[HN Gopher] Understanding British Money: What's a Quid? A Shilli...
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       Understanding British Money: What's a Quid? A Shilling? (2020)
        
       Author : lisper
       Score  : 111 points
       Date   : 2023-03-02 23:32 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.iheartbritain.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.iheartbritain.com)
        
       | dhanush13181 wrote:
       | hello
        
       | stormdennis wrote:
       | I think five shillings (20 shillings in a pound) was sometimes
       | called a dollar because for a long time there were four US
       | dollars to the pound.
        
         | bolanyo wrote:
         | A dollar is 10 shilling, or half a pound, and I believe the
         | name goes back much further than the US dollar, to the time
         | when various European precious metal coinages would have been
         | recognized and converted.
         | 
         | The Australian dollar, and perhaps others, was set equal to
         | half a British pound at the point when they obtained their own
         | currency.
        
           | taejo wrote:
           | The South African rand was indeed also introduced as half a
           | pound in 1961 (technically half a South African pound, but
           | that had been equal to the pound sterling except 1931-1933)
        
       | denton-scratch wrote:
       | A thruppny bit (three-penny piece) was my favourite coin. It was
       | a brassy colour, different from every other coin - not coppery,
       | and not silvery. It was quite heavy - it felt like wealth. It had
       | twelve sides - the only sterling coin that had sides, until the
       | introduction of the 50p bit, with decimalisation.
       | 
       | The other thing I liked about it was that three is such a crazy
       | denomination for a currency token, like a three-dollar bill;
       | three old pennies were heavier and bigger, but the old pennies
       | were ridiculously large and heavy.
       | 
       | I also liked florins and half-crowns. A florin was a two-shilling
       | piece, and a half-crown was two-and-a-half shillings. These were
       | coins that actually contained silver.
       | 
       | A crown was five shillings, but not generally used as currency,
       | it was issued as a memorial, like a medal. At one time I owned a
       | Churchill Crown, issued to commemorate Churchill's death. They
       | were big, heavy coins. That's why a half-crown was two-and-a-half
       | shillings.
        
         | dspig wrote:
         | thruppny bit is _also_ ryhming slang, but in the other
         | direction
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | My favorite money has always been the guinea because it set the
       | profit for middlemen. You would pay the auctioneer in guineas (21
       | shillings) and they would pay the seller of the item in pounds
       | (20 shillings), giving the auctioneer a 4.75% commission.
        
       | moremetadata wrote:
       | > Luckily for those who enjoy travelling to the UK, the pound
       | sterling has been weak in recent years, dipping as low as $1.07
       | in late 2022. Even still, dollars buy a lot more than they used
       | to in the UK, so it's a great time to be travelling and shopping
       | at British businesses.
       | 
       | https://www.royal.uk/coronation-weekend
       | 
       | Dont delay, book your coronation fortnite holiday straight away
       | and upload your hot pics to youtube!
       | 
       | This is your chance to be part of history, captured in 8K
       | definition by the BBC, as you line the route waving your Union
       | flags, doffing your top hat to his majesty as he drives past you
       | or taking a curtsey if dressed up as the fairer sex, which some
       | men like Grayson Perry have been known to do. We'll take
       | dictators, we'll take Jimmy Saville, we dont care as long as you
       | spend lots of money when over here!
       | 
       | Take part in street parties, tell us where you are from and get
       | to rub shoulders with cockney geezer's that sound like they are
       | straight out of a Mary Poppins adaption, Cor Blimey Guvnor,
       | steady on, or something like Guy Ritchie's Lock Stock and Two
       | Smoking Barrels.
       | 
       | There's a Ronnie Pickering in every town, and if he's not driving
       | you around the bend, you'll find him in the nearest pub.
       | 
       | Take in a football match, there is a Gordon Parmar Hill aka The
       | Wealdstone Raider in every club waiting to oblige you in
       | conversation and vocabulary a five year could understand, great
       | for those people who want to practice their English skills on the
       | cheap.
       | 
       | Or maybe you'd like to hunt some of the world famous Haggis in
       | the wee hills of Scotland, its the only endangered species in the
       | world not on the endangered species list, which some think is not
       | offally fair game.
       | 
       | Find out who your Scottish relatives were and kit yourself out in
       | the family tartan whilst tasting a wee dram of whiskey from the
       | thousands on offer? Everyone has Scottish descendants, even
       | Donald Trump!
       | 
       | Either way, the country is broke, and we are selling the crown
       | jewels, so come to the UK and give us your money, its all hands
       | on deck.
       | 
       | Decimalisation was just a dignified slight of hand way to cover
       | up a hyper inflationary currency collapse from the oldest
       | currency in the world.
       | 
       | Ignore the news that everything costs so much here especially
       | food and heating, we are all doing fine, I'm hoping to have
       | defrosted and come out of hibernation and be able to move in time
       | for the coronation but at least I'm putting Stephen Hawkins speak
       | and spell to good use communicating with the world.
       | 
       | Remember Global Warming lowers your heating bills, so jump on a
       | plane, and jet into the UK for a fortnight long holiday, taking
       | in the best of British.
       | 
       | If you fancy an unusual souvenir, we have bridges for sale,
       | telephone boxes, and post boxes. They'll make the perfect metals
       | investment to hand down to your kids, whilst reminding yourself
       | of what a good time you had when you come to witness a country
       | going mad, putting aside their differences, and showing respect
       | to the Crown.
       | 
       | This once in a lifetime event hinges on you attending in person,
       | so all the press will be gushing their Levity, not drawing
       | attention to the Age of Empires, we've all moved on from that,
       | although Charles has been watching too much Dr Who and is stuck
       | in a time vortex from another world.
       | 
       | So dont delay, there will be dignitaries and politicians from
       | around the world in attendance, it will be the best walking
       | talking Madam Tussaud's show you'll ever see. You'll be bumping
       | into more stars than you can see at the London Planetarium, more
       | stars than the Royal Greenwich Observatory, where you can
       | actually take part in time itself!
       | 
       | But all these rare events only happen during the week before and
       | week after the crowning of a monarch, something many countries
       | got rid of because they thought best.
       | 
       | And if you are really lucky, you'll find many people selling
       | their souvenir quids and shillings that they have had tucked away
       | safely down the back of their sofa. The money is worthless, but
       | your kids or grand kids, could melt them down in years to come
       | for the precious metal content, or keep them as a souvenir before
       | cryptocurrency's took over the world.
       | 
       | Remember London is the only Govt backed crypto currency
       | laundromat in the world!
       | 
       | So come and invade for two weeks only, the Empire that gave you
       | English before the Americans bastardised it, and take part in the
       | world's biggest fancy dress party!
        
