[HN Gopher] There have been 562 bank failures since 2000
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       There have been 562 bank failures since 2000
        
       Author : pranshum
       Score  : 125 points
       Date   : 2023-03-11 19:09 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
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       | Kyragem wrote:
       | Trump and republicans increased the capital treshhold of banks
       | from 50B to 250B where banks must comply with an FDIC stress test
       | as defined by Dodd-frank regulations. A small bank like SVB would
       | have probably been required to hold more capital and wouldn't
       | have gone bankrupt.
        
         | muyuu wrote:
         | or perhaps it wouldn't have been able to survive to that
         | regulation in the first place
         | 
         | it does seem like the current banking system is weird and full
         | of vestigial features, they are so regulated they might as well
         | be publicly owned
        
       | jansan wrote:
       | But with the other banks there never were six top stories at the
       | same time on Hacker News' front page.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Makes sense. Y Combinator is a startup incubator who created
         | HN, HN was originally called Startup News and there is probably
         | no other bank so closely associated to startups as Silicon
         | Valley Bank. HN is basically "Silicon Valley News".
        
         | bsuvc wrote:
         | You can upvote the submissions you want to see higher.
        
       | kibwen wrote:
       | Is that "second largest bank failure of all time" adjusting for
       | inflation?
        
         | frompdx wrote:
         | Based on the wiki for WaMu, the numbers are not inflation
         | adjusted. According to the BLS CPI calculator, $1.00 in October
         | 2022 has the buying power of $0.73 in September 2008, when WaMu
         | failed. 20.9b is closer to 15.3b in 2008 dollars. Based on the
         | graphic in the post, it's still the second largest, yet half as
         | large as the largest.
         | 
         | As a disclaimer, I'm not an expert and am unaware what flaws my
         | analysis may have.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Washington_Mutual
         | 
         | https://www.bls.gov/data/inflation_calculator.htm
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Pick 2009 as a starting date instead of 2000.
        
       | mdasen wrote:
       | It's not just SVB, but the title is a bit misleading. There's
       | been 22 failures since 2016 and 10 since 2018 and they've been
       | really small compared to SVB. The article has this information so
       | it isn't a misleading article, but damn the title is misleading.
       | The 562 number makes it seem like bank failures are really
       | common.
       | 
       | These failures aren't common, especially of SVB's size.
       | Washington Mutual is the only larger failure at the height of the
       | 2008 financial crisis (47% larger). The next largest was IndyMac,
       | but SVB's failure is 6.5x larger than IndyMac (which also failed
       | during the financial crisis).
       | 
       | As the article shows, there were many years of fallout from the
       | 2008 crisis, but then bank failures became quite rare again.
       | 
       | The author believes that SVB will be acquired given that's what
       | happened to Washington Mutual. The author doesn't talk about
       | Wachovia and they technically were bought before failure, but
       | they were bought as well. However, I'm less sure of this for SVB.
       | WaMu and Wachovia had vast branch and ATM networks allowing Chase
       | and Wells Fargo to hugely increase their footprint. SVB doesn't
       | come with that. Given that SVB has seen a run on its deposits and
       | its reputation shredded, is it coming with enough stuff to be
       | worthwhile? I guess it'll depend on how bad its situation is.
       | When Wells Fargo bought Wachovia, they essentially doubled in
       | size and had the largest branch network in the US. WaMu
       | essentially doubled the size of Chase. In both cases, it opened
       | up huge new parts of the country to the acquiring banks. What
       | does SVB offer? Existing relationships with tech companies which
       | have now soured?
       | 
       | I think calling this "not just SVB" is misleading. SVB really
       | stands alone as an extremely large failure and the only large
       | failure since the end of the 2008 financial crisis. Maybe that
       | will change in the coming weeks or months, but lumping them in
       | with 562 other failures (most of which were a result of the 2008
       | financial crisis) is really misleading - especially for an
       | article that is actually good.
        
         | vishal0123 wrote:
         | > These failures aren't common
         | 
         | These are common when inflation rate grows faster than
         | expected. Since 2016 is a small timeframe to find the average.
        
         | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
         | The point is that there's a constant background noise of
         | failures with occasional explosive peaks.
         | 
         | Although it's not easy to call the exact timing, the same manic
         | depressive financial cycle has been happening for centuries.
         | 
         | Banking is supposed to limit its effects. Somehow -
         | inexplicably, to the constant shock and surprise of economists
         | and the industry - it seems to make them worse.
        
