronounced exactly the same as "you're
           | in good company".
        
         | cassepipe wrote:
         | Maurice Godelier is a very interesting anthropologist according
         | to me. I remember reading from him that one thing that he
         | observed in all societies he studied is that some things are
         | meant to circulate, to be sold, give, whatever, and some other
         | things are meant to be kept/preserved.
         | 
         | Maybe it's ok to keep some things out of the market's reach
        
       | LorenPechtel wrote:
       | This sort of garbage will not be fixed until there's a real
       | penalty for denied claims. Not merely pay the claim, but enough
       | to deter misbehavior.
        
         | whoomp12342 wrote:
         | There is a real penalty? I mean, even if you implemented this,
         | they would fight the penalty just like all the claims they
         | fight today
        
           | darkarmani wrote:
           | Make the penalty increase exponentially each time they lose.
           | Eventually, they will stop fighting it all.
        
           | mywittyname wrote:
           | Right now, there's no cost to blanket denials, but there's a
           | huge incentive to do it. My partner works on the hospital
           | side of things, and several major insurance providers deny
           | _literally_ every claim. And why not? At worst, it just means
           | that the insurance company can wait a year or more before
           | paying. At best, they never pay.
           | 
           | Of course, it's also the insurance companies who are
           | adjudicating the claims.
        
             | elliekelly wrote:
             | It reminds me of this thread[1] from a few weeks ago. The
             | article was so infuriating to read.
             | 
             | [1]https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34639988
        
         | Wingman4l7 wrote:
         | How much is the fine for practicing medicine without a license?
         | This is basically what they're doing by denying claims.
        
           | ceejayoz wrote:
           | They have rubber-stamp clinicians. Here's an ortho doc
           | getting a denial based on the opinion of a surgeon who _put a
           | hip replacement in backwards_ and is no longer allowed to
           | practice surgery, so he works for an insurer now.
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/generalorthomd/status/163034936649709568.
           | ..
           | 
           | https://twitter.com/generalorthomd/status/163207481760743833.
           | ..
        
             | Wingman4l7 wrote:
             | Yeah, I'm aware of this; IMO it's a loophole they've been
             | heavily abusing. I would deem this "practicing
             | telemedicine". We do have /some/ regulations on
             | telemedicine (I think? I hope?) -- you could argue that
             | they're violating those.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | I've been thinking about this, but not enough to dig into
             | the details. Is there a legal obligation for "insurance"
             | companies to use licensed medial professionals for
             | justifying denials (similar to how many fields of
             | engineering require a PE stamp)? And if so, would it be
             | possible to make an organized effort to go after their
             | licenses with the relevant state boards?
        
               | hypothesis wrote:
               | Those tweets include documents that show doc as
               | restricted to "non-operative office-based medicine or
               | administrative medicine". Clearly they thought that he is
               | okay in this exact position.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Well sure, but since he continues to damage people's
               | health even in that limited role, it would seem there is
               | a new cause for action.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | Yes; the doc in this case filed a complaint. https://twit
               | ter.com/generalorthomd/status/163207481637850726...
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | Practicing doctors don't have the bandwidth to do this
               | except in the most egregious of cases though.
               | 
               | I'm imagining a non-profit organization that solicits any
               | denial by "insurance" companies, determines if it is
               | based on medical reasons, determines if it is medically
               | imprudent (including harm caused by delaying care), and
               | files a mostly pre-prepared complaint to the appropriate
               | medical board. Make it extremely uncomfortable to work
               | for a death panel.
               | 
               | Then if the state boards start really brushing the
               | complaints under the table to protect the death panels,
               | turn it into a direct political issue. Right now there's
               | too much plausible deniability to hide behind.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | This doc _is_ licensed. He 's just not allowed to touch
               | patients any more.
               | 
               | Perfect candidate for an insurance company; he's got no
               | other prospects, so he'll do what he's expected to. Which
               | is deny, deny, deny.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I had an insurance company that every year would stop paying
         | anything at all and mail me a convoluted form claiming I had
         | some other insurance that should be paying.
         | 
         | Every year I had to fill out the forms saying that I didn't
         | have any other insurance before they paid.
         | 
         | It felt like a straight up scam to get people to pay some bills
         | that show up without realizing what was going on / receiving
         | and returning the forms.
        
