[HN Gopher] Charter boat captains don't have to share location w...
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       Charter boat captains don't have to share location with government,
       court rules
        
       Author : mhb
       Score  : 51 points
       Date   : 2023-03-06 19:31 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (reason.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (reason.com)
        
       | lokar wrote:
       | Amateur hour. Simply say you will restrict coastguard emergency
       | services if you voluntarily comply. They won't be able to get
       | insurance. The market at work.
        
         | mansion7 wrote:
         | Much like politicians openly threatening internet sites to
         | censor their own users, or the government will do it for them.
         | 
         | Wonder what such a tactic should be called; perhaps
         | "constitutional rights laundering".
        
       | nashashmi wrote:
       | I saw a documentary on YouTube about boats leaking into
       | industrial oil into oceans far from land instead of disposing
       | them properly via hazmat. And this was done in bulk intentionally
       | to avoid the cost of disposal. For the longest time a non profit
       | was finding this on satellite images. But could not trace it
       | until transponder data started appearing publicly.
       | 
       | Came across the video through some random recommendation engine
       | when I was not logged in. wont find it now.
        
       | gumby wrote:
       | > Boat-tracking regulation is a warrantless search, court says.
       | 
       | Ah, but ubiquitous ALPR is OK. Got it!
        
       | lucb1e wrote:
       | The first thing that pops into your head when reading "private
       | vehicle's location need not be streamed to government" is: why
       | would it? What did I miss? These are the relevant sentences from
       | the article:
       | 
       | > It seems preposterous, but the Department of Commerce and the
       | National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) this
       | privacy-infringing protocol in 2020. [Yes, the verb is missing
       | here, but okay it's some law.... but why?]
       | 
       | > What benefits does the Government point to in response? Next to
       | nothing. [great, lots of detail there]
       | 
       | > The regulation--issued pursuant to the Magnuson-Stevens Fishery
       | Conservation and Management Act of 1976--was proposed by NOAA.
       | [okay we got a headline of a potential reason behind it now, but
       | are rental boats really the culprit in overfishing? Wouldn't it
       | be fishing companies? Why only in 2023? Sounds fishy]
       | 
       | And that's all we get. After 518 words on the topic, the page
       | "goes on" to report on decriminalizing pscyhedelic [sic] plants
       | in some cities.
       | 
       | So.... asking as someone out of the loop... what's this all about
       | in the first place?
        
         | solarpunk wrote:
         | Here's what NOAA has to say about things:
         | https://www.fisheries.noaa.gov/feature-story/noaas-office-la...
        
         | melony wrote:
         | > _The first thing that pops into your head when reading
         | "private vehicle's location need not be streamed to government"
         | is: why would it?_
         | 
         | Wait till you hear about "airplanes".
        
           | cjensen wrote:
           | AIS[1] is basically an airplane transponder, but for vessels
           | and I think it broadcasts position along with identification.
           | For safety alone, seems to me that any commercial vessel
           | carrying paid passengers should have one.
           | 
           | But the Reason article is so vague I literally can't tell if
           | they are talking about AIS, or some other bespoke system.
           | 
           | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automatic_identification_sy
           | ste...
        
           | jaywalk wrote:
           | Well with airplanes, there is a real justification for it:
           | safety. They're moving fast and have to make sure they don't
           | collide.
        
             | Johnny555 wrote:
             | But you don't _have_ to broadcast your tail number to
             | prevent a collision. It makes tracking by ATC easier since
             | the tail number can be traced back to a flight plan, but if
             | the sole reason is to prevent in-air collision, a radio
             | beacon without tail number could achieve that.
        
               | mitthrowaway2 wrote:
               | A tail number also makes it easier for ATC to know who to
               | give runway landing clearance to, doesn't it? They can't
               | just say "you airplane over there, yes you, you're clear
               | to land".
        