         | FormerBandmate wrote:
         | SVB is the second largest failure ever. Nobody really cares in
         | finance circles if some tiny bank in Missouri with $5 million
         | in assets fails, people certainly do about this
        
           | lucb1e wrote:
           | Is that "second largest failure ever" after adjusting for
           | inflation? (I have no idea, I'm not really following these
           | things so I hope it's okay to just ask the obvious)
           | 
           | Edit: randomly spotted that I asked a duplicate question from
           | another subthread
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=35111958 According to
           | the reply there, it's not adjusted, so the highscore seems a
           | bit meaningless
        
       | SilverBirch wrote:
       | One thing that's kind of weird here is the peverse incentives.
       | There are quite a lot of people going around insisting that the
       | government has to step in and bail out the large depositors of
       | SVB becuase if you don't, well... then no small bank is safe!
       | There should be a run on every bank! Which is kind of... you
       | know. Scummmy. If your money is locked up in SVB its certainly
       | convenient if the Fed feels it has to step in and bail you out
       | even though SVB isn't systemically important. So what you do is
       | you make the argument that the system _will_ collapse because
       | there will be a run on every bank! But... the only thing that 's
       | likely to cause a run on every bank is... you. You, running
       | around shouting that no bank is safe. Real people are FDIC
       | insured.
       | 
       | The problems with SVB are specific, not systemic, and there are
       | other banks and they may also have this specific issue, but if
       | they do then people will pretty quickly catch on (hint: these
       | issues weren't hidden). You can make a broader point, which is
       | that SVB failing will impact a lot of silicon valley businesses,
       | and you can do your best to argue those businesses are creating a
       | fantastic new world and there worth saving (and definitely aren't
       | causing teen depression, minting billionaires who use their
       | wealth to destroy free speech, and generally just enriching
       | loathsome fraudsters), but then you are basically arguing for the
       | Fed to step in and socialise the losses of douchebag
       | libertarians. Fine, save SVB, funded by a 1-off 100% wealth tax
       | on anyone worth over $10m in silicon valley. Welcome comrade.
        
         | adolph wrote:
         | > Fine, save SVB, funded by a 1-off 100% wealth tax on anyone
         | worth over $10m in silicon valley.
         | 
         | The interesting part to this is that if wealth (assets) were
         | taxed thusly, they would probably lose a lot of value when
         | liquidated to pay taxes, thus decreasing the realized taxable
         | amount. As I understand it, a similar principle was behind
         | SVB's "losses" as well.
        
       | benatkin wrote:
       | Yes just SVB. It was huge and we already know about WaMu.
        
       | IndoorPatio wrote:
       | If only there were some sort of effective regulation to prevent
       | this...
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | This is total 'whataboutism'. This bank failure is the second
       | largest of all time in the US, and has a potential massive
       | contagion with lots of ripple effects through the tech industry.
       | 
       | This _" Not just SVB"_ and _" There have been 562 other bank
       | failures before"_ deflection doesn't help those affected.
        
         | froglets wrote:
         | Is it just the tech industry though? It sounds like they
         | invested too much of their deposits in mortgage backed
         | securities, which doesn't really have to do with tech?
        
         | marginalia_nu wrote:
         | I think 'whataboutism' only really makes sense in accusations
         | of moral error.
         | 
         | You can accuse the financial sector of many moral errors, but I
         | don't think SVB would intentionally fail.
        
       | mindcreek wrote:
       | these banks are connected to each other, secure yourself in
       | physical assets until shitstorm is over, oh wait :)
        
       | ezekg wrote:
       | I'm surprised the author didn't include a chart like this:
       | https://twitter.com/alistairmbarr/status/1634275645235793920. It
       | shows how bad the SVB situation really is. It's been very quiet
       | since 2008 and its aftermath. Until now.
        
         | mjlawson wrote:
         | Also note that the prior large spikes were due in large part to
         | multiple banks failing as well [1]. It's also notable in that
         | this is the second largest bank to fail in the data I've been
         | able to track since 2008 [2].
         | 
         | [1] https://www.fdic.gov/bank/historical/bank/ [2]
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_bank_failures_in_the_U...
        
         | jvanderbot wrote:
         | Wait so svb made up that whole spike? A chart with number of
         | banks would hardly show a blip this year?
        
           | ezekg wrote:
           | Yes. SVB was the first bank failure since 2020.
        
             | raziel2701 wrote:
             | Wasn't silvergate the first failure just days before SVB?
        
         | rektide wrote:
         | That shows money, which is interesting.
         | 
         | I'd also like to see "Years of Banking Institutions Lost"...
         | SVB is supposedly 40 years old... how old were banks that had
         | failed in the past? That'd be an interesting other way to
         | tally/view the magnitude of what happens, a kind of indicator
         | of volatility.
         | 
         | My thought is... if a whole bunch of banks open then shut down
         | 3 years latter, it doesn't seem as notable as a bunch of more
         | established banks going under.
        
           | bumby wrote:
           | Why does that sort of "infant mortality" matter in finance if
           | they play by the same rules?
           | 
           | I'm not being argumentative, just trying to understand. In
           | physical systems, that view would be used to apply additional
           | stress testing early to reduce the overall risk exposure
           | (e.g., test a pump for a certain run time to be assured it's
           | made it out of the early failure age and is more likely to
           | last a lot longer). I'm not quite sure how this applies to
           | contrived (non-physical) systems.
        
