[HN Gopher] Dried Lake Reveals New Statue on Easter Island
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       Dried Lake Reveals New Statue on Easter Island
        
       Author : Brajeshwar
       Score  : 73 points
       Date   : 2023-03-01 16:34 UTC (6 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.smithsonianmag.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.smithsonianmag.com)
        
       | behnamoh wrote:
       | > 2000 miles off the coast of Chilli.
       | 
       | I wonder how did the ancient people get there? I find it hard to
       | believe that they just got on boats heading east deep into the
       | largest ocean on the planet hoping that they would find an
       | island? Unless of course, they were already there and humans'
       | history dates way back (i.e., before the island shifted east due
       | to tectonic plates movements)?
       | 
       | The island does not have much resources either, so how could they
       | survive? Did they cut down all the trees to use and rails for
       | these huge pieces of stone? And why can we only see the heads,
       | not the entire body buried under the ground?
        
         | danans wrote:
         | > I find it hard to believe that they just got on boats heading
         | east deep into the largest ocean on the planet hoping that they
         | would find an island?
         | 
         | Considering that they did exactly that in order to colonize all
         | of Polynesia, it wasn't a belief without solid priors. They had
         | gotten pretty good at picking up signs of land, like by
         | watching migrating birds. Also, many of them probably tried and
         | failed to find new land. We can only see the successes in what
         | were likely many attempts.
        
           | AlecSchueler wrote:
           | It's not 'exactly that' though, as they had clues to where
           | there might be land, star bases navigation systems etc
           | 
           | In a sense it's still based on luck but it's far removed from
           | choosing a direction and hoping for the best.
        
         | reactspa wrote:
         | Polynesians are Asian in origin.
         | 
         | Easter Islanders are believed to be Polynesian.
         | 
         | Here's a strange thing: there's some Asian-origin DNA in some
         | of the indigenous people of Latin American. For some strange
         | reason this is not discussed much.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | It is discussed though, people write articles about it and
           | very recently more evidence seems to support it. The sweet
           | potato could also be supporting evidence for some contact.
           | 
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pre-Columbian_trans-
           | oceanic_co...
        
             | selimthegrim wrote:
             | Datura metel is another one.
        
           | tmn wrote:
           | What's strange about that? It seems pretty likely(i'm not
           | even saying it's true, just intuitive), that indigenous
           | american and south america peoples are more closely related
           | with east Asian folk than with indo European or African folk.
           | Due to visual similarities as well as conceivable migration
           | routes.
        
         | aeyes wrote:
         | The first settlers most likely made it to Rapa Nui from East
         | Polynesia, this trip has been done in 19 days in a replica
         | canoe in 1975.
         | 
         | The island used to be almost completely covered by a forest, it
         | got deforested over time. Initially it wouldn't have been hard
         | to survive, there are lakes and caves with drinkable water and
         | you can easily catch fish, there were also several species of
         | land and sea birds.
         | 
         | You can only see the heads in this picture because they were
         | carved out of stone hundreds of years ago and got buried by
         | sand and soil over time. Winds are very strong on the island
         | and they blow directly towards this place most afternoons, it
         | is also situated right under the crater wall of the volcano so
         | material will naturally accumulate there. If you walk down a
         | few minutes from the quarry statues lay in the ground almost
         | completely uncovered. This only happens at the quarry location,
         | many statues stand erected (or toppled over) all over the
         | island.
        
         | soperj wrote:
         | > I find it hard to believe that they just got on boats heading
         | east deep into the largest ocean on the planet hoping that they
         | would find an island?
         | 
         | At that point they would have known the island was there.
         | People with boats usually used them for fishing first.
        
         | stonemetal12 wrote:
         | I think they reference Chili because that is who claims
         | ownership of the island. The island closest to it is only 250
         | miles away.
        