         | mrlonglong wrote:
         | Brilliant!
        
       | vaughan wrote:
       | I never heard of "smacker", but now I understand where
       | "smackeroos/smackeroonies" comes from in Aus.
        
       | goodcanadian wrote:
       | A note on the guinea. IIRC, it was originally intended to be a
       | gold one pound coin. However, the value of gold went up just when
       | it was issued so it was revalued higher by adding the extra
       | shilling. I imagine the extra prestige associated with it was
       | mostly about it being gold.
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | It's still used in horse racing.
        
           | dmurray wrote:
           | I've variously heard it was a 5% commission for the groom,
           | jockey, or auctioneer. If a horse won a 100 guinea prize, the
           | owner conventionally got 100 pounds and someone else got 100
           | shillings in commission.
        
             | bolanyo wrote:
             | I don't know about this aspect, but horse sales typically
             | involved this type of commission. The buyer would pay in
             | guineas (or PS1.05 times the nominal purchase price) and
             | the seller would receive that number of pounds, with the
             | extra going to the auctioneer.
             | 
             | I'm not sure if this system persists now, but it definitely
             | lasted long past decimalization.
        
           | walnutclosefarm wrote:
           | And oddly, in auctions for farm animals. If you go to buy a
           | bull at an auction mart, you bid guineas, not pounds.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | bolanyo wrote:
         | In fact, a shilling was defined in terms of silver ('sterling
         | silver' gives us the 'pound sterling'), so it was a bimetallic
         | system.
        
       | Havoc wrote:
       | Slightly easier explanation is that a quid is used the same way
       | the word "bucks" is used for USD.
        
       | secondcoming wrote:
       | It's actually not unheard of that people with Scottish banknotes
       | sometimes encounter difficulty when using them elsewhere. Small
       | shop owners might not know that they can be accepted. It's not so
       | much of an issue these days since everywhere is pretty much
       | cashless.
        
         | smcl wrote:
         | It really can vary. I remember having trouble spending Royal
         | Bank of Scotland notes in England at the start of one trip, and
         | after landing in Frankfurt airport for a transfer I was able to
         | spend them without any problems in a shop which accepted EUR,
         | GBP and USD. Also funny, here in Czech Republic I saw a money
         | exchange place listing rates for both GBP and "SCP", the latter
         | having little Scottish flag beside it and a worse rate :D
        
           | gerikson wrote:
           | The worse rate is understandable as the "resell value" is
           | lower for a Scottish issued note than one issued by the BoE.
        
             | smcl wrote:
             | I am not complaining - I don't have reason to, I earn the
             | local currency - I'm just amused they even exchanged
             | Scottish notes at all, and even more so that explicitly
             | stated that they would.
        
         | gerjomarty wrote:
         | As with Northern Irish bank notes, which have a similar place
         | in English society to the Scottish ones. The pub I went to got
         | very confused when I presented a PS10 note issued by the Bank
         | of Ireland, which I guess would be confusing if you had no
         | knowledge of it.
         | 
         | I think the phrase "legal tender" has a lot to answer for here.
         | It's a really well known phrase, and you'll hear shop owners
         | say they can't accept these notes because they're not "legal
         | tender", but the actual definition of it is only applicable
         | when settling debt in specific circumstances.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | tbf, the actual definition of "legal tender" gives shops even
           | more right to reject banknotes of a design they're unfamiliar
           | with, which is why they also often refuse to accept PS50
           | notes which are legal tender...
        
           | projektfu wrote:
           | The BoI notes also felt cheaper to me than the English ones,
           | so maybe they look counterfeit to the untrained eye. Maybe
           | it's good as they function as a sort of local scrip and serve
           | there purpose of recirculating money locally, etc., but they
           | will be converted on the other side of the sea.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | A few years back, I had some older English (pre-plastic?)
             | notes. I had to take them to a bank to exchange for
             | "proper" notes because stores wouldn't accept them.
        
           | Tsiklon wrote:
           | I think the Northern Irish notes have a worse and more
           | obscure place in England than the Scottish ones, up until
           | last year there were 4 different issuing banks in Northern
           | Ireland: Bank of Ireland, Danske Bank, Ulster Bank and First
           | Trust Bank [who now no longer issue].
           | 
           | It's quite entertaining to handover a Danish-Irish-UK pound
           | sterling note in the UK, like somehow the viking era never
           | ended.
        
             | gerjomarty wrote:
             | Not to mention the infamous Northern bank, which Danske
             | Bank replaced. I don't think I've ever seen a note
             | replacement scheme happen as quickly as the one that
             | replaced all of the green Northern bank notes for purple
             | ones after the Northern bank robbery, which I believe is
             | still the largest amount of money stolen from a bank at
             | once in UK history, right?
        
         | 88 wrote:
         | For small shop owners it's a vicious cycle. They don't want to
         | take in Scottish notes because many customers won't want them
         | as change. Customers don't want them as change because a lot of
         | shop owners won't take them.
         | 
         | As per the article, they're not legal tender so no one is
         | required to take them as payment.
        
           | kwhitefoot wrote:
           | That's not what legal tender means. Legal tender is what must
           | be accepted in settlement of a debt. Buying something in a
           | shop does not involve any debt and the shopkeeper can accept
           | or not any form of payment they like including legal tender.
        
           | Symbiote wrote:
           | PS20 notes should rarely be needed for change. Have you had
           | problems with Scottish PS20 notes being accepted?
        
         | ghaff wrote:
         | Maybe about 10 years ago I was trying to pay for something in a
         | London store with a Scottish banknote and the clerk didn't want
         | to take it. (Their manager came over and said it was fine but,
         | yeah, it happens.)
         | 
         | Though last time I was in London, I dumped a few coins from my
         | currency stash for a museum entrance donation and I didn't
         | otherwise touch my cash at all. And don't think I touched my
         | Euros at all when in Dublin for the same trip.
        
