[HN Gopher] Anxiety can be created by the body, mouse heart stud...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Anxiety can be created by the body, mouse heart study suggests
        
       Author : gmays
       Score  : 89 points
       Date   : 2023-03-02 20:05 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.nature.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.nature.com)
        
       | code51 wrote:
       | So obvious that it makes you question the effectiveness of
       | medical research.
       | 
       | The association between mitral valve prolapse and anxiety is
       | well-known. However this physical difference is completely
       | ignored when it's mild. In the general population, mild prolapse
       | is seen as a common thing.
       | 
       | However there are also diseases caused by genetic mutations which
       | cause both mitral valve changes and also a whole set of body
       | problems including chronic pain, elasticity, vascular problems
       | etc. The underlying causes are so under-researched that an easily
       | fixable problem tied to a gene becomes a progressive disease over
       | a lifetime which is damn hard to diagnose. You suddenly see that
       | too few resources are dedicated to actually understand and solve
       | medical problems instead of treating symptoms when they get
       | severe.
       | 
       | Plus... coffee is a pretty good way to kick off anxiety and we
       | know it for at least a century I guess.
        
         | haswell wrote:
         | > _So obvious that it makes you question the effectiveness of
         | medical research._
         | 
         | The point of medical research - especially the kind that seems
         | obvious - is not just to discover new things, but to confirm
         | what we think is obvious really, indeed, is obvious, and this
         | isn't always the conclusion of such research.
        
       | pizza wrote:
       | The body generates a hurricane of consciously-interpretable
       | signals. A lot of people can agree with "anxiety can come from
       | the body", but I think it's worth going further - anxiety can be
       | _computed_ , all over the body, and then the brain is a bit of an
       | internet/routing hub itself for all those messages.
        
       | roywiggins wrote:
       | > It's possible, he says, that this heart-brain loop evolved to
       | help animals process danger signals more quickly: when the animal
       | sees a potential threat, even before the brain can fully process
       | what the situation means, the heart rate rises, essentially
       | telling the brain that it should be worried.
       | 
       | I suppose, but how does the information about danger get from the
       | eyes to the heart to the brain faster than from the eyes to the
       | brain?
        
         | lubujackson wrote:
         | Brain is still in charge - I think the key is bypassing
         | consciousness and reacting sub-consciously. Which makes sense,
         | your body will starts releasing adrenaline before you ever
         | think "oh no!"
        
       | graderjs wrote:
       | Yes that's why yoga is so good at calming you down and making you
       | healthy. It soothes and calms the parasympathetic nervous system,
       | and helps relieve and release many held tensions in the body.
       | 
       | It's no good just to do meditation and calm your mind if your
       | body and nervous system is still holding on to so much stress.
       | 
       | The body remembers many things and "embodies" many emotions. You
       | can notice this if you do part-by-part relaxation. Lie down in
       | corpse pose and close your eyes, and relax each part of your body
       | by turn. From right toes, through feet, ankles, calves, shins,
       | knees, thighs, hips. Then the left leg. Then right fingertips and
       | the rest of the right arm. Then left arm. Then abdomen. Then
       | chest. Then spine. Then head.
       | 
       | The more granular you go with relaxing each part of the anatomy,
       | the more intense (and longer in duration) it is. [E.g. in feet
       | you can do: relax each toe, toe nail, first joint of the big toe,
       | ball of the big toe, next toe. Then soul of the foot. Then inner
       | side of the foot. Then outer side. Then top of the foot. Then
       | inside the foot. Bones and joints in the foot. Muslces and
       | tendons in the foot. Nerves of the foot. Skin of the foot.] Relax
       | each part. Let of any tension in each part. And move on.
       | 
       | Anyway, you can just do a level of anatomical granularity you are
       | comfortable with. But what you will probably notice is that as
       | you go over your body doing this, your mind will wander, and
       | stuff you hadn't thought about the entire day (or longer) will
       | come up. Some annoying or painful or traumatic moment or whatever
       | will arise, as you hit on some particular body part. And it will
       | interrupt your relaxation. So you just stay with it, and then
       | keep going, relaxing your body. Skeptical folks will probably
       | doubt that there's a correlation between a body part and a
       | "stored" emotion or experience, but in that case I encourage you
       | to try it. Relaxing the body in this way really relieves and
       | releases many things stored in it, that without bringing
       | awareness to them in this way, you would not have realized.
        