         | permo-w wrote:
         | >Unless of course, they were already there and humans' history
         | dates way back (i.e., before the island shifted east due to
         | tectonic plates movements)?
         | 
         | this hypothesis' timeline is way way way off. modern humans
         | have been around on the scale of hundreds of thousands of
         | years. significant tectonic shifts are on the scale of tens of
         | millions
         | 
         | sea level changes? maybe. tectonic shifts? definitely not
        
         | oh_sigh wrote:
         | Islands may be detectable from 100+ miles away, based on how
         | they affect wave, wildlife, and cloud patterns. Rapa Nui is
         | 2000 mi from Chile, but "only" 1000 mi from Pitcairn islands,
         | which were occupied by Polynesians in ~1000AD.
         | 
         | Also, consider how many expeditions probably went out into the
         | Pacific and everyone died there. Calories are relatively easy
         | to harvest in many polynesian islands, leading cultures to send
         | excess people on expeditions to discover and colonize new
         | islands.
        
         | dghughes wrote:
         | Polynesians made it to what is now Chile in the early 1300s.
         | They left chickens there the bones were discovered in
         | archaeological digs. Chickens are are native to SE Asia. And
         | they took back sweet potatoes native to S. America which
         | appeared in SE Asia a few decades later.
        
         | swayvil wrote:
         | Seriously? Those heads have bodies?
         | 
         | I never knew.
         | 
         | So did they build them and then plant them? Or did they dig a
         | pit and then build it in the pit and then filled in the pit.
         | 
         | I suspect they were built. Then lots of time passed. Sea levels
         | changed. Sediment collected, partially burying them.
         | 
         | So ya, tons of time.
         | 
         | ---
         | 
         | Also, yr reply got strange downvotes. Maybe you hit a dogma
         | nerve.
        
         | strangeloops85 wrote:
         | You could just look this up:
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easter_Island - it's all pretty
         | well understood at this point.
         | 
         | Rapa Nui arrived between 300 and 1200CE, from eastern
         | Polynesian islands (Cook and/or Marquesas). Both genetics and
         | cultural similarities confirm this. Tectonic plate movements
         | take (hundreds of) millennia more to have a meaningful impact
         | here.
        
         | kwere wrote:
         | The Austronesian people (kinda) had ocean sailing tech before
         | the foundation of Rome (753 BC), as they settled fiji and Samoa
         | at that time. If i rember correctly they mapped the sea using
         | weaved twigs and stones in correlation to the stars.
         | 
         | Easter island is home of an ecological collapse as all trees
         | and most fauna were extinguished resulting in (necessary)
         | cannibalism
        
         | strulovich wrote:
         | Everything suggests this is what happened. Polynesian people
         | had for centuries boats that could make such voyages. It's
         | possible the original settlers got lucky/unlucky but the
         | technology needed for it existed for them.
         | 
         | There's also plenty of history showing smaller pacific islands
         | that are colonized, so it looks like living of fish and the sea
         | is possible and not a problem.
         | 
         | There's plenty of information about this in Wikipedia.
         | Alternatively, you can watch Moana.
        
         | pengaru wrote:
         | > I find it hard to believe that they just got on boats heading
         | east deep into the largest ocean on the planet hoping that they
         | would find an island?
         | 
         | Considering the historic transgressions of humans done unto
         | other humans, I find it rather easy to envision situations
         | where escaping by boat into the unknown is the most attractive
         | option.
        
       | simoneau wrote:
       | Did I miss it or is there no photo of the new statue?
        
         | dumpHero2 wrote:
         | It looks like a stone jutting out of the ground:
         | https://twitter.com/GMA/status/1630195005569523714
        
       | bombcar wrote:
       | I wonder how much it would cost today to erect an Easter Island
       | style statue (either there or anywhere).
        