             | davrosthedalek wrote:
             | I can imagine two effects why a younger bank might
             | experience higher risk:
             | 
             | 1) a young bank is more likely to experience a high-growth
             | phase, which produces operational challenges
             | 
             | 2) a young bank might be founded to serve a new business
             | niche, and experience with the challenges of that niche
             | might be less prevalent in the banking sector. Like
             | airplane regulations, rules are written in blood.
        
         | bink wrote:
         | Yeah, I don't know anyone saying "it's just SVB since 2000".
         | They're saying SVB is the first major bank in a long time (and
         | hopefully not a harbinger of things to come).
        
           | saalweachter wrote:
           | I'm actually curious if SVB failed _because_ it had so many
           | highly connected  "big" customers.
           | 
           | A panic moves a lot faster if each person is pulling 8+
           | figures from the bank, and you have a lot more incentive to
           | panic if you have more than the 6 figures of FDIC insured
           | balance in the bank. There's also a measurable difference in
           | hearing crazy Jim down at the pub pulled his $400 out of the
           | local credit union because he heard the fed was raising rates
           | and hearing from the VC on your startup's board that three
           | guys -- guys you know and think are cooler than you -- have
           | pulled their next year of runway from SVB because they're
           | worried for vague handwaving macroeconomics reasons that
           | sound plausibly impressive to you.
        
           | latency-guy2 wrote:
           | It sure is, and I hope congress and the Fed learns their
           | lesson this time, seeing as some of the same people who
           | worked in previous economic failures are still around, I
           | doubt it.
        
             | Grimburger wrote:
             | What lesson is that? To allow inflation run rampant in
             | order to protect Basel exempted businesses from their own
             | bad decisions?
             | 
             | Inflation must be tamed, it's detrimental longterm effects
             | is magnitudes worse than a bank deservedly going bust for
             | it's lack of risk management.
        
               | raziel2701 wrote:
               | In my opinion the Fed should be more decisive and data-
               | dependent. In 2021 the Fed stubbornly stuck to an
               | "inflation is transitory" narrative that meant they did
               | not start raising rates all of 2021 when most people
               | could see the excess and the mania of a bubble. Rates
               | should have started to be raised since the summer of
               | 2021, they could've done a slow and steady pace.
               | 
               | Instead, once things got super hot inflation-wise, then
               | they flip flop and start a very rapid pace of rate hikes,
               | unsurprisingly something broke and here we are once more
               | talking about bailouts, about more QE. We're frenetically
               | going from rapid tightening of financial conditions, to
               | potentially, rapid loosening of said conditions. The Fed
               | is supposed to raise rates in two weeks, I'm not sure if
               | they will change their mind given what just transpired
               | this last week.
               | 
               | I agree inflation must be tamed, I criticize the Fed's
               | inability, or unwillingness, to start addressing it at
               | least a year earlier. From my cynical perspective,
               | keeping rates super low is a fucking party to the stock
               | market and lots of powerful people want to keep the party
               | going and they closed their ears to the inflation alarms.
               | Now we're facing the possibility of another crisis (we'll
               | see how things play out next week) and we know that the
               | proposed solution will be to lower rates and
               | accommodative policy that actually contributes to
               | inflation. It's a shit show I'm tired of seeing repeat.
        
               | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
               | Inflation is caused by profiteering and opportunism aided
               | by the occasional supply shock.
               | 
               | Trying to control it solely with interest rates makes as
               | much sense as trying to fly a beach ball to Mars.
        
               | frankfrankfrank wrote:
               | Those are simply common correlate effects. Inflation is
               | really rather simple, it is inflation of the money
               | supply, i.e., printing more Monopoly money for oneself,
               | knockoff purses, using chemicals to create fake honey,
               | it's what counterfeiters do ... whether it's some North
               | Koreans or the federal government ... its fraud,
               | criminal, illegal, immoral, evil, and a clear indicator
               | of illegitimacy of this or any government that does what
               | this fake government has done.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > What lesson is that?
               | 
               | That there maybe shouldn't be as many:
               | 
               | > Basel exempted businesses'
        
               | saveferris wrote:
               | Not the poster you asked. But, a lesson we continue to
               | ignore is that there are other options to tame inflation
               | besides raising interest rates. The problem is the option
               | isn't politically expedient so Congress just raises its
               | hands in mock exasperation and says well, it's the Fed's
               | mandate to manage inflation.
               | 
               | Congress are cowards and won't do what should be done -
               | raise taxes. That is likely the fastest least painful
               | long term solution to quickly climbing inflation
               | 
               | I say likely solution because at this point economies are
               | so complex I'm not certain there are solutions without
               | any butterfly effect consequences
        
               | di456 wrote:
               | The notion of managing "core" inflation ignores huge cost
               | increases for housing, energy, education, and healthcare
               | 
               | All of those are to me basic infrastructure to support a
               | healthy economy.
        
