[HN Gopher] Infra-Red, in Situ (Iris) Inspection of Silicon
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       Infra-Red, in Situ (Iris) Inspection of Silicon
        
       Author : etiam
       Score  : 83 points
       Date   : 2023-03-08 13:17 UTC (9 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bunniestudios.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bunniestudios.com)
        
       | hagmonk wrote:
       | DARPA has been thinking about this:
       | https://www.darpa.mil/attachments/AISS_ProposersDay_LeefSlid...
       | 
       | (aside: fascinating example of a US military slide deck, like a
       | 90s fever dream made in Harvard Graphics)
       | 
       | Here's also a Voices from DARPA episode, which suggests they've
       | been funding research since at least 2012:
       | https://blubrry.com/voices_from_darpa/30975140/episode-17-gu...
       | 
       | In terms of ensuring designs are not tampered with seems like
       | watermarking is the direction they're exploring.
       | 
       | Another fascinating concept was the "silicon odometer" to ensure
       | recycled chips aren't reintroduced into the supply chain.
       | 
       | Asianometry has a fascinating video on that issue:
       | https://youtu.be/7epnv43jGV8
        
       | 1970-01-01 wrote:
       | >How Does It Work? Silicon goes from opaque to transparent in the
       | range of 1000 nm to 1100 nm (shaded band in the illustration
       | below). Above 1100 nm, it's as transparent as a pane of glass;
       | below 1000 nm, it rapidly becomes more opaque than the darkest
       | sunglasses.
       | 
       | So expect to see more epoxy blobs on top of chips.
        
         | shash wrote:
         | There's a reason these chips are left open. Thermal performance
         | for example might tank if they tried to epoxy those.
        
       | josh2600 wrote:
       | Just want to say what a gift Bunnie is to the hardware hacking
       | community. Thank you for all of the work you do helping to push
       | hardware forward in our world!!
        
       | meatmanek wrote:
       | IRIS in the title should be all-caps as it's an acronym;
       | Lowercasing the final letters made me think this was going to use
       | some weird quirk of the human iris.
        
       | buildbot wrote:
       | Really really cool! Will have to give this a try with my
       | monochrome camera.
       | 
       | I wish there was a bit more detail on possible lenses, its hard
       | to find optics that work well past 1000nm.
       | 
       | It's pretty interesting how much the fall off is between 920 to
       | 1070nm - on my camera, 920nm can be exposed perfectly in daylight
       | at around 1/10th of a second, 1070nm needs 4 minutes worth of
       | time to match the same exposure!
        
         | alexbock wrote:
         | I enjoy monochrome infrared photography at wavelengths longer
         | than 1000 nm using a Sigma sd Quattro (no Bayer filter and the
         | sensor IR filter is reversibly user-removable). To reduce
         | exposure times as much as possible, I've been testing an AR-
         | coated near infrared achromatic doublet (AC254-050-B-ML) with a
         | 3D-printed housing to attach it to the camera mount with a
         | manual focusing barrel. The next step is to design a fast
         | double gauss lens that can similarly be assembled from readily
         | available NIR-coated stock lens elements.
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | I've wondered about doing this a lot! How is the image
           | quality with the doublet? I love the Quattro series of
           | cameras but hate the software personally. I may someday pick
           | up a sd Quattro H...
        
         | formerly_proven wrote:
         | Looking around, normal industrial (like Pregius) or CCTV
         | (Starvis) sensors are only optimized up into the ~950nm range
         | and drop to near-zero rapidly. The NIR-optimized Starvis seem
         | to be a lot better than normal general purpose sensors already
         | (not sure if this difference comes mainly from different Bayer
         | arrays, in the QE curves these have a very, very distinct hump
         | in the 850-950nm where R/G/B channels seem to have a bandpass).
         | There are some sCMOS cameras (like PCO's stuff [1]) which would
         | seem to be about an order of magnitude more sensitive at 1050
         | nm than these.
         | 
         | And then there's of course the famed "black silicon". [2]
         | 
         | My money would be on InGaAs sensors [3] being the best in this
         | range. I would also suspect these are subject to funny
         | import/export restrictions, nevermind the price.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.pco.de/scientific-cameras/pcopanda-42-bi/ ~10%
         | QE at 1050 nm [2] https://1.bp.blogspot.com/-wrj9PudX2YM/WkSB-
         | PL-9vI/AAAAAAAAQ... [3]
         | https://www.princetoninstruments.com/wp-content/uploads/2020...
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | I do wonder what silicon difference a NIR optimized starvis
           | would have vs. the consumer IMX211 silicon, smaller
           | monochrome sensors of the same gen seem fine past 1000NM.
           | Bayer filters would make sense as the actual difference.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | bunnie wrote:
         | Hi! thanks, I'm the post's author.
         | 
         | I had the same concern you have about finding "just the right
         | lens", but was pleasantly surprised to find the $180
         | camera/lens combo linked in the post worked just fine. In fact
         | basically every piece of optics I had in my lab could pass
         | light at 1050nm, and I have a bit of everything from cheap
         | stuff bought over the counter in Shenzhen to brand-name
         | microscopes. I tried lenses from 6 different vendors and they
         | all worked about the same in terms of passing light (but of
         | course the fidelity of the image scales with cost, better lens
         | tolerances are just more expensive).
         | 
         | My guess is that uncoated glass should be transparent in the
         | 1050nm band, but some lenses have AR coatings that limit the
         | bandwidth. A lot of my lenses _do_ have AR coating (based on
         | the greenish tint I see in the reflections), but I guess the
         | bandwidth of the coating used on most visible-light lenses is
         | just wide enough for 1050nm to slide through.
        
           | buildbot wrote:
           | That's very good to know, thanks for the response! Love your
           | work :)
        
       | eigenform wrote:
       | I'd love to try this some time. Fritzchens Fritz has some other
       | great examples of IR die shots too!
       | 
       | [^1]: https://www.flickr.com/photos/130561288@N04/52465673068/
       | 
       | edit: Oh, bunnie also mentions this in a previous post! See
       | https://www.bunniestudios.com/blog/?p=6656
        
         | bunnie wrote:
         | His images are great! Discovering his photofeed was one of the
         | puzzle pieces that sent me down this path in the first place. I
         | give him a shout-out in the post :)
        
           | eigenform wrote:
           | I only noticed after actually reading the article :^) Lovely
           | work!
        
       | wcerfgba wrote:
       | This is really cool. What kind of wavelength would be needed to
       | actually 'see' stored data inside silicon and be able to read
       | that out?
        
         | Taniwha wrote:
         | It doesn't really work that way, data in silicon is largely
         | stored with charge - if the photons are fat enough to bounce
         | off that charge they're also likely to erase it
        
           | LoganDark wrote:
           | > if the photons are fat enough to bounce off that charge
           | they're also likely to erase it
           | 
           | Isn't this how EPROMS are erasable by UV light?
        
       | lightedman wrote:
       | I wonder if the technique used for inspecting solar silicon could
       | work here. Just apply power and check its IR emissions.
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-08 23:01 UTC)