           | eppp wrote:
           | I think this is pretty common practice. I get a letter every
           | single year to verify that I dont have any other insurance
           | and they will stop processing claims until I do it. I
           | typically just do the IVR and its only a couple of minutes.
        
             | lawn wrote:
             | As a Swede, this sounds so ridiculous.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | It is, but our country is paralyzed by a political
               | fallacy of " _if the market is already so bad, imagine
               | how much worse government exerting any sort of deliberate
               | policy would make it!_ ". And then add in the lobbying
               | process where bills only get passed when some corporate
               | sponsor stands to gain [0], and it's a self-fulfilling
               | prophecy. See also the "death panel" meme, as if that
               | isn't a term that perfectly describes the "insurance"
               | racket we've had all along.
               | 
               | [0] eg one of the bullet points of widely celebrated
               | health care reform was making it mandatory to pay the
               | cartel!
        
               | willcipriano wrote:
               | We already spend more in the US, per captia, than any
               | other nation on earth on socialized medcine. The reason
               | we don't have universal coverage isn't due to a lack of
               | resources so it has to be either a lack of ability or
               | theft, probably both.
        
               | vuln wrote:
               | Find me a country with the population, sprawl, and never
               | ending consumption of processed unhealthy poison like the
               | US.
               | 
               | There isn't one. I'm not saying healthcare in America is
               | perfect or arguing that insurance companies aren't rent
               | seeking or that this can't be changed. I'm just stating
               | that the US is the most unhealthy country there has ever
               | been.
        
               | RichEO wrote:
               | How about Australia? Not the same population, but
               | otherwise the criteria fits.
        
               | jewayne wrote:
               | > I'm just stating that the US is the most unhealthy
               | country there has ever been.
               | 
               | More unhealthy than England during the Black Death?
               | 
               | Also, Mexico has already passed the US in obesity, and
               | tons of countries have more smoking that the US.
               | 
               | But that rant wasn't supposed to be fact-based, was it?
        
               | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
               | As Steinbeck was (mis-)quoted: "Socialism never took root
               | in America because the poor see themselves not as an
               | exploited proletariat but as temporarily embarrassed
               | millionaires."
        
               | nsxwolf wrote:
               | "Death panels" sounded absurd in 2009, especially given
               | who is most famous for introducing us the term. In 2023,
               | when I look at Canada's ever expanding MAiD programs, it
               | doesn't seem as absurd.
               | 
               | If you're a government bureaucrat tasked with reducing
               | healthcare expenditures, in a society that's made the
               | determination that suicide is an acceptable medical
               | treatment, you are incentivized to increase the practice.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | "Death panels" was absurd because it's a hyperbolic
               | description of what private "insurers" already did. If
               | you're a corporate bureaucrat tasked with reducing
               | healthcare expenditures ...
               | 
               | I agree that Canada's pushing for classifying suicide as
               | medical treatment is worrying. Suicide is a human right,
               | but making it part of the medical system's all-
               | encompassing paternalism is regressive.
               | 
               | In general we need less intermediation between
               | individuals and medical care, not more. And the
               | "insurance" cartel is one hell of an intermediary. The
               | concept of the HMO is a complete failure, and they should
               | be made illegal for their basic anti-competitiveness.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | If we're going to have death panels either way, I'd at
               | least prefer the panelists don't get bonuses for choosing
               | death thank you very much.
               | 
               | Better if those bonuses go into reducing deaths.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | Personally I think many later in life decisions can both
               | save money and benefit the individual.
               | 
               | Do not do not resuscitate and forgoing treatment can make
               | people's lives better, reduce suffering.
        
               | jkaptur wrote:
               | We know.
        
               | duxup wrote:
               | It is ridiculous too many Americans too.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | My thing is why should I have to do it at all?
             | 
             | They know I have their insurance... I have it so they
             | pay... do the thing...
        
           | sidewndr46 wrote:
           | The trick is never to fill out the forms unless sent via
           | registered mail. Just say you were unaware.
        