         | bitL wrote:
         | Wouldn't a nicotine patch to sync para- and sympathetic systems
         | help?
        
           | graderjs wrote:
           | I don't know. Nicotine can produce that intense relaxation.
           | But why take a toxin for what you can get with just your body
           | and some intelligent practices? All upside. Except it takes
           | effort! :) But the longer term effects are way better for
           | yoga than nicotine. Those two paths diverge pretty quickly by
           | a lot I think.
        
             | winnit wrote:
             | Nicotine is only toxic in high doses, which naturally
             | greatly exceed that which you get from a patch. You could
             | say the same thing about basically anything; say someone
             | recommended eating a banana to cure cramps. Potassium is
             | also toxic in high doses. I agree yoga is a great practice
             | but that doesn't exclude the beneficial effects nicotine
             | can provide. For example, I can chew nicotine gum during
             | exams but I can't do yoga.
        
         | time_to_smile wrote:
         | > It's no good just to do meditation and calm your mind if your
         | body and nervous system is still holding on to so much stress.
         | 
         | I just want to point out that for nearly all of its history
         | yoga is _primarily_ about meditation, with the asanas being
         | preliminary, quickly covered material in most classic texts.
         | 
         | The Yoga Sutras of Patanjali are a good reference for anyone
         | curious (though the sections on the siddhis is... interesting).
        
         | mrtesthah wrote:
         | That's actually not what the paper is saying. It's only
         | comparing heart rate changes to anxiety.
        
         | huehehue wrote:
         | > It soothes and calms the parasympathetic nervous system
         | 
         | Wouldn't you want to stimulate the parasympathetic nervous
         | system? Not calm it?
        
           | graderjs wrote:
           | Hehe. The linguist has identified a distinction. Whatever
           | works for you: maybe some stimulation, maybe some relaxation.
           | :)
           | 
           | We calm it and maybe it isn't active. We stimulate it and
           | then it's relaxing us. I see what you're saying.
           | 
           | Is there another side to it? Isn't _calm_ and _soothed_ a
           | form of stimulation? An active, easy coherence?
           | 
           | Maybe we don't want to be over-stimulated. Stimulated in the
           | right way creates coherence, in the wrong way, chaos. We can
           | be calm--and active. Or we can be stimulated--and uneasy.
           | 
           | You don't have to worry that it won't be stimulated in the
           | right way when it's calmed and soothed: it will be. And
           | that's what you want.
           | 
           | So, I don't think you can go wrong with a calm and soothed
           | parasympathetic nervous system. That's the way to go. For me,
           | soothes and calms is coherence. And that's good for your
           | body, and good for you, it's what you'll feel when you do
           | yoga.
        
             | anubiskhan wrote:
             | I would argue that the verb forms of calm and sooth connote
             | stimulation, whereas the adjective form of calm might be a
             | lack of stimuli. I'm not sure there is a present tense
             | adjective form of sooth? But certainly one might say, "this
             | music is very calming" so in that case the stimulus is
             | causing the non-stimulated (by my definition) state...
             | Offsetting the anxiety causing stimuli? I am neither a
             | linguist nor a medical professional, but you got me
             | thinking! Thanks.
             | 
             | Someone smarter than me please let me know :D
        
           | fidrelity wrote:
           | I think the non-scientific explanation is that with
           | conditions such as anxiety and chronic stress it's
           | consistently engaged, but only slightly (like background
           | noise).
           | 
           | You need to fully stimulate it for it to relax afterwards.
           | That can also be accomplished with breathing exercises, ice
           | baths, etc.
        
             | graderjs wrote:
             | _That can also be accomplished with breathing exercises,
             | ice baths, etc._
             | 
             | Or yoga...That stretching! And posture.
        
             | mrtesthah wrote:
             | The parasympathetic nervous system is a control mechanism
             | over the sympathetic nervous system. When the latter is
             | stimulated, you become anxious and excited. When the former
             | is stimulated, it tamps down on the latter, causing you to
             | relax. Either one or the other is active.
             | 
             | "Relaxing" the parasympathetic system would therefore free
             | the sympathetic nervous system to activate more strongly,
             | thereby making you _more_ anxious.
             | 
             | It's distracting and disorienting when people appropriate
             | medical and scientific language to explain their internal
             | experience of the world. One is measured through
             | experiment, the other through direct perception.
        