         | zeristor wrote:
         | Having not used cash for three years, and seeing more places
         | not accept cash this is less of an issue.
         | 
         | I've had Scottish bank notes declined in the past though.
         | 
         | The local Fish & Chip shops only accept cash, so it does help
         | me to avoid eating unhealthy food, although if there was a way
         | to find it when they're using fresh oil they'd probably be far
         | more tasty.
        
       | Temporary_31337 wrote:
       | The article is out of date as it suggests that the uk is in the
       | eu
        
         | Symbiote wrote:
         | It's also illustrated with the PS1 coin that was withdrawn 51/2
         | years ago, and banknotes that are also all withdrawn years ago.
         | 
         | It's also incorrect to say visitors won't deal with PS50 notes.
         | They're rarely in ATMs but they are common when exchanging cash
         | abroad.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | PS50 notes were popular for criminal transactions, and also
           | they were widely forged; I don't know whether that's still
           | the case, but I'm very reluctant to accept a PS50 note. If a
           | shopkeeper checks it and decides it's a forgery, they have to
           | take it off me for nothing, and I'm down fifty nicker.
        
           | notahacker wrote:
           | It's correct to say visitors _shouldn 't_ deal with PS50
           | notes if they can possibly help it, because they will
           | generally struggle to pay for anything with them though..
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | They shouldn't have any problems in London, especially at
             | places tourists typically frequent.
             | 
             | I once worked at such a place, and the till would be
             | stuffed with PS50 notes by the end of lunchtime.
             | 
             | I realise it's different north of Watford.
        
             | ghaff wrote:
             | Anything over a $20 bill has been hard to use in many/most
             | stores for a very long time in the US (which seemingly at
             | one point decided to freeze currency denominations in amber
             | --see also penny--which I assume is permanent at this point
             | as less and less cash gets used). But $100 bills at least
             | were in pretty common use overseas. I still tend to carry
             | some as backup cash.
        
         | InCityDreams wrote:
         | >As a member of the EU, they could have opted to use the Euro,
         | but they decided not to.
         | 
         | I think, just very poorly written.
        
         | ljf wrote:
         | Depends on how you read it - I read as a historical fact:
         | 
         | /As a member of the EU, they could have opted to use the Euro,
         | but they decided not to./
         | 
         | So 'when they were a member of the EU, they could have taken in
         | the euro, but didn't, so still have the pound'
        
           | goodcanadian wrote:
           | Judging from the date on the exchange rates quoted, the UK
           | was still (just) in the EU when it was written. Regardless,
           | the rest of the content is still current either way you
           | interpret it.
        
       | winrid wrote:
       | The first time I visited England when I was 19 the people I was
       | visiting showed me all this, and consequently a lot of my cash
       | was turned into "shrapnel".
       | 
       | Later I wanted to buy some vodka, and someone wanted chocolate
       | milk, so imagine the look on the cashier's face as I pay for ONLY
       | vodka and chocolate milk with spare change.
        
       | blackshaw wrote:
       | Fun fact: the 20p and 50p coins are Reuleaux heptagons[0]. This
       | means that they have a constant diameter even though they're not
       | circular, which means that they can be accurately sorted by
       | vending machines.
       | 
       | [0] https://wikiless.org/wiki/Reuleaux_polygon?lang=en
        
         | tylerag wrote:
         | Link that has functioning CSS:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reuleaux_polygon
        
         | n1b0m wrote:
         | There's also a Reuleaux wheeled bike [1]
         | 
         | [1] https://youtu.be/ebRI4kFmR7U
        
           | recuter wrote:
           | I like this bike better:
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jRmdssX9l2g
        
             | n1b0m wrote:
             | That's pretty awesome. I quite like this one too
             | https://youtu.be/PX3A7GLtFqM
        
         | I_complete_me wrote:
         | And of course "How to drill a square hole"
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=L5AzbDJ7KYI
        
       | gostsamo wrote:
       | Good Omens had one of the most eye-opening introductions to old
       | british currency on the level of monoids and endofunctors. Since
       | then I'm avoiding both.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jmfldn wrote:
         | "1 mite = 1/8 penny, 1 farthing = 1/4 penny, 2 farthings = 1
         | halfpenny (pronounced more like "haypenny"), 2 halfpence = 1
         | penny (or a 'copper'), 2 pence = 1 tuppence or a half-groat, 3
         | pence = 1 thruppence, 4 pence = 1 groat, 6 pence = 1 sixpence
         | (a 'tanner'), 12 pence = 1 shilling (a bob), 2 shillings = 1
         | florin ( a 'two bob bit'), 2 shillings and 6 pence = 1 half
         | crown, 5 shillings = 1 Crown"
         | 
         | What's the problem ;)
         | 
         | Joking-aside, it's amazing to me that anyone ever got fluent
         | with this. My dad and grandparents never complain about the
         | pre-decimalisation period so I guess you just get used to it.
         | 
         | I think I'll stick to learning the category theory mentioned by
         | op over this.
        
           | MarcScott wrote:
           | It's no more complicated than measurements and weights in the
           | imperial system.
           | 
           | We're a weird country. We decimalised our currency, our
           | weights and measures in shops and science, but we can't let
           | go of imperial measures. Amongst the general population,
           | people are far more comfortable talking about miles and miles
           | per hour, than kilometers. Land sizes are still measured in
           | acres and hectares. If you ask anyone their height, you'll
           | probably get an answer in feet and inches, but ask their
           | weight and they're more likely to tell you in kilograms
           | rather than pounds and stone.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | Hectares are metric, 1ha = 100m x 100m = 10000m2.
        
             | 7952 wrote:
             | A lot of those things are not actively measured but are
             | more experiential or used as an approximation. Height in
             | feet is about how tall someone is, not their exact height.
             | A mile to the pub is about how long it will take to walk,
             | not the exact distance. Younger Brits will tend to use
             | these terms in conversation but revert to metric more when
             | something actually needs to be measured.
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | > A mile to the pub is about how long it will take to
               | walk, not the exact distance. Younger Brits will tend to
               | use these terms in conversation but revert to metric more
               | when something actually needs to be measured.
               | 
               | Doesn't this get confusing when all traffic and road
               | signs, car instruments, etc. are in miles and miles per
               | hour?
        