               | Johnny555 wrote:
               | "Randomized identifier XYZZY, you are cleared to land"
        
             | AdrianB1 wrote:
             | Not when it is mandatory for small and slow planes where
             | the system cost is a big problem.
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | At least for airplanes you don't have to transmit the
           | position when the plane does not fly. The article says the
           | boats must do it 24x7.
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | Since this involves agencies regulating fisheries I suspect
         | that they are trying to get accurate data about aquatic life
         | taken during fishing activities so that they can make accurate
         | estimates of a species ability to thrive in an area and perhaps
         | to drive legislation that would protect areas from over-
         | fishing.
         | 
         | I don't think they give a shit about knowing which boat was
         | where unless that boat is engaged in illegal activities.
         | Smuggling in the states that are mentioned is still a thing
         | since that is on a direct path from the Caribbean and northern
         | parts of South America where illegal drugs originate.
         | 
         | Knowing which boat was where allows them to determine who might
         | be meeting the smugglers. Once you shut down the airspace to
         | traffickers it is a natural extension to try to limit their
         | ability to shift to maritime assets to ship their products into
         | the country through small ports or marinas in backwater
         | locations.
         | 
         | I don't see this monitoring as an invasion of anyone's privacy.
         | I see it more as an extension of border enforcement mechanisms
         | to domains which have historically been difficult to control.
        
           | catiopatio wrote:
           | > I don't see this monitoring as an invasion of anyone's
           | privacy.
           | 
           |  _Why_ is persistent mandatory reporting of your location not
           | something you view as an invasion of privacy?
        
           | F00Fbug wrote:
           | Your first point is really the issue. NOAA extrapolates catch
           | information into overall health of the species and uses that
           | to issue permits, set quotas, and adjust fishing seasons. Not
           | only did I help build some of the ship-board systems, I built
           | a ton of data analysis tools on the back-end for NOAA.
           | 
           | Red Snapper in the Gulf of Mexico is a good example. NOAA
           | will tell you we're devastating the species (boat captains
           | would not agree!) and they adjust quotas and season
           | start/stop dates based on catch info to help balance the
           | business of fishing and the health of the species. It's a
           | tough job because the captains are often at odds with the
           | scientists.
           | 
           | It could be possible to sanitize the data and remove the
           | position information, but they kind of need some general
           | location to do some of the science.
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | Thanks for your work on this.
             | 
             | This is important as fisheries globally are over-fished.
             | The scale of the problem is not even known right now.
             | Chinese fishing boats roam the globe taking fish for
             | consumption in China and depleting stocks everywhere they
             | sail including by fishing in marine sanctuaries.
             | 
             | Fish as healthy food has become a big deal in the last few
             | decades and demand grows so the fish have to come from
             | somewhere. If you don't protect your fisheries then
             | collapse of global fish stocks will only be one more domino
             | in the collapse of entire ecosystems.
        
           | MikeKusold wrote:
           | This potentially opens up boat location tracking to FOIA
           | requests, which would betray what boat captains believe are
           | trade secrets (where they fish).
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | Control access to the information so that it is less likely
             | to escape to their competitors. They are in competition
             | with each other and no one wants the other to know where
             | they are making their best money.
             | 
             | The real problem is that when a fishery is in decline due
             | to over-fishing, we have no effective way of detecting that
             | condition until there is a serious problem and local
             | stocks, which may be migratory species anyway that are only
             | available seasonally, are near the point where they can't
             | recover.
             | 
             | Each captain sees a small part of the elephant and to him,
             | that elephant is there, it is healthy, and it is available
             | for exploitation. When they go back to harbor they compare
             | notes and it could take a lot of time for any of them to
             | acknowledge that catch levels of some species are down and
             | that they are having to go farther out or to locate new
             | areas that have not been hit as hard.
             | 
             | I don't see a problem with a government agency with the
             | responsibility of safeguarding the health of offshore
             | assets like fish stocks and habitat having precise tools to
             | allow them to determine where the fish are being taken. If
             | this agency did not exist then over-fishing would be the
             | norm as each charter boat did the best to maximize the fun
             | for the clients until they had fished themselves out of a
             | job as the fisheries collapse. In the absence of effective
             | regulation, everyone does their own thing with no regard
             | for anything except maximizing their own profitability.
             | This is the way (of the world).
        