             | neura wrote:
             | Maybe you missed the part where the insurance stopped
             | paying anything. If you do nothing, the insurance wins
             | while you still have to eventually pay or suffer other
             | consequences.
             | 
             | The only trick here is tricking yourself into thinking
             | you've won until proven otherwise.
        
             | duxup wrote:
             | Then I just get billed by the provider directly.
        
         | whitemary wrote:
         | How would a penalizing denied claims generate a profit?
        
           | jgeada wrote:
           | If the profit from denying medically necessary care is
           | greater than the cost of the penalties for denying that same
           | care, then it is profitable to deny that care. A fine that is
           | lower than the profit isn't a fine, it is just cost of
           | business.
           | 
           | Our regulatory system has totally failed, which is why it is
           | rife with these perverse incentives.
        
             | whitemary wrote:
             | > _Our regulatory system has totally failed, which is why
             | it is rife with these perverse incentives._
             | 
             | Our so-called "regulatory system" works precisely as Karl
             | Marx expected it to 150 years ago. The so-called "perverse
             | incentives" are fundamental characteristics of capitalism.
             | 
             | The delusion that haunts us originated with the idea that
             | capitalism is not a system but a set of isolated features
             | that we can opt into and out of as we please. Karl Marx
             | showed us 150 years ago that capitalism is in fact a
             | complex system with many contradictions.
        
               | CWuestefeld wrote:
               | Are you under the impression that funding healthcare
               | services via Medicare has even the slightest resemblance
               | to capitalism? I can't think of any industry that is
               | farther away from this. I mean, Medicare is be definition
               | run by the government, and the way that the service
               | providers deal with it is highly controlled by the
               | government. This looks absolutely nothing like a free
               | market, it's entirely the product of socialist control
               | (if I can define "socialism" as "government controls the
               | means of production" rather than outright "owning" it).
        
               | whitemary wrote:
               | Medicare was enacted as an alternative to the
               | nationalized universal healthcare systems proposed by
               | socialists at the time. The capitalists in charge
               | preferred Medicare because it could appease enough of the
               | domestic population while preserving opportunities to
               | exploit working Americans for a profit. It's as simple as
               | that.
               | 
               | And no, your so-called "free market healthcare" fantasy
               | was not considered an option because it was in fact the
               | problem to solve.
        
               | CWuestefeld wrote:
               | So, again, is it your position that the results we see
               | from Medicare - where the payer is the government itself,
               | and the provider side is operating under extremely tight
               | rules dictated by the government, can be considered
               | representative of how things might play out in a free
               | market?
               | 
               | You haven't come out and said so, so I apologize if I'm
               | putting words in your mouth. But it seems like you're
               | arguing toward a position: because we can see that
               | government control of the market has resulted in the mess
               | that we call Medicare, we should therefore stomp out any
               | further vestiges of the market and put the government in
               | control of that as well. This doesn't seem like a sane
               | position.
        
           | whoomp12342 wrote:
           | penalization fee goes straight to a competitor
        
         | forgetfreeman wrote:
         | You misspelled "will not be fixed until insurers are entirely
         | eliminated from the healthcare market".
        
       | PaulHoule wrote:
       | Medicare 'Advantage' is a scam transparent to everyone except
       | your congressman.
        
         | nkrisc wrote:
         | > everyone except your congressman.
         | 
         | Oh, your Congressman knows. It's not members of Congress
         | they're trying to deceive with that name.
        
         | christophilus wrote:
         | Is it? My dad absolutely loves it, but I don't think he's faced
         | its limits. How is it worse than plain Medicare? (Asking
         | seriously as a mostly uninformed non-participant.)
        
           | ineptech wrote:
           | It might be helpful to read this recent HN submission and its
           | comments:
           | 
           | > Stop the Medicare "Advantage" Scam Before Medicare Is Dead
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35001728
        
         | treeman79 wrote:
         | You're giving many congressmen too much credit. Many believe
         | the scam they perpetuate.
        
         | whitemary wrote:
         | Ironically, this is the most naive comment in the entire
         | thread.
         | 
         | The many private corporations who profit from Medicare
         | Advantage know exactly how it works. In fact, they hired the
         | congressmen!
         | 
         | The Libertarian Fallacy is a stubborn one!
        
       | [deleted]
        
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