       | sirsinsalot wrote:
       | I experience my digestive processes as anxiety.
       | 
       | There's no reason for it, but for whatever reason it triggers
       | anxiety.
       | 
       | I can't explain beyond that, and I'm very familiar with my own
       | conscious anxieties and triggers outside this.
       | 
       | It just is that.
        
       | zacharyvoase wrote:
       | People with anxiety could have told you this :)
        
         | can16358p wrote:
         | Exactly. I have anxiety and panic attacks. When my heart beats
         | faster for whatever reason, it triggers anxiety and in more
         | extreme cases, panic attack. It's kind of obvious, really.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | I certainly would start feeling anxious if my heart rate
           | increased almost 50% for no discernible reason.
        
             | corobo wrote:
             | Same happens whenever it dips too, and if it stops
             | completely you get a feeling of "impending doom" (infinite
             | anxiety haha). For example using adenosine to turn the
             | heart off and on again if it's acting wonky.
             | 
             | Maybe just messing with the heart causes anxiety lol. Brain
             | there like "wait, I didn't tell you to do that.. red
             | alert!"
        
           | cj wrote:
           | And it often compounds.
           | 
           | E.g. I have hyperhydrosis (excessive sweating). When my hands
           | start sweating (for no good reason), I get anxious especially
           | when around people expecting a handshake, which makes me more
           | anxious which makes the hand sweating worse.
           | 
           | (If anyone suffers from the same re: sweating, ask you doctor
           | about glycopyrrolate - it's one of those drugs that is
           | completely life changing for anyone with excessive sweating
           | and with minimal/tolerable side effects)
           | 
           | Propranolol is also a godsend for anxiety (also with minimal
           | side effects, unlike benzos , etc)
        
             | can16358p wrote:
             | Yup. Just thinking about panic attack getting worse or
             | experiencing any of the effects like sweating or pounding
             | heart (regardless of the cause) starts a bad positive
             | feedback loop (more panic, more sweat/heart pounding, then
             | more panic because of that) until the doom/derealization
             | and fight-or-flight kicks in. I can easily call that
             | feeling "the worst/most frightening experience ever" in my
             | whole life.
        
         | mecsred wrote:
         | People in general will tell you a lot of things. We're wrong
         | most of the time, that's why we do studies.
        
       | ehPReth wrote:
       | I hope they can one day just dial down my anxiety... benzos are
       | nice, but you become dependant on them and increasingly require
       | more after a while :/
        
         | whalesalad wrote:
         | breathwork and meditation is very powerful
        
         | spython wrote:
         | There are actually exercises where you imagine a dial, like a
         | volume knob, and imagine dialing the emotion that you want to
         | regulate down a bit. The astonishing thing is, it works quite
         | well!
        
           | corobo wrote:
           | I picture sliders like on an audio mixing desk haha. Always
           | good to see you're not (the only one who is) crazy!
        
       | JohnBooty wrote:
       | I didn't even know that this was a matter of debate.
       | 
       | I had moderately serious heart problem (atrial murmur, sort of
       | the less-serious cousin of afib/atrial fibrilation) and it was
       | _extremely_ clear to me that whatever was happening in my chest
       | was also directly spiking my feelings of anxiety.
       | 
       | To be clear, I mean a direct heart->anxiety link, as opposed to
       | "I'm thinking about my heart problem and therefore my anxiety is
       | spiking" indirect link. On an experiential level it was _very,
       | very_ distinct from, say, being stressed out because your toenail
       | hurts.
       | 
       | I realize that I'm a sample of one, and self-diagnosing phenomena
       | like that is not particularly reliable. However, it was so
       | crystal clear to me that I would consider it something close to
       | truth and would place the burden of proof on anybody looking to
       | claim otherwise.
       | 
       | There would certainly seem to be a significant biological
       | advantage there, to having certain biological situations (pain,
       | etc) cause a spike in corisol etc directly, as opposed to relying
       | on the slower and less reliable processing our wonderful brains
       | can provide. Especially in species with far simpler brains than
       | humans.
        