               | tines wrote:
               | I know nothing about economics. Can you help me
               | understand how raising taxes helps deal with inflation?
               | Is the idea that the federal government "deletes" some of
               | the money it receives through taxes, like the opposite of
               | printing more money which cheapens the existing supply?
        
               | convolvatron wrote:
               | that would .. actually make sense. I can't imagine anyone
               | who is winning in the status quo being anything but
               | horrified at the thought.
               | 
               | has any currency ever done this? isn't there a risk of a
               | Japanese-style concurrent inflation and recession?
        
               | frankfrankfrank wrote:
               | Yes, on the face of it. The issue with what appears to be
               | the same old game is that those who absconded with the
               | wealth pillaged through funny money, are not going to be
               | the ones getting punished to "fix things". This opens up
               | a whole different set of cascading consequences because
               | now on top of the moral hazard we had, we've gone well
               | beyond that because the perpetrators have learned there
               | are not only no consequences, but that you will be
               | rewarded for your evils.
               | 
               | Combined with other factors too numerous to really go
               | into here, we are seeing the emergence of essentially an
               | aristocracy in the USA and Europe, consisting of, as the
               | earlier aristocracy, of the pillagers of their own people
               | and the people of the rest of the world.
        
               | AnimalMuppet wrote:
               | That is an interesting idea, but it won't happen, because
               | Congress won't "delete" the money. Instead, they'll spend
               | it.
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | You have stated Modern Monetary Theory precisely. Yes
               | that is the new modern argument - government prints
               | money, spends it on hospitals etc thus putting it in
               | circulation and deletes it by taxation.
               | 
               | One HN comment == ten years of economic debate. :-)
        
               | adolph wrote:
               | Too bad malloc gets called significantly more often than
               | free.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | nico wrote:
               | Unfortunately, the current tax structure
               | disproportionately affects not-as-wealthy
               | people/companies. So raising taxes would probably be a
               | very unfair move to most people.
               | 
               | My fantasy would be for the government to abolish taxes
               | altogether and just print the money they need, then use
               | whatever mechanisms they have to take enough money out of
               | the market to keep inflation in check.
               | 
               | That way we wouldn't have to pay taxes and the government
               | could just get whatever money they need when they need
               | it. I mean, they already do, so why make people jump
               | through hoops and threaten them with jail for not paying
               | taxes properly, if they could just do without taxes in
               | the first place?
               | 
               | It kinda feels like the whole system is a scam to keep
               | control over the population.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | > _then use whatever mechanisms they have to take enough
               | money out of the market to keep inflation in check._
               | 
               | What mechanisms would these be, if not taxes?
               | 
               | The other main contemporary mechanism is raising interest
               | rates, which only works on money that has been previously
               | loaned out at a lower rate, and thus isn't a long term
               | sustainable mechanism for recapture.
        
               | nico wrote:
               | Great question. I don't know, that's why it's a fantasy.
               | 
               | But I'm guessing that taxes isn't the only or even the
               | biggest way in which money is taken out of circulation.
               | 
               | In fact, if you ask google "how is money taken out or
               | circulation?", the first few answers don't mention taxes
               | at all.
        
               | mxkopy wrote:
               | > Congress are cowards and won't do what should be done -
               | raise taxes.
               | 
               | They're still cowards for not doing it but what should've
               | been done is an increase in interest rates half a decade
               | ago.
        
               | lazide wrote:
               | The fed tried - and the chairman almost got fired for it.
               | Remember?
               | 
               | [https://www.cnbc.com/amp/2018/12/22/trump-reportedly-
               | wants-t...]
               | 
               | Almost 5 years ago exactly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | asimpletune wrote:
               | Yeah it's crazy bc everyone's talking like it's just the
               | rise in rates that's to blame for the asset/deposit
               | mismatch, but really it was the 0% interest rates that
               | came before that really did it. It was during that time
               | that SVB had a lot of extra deposits, but no short term
               | way to back it, since short term t-bills were paying
               | practically 0% interest.
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | Wouldn't it be better for congress to spend less? That's
               | way better than raising taxes.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | That doesn't address inflation. The point is that money
               | needs to be taken out of the system. That used to be done
               | by high tax rates on high incomes, and the estate tax.
               | Both have basically been neutered.
               | 
               | But all things considered, 5% is not really a high
               | interest rate. People are just acting as if it's
               | unreasonable because they'd become accustomed to ZIRP.
               | Personally I hope rates stay above several percent for
               | the foreseeable future, for climate/resource reasons.
        
               | dantheman wrote:
               | Not spending takes it out of the system.
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I don't really know what you're try to say with this
               | short blurb. Yes, money has to be taken out of the system
               | via taxes and then not re-spent in order to successfully
               | shrink the money supply. But compared with the current
               | approach of creating new money and spending it, raising
               | money through taxes for that spending will be an
               | improvement.
               | 
               | Also focusing on executive spending is a bit of a red
               | herring given how much outflow has occurred from the Fed
               | itself over the past few decades via low interest rate
               | loans. Basically rather than letting the gains from
               | technology and offshoring accrue throughout society (via
               | price deflation), or be spent purposefully (executive
               | spending), the Fed has been squandering these gains to
               | create an asset bubble.
        