         | aeyes wrote:
         | The only cost is the time it takes you to sculpt it out of the
         | rock.
         | 
         | The statues differ a lot in size so you can't easily answer
         | that question. The biggest are very close to the quarry. Many
         | didn't even make it to their final destination, they got
         | abandoned or broke on the way. The picture in the article which
         | is very common is just below the quarry, some 400 statues got
         | left there and approximately 1000 exist in total.
         | 
         | On the other side of the island some statues are only standing
         | about 1m tall while the tallest (but unfinished) statues
         | measures around 20m in height.
         | 
         | Putting the Pukao (hat) on some of the statues is also an
         | additional complexity, they were made in a different quarry.
        
           | itronitron wrote:
           | What would cause the stone statues to shrink as they move
           | further from the quarry?
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | They don't shrink, it's just that moving them was harder
             | the bigger they were, so the smallest ones got moved the
             | furthest (at least easiest).
        
             | dtgriscom wrote:
             | Smaller statues can be carried further without herniation?
        
           | mattlondon wrote:
           | Transport would also be a major cost. I don't think they are
           | entirely sure how they were moved around, but one suggestion
           | is a team of approx 20-30 men rocked/walked them to their
           | final positions (i.e. upright, two teams on either side
           | alternating pulling on ropes etc) over a period of days.
           | 
           | UK minimum wage is PS10.42/h so:
           | 
           | 10.42 * 30 men * 8 hours * 5 days = PS12,500 just for
           | delivery. That doesn't include installation costs.
        
             | cbb330 wrote:
             | UK minimum wage takes into account the current supply of
             | labor and many layers of politics / economic theory. This
             | is not comparable to the cost of labor wrt supply in
             | ancient Maori culture.
             | 
             | And disregarding the fundamental error in comparison, the
             | currency needs to be converted to the present Easter Island
             | conversion rate -- does that even exist?
             | 
             | Additionally, total cost is probably not the bottleneck.
             | These were allegedly hunter gatherer's, so TIME was more
             | precious than cost because current theory is
             | hunter/gatherer's didn't have spare time to spend on
             | statues until agriculture.
        
         | boomboomsubban wrote:
         | I'm genuinely curious what would cost the most; the stone,
         | transport, or the sculptor?
        
         | saalweachter wrote:
         | It's a different style of work, but check out Opus 40. An
         | artist bought an old slate quarry north of New York and spent
         | nearly 40 years turning it into a drystone sculpture garden.
         | 
         | One person can make something fairly impressive given enough
         | time.
        
         | OscarCunningham wrote:
         | It would depend if you had to use traditional methods or if you
         | could use modern tools. In particular if you could pour it from
         | concrete.
        
           | arthurcolle wrote:
           | No that's cheating. You get a 6.5x1.75x1.75m block of granite
           | and a small chisel, that's it
        
             | NoImmatureAdHom wrote:
             | Lol. They weren't carving granite though, it was some very
             | soft volcanic rock.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | Yeah, I'd consider carving something out of stone to be
               | the minimum, "building" one out of cast concrete or
               | whatever seems a different project.
               | 
               | I wouldn't consider the Bass Pro Shops Pyramid to be the
               | "same thing" as the Pyramids at Giza, for the same
               | reasons.
        
               | r2_pilot wrote:
               | I may be dating myself a bit here, but when I was growing
               | up I used to go see Disney on Ice shows at the Memphis
               | Pyramid rather than it being a Bass Pro Shop...
        
         | akiselev wrote:
         | There are giant CNCs [1] that can cut marble and other stone so
         | between the machine and transportation to Easter island, in the
         | ballpark of a few hundred thousand dollars. Most of that is
         | setup cost for the first one though, since a block of stone is
         | significantly cheaper than a CNC.
         | 
         | [1] https://youtube.com/watch?v=iI8OmfEK8cE
        
       | raldi wrote:
       | I wonder if, at the height of Rapa Nui civilization, their
       | average citizen knew that there were vast continents full of
       | unfathomable numbers of varied people out there, or if that
       | seemed like hokey myth and most of them believed their island was
       | the entirety of the world, or at least a significant portion
       | thereof.
        