         | memco wrote:
         | Indeed! There's so much overlap between the symptoms of chronic
         | kidney disease[0] and anxiety[1] it would be difficult to know
         | which is which.
         | 
         | [0]: https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/kidney-
         | disease/... [1]:
         | https://www.nimh.nih.gov/health/topics/anxiety-disorders
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | AeroNotix wrote:
         | I have GERD.
         | 
         | Prior to properly getting diagnosed I went through a bunch of
         | tests and episodes because the sensations manifested as heart-
         | attack-like symptoms. I can tell you the anxiety produced was,
         | ... palpable.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | That much have been an ordeal. A sibling poster posted about
           | a friend having a very similar experience.
        
           | aszantu wrote:
           | see gutsense.org, maybe it helps.
           | 
           | also helped me to eat more gelatine (one teaspoon in the
           | morning), seemingly the body can work these amino acids very
           | fast and it sounds crazy but I felt the effects within a day.
           | The main problem didn't go away for a long time, but a lot of
           | small side issues went away.
        
         | orgels_revenge wrote:
         | Eat potassium and chelated magnesium
        
         | adversaryIdiot wrote:
         | Are you saying that once I get my Aortic valve replacement that
         | I'll be less anxious?
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | Most importantly: best wishes. I'm sure you've been through a
           | looooot. I hope there are brighter days ahead.
           | 
           | Does your current valve situation cause an elevated heart
           | rate, presumably because your heart is is compensating for
           | not pumping as _efficiently_ as it should?
           | 
           | I had a different issue and I'm extremely unqualified to have
           | an opinion here, but based on my personal experience I'd be
           | willing to put down a pretty decent sum of money on a bet
           | that lowering your heart rate will reduce your anxiety
           | directly.
           | 
           | (And then you'll of course have lower stress in general I
           | should think, because you won't be worrying about the
           | upcoming valve replacement and all the uncertainly
           | surrounding a major operation. But that part is pretty clear,
           | I would think)
           | 
           | Good luck!
        
             | cauthon wrote:
             | Bradycardia is more commonly associated with aortic valve
             | regurgitation or stenosis, not tachycardia.
             | 
             | My understanding is that the heart compensates for the
             | dysfunctional valve by attempting to pump a greater volume
             | with each stroke.
        
             | adversaryIdiot wrote:
             | Yeah, I discovered it by trying to figure out why my
             | resting heart rate and blood pressure was higher than it
             | should be for an athletic person. Used to take beta
             | blockers to slow things down (Which I do wanna say made me
             | more calm). Turns out the medication was causing more
             | damage, ACE inhibitors would have been better. Right now
             | I'm not taking anything.
             | 
             | Just getting tests every 6 months and waiting for the time
             | to come. I have fine resting heart rate around 70bpm and
             | 130 blood pressure avg. (These numbers went down after
             | college)
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | hinkley wrote:
         | I have a friend with panic attacks and she was pretty much the
         | last one in our circle of friends to figure out that stomach
         | distress was triggering attacks. The Vagus nerve is a puppet
         | master and it can fuck with your sense of well-being on a good
         | day, but if you have an adrenal disorder, good fucking luck.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | stomach distress was triggering attacks. The Vagus nerve is
           | a puppet master and it can fuck with your sense of well-being
           | on a good day
           | 
           | This rings true. I had one actual panic attack in my life and
           | it was absolutely wild and confusing.
           | 
           | For the life of me, I couldn't figure out what caused it. I
           | certainly was not particularly mentally stressed out that
           | day. I'm not even really anxious in general compared to
           | others. I am middle aged and have had a lot of acutely
           | stressful days _without_ panic attacks, and also just... a
           | lot of days in general... so I can 't imagine why an
           | unstressful day lead to one.
           | 
           | It certainly didn't feel like it originated within my brain.
           | It felt like my body was triggering it. It felt like an
           | incident in the past when I was diagnosed with acute
           | pericarditis and nearly died. However, when I went to the ER
           | following the panic attack, they found nothing physically
           | wrong on the EKG.
           | 
           | Of course, we are not necessarily biologically or cognitively
           | well-equipped to self-diagnose "why" our brains are feeling a
           | particular thing. But nonetheless whether it was my vagus
           | nerve or something else, it certainly felt like it originated
           | outside of my mind.
        