               | Eisenstein wrote:
               | Don't even think about fuel efficiency ratings (MPG) vs.
               | petrol dispense volume (L).
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | You don't typically need to reason about those numbers
               | though. You know what 30mph feels like.
        
               | vmilner wrote:
               | I can't remember when I last heard a Brit of any age use
               | kilometres in any context.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I assume that, as in the US, SI units are used in many
               | scientific and technical contexts.
        
               | vmilner wrote:
               | It's kilometres specifically that I hear used rarely in
               | the Uk. Other SI units are relatively common I agree.
        
               | throwaway472919 wrote:
               | People who are into running/cycling use "K" a lot,
               | personally I think it's because once someone starts
               | talking in km, if you use miles your stats will look bad
               | by comparison. I know trackers/apps probably had this as
               | default from the start because Europe=metric but so did a
               | lot of satnavs and it didn't change our language in the
               | same way.
        
               | 7952 wrote:
               | mm is used constantly in engineering and km will be used
               | for long distances in professional settings.
        
               | vmilner wrote:
               | Metres and mm I hear a lot but kilometres very little -
               | mainly because of miles on road signs. I guess the last
               | reference I remember is to 5K runs.
        
               | Symbiote wrote:
               | It's rare to need kilometres in engineering, but I know
               | from a friend that works at Network Rail that everything
               | is done in kilometres, except final conversions on many
               | older railway lines where the mileposts still measure
               | miles.
               | 
               | Those small blue signs at the side of motorways, and the
               | white emergency location posts, both use kilometres.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | >It's rare to need kilometres in engineering
               | 
               | Yeah, the thing with imperial units and engineering is
               | that once you get anywhere near mass, weight, force,
               | energy, and all the related units for same, it can get
               | very confusing and error prone. So are we talking pounds-
               | mass, pounds-force, or slugs? (The latter being something
               | that probably no one who didn't take
               | engineering/physics/etc. classes has ever heard of.)
        
               | jmfldn wrote:
               | It's incredibly common to use km here, and miles.
        
               | bolanyo wrote:
               | I don't recognize the 'vibiness' of imperial length and
               | distance measurements at all. Perhaps this is a
               | pareidolic interpretation which came to you when you
               | noticed people using both sets of measurement types?
        
             | jmfldn wrote:
             | What's amazing is how we mix the two. Case in point, my
             | wife and I are both runners, she measures her pace in
             | minutes per mile, I use minutes per km. When we exchange
             | stats we have to do the conversion. She does it as her
             | running club uses the mile convention. This is despite the
             | fact that we're doing 10 km races. So you're running a 10
             | km and talking about a '7 minute mile'?!
             | 
             | We're an eccentric bunch!
        
             | jimnotgym wrote:
             | Some years ago I was a carpenter in the UK. From what I can
             | see this has changed little since then... If I were laying
             | out for sheet materials...mdf or plasterboard came in
             | metric sizes 2400x1200mm so joists or studs went at 400mm
             | centres. If I were laying out for plywood it came in 8x4ft
             | sheets so I would use 16 inch centres.
             | 
             | If I were measuring a space to cut something to fit I would
             | use inches or feet and inches, 23 an 1/8, for instance.
             | 
             | I might need a small hole about 1/8 of an inch, open my
             | drill box and select a 3mm.
             | 
             | If I were ordering timber I might ask for a 3 metre length
             | of 4x2. As in 4x2 inches! If 3m were too long you might
             | prefer an 8ft length. The yardman would walk you straight
             | to the 2.4m pile without hesitation. Of course timber
             | lengths are in 300mm increments to align with the feet of
             | old. When you got your despatch note it would say something
             | like 2400x100x50. Or perhaps they used regularised timber
             | and it would have been machined down to 97x47 which may or
             | may not be mentioned on the ticket. It would still be
             | called 4x2 whatever!
             | 
             | Thing is, none of this caused us any trouble whatsoever.
             | Well.. apprentices who learnt cm at school (which was NEVER
             | used in construction) had a fun few weeks at the beginning.
             | 
             | I had engineers use all the same terms to me verbally, but
             | never in their written work which were always in mm
        
             | bolanyo wrote:
             | Distances on road signs are still in miles and speed limits
             | are still in mph, so familiarity with miles reflects their
             | official status, not just British weirdness/quaintness.
        
               | notahacker wrote:
               | And also, unlike the weirdness of pre-decimal currency or
               | some of our more obscure weights and measures units, the
               | miles we talk about are rough approximations that aren't
               | supposed to be subdivided or converted into anything
               | precise (or anything more precise than "about half a
               | mile") so there's no particular advantage to using an SI
               | unit
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | I still find it easier to assess my body weight in stones
             | and pounds (14 pounds, one stone). I'm currently about 13
             | stone 7lb. I have no idea what my weight is in kilos.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jt2190 wrote:
           | > What's the problem ;)
           | 
           | Frustratingly, the article doesn't say! For example, could
           | the reason for the weird fractions be coin cutting? [1]
           | 
           | [1] "Medieval Cut Pennies"
           | https://www.cointalk.com/threads/medieval-cut-
           | pennies.266902...
        
           | raverbashing wrote:
           | > anyone ever got fluent with this.
           | 
           | I think they didn't. It is a mix of colloquialisms of
           | different origins (one farthing is "one fourth-ing" said too
           | many times) but some might have been localized versions, etc
           | or just used in specific situations.
           | 
           | So I'm pretty sure most people knew some of those but not all
           | of them.
           | 
           | But if you think about it penny/nickel/dime etc is also
           | confusing. Less confusing but still. Just tell me I'm 15
           | cents short or something like that.
        