         | CobrastanJorji wrote:
         | Well, Rapa Nui mythology speaks of the original settlers coming
         | to the island, so one presumes they mostly believed that they
         | came to the island from another, named location, so presumably
         | they believed that there were or at least had once been other
         | people somewhere.
        
           | raldi wrote:
           | My understanding is that they believed they simply came from
           | another, similar island. I wonder if they knew that the world
           | consisted of more than just a handful of tiny islands in a
           | vast ocean.
        
       | heywherelogingo wrote:
       | [flagged]
        
         | smaddox wrote:
         | Your conclusion is not supported by your premise. Reversion to
         | a mean implies convergence to a stable, unmoving equilibrium.
         | This requires that all forces are restoring forces in the
         | vicinity of that equilibrium. While Earth's climate does have
         | several restoring forces around the current equilibrium, there
         | is one force in particular that is being relatively rapidly
         | shifted away from the current equilibrium: the greenhouse
         | effect. Both simulation and observation provide evidence that
         | this force is sufficiently strong to destabilize the current
         | climate equilibrium.
        
         | TrainedMonkey wrote:
         | You are traveling towards a concrete wall at 100 mph. It's all
         | fine, we've been here before... moving at 1 mph.
         | 
         | Yes, Earth had been hotter and cooler, oceans had been higher
         | and way lower... What is objectively novel is velocity of the
         | current climate change. That is terrifying because we don't
         | know if planetary feedback mechanisms can handle that. Looking
         | at Venus, the worst case scenario is pretty bleak, but probably
         | unlikely given further distance from the sun.
        
           | Turing_Machine wrote:
           | Venus's atmosphere is 96.5% carbon dioxide, orders of
           | magnitude more than the 0.04% found on Earth.
           | 
           | Most of Earth's original CO2 is tied up in the kilometers of
           | carbonate rocks that cover a substantial portion of the
           | Earth's surface. That's not going anywhere.
        
             | TrainedMonkey wrote:
             | I would love to know more about that, what resources would
             | you recommend? Concur that mostly CO2 atmosphere is highly
             | unlikely, what do you think about melting Siberian
             | permafrost releasing localized methane and accelerating
             | melting feedback loop?
        
               | lelandfe wrote:
               | Not GP, but
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deep_carbon_cycle
        
       | triyambakam wrote:
       | Conspiracy theories are really entertaining to me, however true
       | or false they are. And there is no shortage surrounding Rapa Nui
       | and the moai. The latest I've heard is that there is a connection
       | between Gobekli Tepe and Rapa Nui.
        
         | permo-w wrote:
         | not to be instantly dismissive, but how could ruins in Turkey
         | have any connection whatsoever to statues built on an island in
         | the middle of the Pacific 10,000 years later, besides, you
         | know, being built by humans?
        
           | earlyam wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
           | DougWebb wrote:
           | The connection would have to be truly ancient. We all
           | ultimately came from the same population in Africa, and
           | things like fire making and stone tool making are cultural
           | ideas that date back even further than that time. So maybe
           | other cultural things that pop up in widely different places
           | are really old too.
        
             | canadianfella wrote:
             | [dead]
        
           | triyambakam wrote:
           | Not that I am promoting the theory as true, but to steel man
           | it: the same way that you find evidence of Vikings in Italy,
           | or Tamils in Australia before colonization from Europe. I.e.
           | that people traveled and we don't at this time have a clear
           | idea exactly when and where they traveled, but more and more
           | we are understanding that our modern perspective has grossly
           | underestimated people of the past.
        