         | kayodelycaon wrote:
         | As far as I know, it isn't. I have anxiety as part of the
         | bipolar package. And every psychiatrist I've had says that
         | increased blood pressure can trigger anxiety.
         | 
         | They can both feel like tightness in the chest and from what I
         | was told, the brain isn't good at separating signals. So your
         | body feeling anxious leads to your brain feeling anxious. It's
         | a wonderful cycle. Throw in asthma for more fun. Now you have
         | three possible problems that can all trigger each other! Get
         | sick and feel short of breath? Now you have four! Aren't bodies
         | fun? :D
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | That's a wild package. You are dealing with a lot. I hope you
           | are able to step back and give yourself credit once in a
           | while for dealing with so much. The world is full of secret
           | superheroes, mustering up a lot of strength and ingenuity to
           | get through their days. You are one of them.
           | 
           | No bipolar here but for years I struggled with asthma for
           | years. It is quite the addition to the whole anxiety mix. It
           | definitely took me quite a while to figure out I was dealing
           | with a heart issue, because the symptoms were really similar
           | to asthma.
        
             | kayodelycaon wrote:
             | > The world is full of secret superheroes, mustering up a
             | lot of strength and ingenuity to get through their days.
             | 
             | I know you mean well, but I don't like being thought of as
             | a superhero. It defines me by my limitations and hold me up
             | as something exceptional. I actually find this to be quite
             | harmful. :(
             | 
             | Consider this: I only need to be exceptional because
             | society would not allow me to be successful otherwise.
             | There are many others with my disability who aren't.
             | 
             | It borders on the edge of inspiration porn[1].
             | 
             | 1:
             | https://www.forbes.com/sites/andrewpulrang/2019/11/29/how-
             | to...
             | 
             | I hope my comment isn't too harsh. It's been a long day. :)
        
       | mjfl wrote:
       | lack of anxiety is actually one of the measures of brain damage
       | in mice.
        
         | sirsinsalot wrote:
         | BRB, grabbing a hammer.
        
       | ahoho wrote:
       | > "It was a chicken-and-egg question that has been the subject of
       | debate for a century," says Karl Deisseroth, a neuroscientist at
       | Stanford University in California
       | 
       | Huh, I'd have said this idea was already well-established. I'm
       | curious how this finding is different than the existing evidence
       | that bodily sensations can influence emotions. I mean, I can't be
       | the only one who feels anxious when I've had too many cups of
       | coffee or ate something funny
        
       | pessimizer wrote:
       | Anxiety is only ever created by the body. I understand the
       | experiment, but I don't understand what this headline is supposed
       | to mean. I think somebody is letting their liberal arts leak into
       | their science.
       | 
       | External things don't cause anxiety. Anxiety often occurs as a
       | reaction to external things. Of course anxiety might be caused by
       | a faster heartbeat; one of the symptoms of anxiety is a faster
       | heartbeat. You can also cause it with injections of adrenaline,
       | or amphetamines. Lack of oxygen works, too.
       | 
       | Maybe this seems profound because the mice can't explain their
       | feelings?
        
       | nick__m wrote:
       | It was already know that the peptide fragment CCK-4 reliably
       | causes sever panic panic attack when administered in doses of 50
       | mg. And CCK4 is fragment of an hormone produced by the duodenum.
       | 
       | If the small intestine can trigger a panic attack, it's not that
       | surprising that other organs can also create anxiety.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | awestroke wrote:
       | Is there maybe some kind of link between the body and the brain,
       | perhaps? /s
        
       | code_duck wrote:
       | I had anxiety for years, coming and going unpredictably. Not
       | being worried -about- something realistic, just a very jittery
       | feeling paired with brain fog, concentration problems and mood
       | swings. Eventually I was diagnosed with Celiac disease and I
       | almost never feel that way any longer, except when I'm
       | accidentally exposed to gluten.
        
       | amelius wrote:
       | Yes, as a bruxism sufferer, I know that relaxing the jaw has a
       | calming effect.
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | How do you relax your jaw. I have bruxism and can't seem to
         | relax it ever.
        
           | amelius wrote:
           | Relax the throat. Your throat muscles are in a constant
           | battle with your masseter muscles to keep the jaw stabile.
        
       | francisofascii wrote:
       | This could explain what is happening with long covid. Many
       | sufferers (including me) complain about feeling anxious and
       | stressed, along with insomnia. We assume it is from the worry of
       | being sick or having to deal with life. But maybe myocarditis
       | which is common with Covid is causing the anxiety and insomnia.
       | Suffers need sleep and the removal of stress to heal, so people
       | are stuck in an endless loop.
        