             | dmurray wrote:
             | They all sound pretty standard to me, with the exception of
             | "mite". I think at one point most people would absolutely
             | have known all of them, but there were hundreds or
             | thousands of other regional variations that would have been
             | less known.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | I'm not sure there's a whole paragraph in this article
             | without an error, omission or oversight.
             | 
             | Mite doesn't have a standard definition. My unabridged
             | Oxford dictionary says it was just a very small amount of
             | money, and people gave it various definitions.
             | 
             | Copper means _any_ copper coin, it 's never been specific
             | to a one penny coin. Currently it means the copper-coloured
             | coins, 1p or 2p.
             | 
             | Groats as coins worth four pence were last issued in 1662,
             | and according to the OED later 4 pence coins were called
             | fourpence or fourpenny bits/pieces, including in casual
             | speech.
             | 
             | Most of the words are straightforward fractions or
             | multiples of a penny, with optional slurred pronunciations:
             | 1/4 penny = farthing            1/2 penny = halfpenny or
             | ha'penny            1 penny, usually abbreviated as 1d
             | 2 pence = tuppence            3 pence = thruppence,
             | thre'penny bit            4 pence = fourpence piece,
             | fourpenny bit            6 pence = sixpence (slang: tanner)
             | 12 pence = 1 shilling (slang: bob)        2 shillings = 1
             | florin (slang: two bob bit)              2s 6d = half crown
             | 5 shillings = 1 crown       20 shillings = 4 crowns = 1
             | pound       21 shillings = 1 guinea
             | 
             | As I understand it, normally prices and other quantities
             | were spoken in pounds, shillings and pence unless they
             | fitted a coin exactly. Something cost "6 shillings", not "1
             | crown 1 shilling" or "3 florins" etc.
             | 
             | Just like the USA, where a movie ticket presumably once
             | cost a nickel, then a dime, but then 15 cents. (Although
             | none of the old words above are in standard usage in
             | Britain.)
        
             | bolanyo wrote:
             | I know lots of old people who are absolutely fluent with
             | almost all these terms (excluding 'mite' and 'groat'),
             | could reckon with them quickly and accurately, and who
             | (when I was younger) would quickly and accurately translate
             | decimalized amounts into shillings and pence.
        
           | gostsamo wrote:
           | People can accustom themselves to all kinds of unpleasantness
           | and even grow fond of it, but the truth is that it is mental
           | overload which might cause unnecessary errors.
        
           | irrational wrote:
           | I assume that is how people that are only familiar with
           | metric view the imperial measurement system. 1/64, 1/32,
           | 1/16, 1/8, 3/16, 1/4, 5/16, 3/8, 7/16, 1/2, 9/16, 5/8, 11/16,
           | etc. for inches. 1 inch = 1/12 foot, 2 inches = 1/6 foot,
           | etc. I use all of these so often on woodworking that it is
           | super easy for me. I presume that same was for money in the
           | pre-digital age.
        
           | DonaldFisk wrote:
           | Grew up in the 1960s, pre-decimal. In primary school, we
           | learned to do arithmetic in pounds, shillings, and pence (but
           | no longer farthings) and also learned imperial units. The
           | coins in circulation at the time were 1/2d, 1d, 3d, 6d, 1/-
           | (1s), 2/-, and 2/6d. There was also a 10/- banknote. Some
           | prices were in guineas (21/-).
           | 
           | They stopped minting groats (4d) after 1856 (except in Maundy
           | money), half-farthings after 1870, and farthings after 1956.
           | Farthings and silver thrupnies (3d) were still around but not
           | in circulation.
           | 
           | The florin (2/-, or a tenth of a pound) was introduced during
           | the first attempt at decimalization in 1849.
           | 
           | Crowns (5/-) were never in circulation, but were minted for
           | special events such as coronations. They still are, but their
           | face value is now PS5.
           | 
           | Decimalization began in 1968 with the introduction of 5p and
           | 10p coins (same size and value as 1/- and 2/- coins) followed
           | by the 50p coin (10/-) in 1969. It was completed in 1971 with
           | the introduction of the 1/2p, 1p, and 2p coins.
           | 
           | From secondary school onwards, it was decimal money and
           | metric/SI units, which simplified calculations a bit.
           | 
           | Ireland decimalized at the same time as UK, and Australia and
           | New Zealand a few years earlier (at the rate of two dollars
           | to one pound).
        
             | hakfoo wrote:
             | I think crowns circulated up to the end of Victoria's
             | reign. They're widely found in circulated conditions.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | > and 2/6d.
             | 
             | Also known as half a crown, or two-and-six.
        
           | goodcanadian wrote:
           | Eh, it's not that complicated. It is just pounds, shillings,
           | and pence. The rest are mostly just terms for coins that
           | existed at various times, roughly equivalent to nickel, dime,
           | quarter. Some of them are even slang terms (quid, bob)
           | similar to buck or two bits.
        
             | NovemberWhiskey wrote:
             | As mentioned here, you will often see historical prices
             | quoted as _PS_ x y _s_ z _d_ ... which might lead to the
             | question  "why is a penny abbreviated to d"?
             | 
             | In fact, the PS sign is a stylized letter L, and the system
             | is really Lsd: libra (meaning, amongst other things, pound
             | in Latin), solidus, denarius. This is the Carolingian
             | monetary system and, as the name suggests, goes back to the
             | Holy Roman Empire - as early as the 8th century.
             | 
             | That includes the L 1 = 20 s = 240 d ratio that made its
             | way to pre-decimalization British currency.
        
             | jmfldn wrote:
             | No I know. I was being somewhat facetious.
             | 
             | As someone else mentioned, us Brits still use imperial
             | measurements (to some extent) and I get by, just about!
        
           | dontlaugh wrote:
           | A few people I talked to eventually admitted it was more
           | common to get the wrong change in their youth than after
           | decimalisation.
        
           | alserio wrote:
           | The gold ones are Galleons. Seventeen silver Sickles to a
           | Galleon and twenty-nine Knuts to a Sickle, it's easy enough.
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | > it's amazing to me that anyone ever got fluent with this.
           | 
           | Twelve (pence to the shilling) is actually quite a convenient
           | way of denominating money. Twelve has more divisors than ten,
           | which makes a lot of calculations easier. It wasn't so hard
           | to learn the basics - 12 pence to the shilling, 20 shillings
           | to the pound; a child could do it. But working out 17.5% VAT
           | on a transaction in decimal coinage isn't so much fun.
        
