[HN Gopher] The Tunguska Mystery-100 Years Later (2008)
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       The Tunguska Mystery-100 Years Later (2008)
        
       Author : olivermarks
       Score  : 62 points
       Date   : 2023-03-03 06:03 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.scientificamerican.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.scientificamerican.com)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | bastawhiz wrote:
       | Was there a follow-up? This was written fifteen years ago.
        
         | loloquwowndueo wrote:
         | "115 years later" doesn't have as nice a ring to it :)
        
       | mikequinlan wrote:
       | June 30, 2008
        
       | _qua wrote:
       | Seems that there were follow up studies after this one in 2008
       | which raise doubts about the conclusion that the lake was formed
       | by an impactor. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tunguska_event
        
       | JoeAltmaier wrote:
       | Have to mention the Tesla/Robert Peary conspiracy theory. The
       | date Tunguska happened Tesla had asked Robert Peary to observe
       | any unusual weather phenomena. None were reported.
       | 
       | Tesla had reputedly activated his energy transmitter at
       | Wardencliff, focused on Peary's location. If you draw that line
       | (Wardencliff to Peary's expedition location) and double it, you
       | have the Tunguska forest.
        
         | Izkata wrote:
         | Hm..
         | 
         | > In 1946, for instance, science-fiction writer Alexander
         | Kazantsev explained the puzzling scene by positing a scenario
         | in which an alien spacecraft had exploded in the atmosphere.
         | 
         | Maybe Tesla shot down a UFO, and it self-destructed to prevent
         | their technology from falling into our hands.
        
           | JKCalhoun wrote:
           | Known to the Beta-Centaurians as The Earth Event. It
           | essentially scuttled all further exploration of our solar
           | system.
        
           | thriftwy wrote:
           | Or, as in Strugatsky brothers plot, the aliens were moving
           | back in time so they continued living on in the age XIX, and
           | perhaps left after repairs.
        
         | hummus_bae wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | joshuahedlund wrote:
         | Why would you double the line?
        
           | shellac wrote:
           | Because you get right answer that way. Why would you want the
           | wrong answer?
        
         | bdhcuidbebe wrote:
         | since its now written down, its basically established facts. /s
        
           | dopidopHN wrote:
           | Tomorrow in your friendly neiboorhoud LLM outputs !
        
         | thaumaturgy wrote:
         | The energy of the Tunguska event is estimated at around
         | 60,000,000,000 megajoules. Assuming no transmission losses
         | whatsoever, this can only mean that Tesla built the world's
         | first nuclear power plant _and_ that it still dwarfs the output
         | of all modern nuclear power plants today -- combined! He was
         | truly a remarkable inventor.
        
           | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
           | Actually you can reconcile this. Maybe Tesla's transmitter
           | acted like one of the laser targeting pods the military uses.
           | The laser itself is minuscule energy, but it serves as
           | guidance to a bomb or missile that is a lot more energetic.
           | Maybe Tesla was in league with the aliens who wanted to test
           | one of their missiles. Not wanting to cause a lot of
           | casualties, they talked with Tesla about where they could
           | target. Tesla used his device to help them target a very
           | remote area of Siberia.
        
             | ivalm wrote:
             | Why would these super advanced aliens need Tesla? They can
             | just target whatever themselves.
        
               | RcouF1uZ4gsC wrote:
               | Tesla was actually the equivalent of an alien spy/special
               | forces. Just like In Afghanistan, the US used embedded
               | special ops forces on the ground to do targeting for
               | missiles launched from fighters at high altitude.
        