             | chimeracoder wrote:
             | > It sure is, and I hope congress and the Fed learns their
             | lesson this time, seeing as some of the same people who
             | worked in previous economic failures are still around, I
             | doubt it.
             | 
             | Don't bet on it. One of the big changes after the 2008
             | crisis was the passage of Dodd-Frank, which was then
             | repealed in large part in 2018.
             | 
             | Some of the repealed provisions in Dodd-Frank would likely
             | have mitigated or even prevented this bank run, due to the
             | capital and liquidity testing requirements.
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | I'm still not clear on if it's even the same.
         | 
         | My very weak understanding is that in 2008 a ton of assets
         | turned out to be valueless junk mortgages that were all going
         | to default. Is that true for SVB or are their assets just too
         | locked in for now?
         | 
         | What that graph doesn't show is the percentage of the blue bars
         | that are recoverable assets.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | I'm not sure if we know how much of the blue bar is
           | recoverable. SVB is holding a lot of fixed-income vehicles
           | that currently yield less than:
           | 
           | * Depositing money in a fed account (available to banks)
           | 
           | * Depositing money in a money market savings account
           | 
           | * Every treasury instrument you can buy today
           | 
           | When they go to sell those assets, they may take a much
           | bigger haircut than the pricing models suggest given the
           | supply and demand. The assets definitely won't be worthless,
           | but they may not be worth very much.
        
           | pgwhalen wrote:
           | It turns out that there was very little defaulting in 2008,
           | the problem was the _fear_ of default which resulted in
           | changing valuations that were not broadly expected.
           | 
           | In this case, there is no doubt about the value of SVB's
           | assets: they're lower than they were a year ago simply
           | because they were heavily long duration and rates went up a
           | lot. That's bond pricing 101.
           | 
           | That, in combination with a low diversity of depositors that
           | starting withdrawing at once, set up the bank run that VCs
           | created by emailing all their portfolio companies to run.
        
           | bink wrote:
           | Not valueless, exactly. The mortgage backed securities were
           | rated more highly than they should have been as the default
           | rate was assumed to be much lower. When that became obvious
           | the securities lost a lot of value and the banks found out
           | they were over-leveraged.
           | 
           | I'm not in finance (clearly), but it seems to me there are a
           | lot of similarities with interest rates rising and forcing
           | banks to re-value their investments in bonds and mortgage
           | backed securities. The clear difference this time IMHO is
           | that valuing bonds based on interest rate movements is much
           | less opaque (even fully transparent) compared to valuing
           | mortgage backed securities based on default rate predictions
           | that are outright lies.
           | 
           | We know, or should know, how many of these investments are
           | held by large banks and what the rates and maturation dates
           | are. The big question I have is the more traditional
           | financial contagion. If companies that had millions in SVB
           | lose that money there will be impacts for other banks as the
           | companies and bank investors become more conservative or
           | paranoid. If many of those companies go out of business that
           | means fewer deposits and fewer investment opportunities.
        
         | arcticbull wrote:
         | That chart would probably be more useful if expressed as the
         | shortfall between assets and deposits. It's not really a huge
         | issue if a bank with $1T in assets has a $1M shortfall but the
         | regulators will sure a shit still close it down.
        
           | lazide wrote:
           | No bank with $1T in assets will ever have a shortfall of only
           | $1m - it's too easy to shuffle things around to move the
           | problem forward another day or whatever.
           | 
           | A bank the size of SVB has a whole team that does that - it's
           | just a necessary part of operating at that scale.
           | 
           | Blowups like SVB happen when an entire team of financial
           | experts have tried everything - and have nothing left they
           | can do.
           | 
           | Then it blows up big, because all their other moves 'come
           | due' at once.
        
           | mike_d wrote:
           | Almost all failed banks (including SVB) in recent history
           | held more assets than deposits. Liquidity is the issue.
           | 
           | Imagine you take your $10 million fortune and convert it all
           | into gold bars and hide it under you bed. Then you order a
           | pizza. When the pizza guy shows up, even though you are
           | "rich," you are also in that moment broke and can't pay for
           | the pizza. Not only will the pizza guy not take gold, you
           | can't find someone to convert your gold into cash before the
           | pizza guy gives up and leaves.
        
             | swatcoder wrote:
             | That analogy only works when your gold is _obviously_ worth
             | a lot more than your pizza bill.
             | 
             | For SVB, the knock on the door is more like a loan shark
             | coming by to call in for their return. You have gold under
             | the mattress that is sometimes worth plenty, but it's value
             | isn't determined until it sells and it isn't looking to
             | square up with what's due.
        