       | patja wrote:
       | The costs seem inflated. There are no monthly charges for
       | operating an AIS transponder, which costs about $1000 and is
       | simple to install.
       | 
       | The Coast Guard collects all AIS track data, and publishes it on
       | a 6 month delay via the NOAA Marine Cadastre program.
       | 
       | Maybe the requirement was for some other technology rather than
       | AIS.
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | I'm not sure what the requirements were but the article claimed
         | in an attempt to bolster the argument that the government was
         | imposing unreasonable costs on charter boat operators that
         | charter boat income was only $26000/year and that seems
         | suspect. Sounds like a lot of unreported income for those
         | charter boats.
         | 
         | If I were an auditor I would definitely be booking random
         | fishing trips with the busiest charter boats in these states
         | and double-checking the package cost. Fuel, food, and other
         | things provided on the trip should be easy to cost out so one
         | could determine just how badly these guys are screwing Uncle
         | Sam.
        
           | jcampbell1 wrote:
           | It is a seasonal thing to take vacationers fishing. Charge
           | $1000 a trip, maybe fish 80 days a year accounting for
           | weather. After expenses there isn't much left over. It is a
           | labor of love. How much do you think people who guide people
           | on backpacking camping trips earn?
           | 
           | I have been a mate on charter boats. My pay was $100 plus
           | $100 expected tip. The workday was 14 hours long. Any fish
           | caught couldn't be sold commercially.
           | 
           | Taking people out fishing is not a lucrative career but it
           | does provide work for people who lost their jobs commercial
           | fishing.
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | Using a website where ordinary Joes like myself can book
             | charter boats [0] at various ports from Texas around The
             | GoM to the Atlantic seashore, where the article was
             | focused, doesn't support the article's contention that they
             | do all this work and only make $26000/year. In fact it is a
             | bit preposterous.
             | 
             | As a mate onboard you may not get the big bucks but someone
             | is making bank here.
             | 
             | As far as backpacking camping trips go if you book through
             | a normal site like through REI [1] they can be pretty
             | expensive depending on duration, destination, etc since
             | there is a lot of logistical stuff that has to be handled.
             | It is not cheap, in the thousands per person for multi-day
             | operations. I have not personally booked a trip like that
             | since I lived in a tent in Nat'l Parks, motel parking lots,
             | KOA or similar campgrounds off and on for several years. I
             | can do my own thing and don't need assistance.
             | 
             | Same thing goes for whitewater rafting trips. The costs
             | range from really low for half-day trips to thousands for
             | multi-day trips. A good friend of mine has been river
             | guiding in Idaho since the late 1970's. I would think that
             | if he had been in danger of failing in that business that
             | he would have fallen back on his college degree in the
             | sciences years ago. I have rafted several of the great
             | rivers in the western US and it is fantastic fun. [2]
             | 
             | [0] https://fishingbooker.com/
             | 
             | [1] https://www.rei.com/adventures/a/backpacking
             | 
             | [2] https://www.iwuraft.com/
             | 
             | I don't see that $26000 annual income is relevant for
             | anyone except the lowest paid seasonal guide. That has to
             | be a low number.
        
               | mistrial9 wrote:
               | you would be surprised how cheap some employers get to be
               | .. when you get into other international jurisdictions..
               | well it appears here regularly that on-board fishing and
               | some cargo ship practices are a modern holdout for actual
               | slavery.
               | 
               | Indentured or forced labor has been the norm not the
               | exception, for a very long time in many parts of the
               | world.
        
               | jcampbell1 wrote:
               | It doesn't say "annual income", or "annual revenue". It
               | is "net income" which is not always well defined for
               | small businesses. It is roughly defined as the amount of
               | money you would expect to make running this operation
               | after paying employees. What is the "net income" of
               | owning a subway sandwich franchise? It is not the same
               | concept as employee pay or revenue.
        
         | dieselgate wrote:
         | The article specifically mentions GPS and not AIS.
         | 
         | But yeah my questions are around AIS - it's such an important
         | safety technology (to at least have a receiver) I'd assume the
         | boats would already be equipped with AIS. And if the boats had
         | a transmitter it would all be seemingly public information
         | anyway (which is the whole point of AIS if I'm not mistaken).
         | 
         | But I am glad the charters are not Required to maintain GPS
         | tracking specifically for government monitoring - but in
         | practicality it seems to me it wouldn't make that big of a
         | difference due to overlapping positional monitoring technology.
        