             | permo-w wrote:
             | evidence of Vikings in Italy is not comparable. that's a
             | seafaring society, known for migration, unbound by a time
             | period. now if you found evidence of some connection
             | between the Vikings and the big pyramid at Giza, then that
             | would be _more_ comparable, but still geographically and
             | temporally closer, by at least double.
             | 
             | by Tamils in Australia, do you mean the bell they found in
             | New Zealand? I couldn't find anything significant pointing
             | to evidence of Tamils in Australia from a search, but I'd
             | be interested to read about it if there is?
             | 
             | >more and more we are understanding that our modern
             | perspective has grossly underestimated people of the past.
             | 
             | while I completely agree with the sentiment, this is such a
             | classic pseudo-archaeological buzzphrase. even the way you
             | phrased it specifically sounds like it's coming from
             | someone trying to sell me books. the connotations of it are
             | off-the-charts levels of off-putting
        
               | triyambakam wrote:
               | > Northern Aboriginal Australians can trace as much as
               | 11% of their genomes to migrants who reached the island
               | around 4,000 years ago from India, a new study suggests.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.nature.com/articles/nature.2013.12219
        
               | selimthegrim wrote:
               | ASI (Ancestral South Indian) population wasn't
               | necessarily Tamil (but rather ancestors of Tamil) if they
               | were before Dravidian speakers/Elamites migrated to
               | India. Probably more akin to Sri Lankan Veddas.
        
             | boomboomsubban wrote:
             | I could believe residents of Anatolia ended up in the
             | Polynesian Islands somehow. I find it hard to believe a
             | cultural statue pose survived all those years without
             | having a massive historical record littered throughout
             | Asia. Ten thousand years is a really long time to secretly
             | keep some custom going.
        
           | strangeloops85 wrote:
           | There is absolutely no connection. Carbon dating and genetics
           | alone disprove any such connection.
        
             | cbb330 wrote:
             | Inorganic materials can't be dated using radiocarbon
             | analysis and genetics don't account for civilization
             | collapses.
             | 
             | After all, I'm in America with 0 percent of my genes
             | attributed to Native American.
        
         | DougWebb wrote:
         | I'm going off memory here, but I believe the link is that some
         | moai have arms and hands still visible, with the hands holding
         | the belly. This same detail is also visible on some other
         | ancient statues, including some at Gobekli Tepe. It's a
         | specific detail that you wouldn't expect to find so similarly
         | in carvings so unrelated.
        
           | wood_spirit wrote:
           | An off the cuff plausible explanation is that sticking out
           | arms are challenging because they would easily break off due
           | to gravity etc, whereas arms touching the body are
           | straightforward. So we end up with statues that are very
           | vertical all over the world because it's easier.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | earlyam wrote:
           | That doesn't seem so specific to imply a connection. For most
           | of human history we spent our time trying to not starve.
           | Hands holding a contented belly seems like a universal
           | symbol.
        
             | aprinsen wrote:
             | Also could be a pregnancy/fertility motif?
        
         | strangeloops85 wrote:
         | As entertaining as they are, unfortunately these conspiracy
         | theories are usually a bit racist since they deny agency to the
         | actual cultures that have made this monumental architecture.
         | Which is to say, the implicit comment in many of these
         | ridiculous theories (including ancient aliens or whatever) is:
         | "there's no way Polynesian culture could accomplish this".
         | 
         | Of course, there is plenty of archeological evidence of
         | precisely how the moai were built, and why they were later
         | toppled.
        
           | canadianfella wrote:
           | [dead]
        
           | tmn wrote:
           | What are these conspiracy theories? If I'm on the same page
           | as you, these discussions are all around trying to reason
           | about forgotten history. No conspiracy required.
        
           | triyambakam wrote:
           | I haven't come across that at all. And actually it's the
           | opposite. That the conventional view is that the ancient
           | culture is very primitive, while the alternative ("conspiracy
           | theorist") views are that the people were more
           | technologically advanced than given credit for.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | It's not always opposite; "aliens built the pyramids"
             | theories often rest on "the Egyptians couldn't have built
             | it this big/precise", for example.
        
           | swayvil wrote:
           | That ism logic has always tickled me.
           | 
           | Thing X is popular. Therefore disassociating group Y from X
           | is rude to Y. But never a thought that X might not actually
           | be so cool.
           | 
           | It says something about the way our minds work.
        
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