               | rtkwe wrote:
               | Isn't the thing they got caught out on mainly TBills
               | though? So the metaphor falls apart again because they
               | have a practically guaranteed value just with a long time
               | horizon.
        
               | swatcoder wrote:
               | The value at maturity doesn't matter. It's not like they
               | were going to sit on them for the whole term anyway.
               | They're just an asset that's _usually_ fairly stable and
               | that _usually_ stays that way over a certain window, and
               | so they're actively traded and have a market value based
               | on those characteristics.
               | 
               | In their case, the market value of the TBills that they
               | purchased slipped too much. Because that's just paper
               | value and could have recovered or been been balanced for
               | eventually, it might not have been an issue without a run
               | of withdrawls. But buzz hit that they were in an
               | unexpectedly and unisually fragile position, and that
               | made people start the run that broke them.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | There's still a big difference between being 10 cents short
             | on your pizza bill and being $10 short.
        
             | beebmam wrote:
             | Except instead of just leaving, the pizza guy sues you and
             | the state takes your gold bars under your bed and sells it
             | to pay the pizza guy. Not saying this is a bad or good
             | thing.
        
             | greenthrow wrote:
             | Your assertion about SVB does not match up with all the
             | information out there, which indicates they do have a
             | shortfall of at least $1.5B.
             | 
             | I don't know why HN seems to have locked into this meme
             | that SVB does not have a shortfall. It does not reflect
             | reality.
        
               | peter422 wrote:
               | Yes they don't have a shortfall as long as there wasn't a
               | bank run and they'd have time to unwind their long term
               | bonds.
               | 
               | But they don't have time and did have a bank run, and
               | therefore they do have a shortfall.
               | 
               | I think you might be able to argue that the bank itself
               | had enough intrinsic value beyond it's ledger which could
               | make up the shortfall, but that's all in the eye of the
               | beholder who might want to buy them. We'll really see
               | whether this is the case or not based on whether they
               | have a new owner on Monday or they don't.
        
               | vikramkr wrote:
               | The shortfall only occurred because they had to sell
               | their assets before maturity, and the value of those
               | assets have decreased. If they were able to hold them to
               | maturity there wouldn't have been a problem - they still
               | pay out the same amount of money at the end - but right
               | now people are willing to pay less for future money than
               | they used to. So if they spend 90 bucks on a bond that
               | matures in 5 years and pays 100 bucks, if they were able
               | to hold for 5 years, they'd still have gotten their
               | hundred. But, both the accidental run (no new vc money
               | while companies keep spending their deposits) and the
               | actual run on thursday meant they had to get that cash
               | back now, and today people might only be willing to pay
               | 80 bucks for that bond that still pays 100 bucks 4 years
               | from now, so they lose 10 bucks. This is why if there was
               | no run, there was no shortfall, but because there was a
               | run, there was shortfall.
        
             | dylan604 wrote:
             | um, i'm sorry, but if i'm the pizza dude and i show up at
             | your house where you offer to pay for the pizza in 1 bar of
             | gold (sorry, we don't make change), then i'll gladly take
             | that deal and pay for the damn pizza myself.
             | 
             | of course, we've already done all of the tests to prove it
             | is gold and not lead dressed up in sheep's clothing
        
           | paulddraper wrote:
           | I agree.
           | 
           | Also, the shortfall is never tiny (else there wouldn't be a
           | failure) not is ever large (else there would have been a
           | failure sooner).
           | 
           | So there is some standardized range.
        
           | igonvalue wrote:
           | The article has an entire infographic titled "Most banks held
           | more assets than deposits at the time they failed".
        
         | gnfargbl wrote:
         | I'll ask the obvious question, because I have no clue about
         | this stuff. The early failures in 2008 seem to have been
         | followed by a cascade of smaller failures. Is that going to
         | happen again?
        
           | eqmvii wrote:
           | It might. Have to see what else breaks and/or gets bailed out
           | on Monday.
        
             | resource0x wrote:
             | I'm very curious about the bailout criterion. They can't
             | set the rules individually for each "problematic" bank.
             | Whatever formulation they come up with, will be immediately
             | abused by creative financial engineering, so the problem
             | will soon re-emerge in a different, totally unexpected
             | shape.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > They can't set the rules individually for each
               | "problematic" bank.
               | 
               | Most past bailouts have been _sui generis_ actions with
               | rules adopted for individual or small numbers of
               | institutions currently in trouble, not forward-reaching
               | "rights" that future actors could exploit. So I don't see
               | why you characterize this as impossible here; if there is
               | any bailout _beyond_ regular FDIC process, the most
               | likely case would be a unique specific plan for this
               | institution that creates no general rule that anyone else
               | could force the government to use in the future.
        
               | resource0x wrote:
               | This "future" will arrive the very next day wrt another
               | bank under the same type of stress, and then the next...
               | Ad-hoc action for SVB might aggravate the situation.
        