             | robertlagrant wrote:
             | How about we compromise and say that Tesla made a Magnabeam
             | from Forts[0], and that guided an iron-rich meteorite to
             | Tesla's target?
             | 
             | [0] https://forts.fandom.com/wiki/Magna_Beam
        
           | miles wrote:
           | From "Tesla Wireless and the Tunguska Explosion"[0]:
           | 
           | "Tesla said his transmitter could produce 100 million volts
           | of pressure and currents up to 1000 amperes, with
           | experimental power levels of billion or tens of billions of
           | watts.(18) If that amount of power were released in 'an
           | incomparably small interval of time,'(19) the energy would be
           | equal to the explosion of millions of tons of TNT, that is, a
           | multi-megaton explosion. Such a transmitter would be capable
           | of projecting the force of a nuclear warhead by radio."
           | 
           | "18. Tesla, Nikola, _New York Times_ , 'How to Signal Mars,'
           | May 23, 1909, pg. 10. He claims to have sent 'a current
           | around the globe' on the order of '15,000,000' horsepower or
           | 11 billion watts."
           | 
           | "19. Secor, H. Winfield, 'The Tesla High Frequency
           | Oscillator,' _The Electrical Experimenter_ , March 1916, pg.
           | 615."
           | 
           | [0] https://web.archive.org/web/20040203060110/http://www.fra
           | nk....
        
             | Oxidation wrote:
             | Good to know the venerable "credulously repeat what the
             | charismatic technology man said" school of journalism is
             | now well into its second century of utility.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Tesla said a lot of shit, some of it was even true.
        
           | JoeAltmaier wrote:
           | Or it somehow 'grounded' the entire ionosphere, producing the
           | mother of all lightning discharges.
        
         | wheelerof4te wrote:
         | There's no doubt that Nikola Tesla possesed some, let's not say
         | a weapon, but knowledge about a very advanced way to cause mass
         | destruction for it's time.
         | 
         | In a way, his mind _was_ that weapon. And it 's a good thing,
         | too. Imagine someone else with that kind of knowledge.
        
           | bastawhiz wrote:
           | I think there's a lot of doubt, actually. He was very smart
           | but he was not a magician.
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | Have you not seen the documentary "Prestige"?!
             | 
             | /s
        
               | somat wrote:
               | Which makes me want to share my new favorite conspiracy
               | theory about the movie(you know a story is good when
               | there are wild theories about an event that was entirely
               | imaginary in the first place, that is a sign of first
               | class world building). anyway,
               | 
               | The entire tesla arc never happened, the whole thing was
               | an elaborate con. "but " you exclaim, "we saw the
               | machine, the hats, the trip to america", to which I reply
               | this is a case of second person narrative the only source
               | for this information is the diary(which the movie
               | dutifully animates) and the diary was planted, the diary
               | was the con.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | I absolutely love this theory. Now I definitely need to
               | re-watch the movie
        
               | Oxidation wrote:
               | In the vein of fan theories about imaginary events, a
               | favourite of mine was that James Bond died in Blofeld's
               | brain drill chair and the second half of Spectre was
               | hallucinations as his brain shut down.
               | 
               | The release of a subsequent film with the same actor
               | sadly disproved it.
        
               | gpderetta wrote:
               | I think that was another movie :)
        
               | krapp wrote:
               | "basically An Occurrence at Owl Creek Bridge" is a
               | perennial category of fan theory, along with "they were
               | dead/in purgatory/hallucinating in an asylum all along"
               | and "$X is a Time Lord." The latter i've also seen about
               | James Bond.
               | 
               | And of course Nikola Tesla. Which probably makes Edison
               | The Master. There's definitely an AU fan fiction in there
               | somewhere, which in its Golden Age (electropunk?)
               | Lovecraft-noir incorporates "Edison's Conquest of
               | Mars[0]," an influential but otherwise garbage sequel to
               | H.G. Wells' War of the Worlds. Sorry, what was I.. oh
               | yeah. Tunguska. Obviously Tesla accidentally reversed the
               | polarity of the neutron flow.
               | 
               | [0]https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edison%27s_Conquest_of_M
               | ars
        
             | wheelerof4te wrote:
             | You don't have to be a magician to make a doomsday weapon.
             | 
             | In fact, he likely did not make it. He just possesed enough
             | knowledge to imagine such a weapon possible in theory.
             | 
             | There's a reason why I said _knowledge about a weapon_.
        