           | kurthr wrote:
           | If a Crown was an hour, a mite would be 7min and 30sec.
           | 
           | You could call 24 Crown and a Drown and 360 of those would be
           | a Yawn. Throw in 5 or 6 extra Drown every Yawn, and you'd add
           | a Drown to the 4th, 6th, 7th, and 11th Shawn of the Yawn, but
           | subtract two Drown from the second Yawn, if you're electing a
           | president, and then only subtract one, cuz Merica!
        
       | smcl wrote:
       | Just to add some more niche currency slang. A few of the Hibs
       | casuals[0] that used to come into the pub I worked at sometimes
       | referred to pounds as "sheets" - "it set me back fifty sheets" =
       | "it cost me 50 pounds". I don't know how common it is, I only
       | heard it around these guys.
       | 
       | [0] - Hibs = Hibernian Football Club in Edinburgh, casuals =
       | hooligan supporters (who were alright with me so long as they
       | thought I supported a nothing-team like Montrose and didn't know
       | I actually supported Aberdeen :D)
        
         | Underphil wrote:
         | I'm from the Midlands and have heard that many times.
        
       | rubans wrote:
       | Here's a good video about coins https://youtu.be/jRDOmgJyznI
        
       | MarcScott wrote:
       | There are also coins called the Sovereign and Britannia, which
       | are both legal tender, although not in general circulation. Both
       | are minted from 24 carat gold. The Sovereign has a face value of
       | 1 pound and I think the Britannia has a face value of 5. There
       | actual value, on gold markets, is hundreds of pounds, and for a
       | Britannia is over a thousand. Because they are legal tender, and
       | could theoretically be used to buy a bottle of milk, they are
       | exempt from VAT and capital gains tax, when buying or selling.
       | 
       | There's also enduring slang for some some values of cash, that
       | doesn't necessarily have an accompanying bank note. A Pony for 25
       | pounds and a Ton for 100 is still fairly widely understood, but
       | mostly heard these days in Guy Ritchie movies,.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | MrsPeaches wrote:
         | Other slang terms (more commonly used in London):
         | 
         | - "Nugget" - PS1
         | 
         | - "Reds" - PS50 (usually only used in the plural e.g. a stack
         | of reds)
         | 
         | - "Bill" - PS100
         | 
         | - "Monkey" - PS500
         | 
         | - "Grand" - PS1000
         | 
         | - "Bag" - PS1000 (from cockney "bag of sand" rhyming with
         | "grand")
        
           | wrycoder wrote:
           | Anyone know what a hundred "large" might mean?
        
             | slowwriter wrote:
             | I believe it's a hundred thousand
        
           | blackshaw wrote:
           | I'm British and have never heard any of these before except
           | "grand".
        
             | dazc wrote:
             | I always thought Bag of Sand as Scouse, we live and learn?
        
               | denton-scratch wrote:
               | Cockney rhyming slang. The custom is that you take a two-
               | word phrase whose second word rhymes with the target
               | word, and then you just use the first word.
               | 
               | So "Plates of meat" == "feet", but you just say "me
               | plates are cold". Scousers don't do that.
               | 
               | [Edit] There was a cafe off Haymarket in London, called
               | "My Old China". That was another kind of plate; a "china"
               | is a "china plate", which rhymes with "mate". So it's "my
               | old mate".
        
           | frobozz wrote:
           | PS5 and its multiples: Lady, Ayrton, Commodore, Score, Pony.
           | 
           | Sadly, I think these are dying out due to the move towards a
           | cashless society.
           | 
           | The most common use for any of these (for me) was to ask
           | someone to lend me a bit of cash when I'd left my wallet at
           | home.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | As in "Lend me a tenor"?
        
             | corblimeyguvnor wrote:
             | Translation - more rhyming slang, although not necessarily
             | 'cockney' Lady Godiva - 'fiver' (PS5) Ayton Senna -
             | 'tenner' (PS10) - obviously a more modern idiom.
             | 
             | I have not come accross a Commodore before so am going to
             | guess because of where it sits in the list as PS15
             | 
             | Score - PS20 (as in three-score-years-and-10 and all that)
             | Pony - PS25 - some latin root in there - that is an old
             | one.
             | 
             | I don't think they are dying out, in that paying a pony is
             | still PS25 with cash or with a card.
        
               | sbuk wrote:
               | Commodore - Once, twice, three times a lady...
        
           | helsinkiandrew wrote:
           | And as well as Ton and Pony there's:
           | 
           | - "Score" - PS20
           | 
           | - "Nicker" - PS1
           | 
           | Or if you want to go full cockney "Deep Sea Diver" or "Lady
           | Godiva" PS5 (fiver), and "Ayrton Senna" for PS10 (tenner)
        
             | simonh wrote:
             | My desktop host name is fiver after the character from
             | Watership Down (and it's a 5k iMac), so the VM I run on it
             | is Godiva.
        
               | finnh wrote:
               | Funny, mine is "fivek". I bought that machine the first
               | week it was available, I'd been waiting and waiting for a
               | large hires screen so the name fell right out.
        
           | dewclin wrote:
           | Also (possibly only amongst bankers in London):
           | 
           | - "Yard" - PSbillion (derived from the french "milliard")
        
             | twic wrote:
             | Also "buck" and "bar", which I think are one and two
             | million. Not uniquely British, but certainly used here.
        
             | Symbiote wrote:
             | Milliard was the standard British word for 1,000,000,000
             | until some point in the 1970s.
        
               | throw0101c wrote:
               | From _Numberphile_ , "How big is a billion?" (2012):
               | 
               | * https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=C-52AI_ojyQ
        
               | simonh wrote:
               | Then there was the British billion, which was a million
               | million. The US version has taken over completely.
        
               | mejutoco wrote:
               | Same in German.
        
               | gerikson wrote:
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Long_and_short_scales
        
           | shrubhub wrote:
           | Born and bred Londoner, never heard nugget in my life. TIL!
        
             | frobozz wrote:
             | I use(d) it a lot. Specifically for pound coins, rather
             | than the value of PS1.
             | 
             | e.g. you would ask, "Can you swap us 5 nuggets for a Lady?"
             | If you wanted to go and get something from a vending
             | machine, but only had notes.
             | 
             | Even more so than other terms, I think this is being lost
             | to cashlessness.
        