               | humanizersequel wrote:
               | >They can't set the rules individually for each
               | "problematic" bank.
               | 
               | Can't they?
        
               | resource0x wrote:
               | In principle, they can do whatever they want, but they
               | already know SVB is not the only problematic bank -
               | there's a whole pipeline of them; inventing individual
               | bailout protocol for each would look ridiculous. My bet
               | is that Fed's PhDs are desperately looking for a formula
               | as we speak. That won't be easy. :-)
        
           | raziel2701 wrote:
           | We don't know yet, we're slowly finding out who had exposure
           | to what and how things are interconnected. It's a complicated
           | machine and we'll probably know only after the fact. There's
           | a lot of damage control messaging going on right now, and
           | that actually makes me feel more bearish: All rumors are
           | false until officially denied.
           | 
           | Right now we're dealing with the psychology of markets, if a
           | large enough group of people get scared and want their money
           | out, there's no amount of assurance that can stop that. They
           | will only be appeased once they know their money is safe with
           | them.
        
           | tekla wrote:
           | There doesn't really seem to be any evidence of greater
           | contagion, SVB is already gone.
        
             | ezekg wrote:
             | It's been a day. We don't know anything. The day before SVB
             | fell, everybody said everything was fine. There could very
             | well be contagion come Monday.
        
               | tekla wrote:
               | SVB was gone Friday morning. There was a entire half day
               | of churn that should have been much more evident if there
               | was systemic risk.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > The day before SVB fell, everybody said everything was
               | fine.
               | 
               | Well, no, people were saying "Get your money out of SVB
               | if its above the insurance limit", because the run was
               | already happening and that SVB couldn't handle the run
               | was a pretty widespread opinion.
               | 
               | But, while there are systemic/institutional/regulatory
               | reasons why SVB's conduct which created the vulnerability
               | was possible, it doesn't seem that the vulnerability
               | _itself_ is systemic in a way which makes other similar
               | failures likely to be imminent.
        
           | rufus_foreman wrote:
           | I have no clue about this stuff either, but in my mind, every
           | competent CEO has already asked their staff what uninsured
           | deposits they have, what the financial condition of the
           | institutions they have those uninsured deposits in is,
           | they've asked their staff what they can do to mitigate risk
           | from those uninsured deposits, and they want that answered
           | over the weekend so they can go over it in an 8AM meeting on
           | Monday and decide on what actions to take.
        
       | chitowneats wrote:
       | LMAO
        
       | radicaldreamer wrote:
       | Seems like we have a systemic crisis every 5-7 years
        
         | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
         | Between covid, an attempted insurrection, proxy war with Russia
         | and now this potential financial crisis, there's a new black
         | swan event happening every ~12 months.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | How many black swans make a flock? At this rate the
           | unpredictable and rare events are becoming frequent enough to
           | lose that status.
        
             | MonkeyMalarky wrote:
             | The analogy kind of breaks down because black swans all
             | look the same so I'll propose switching to snowflake
             | events. Each one is beautiful and unique and we're starting
             | to head into a flurry of them.
        
           | ad404b8a372f2b9 wrote:
           | The H5N1 scare was around 2006, Russo-Georgian war in 2008,
           | and the financial crisis in 2008.
           | 
           | SARS 2002, Afghanistan 2001, Dot-com crash 2000.
           | 
           | AIDS becomes the leading cause of death for men 1991, Gulf
           | War 1990, Collapse of USSR 1991, early 1990s recession.
           | 
           | AIDS 1981, Soviet Afghan war 1979, early 1980s recession
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | My mom was a contracts law/construction loan specialist at
       | several diff banks (key bank, wells fargo, Wachovia, etc)
       | 
       | The horror stories from her experiences were nuts.
       | 
       | They are all bad.
       | 
       | I met a Giannini in San Mateo (I went to school with his (great?)
       | grandkids in Tahoe (they use to be dropped off in a bently each
       | morning to north lake tahoe HS...
       | 
       | The bank consolidation has been bad.
       | 
       | I met Giannini in San Mateo, and he was telling me how "important
       | family is"....
       | 
       | It was tough to hear how the most important thing is "family"
       | from a billionaire who has never struggled with money and owns
       | Bank of America.
       | 
       | Fuck banks.
        
       | jcpsimmons wrote:
       | "This is normal" just like in 2008.
        
       | xeeeeeeeeeeenu wrote:
       | All the numbers in the chart have a decimal point in the wrong
       | place. Washington Mutual had $307bn in assets[1] (not $30.7bn),
       | SVB had $209bn[2] (not $20.9bn), etc.
       | 
       | [1] - https://www.fdic.gov/resources/resolutions/bank-
       | failures/fai...
       | 
       | [2] - https://www.fdic.gov/news/press-releases/2023/pr23016.html
        
         | pranshum wrote:
         | OP here, you're right! Argh, this is embarrassing. Thanks for
         | spotting this, fixed now.
        