           | Oxidation wrote:
           | He didn't have more knowledge than we do now, 100 years,
           | trillions of research dollars and millions of engineers
           | later. He had a very amazing and intuitive sense of
           | electricity, mechanics and physics in general, as well as an
           | eidetic memory but it's not like he was conjuring mystical
           | secrets out of the aether, any more than, say, OpenAI is
           | today. And that's about how his inventions were received:
           | with surprise that such things were possible, followed by
           | credulity and wild predictions over where it might go, mostly
           | relayed by people who didn't understand the technology.
           | 
           | Electricity simply doesn't provide a practical mass
           | destructive capacity in the way that, say, the strong nuclear
           | force does. However, from the breakneck rate of electrical
           | technology from the 1890s onwards, you could see why an
           | extrapolation of those capabilities could make it plausible
           | that it could eventually get there.
        
       | recuter wrote:
       | I'll just leave this here:
       | 
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonid_Kulik
       | 
       | http://scihi.org/leonid-kulik-tunguska-event/
       | 
       | I_am_not_saying_it_was_aliens.gif
        
       | toss1 wrote:
       | Related: Sandia Labs did some impressive simulations of that
       | event entering the atmosphere. A couple of the resulting videos;
       | well worth a minute to watch.
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0yY34uWty_0
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Gr7i33UhmC8
        
       | andrewl wrote:
       | A similar event in or near a populated area today might be
       | interpreted as a nuclear attack.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | remote_phone wrote:
         | The entire world would have detected the meteor that large and
         | been warned
        
           | JoeDaDude wrote:
           | Detecting incoming asteroids, especially small ones, is
           | really hard. The recent 1-meter meteor that exploded over
           | Europe, was only the seventh instance of a successful
           | detection.
           | 
           | https://www.telegraph.co.uk/science/2023/02/13/asteroid-
           | expl...
        
             | kwhitefoot wrote:
             | Tunguska was a lot bigger than a metre across. Even the
             | Chelyabinsk meteorite was a lot bigger, 18 m diameter, 9
             | 000 tonne. So if we cn detect 1 m meteors I think we should
             | be able to detect Tunguska scale objects.
        
               | btilly wrote:
               | We may notice some small things, but that doesn't mean
               | that we've found all large things.
               | 
               | According to https://www.nasa.gov/planetarydefense/faq we
               | only know about 40% of the rocks sized 140 meters+ that
               | cross Earth's orbit. If one of the 60% we don't know
               | about came at us from the direction of the Sun, our odds
               | of seeing it before impact are fairly small.
        
             | hutzlibu wrote:
             | But it is the big ones, we are interested in, because they
             | can do a lot of damage and not only fireworks.
        
           | retrac wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelyabinsk_meteor
           | 
           | > The Chelyabinsk meteor was a superbolide that entered
           | Earth's atmosphere over the southern Ural region in Russia on
           | 15 February 2013 at about 09:20 YEKT (03:20 UTC). It was
           | caused by an approximately 18 m (59 ft) diameter, 9,100-tonne
           | (10,000-short-ton) near-Earth asteroid that entered the
           | atmosphere at a shallow 18.3 +- 0.4 degree angle with a speed
           | relative to Earth of 19.16 +- 0.15 kilometres per second
           | (69,000 km/h; 42,690 mph).
           | 
           | > [...] The asteroid had a total kinetic energy before
           | atmospheric impact equivalent to the blast yield of 400-500
           | kilotons of TNT (about 1.4-1.8 PJ), estimated from infrasound
           | and seismic measurements. This was 26 to 33 times as much
           | energy as that released from the atomic bomb detonated at
           | Hiroshima.
           | 
           | If it had been at a slightly sharper angle, or slightly
           | larger, or moving slightly faster, and if it had hit the
           | right location, it could have destroyed a city. Fortunately
           | it disintegrated in the upper atmosphere, so it only blew out
           | windows across a large area as it burned brighter than the
           | sun across the sky.
           | 
           | There was no warning. The Tunguska rock, if it was a rock,
           | was only a few times wider. I don't think we can reliably
           | detect those, either.
        