             | MrsPeaches wrote:
             | It's a bit outdated tbh, as it was a reference to to gold
             | colour of the pound coin (as shown in the article).
             | 
             | To be used as follows:
             | 
             | Bredda, set me a nugget. I've only got 50p and I'm feeling
             | that Junior Spesh [1]
             | 
             | [1] https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=Q6pbZLiLt30
        
           | makingstuffs wrote:
           | Jacks: fiva: PS5
        
             | jdksncnskw wrote:
             | Also used to denote weights of certain herbs circa 2000:
             | 
             | Jacks: PS5
             | 
             | Ben: PS10
             | 
             | Henry (I.e 1/8): PS20
        
           | beowulfey wrote:
           | I didn't realize grand for 1000 was slang. That one made it
           | to the USA too.
        
             | denton-scratch wrote:
             | I think it probably crossed the atlantic in the other
             | direction; I'm pretty sure that "grand" for a thousand
             | didn't originate here.
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | Americans also say "large" for $1000, and "grand" is
               | French for "large" so the travel might have been in the
               | opposite direction.
        
           | bradwood wrote:
           | score == 20GBP
           | 
           | for 50 quid, I've heard "reddies" quite a bit too, but my
           | personal favourite -- an "Ayrton" for 10GBP (rhyming slang:
           | Ayrton Senna -> tenner)
        
           | dazc wrote:
           | An Archer, PS2,000
           | 
           | 'A reference to the libel case involving the novelist Jeffrey
           | Archer. The term is slang for the sum of PS2,000, a reference
           | to the amount that Archer allegedly offered as a bribe which
           | was the basis of the case.' https://inews.co.uk/light-
           | relief/offbeat/the-most-confusing-...
        
         | benj111 wrote:
         | Bob is also now another word for pounds. That might be a
         | northern thing though.
        
         | lIl-IIIl wrote:
         | Thank you so much. I finally understand the line "I put a pony
         | on Liverpool" from "IT Crowd".
        
           | roter wrote:
           | Stick a pony in me pocket
           | 
           | I'll fetch the suitcase from the van
           | 
           | 'Cos if you want the best ones
           | 
           | But you don't ask questions
           | 
           | Then brother, I'm your man
           | 
           | - Fools & Horses Theme
        
             | ehecatl42 wrote:
             | I think it was the popularity of Only Fools and Horses that
             | gave rise to a pseudo-Cockney slang common in my time as an
             | undergrad. Degrees were ranked:
             | 
             | - Geoff (Hurst) -- Class I -- "first"
             | 
             | - Simon (leBonn) -- Class II:1
             | 
             | - Desmond (Tutu) -- Class II:2
             | 
             | - Douglas (Hurd) -- Class III "turd"
             | 
             | (I matriculated '91. And not in London.)
        
         | secondcoming wrote:
         | A 1oz Britannia has a face value of PS100
        
         | rwmj wrote:
         | > [sovereigns] are exempt from VAT and capital gains tax
         | 
         | This is a weird corner of UK tax law. If you buy gold bars and
         | sell them at a profit you have to pay tax on the gains. If you
         | buy and sell the equivalent weight of sovereigns there is no
         | tax to pay, because they're just currency. Buying and selling
         | gold coins in general (like Krugerrands that were not produced
         | by the Royal Mint) attracts tax. Then there are coins which
         | used to be legal tender but are no longer (pre-1837 sovereigns)
         | which have a separate exemption from tax, unless they're a
         | "set" of such coins where there is a different limit.
         | 
         | (Not legal advice!)
        
           | Aperocky wrote:
           | But are sovereign coins as accessible as gold? How much
           | markup do they command?
        
             | rwmj wrote:
             | Absolutely - loads of companies (including the Royal Mint)
             | sell them online. Prices seem to vary depending on whether
             | the issue is collectable or not. If you're not fussed about
             | buying something collectable but just want the best price,
             | the mark-ups seem to be around 5% over the price of gold.
             | Note that as well as not having to pay capital gains tax on
             | profits, you don't pay any VAT [like a sales tax] on the
             | sale either. This is very unusual - almost no other non-
             | essential item is zero-rated for VAT.
        
         | NLips wrote:
         | Note that legal tender != can buy milk with. Legal tender is
         | only about payment of debt. A shop selling you something
         | doesn't have to accept any specific form of payment, as they
         | don't let you build up a tab which needs repaying.
        
           | LBJsPNS wrote:
           | Were I a shopkeeper and someone offered me a PS1 Sovereign
           | for PS1 worth of merchandise, I don't think I would have any
           | trouble accepting it.
        
           | freeone3000 wrote:
           | The Coinage Act of 1971 describes, in detail, which
           | combinations of coins must be accepted for various purchase
           | amounts.
        
         | hnlmorg wrote:
         | Grand (PS1000) is also a really common term. I think I hear
         | that more than the mathematical term.
        
           | martyvis wrote:
           | We use "grand" ubiquitously here in Australia for $1000.
        
             | mattpallissard wrote:
             | Here in America too.
        
         | DonaldFisk wrote:
         | Some minor corrections: the sovereign is 22 carat gold, the
         | gold Britannia (24 carat) has a face value PS100, and the
         | silver Britannia has a face value of PS2.
        
       | _dain_ wrote:
       | A better explanation is Lindybeige's video about pre-decimal
       | British coinage:
       | 
       | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R2paSGQRwvo
       | 
       | It goes into the underlying mindset behind this seemingly bizarre
       | system. Basically:
       | 
       | - the penny was always the fundamental unit. every denomination
       | was defined in terms of the penny, not the pound or the shilling.
       | It wasn't like the modern system where the fundamental unit is
       | the pound (or dollar) and pennies (or cents) are defined as
       | hundredths.
       | 
       | - the system was evolved, not designed
       | 
       | - different multiples and fractions of the penny went in and out
       | of fashion at various times, so at any given time the system
       | wasn't quite complicated as you might think, even though in
       | retrospect it can be hard to keep track of every denomination
       | from every period
       | 
       | - the shilling (12 pence) and the pound (240 pence) stuck around
       | and became important denominations because those are highly-
       | composite numbers and so have lots of ways of splitting them up
       | 
       | And this isn't stated explicitly in the video but it seems the
       | system lost its value due to inflation, not any desire for
       | metrication. Nobody gave a damn about pennies by the late 60s.
       | You could very well make a new version of "old money" with modern
       | coinage, just inflated by a factor of 100. A neo-shilling = 12
       | dollars, etc. Could be a fun cyberpunk worldbuilding detail.
        