       | bobblywobbles wrote:
       | Yes! And if you have problems with anxiety, it may be helpful to
       | simulate your vagus nerve to help calm your body down. Taking
       | cold showers, massaging your ear, eating probiotics are all
       | things that I've personally been doing and I feel a general
       | improvement of my own anxious feelings. It's such an
       | easy/accessible way to manage anxiety; I would think it should be
       | more mainstream.
        
       | time_to_smile wrote:
       | It's remarkable how deeply ingrained in our worldview mind/body
       | dualism is, even though I think on paper most people _don 't_
       | accept this as an axiom.
       | 
       | If anxiety is not created by the body where does it originate
       | from? extra terrestrial beings? the immortal soul? purely in our
       | surrounding environment?
       | 
       | All of these (except the third option) require pretty impressive
       | assumptions to even be a workable hypothesis.
        
       | renewiltord wrote:
       | Makes sense. On days I skip eating for the whole day I will get a
       | sense of impending doom later in the day. Just "something is
       | going to really badly somewhere!"
        
         | sirsinsalot wrote:
         | When I over trained and under ate, it caused such existential
         | doom ... words can't explain.
        
       | cududa wrote:
       | I've had anxiety my whole life. Tried CBT, therapy, medication,
       | everything.
       | 
       | Eventually got diagnosed with a congenital heart disease. Turns
       | out, when your heart is behaving in a way that mirrors symptoms
       | of anxiety, your brain decides you're anxious. Your brain just
       | picks something to be anxious about, because there's no mental
       | reason for anxiety.
       | 
       | Within a week of being on the heart meds my anxiety mostly
       | disappeared. Still get anxious from time to time, but over actual
       | things and it's manageable. But, was really a life changer
        
       | jedberg wrote:
       | Ah, another "bad medical thing found! .... in mice".
        
         | mynameisvlad wrote:
         | > Mice and rats have long served as the preferred species for
         | biomedical research animal models due to their anatomical,
         | physiological, and genetic similarity to humans. Advantages of
         | rodents include their small size, ease of maintenance, short
         | life cycle, and abundant genetic resources.
         | 
         | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987984/
         | 
         | It's almost as if research is done on mice _on purpose_. Of
         | course you 're going to see new discoveries, positive or
         | negative, come out of studies involving the most widely used
         | test subject on the planet.
        
           | zug_zug wrote:
           | I think the iron-man argument is -- wouldn't it be much less
           | a waste of everybody's time here if we never posted mice
           | articles, and only waited until they go to the human stage to
           | share/discuss them?
           | 
           | Of course it's a free community, people are welcome to post
           | and upvote whatever they like, still we do have cultural
           | norms here around high signal/noise and I understand the
           | sentiment.
        
             | mynameisvlad wrote:
             | I mean, that's the entire purpose of the algorithm and
             | downvoting things. Our "cultural norms" are to downvote and
             | ignore if something doesn't interest us. Not to explicitly
             | whine about something being posted in the first place.
             | 
             | Does a comment complaining about the high signal/noise
             | ratio do anything but discourage discussion?
        
           | jedberg wrote:
           | And in a lot of cases, these headlines talk about some
           | amazing discovery, only for it to not actually apply to
           | humans.
        
             | kerowak wrote:
             | I'm not sure what your objection is. The article pretty
             | clearly qualifies its assertions that this phenomenon is
             | observed _in mice._ Are you saying there is no possible way
             | that these results could be recapitulated in humans?
        
               | jedberg wrote:
               | I'm saying that we see article after article about
               | breakthrough findings in mice, only to find out later
               | that it doesn't apply to humans, and therefore findings
               | in mice aren't particularly interesting news.
        
               | pazimzadeh wrote:
               | Except when they do apply to humans. For example,
               | intracellular bacterial communities formed by
               | uropathogenic E. coli were observed in mice before
               | humans.
        
             | Teever wrote:
             | Does this generality apply to this specific situation? Do
             | you even know?
             | 
             | Does the generic 'yah but it sez in mouse' really add
             | anything to the conversation?
             | 
             | I'd love to hear from an expert on the subject, thats why
             | I'm on HN.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | layman51 wrote:
       | This is pretty interesting finding. I think the idea that the
       | body itself can produce emotions has been around for a while. I
       | remember an essay by William James about this.[0]
       | 
       | [0]: https://www.themarginalian.org/2016/01/11/what-is-an-
       | emotion...
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-03-03 23:01 UTC)