[HN Gopher] The SPAC Fad Is Ending in a Pile of Bankruptcies and...
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       The SPAC Fad Is Ending in a Pile of Bankruptcies and Fire Sales
        
       Author : fairytalemtg
       Score  : 71 points
       Date   : 2023-03-01 20:52 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.bloomberg.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.bloomberg.com)
        
       | mikeodds wrote:
       | Another worthwhile watch from the SPAC king Chamath
       | 
       | https://twitter.com/silvermanjacob/status/159505980620064358...
       | 
       | It seems insane to me these people dump on retail and their
       | followers and continue to stand up in public.
        
         | pavlov wrote:
         | For these people it's always someone else's fault. Everything
         | would have worked out if nefarious elites hadn't interfered, or
         | if some of their followers hadn't been so weak-willed.
         | 
         | But next time it's going to be perfect. The establishment will
         | be foiled and everybody on our side will have diamond hands. So
         | get in now, be early on the next wave, buy now before everyone
         | else discovers this, etc. Rinse, repeat... SPACs, penny stocks,
         | crypto, MLM pyramids, it's all the same story.
        
           | GauntletWizard wrote:
           | The really funny thing is, these guys hang out with and to a
           | large extent are the nefarious elites. But that's sorta
           | unsurprising; It's all based on capture and lock-in and bets
           | on who will win the game of politics. Actual usefulness,
           | financial solvency, and value-creation have limited effect
           | here; Human decency is a direct liability.
        
         | par wrote:
         | Really unfortunate that a lot of crypto was just these rich
         | dudes pumping and dumping, and all getting together to perform
         | rug pulls on a bunch of 'retail investors'.
        
         | trompetenaccoun wrote:
         | It's like in any other space. The majority of participants have
         | no idea what goes on and are played for suckers.
        
         | lotsofpulp wrote:
         | The public is free to invest in SP500. I assume people buying
         | into SPACs were/are hoping that a greater fool comes along and
         | they will not be left holding the bag.
        
       | olliej wrote:
       | I'd like to know what the failure rate for the regular IPO path
       | is as well, and the article doesn't include that comparison.
       | 
       | That said the failure reasons (cost of operations exceeding
       | revenue, debt availability, excessively "optimistic" growth
       | predictions, etc) are all things that do show up in the audits
       | and financial documents go with an IPO, with the ability to file
       | fraud claims on the company and execs if the financial documents
       | and prospectus are false. The SPAC model removes the financial
       | reporting requirements and seems to provide significant liability
       | shields not present in the IPO path, so if nothing else it
       | creates an incentive structure for actual fraud to use them.
        
         | a4isms wrote:
         | Not just a direct incentive for fraud, "speculative
         | exaggeration," and "being economical with the truth," but an
         | indirect one too. If you have a fairly reasonable business and
         | want to go SPAC, you are competing for investor dollars with
         | all the corrupt shills. You either stretch credulity yourself
         | to raise money, or you won't raise funds.
         | 
         | It's a market for lemons.
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Market_for_Lemons
        
           | paganel wrote:
           | > https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Market_for_Lemons
           | 
           | Looking at the "Critical reception" section on that wiki
           | page, meaning this part:
           | 
           | > while the reviewers for Journal of Political Economy
           | rejected it as incorrect, arguing that, if this paper were
           | correct, then no goods could be traded.
           | 
           | I can't see how that basic observation is not taken into
           | account anymore. More exactly, 50 years from when that study
           | was published we still have a well functioning used car
           | market in pretty much the majority of the world countries,
           | which would contradict the main point made by said study. Is
           | there anything else that escapes me? Why did people in the
           | economics profession fall for this study? Was it because of
           | the maths?
        
             | morelisp wrote:
             | > Is there anything else that escapes me?
             | 
             | "The market can stay irrational longer than you can put off
             | buying a car."
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | The paper speaks to markets where there is strong
             | information asymmetry, not all markets, and it doesn't
             | follow that no good can be traded, it simply says that in
             | such a market, people will hold goods they feel have actual
             | value and trade those that don't.
             | 
             | Even in such a market for lemons, that doesn't mean no
             | lemons will be traded, it means that buyers price
             | everything like a lemon, and we still have a functioning
             | market.
             | 
             | I don't know about the whole world, but up here in Canada
             | the used car market is exactly like this. Nobody trusts
             | that guy with a small lot who operates out of a portable,
             | so they won't pay good money for anything he sells. So he
             | has no incentive to sell good cars.
             | 
             | I bought a used car... From a dealer, and I have a factory
             | warranty on it. That's a market where there is less
             | information asymmetry: I know the dealer was required to
             | bring the car up to a certain level of service for it to
             | qualify for the factory warranty, and I know that if it
             | breaks down, I can get it serviced.
             | 
             | Cars that don't meet this standard are sold by dealers too,
             | but you can't get a factory warranty, and they are priced
             | accordingly. They might be good, but if a car meets the
             | standard for a factory warranty, what dealer would offer it
             | without that warranty, just to deal with customers who are
             | skeptical of its reliability?
             | 
             | A market for lemons is still a market, and it finds an
             | equilibrium where the lemon-ness gets priced into
             | transactions. People certainly can and do trade lemons.
        
               | paganel wrote:
               | > A market for lemons is still a market, and it finds an
               | equilibrium where the lemon-ness gets priced into
               | transactions.
               | 
               | Yes, I agree, and I think that's related to the
               | accusation of "triviality" made by some of the reviewers.
               | If the "lemon-ness" is already priced in, then where's
               | the thing that would make this theory special?
               | 
               | > I don't know about the whole world, but up here in
               | Canada
               | 
               | I'm from Eastern Europe where the second-hard market is
               | relatively more important compared to Western countries
               | for objective reasons, but as far as I can tell there are
               | lots of people purchasing SH cars in North America from
               | the likes of Craigslist and FB Market (more recently)
               | without any mention of warranties and the like. Those
               | markets are highly functional.
        