         | F00Fbug wrote:
         | Yeah... not AIS, but NOAA defined VMS (Vessel Monitoring
         | Systems). Not only does it report position, but allows captains
         | to send in their reporting data while at sea, in an electronic
         | format that they could ingest directly into their systems. They
         | also allow "email" and some weather reporting.
         | 
         | I led the development of one of these systems from a software
         | standpoint: https://thoriumvms.com/
         | 
         | They're not cheap -- $2K or $3K depending on options and
         | $40ish/month for service. We were reselling Iridium service as
         | the underlying transport.
         | 
         | Looks like the bottom just fell out of this business -- glad
         | I'm not relying that for my paycheck anymore!
        
       | getcrunk wrote:
       | in our coming future of things like star shield the government
       | won't need gps or phones to track us. Enough satellites in space
       | to have high res images of all high population areas and real
       | time ai tracking of all objects. Lol crying emoji
        
         | F00Fbug wrote:
         | It's not necessarily about tracking the boats - that's just a
         | byproduct of collecting all this data. NOAA is mainly
         | interested in near-realtime fish harvest stats so they can
         | regulate fishing permits and quotas. You can't see that with a
         | camera!
        
         | doodlebugging wrote:
         | If you don't build the technology then it can't be used against
         | you. If you do build it then you need to build in effective
         | controls so that you can limit or minimize these types of
         | undesirable impacts.
         | 
         | None of these things - AI, software to remotely track users,
         | etc needs to exist. We were doing fine without it and the
         | potential for abuse is so high that there should be a pause on
         | adoption until stakeholders, including ordinary citizens, have
         | an opportunity to legislate concrete protections for privacy.
        
           | vkou wrote:
           | > None of these things - AI, software to remotely track
           | users, etc needs to exist.
           | 
           | Overfishing doesn't need to exist either, but unfortunately
           | we live in a world where it does.
        
             | doodlebugging wrote:
             | This is true and we have to have processes in place to
             | understand who is responsible for the fishery destruction
             | and to prohibit their activities, levying penalties and
             | jail time for the most egregious violators.
        
           | dzhiurgis wrote:
           | Amazing. Private businesses have been tracking everyone for
           | decades, but when it's gov trying to solve life-threatening
           | problems - it suddenly becomes privacy issue.
        
         | dzhiurgis wrote:
         | First synthetic aperture satellite was launched in 1978 and was
         | able to image things day and night. Sentinel-1's data isn't
         | real time but it is publicly accessible and has been up for
         | nearly a decade.
        
         | kevin_thibedeau wrote:
         | Satellite imagery can't achieve resolutions needed to identify
         | people. It is physically impossible. Especially so when slewed
         | at an angle necessary to see faces.
        
           | getcrunk wrote:
           | Sure, but it's still enough to uniquely track them. You can
           | math identities separately.
        
       | walterbell wrote:
       | _> The court concluded that the GPS requirement  "violates the
       | Administrative Procedure Act because it is arbitrary and
       | capricious, in turn because the Government failed to address
       | Fourth Amendment issues when considering it and failed to
       | rationally consider the associated costs and benefits."_
       | 
       | Would similar reasoning apply to cars?
        
         | kube-system wrote:
         | The government does need a warrant to put a GPS tracker on a
         | car.
         | 
         | Although, these days, your car already has one or more GPS
         | devices in it sending that data to third parties. And there are
         | many organizations that run plate readers on public streets.
        
           | mhb wrote:
           | > And there are many organizations that run plate readers on
           | public streets.
           | 
           | Yes. Like Flock Safety (YC S17)
        
             | dzhiurgis wrote:
             | Listen to a podcast about them, it's quite amazing what
             | they able to achieve:
             | https://podcasts.apple.com/lt/podcast/garrett-langley-
             | standi...
             | 
             | TLDL: licence plates can be stolen, but they still can
             | identify cars by unique features like scratches, dents,
             | mods, tyres, etc.
        
         | gabereiser wrote:
         | IANAL but I believe it would set a precedent so that one could
         | argue the legality of gps tracking on cars. Especially without
         | your consent.
        
           | vuln wrote:
           | It would set a precedent that the government could not force
           | you to install a gps tracker on your car at your own expense.
        
         | aidenn0 wrote:
         | It does according to _US v Katzin_...
        
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