             | grogenaut wrote:
             | Do you actually need to have detected it as it was coming
             | in to be able to say 15 minutes later "oh that was a
             | meteor" detection and forensics are different... it's just
             | really if the forensics happen fast enough to avoid a
             | counter strike. Eg if some nuclear capable countries
             | capitol just evaporated with no nuke early warning systems
             | going off and no one could look up and see the massive
             | trail coming in and had not streamed it on the internet
             | first.
        
               | ianburrell wrote:
               | There is space surveillance network tracks things in
               | orbit. I don't think that covers all of the sky and could
               | miss a rock.
               | 
               | There are early warning satellites that look down for
               | ballistic missiles. I don't know if the infrared
               | detectors would see the rock. They are probably best as
               | negative signal with no rocket being detected.
               | 
               | The main signal that wasn't nuclear weapon would be the
               | size and location. Nuclear weapons don't explode as high
               | as Chelyabink meteor. Nuclear weapons aren't as big as
               | Tunguska event. Also, hitting a city is unlikely, hitting
               | one dead on is really unlikely. There would also no
               | nuclear fallout detected.
        
           | andrewl wrote:
           | The Wikipedia page for the Tunguska event says it was "a
           | stony asteroid about 50-60 metres (160-200 feet) in size."
           | How far out would something that size be detected? This is
           | very much out of my area.
        
             | kzrdude wrote:
             | The other mentioned much smaller one has a whole article on
             | it https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_CX1
             | 
             | This one was 1 m wide and it seems like it was detected
             | about 6 hours before coming down.
        
               | ale42 wrote:
               | But, as someone mentioned in another comment, the fact
               | that we can detect a 1 m objects doesn't mean that we can
               | detect all of them, far from that. Same for larger ones,
               | we just have more chances of detecting those than 1
               | m-sized ones.
        
           | adastra22 wrote:
           | No, we routinely get hit by rocks we didn't see coming.
        
       | AlbertCory wrote:
       | > We sought evidence that the little lake existed before the
       | event. Reliable, pre-1908 maps of this uninhabited region of
       | Siberia are not easy to come by, but we found a czarist military
       | map from 1883 that fails to show the lake. Testimony by local
       | Evenk natives also asserts that a lake was produced by the 1908
       | explosion.
       | 
       | this is about as suggestive a set of facts as you're ever likely
       | to get. We don't need any exotic theories about Tesla or aliens.
       | 
       | > The first step in preparing ourselves would be to decide
       | whether the cosmic object that affected Siberia was an asteroid
       | or a comet.
       | 
       | What would we do differently if we determined conclusively which
       | it was? A comet _could_ strike Earth, even if Tunguska was not
       | one. Knowing that it happened doesn 't make it any more likely it
       | could happen again.
        
         | sandworm101 wrote:
         | One is more common that the other. And size matters. The
         | smaller this object was, the more likely it will be to happen
         | again. So it's exact size and composition matters when
         | calculating future likelihoods.
        
           | AlbertCory wrote:
           | well, it caused a city-killing explosion. What would we do
           | differently if the projected size estimates varied by 10x?
           | 
           | It's scientifically interesting. Nothing wrong with that.
        
             | sandworm101 wrote:
             | It might make the difference between ignoring a potential
             | city-killer impact, and an all-or-nothing attempt to save
             | us from civilization-ending event. To make such decisions
             | we need to know what a particular type of incoming object
             | might do. That means careful study of the few examples we
             | already have in our history.
        
               | AlbertCory wrote:
               | OK. And the debate about "what should we do about that
               | massive object out there heading for Earth" would be calm
               | and rational, and the voices saying "hey, don't worry,
               | it's just going to be Tunguska-sized, we can ignore it!"
               | would win out?
               | 
               | Please. It's an interesting question, and that's it.
        
         | faceloss wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | virgulino wrote:
       | "First expedition to depths of Lake Cheko close to epicentre of
       | Tunguska event to start in February", Siberian Times, February
       | 2022
       | 
       | https://siberiantimes.com/other/others/news/first-expedition...
        
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