           | inamberclad wrote:
           | Wouldn't an investor want a company to be undervalued at IPO?
           | Buy in early and low, and wait for the market to realize the
           | true value.
        
             | a4isms wrote:
             | I was speaking to the pressure on businesses to inflate
             | their promises, which drives real businesses out of the
             | market, leaving only unicorn dreams and pixie dust
             | prospectuses.
             | 
             | If you are raising funds, you are telling investors you
             | have value, and that the IPO price is early and low. But if
             | it's a market for investments, then everybody else with a
             | SPAC is saying the same thing, and if they're selling pixie
             | dust and unicorn dreams, they are promising even greater
             | returns than you are if you're trying to run a "real
             | business."
             | 
             | You either get in on the reality distortion field, or get
             | washed out.
        
         | JumpCrisscross wrote:
         | > _seems to provide significant liability shields not present
         | in the IPO_
         | 
         | Less liability shield than a lack of information for which to
         | be liable. If I have a magic-bean startup and am asked if it
         | cures cancer, an IPO forces me to say yes or no. A SPAC lets me
         | shrug and wink and launch into a speech on why cancer is bad.
        
       | fairity wrote:
       | For those curious in learning more about how SPAC's work and the
       | associated costs & returns for various stakeholders, I found this
       | paper to be pretty comprehensive:
       | https://site.warrington.ufl.edu/ritter/files/SPACs.pdf
        
       | pbreit wrote:
       | Was there anything inherently bad about the SPAC approach or did
       | it mostly just attract lousy users?
        
         | VLM wrote:
         | It was an initially very profitable but thin market, so returns
         | went hard negative very fast once the market was cleared.
         | 
         | So the usual behavior, the first entrants make a ton of money,
         | then the rest of wall street piles in behind them, although the
         | market of "good deals" emptied out really quickly so returns
         | rapidly went from very positive to very negative.
         | 
         | Its literally an inflation situation although instead of too
         | much consumer money chasing too few consumer goods, its too
         | much capital chasing too few good deals.
        
         | mikestew wrote:
         | I think it better to ask, "what is the value-add of a SPAC over
         | traditional IPO?" Because there's an existing channel to take a
         | company public, why all this hinky backdoor runaround? To
         | summarize what sibling comments illustrate, lots of bars get
         | lowered (due diligence, et. al.) for a SPAC.
         | 
         | As an individual investor, ask yourself, "why would such a
         | solid company need lower barriers to going public?" And after
         | you answer that question for yourself, you stay the hell away
         | from such things. Because those things are not meant to enrich
         | _you_.
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | A combination of lower due diligence requirements and high
         | (effective) fees meant that companies that _could_ go a more
         | traditional IPO path usually preferred that path. The leftovers
         | were mostly the duds.
         | 
         | It was kind of a market for lemons:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Market_for_Lemons
        
       | joncp wrote:
       | https://archive.is/ZfZkN
        
       | noizejoy wrote:
       | It may not be entirely coincidental that a lot of financial
       | carnage is happening just after the large scale printing of money
       | (quantitative easing) stopped, interest rates started rising and
       | borrowing money became no longer almost free (for the wealthy).
       | 
       | Arguably numerous "new" financial constructs only worked with
       | free money. Meme stocks, crypto, SPACs and very large VC funding
       | may have needed all that free money to "work"?
       | 
       | So maybe we're just returning to more traditional financial
       | investment patterns?
       | 
       | Some or all of those financial constructs probably still have
       | their place on a much reduced scale in more specific contexts.
       | But it's no longer guaranteed free money.
       | 
       | I'm assuming that there are quite a few PhDs and other books in
       | the works that will analyze those connections/dependencies in
       | considerable detail.
        
         | airstrike wrote:
         | To add to that list of factors: it's also the end of the
         | decades-long ride in Technology stocks which drove a lot of
         | FOMO sentiment that made that money so easily available...
         | nobody wanted to miss out on the next Facebook, the next Uber,
         | the next Airbnb, the next Theranos--wait
         | 
         | The quality of the assets for these moonshot unicorns declined
         | over time (IMHO partially because they were increasingly moving
         | away from pure-bits to bits-and-atoms, making business cases
         | much harder to execute and expensive to fund) and then the
         | macro backdrop soured and here we are
         | 
         | Bonus: here's what StableDiffusion drew for "A dream of
         | moonshot unicorns, 4k trending artstation" because why not...
         | https://i.stack.imgur.com/sFxIw.png
        
         | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
         | I'm looking forward to companies that actually have viable
         | product ideas.
         | 
         | When money is tight, you are less likely to throw it at an AI-
         | powered cheese-straightener, just because the founder did a
         | great TEDx talk.
        
         | civilized wrote:
         | Meme stocks are the weirdest part of it for me. GameStop is
         | still priced several times the pre-meme value.
        
           | TinyRick wrote:
           | The company is also in a much better financial position than
           | it was pre-meme. They took advantage of their insanely valued
           | share price in mid-2021 and performed an at-the-market equity
           | offering which allowed them to pay off loans and improve
           | their balance sheet significantly.
        
           | filoleg wrote:
           | > GameStop is still priced several times the pre-meme value.
           | 
           | As long as it keeps going on its current trajectory, it won't
           | stay above the pre-meme value for much longer.
        
       | afandian wrote:
       | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Special-purpose_acquisition_co...
        
       | aruanavekar wrote:
       | 2021 counts were huge, but low on value
       | https://www.spacinsider.com/data/stats
        
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       (page generated 2023-03-01 23:00 UTC)