       | clort wrote:
       | interestingly, while I was living in Ireland I heard people
       | referring to a euro as a quid reasonably commonly.
        
         | helsinkiandrew wrote:
         | I'm a Brit who's lived in Finland (with the Euro) for 10+ years
         | - I occasionally say quid instead of euro. Mostly when
         | referring to an approximate amount - such and such cost a few
         | quid, rather than a few euro.
        
           | stevekemp wrote:
           | Also a Brit, living in Finland, and I do the same.
        
         | Tsiklon wrote:
         | This makes sense given the close history of language between
         | the two and that pre-Euro, Ireland's currency was the Irish
         | Pound or Punt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Irish_pound
        
         | entropyie wrote:
         | Well, chances are the word comes from the Irish language
         | (Gaeilge). Cuid. As in "Mo chuid ..." (my portion of ...).
         | https://www.theguardian.com/notesandqueries/query/0,5753,-22...
        
       | bell-cot wrote:
       | 10,000-foot geezer's perspective:
       | 
       | Before the Great War (WWI), Great Britain was _rich_ , Great
       | Britain completely dominated the financial world, Great Britain's
       | Pound Sterling was the world's reserve currency (
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reserve_currency ), and the Pound
       | Sterling was no more decimal than Her Royal Majesty Queen
       | Victoria was Japanese.
       | 
       | When you are the 900 pound gorilla, not only can you get away
       | with all sorts of unique complexity - mites, farthings, groats,
       | shillings, florins, crowns, pounds, guineas, etc. - but being
       | quite conversant with your complexity is a point of pride for
       | many foreigners, who wish to be seen as educated and
       | sophisticated.
       | 
       | WWI might reasonably be described as a "no matter how hard it is,
       | no matter how long it takes" suicide pact by Europe's greatest
       | nations and nobles, to destroy their own positions and prestige
       | in the world. They were quite successful in that.
       | 
       | Great Britain's post-WWI economic policy might be described as
       | "keep saying 'Great', but don't think nor try too hard". Combine
       | that with interest payments on their huge war debts, and the
       | writing was on the wall.
       | 
       | Then came WWII. Before the U.S.A. stepped in to pay for things,
       | national bankruptcy was at least as much a threat to "Great"
       | Britain as the Nazi armies were. More than a year before that war
       | ended, on 22 July 1944, Britain formally signed the Bretton Woods
       | Agreement ( https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bretton_Woods_System )
       | - which explicitly made the U.S. Dollar the world's reserve
       | currency.
       | 
       | Post-WWII, "Great"-no-longer Britain's economic situation was
       | grim. Rationing of _food_ , for the general population, did not
       | end until 4 July 1954.
       | 
       | Still, the funny old Pound Sterling currency system hung on. I
       | mostly credit human memory. Brits born in 1895 would have adult
       | memories of pre-WWI British Greatness, yet be only 70 years old
       | in 1965.
       | 
       | Finally, 15 February 1971 was Decimal Day - when the cool old
       | farthing/groat/shilling/etc. British Pound was converted to the
       | dull, conformist "100 pence to the pound" modern system.
        
         | okeuro49 wrote:
         | > "Great"-no-longer Britain.
         | 
         | We're all French living in Greater Brittany, "Grand Bretagne",
         | it's not a value judgement.
        
         | tragomaskhalos wrote:
         | Nice summary. Tradition dies hard, especially in these isles -
         | my old nan maintained that decimalisation was the greatest con
         | ever perpetrated on the British people!
        
           | denton-scratch wrote:
           | It _was_ a con. Everyone rounded their prices upward. Some of
           | the price-rises weren 't simply rounding, either.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Double-checking on the inflation data for that era - https://
           | www.bankofengland.co.uk/-/media/boe/files/quarterly-... - I'd
           | say that your old nan was quite right. (But maybe not quite
           | in a literal, "terms as defined by an economic professor",
           | sense.)
        
         | eadmund wrote:
         | > WWI might reasonably be described as a "no matter how hard it
         | is, no matter how long it takes" suicide pact by Europe's
         | greatest nations and nobles, to destroy their own positions and
         | prestige in the world.
         | 
         | You're quite right about the Great War being a suicide pact,
         | but I think it was far more democratic than you give it credit
         | for. Previous wars between kings and/or aristocrats would have
         | ended far sooner, but with the industry, finance and media
         | landscape of the early 20th century the belligerents' hands
         | were tied by their own populaces. It was a complete and utter
         | catastrophe, one whose aftershocks still reverberate.
        
           | bell-cot wrote:
           | Quite true about how democratic it was, and the diminished
           | powers of the emperors, kings, and aristocrats...though I
           | know enough older European history to have doubts about
           | "would have ended far sooner". Their power wasn't so
           | diminished because they'd proven so competent in the past.
           | 
           | Hmm...reading your comment again, I sense that similar
           | reflections were behind Churchill's famous quote about
           | democracy.
        
       | sircastor wrote:
       | We had a get together with our international team this past
       | summer, and I was shocked to learn from a Scottish colleague that
       | some banks are authorized to print their own currency notes. I
       | thought "That can't be right". Though this is historically what
       | many banks throughout the world used to do. It just seemed
       | totally crazy that a private corporation could distribute
       | nationally accepted currency. What a weird, wild world we live
       | in...
       | 
       | > Scottish banknotes are a funny thing because they're not issued
       | by a central bank, and they're not technically legal tender
       | ANYWHERE in the UK. Three retail banks (Bank of Scotland,
       | Clydesdale Bank, and Royal Bank of Scotland) are permitted to
       | print notes, and they're classified as promissory notes rather
       | than legal tender. Go to the ATM of any of those banks, and
       | you'll get their notes.
        
         | forgotusername6 wrote:
         | They are of course a right pain if you accidentally get one
         | given to you in change down south. Plenty of shops will refuse
         | them.
        
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