       | ajross wrote:
       | "Bank failures" are routine. Most banks are small. Small
       | businesses make mistakes and fail all the time. Banks are just a
       | special kind of business with a federally-mandated insurance
       | regime and so fail in specific and spectacular ways. A smaller
       | company that can't make payroll files chapter 11 and gets
       | acquired piecewise over several years. A bank that fails gets
       | instantly seized by the FDIC.
       | 
       | SVB happens to be notable _here_ because lots of HN posters are
       | customers or employes of customers.
       | 
       | And it's notable elsewhere because this is sort of a capstone on
       | the current era of cheap VC money. The proximate cause may have
       | been some questionable investment decisions, but the root cause
       | of SVB's failure is the fact that startup funding dried up.
       | 
       | And... is that maybe a good thing? Over the last few years, the
       | tech community, and HN in particular, has been been almost
       | entirely fixated on _funding_ and not technology. We talk about
       | "founders" and not products these days. Series B rounds and not
       | launches. Companies get acquired before an MVC is ready. No one
       | even _remembers_ "ramen profitable" any more.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | It's because "ramen profitable" is for losers now: Small
         | bootstrap operations with uninteresting tech trying to not
         | starve.
         | 
         | The days of dorm room wunderkids are over. You don't build a
         | company like Facebook anymore with one guy and a website. Big
         | tech is always watching and anyone that is doing anything of
         | potential will attract money. If they aren't, then it's because
         | the potential isn't there, so we don't care.
        
           | ajross wrote:
           | See, that's _exactly_ the attitude that 's prevailed for the
           | past 6 years or so. And what I'm saying is that to me that's
           | clearly a rationalization. It's something the finance bros
           | tell themselves to explain why the stuff they like
           | (dealmaking) is more important than the stuff they don't
           | (making stuff people want).
           | 
           | Interestingly, we've been here before, in the hangover of the
           | dot com boom. And what lifted us out of that mindset was... Y
           | Combinator. Now? YC is maybe the biggest single part of the
           | problem. Just go look at their funding list for the last 3-4
           | years and genuinely think on how many of those ideas _really_
           | need the kind of funding you 're imagining.
        
             | asimpletune wrote:
             | Yeah, this is ultimately very much needed. A recession is a
             | great time to start a business of you're smart and focused
             | on solving problems.
        
             | xwdv wrote:
             | Not sure what you're proposing. Y Combinator was started
             | for a different era, those days aren't coming back until
             | there's a new greenfield catalyst for some engineers to
             | build on, where simple implementation of some new tech can
             | birth huge businesses quickly, with little existing
             | competition.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | > "Bank failures" are routine
         | 
         | At different points of time, yeah. But not recently. Last "bank
         | failure" in the US before SVB seems to have been October 23,
         | 2020. Not sure you can call something that hasn't happened for
         | the last ~2.5 years is "routine".
        
       | AnimalMuppet wrote:
       | So I looked it up. As of September 30, 2022, there are 4,746
       | commercial banks in the US. That's 11.8% failure in 23 years.
       | That includes 2008.
       | 
       | Those banks total $23.6 trillion in assets. Looking at the tweet
       | cited by ezekg, I'd eyeball that as about $1 trillion in assets
       | in the banks that have failed in the last 23 years. So, 11.8% by
       | number of banks, but only 4.2% by assets.
       | 
       | That's still more than I thought. But the real question is, of
       | those $1 trillion in assets, how much did people actually lose,
       | and how much did either the FDIC or a taking-over bank cover?
       | Anybody have that number?
        
         | dpkirchner wrote:
         | I'm curious how many of these banks were young -- like were
         | they fly-by-nights or were they established players that made
         | bad bets?
        
         | vkou wrote:
         | > But the real question is, of those $1 trillion in assets, how
         | much did people actually lose, and how much did either the FDIC
         | or a taking-over bank cover? Anybody have that number?
         | 
         | Zero.
         | 
         | Since the FDIC was founded, no depositor has lost a dollar of
         | _deposits_ in an FDIC-insured institution.
         | 
         | There are some non-deposit things that, if you squinted, looked
         | a bit like deposits, and people have lost out on those.
        
           | MrFoof wrote:
           | I believe the reason you are being downvoted is over a
           | technicality.
           | 
           | It is correct that no depositor has ever lost a penny of
           | FDIC- _insured_ deposits. This is excellent for the average
           | person, as the average normally-employed person isn't the one
           | worrying about losing large piles of money.
           | 
           | Uninsured deposits is an entirely different ball of wax. In
           | the case of IndyMac for example, of the ~$19B in deposits,
           | roughly ~$1B was uninsured. This was out of ~$32B AUM. I'm
           | not sure what haircut was taken on uninsured deposits, nor
           | other instruments. FDIC's Sheila Behr has spoken about the
           | receivership of IndyMac in the past and has said that the
           | FDIC's reserve took about a $9B hit to deal with IndyMac.
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | What's the distribution by size?
        
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