[HN Gopher] What is Chess? What to think and for how long
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       What is Chess? What to think and for how long
        
       Author : awalias
       Score  : 136 points
       Date   : 2023-03-01 12:44 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.alexcrompton.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.alexcrompton.com)
        
       | greenhearth wrote:
       | Pretty sure all outcomes of chess games are predetermined.
        
         | emptybits wrote:
         | And, yet, unknowable. So we play.
        
           | greenhearth wrote:
           | Yes, and somehow throughout my thousands of losses I've never
           | grown into a lover of fate.
        
       | andy_ppp wrote:
       | My top tip is to only ever play in silence, with nobody and no
       | distractions around, sitting or standing upright. These three
       | things have added 200 points to my rating.
       | 
       | I also find that noticing from intuition (a strange move by your
       | opponent might be a trigger, or a tight position where you want
       | to play strategically might be another) when to spend more time
       | on a move sequence helps a lot.
       | 
       | Taking a mental note that you spent a bunch of time on one move
       | and need to play more quickly is another improvement. But this is
       | also an art that comes with experience.
        
         | LVB wrote:
         | I was just thinking about this. I've had spells (as recently as
         | last night!) when I do want to play, but my mind is pretty
         | tired or my mood is off and I end up dropping 50 rating points
         | in a session because I'm sort of half-assing it. I should
         | probably just play unrated games at these times (or just
         | puzzles).
        
       | armitron wrote:
       | Precise thought patterns, acronyms, X seconds per move... This
       | seems like a terrible, robotic way to play chess, at least when
       | it comes to having fun. I've played in excess of 100k games on
       | lichess (mostly 3 minutes, some 5 minute and bullet too, no
       | increments) with my ELO rating being ~2100 and I don't
       | consciously do any of these (whether these or approximations of
       | such still take place unconsciously is a different matter).
       | 
       | In fact, I play purely by feel, looking at the board until a move
       | "feels right". Similarly for time management, I try not to spend
       | more time than my opponent at all times. If my opponent plays
       | faster than me, I speed up. If my opponent is slower, I slow down
       | but try to maintain a slight time advantage.
       | 
       | This translates to the game never feeling like manual mental
       | labor. Instead, it's moves and decisions seemingly streaming out
       | of me without conscious control, almost like a superpower I never
       | knew I had. It feels great and is a lot of fun.
        
         | kzrdude wrote:
         | I would think that you have spent a long time previously,
         | thinking about the best move, to learn these habits and
         | feelings that come to you instinctively now, yes?
        
         | thefourthchime wrote:
         | When you look at the board you are calculating moves though
         | yes? You don't just think about puppies and ice cream cones I
         | assume.
        
           | armitron wrote:
           | Not consciously calculating, there is no effort put into
           | minimaxing. I just look at how the board is set up, focus on
           | the position, the patterns that the pieces dictate, squares
           | that are weak, king position. It sounds like a script but my
           | point is that it doesn't take conscious mental effort, these
           | are mostly intuitive actions.
           | 
           | Of course I wasn't born that way, I've spent years playing
           | chess and it's obvious that these years of playing resulted
           | in a calibrated network of weights in my brain that allow me
           | now to play by feel. My point is more that I didn't perform
           | any structured routines when playing games like the article
           | describes. I kept playing and doing tactics training and my
           | brain did the rest through osmosis. Which leads me to my
           | final point in that tactics and pattern recognition matter
           | and I think, having discussed this with many folks including
           | club players, that they are the best way to rapidly increase
           | one's skill.
        
         | vlovich123 wrote:
         | > No masters are sitting there counting TSAW TISP on their
         | claws! I think this is misguided. A rigorous thought pattern is
         | not a cage, it is an x ray. It shows our lion's bones. Strong
         | players don't notice their thought patterns - you only notice
         | bones when they're broken. The goal is not to think TSAW TISP
         | in t, the goal is for good thought patterns to become so
         | internalised that they form the skeleton our muscles hang on.
         | Bones force our chess lion's muscles to work harmoniously -
         | bones make it impossible for muscles to work any other way.
         | 
         | This is about helping new players figure this out. Or about
         | helping players with poor time management figure out how to
         | build that feeling and unlock the next level for themselves.
         | "Play by feel" is unhelpful advice for those people and
         | sometimes people are unable to get to the next level by
         | themselves and need formal structures like this to figure out
         | how to get better
        
           | jrumbut wrote:
           | I think I just don't enjoy chess, so maybe all advice is
           | wasted on me and I should give up on it for this lifetime but
           | I appreciate your sentiment.
           | 
           | Periodically I try to learn, and I know some openings out to
           | a handful of moves and have done a bunch of end game puzzles
           | and read about some concepts, but that middle area feels like
           | a dark forest with no obvious path.
           | 
           | I either make the blunder that sets me up to lose, watch my
           | opponent make their blunder, or we survive.
           | 
           | I think a more structured approach to the midgame would help
           | me develop some of the sensibilities the grandparent poster
           | is talking about. Does that even exist?
        
             | standardly wrote:
             | Tactics! Study tactics.
             | 
             | Opening/end game is easier to study since there are less
             | possible moves. At mid-game, it helps to apply more general
             | concepts. So look for forks, skewers, advantageous trades,
             | etc
        
       | jmmcd wrote:
       | That is a great title. For many people, chess is not interesting,
       | now that computers are so good at it. But for me, chess is even
       | more interesting now that we have developed (narrow) AI programs
       | that instantiate more and more parts of what humans do when
       | playing. (I know, humans don't play like computers, but we do
       | things like heuristic board evaluation and heuristic game tree
       | pruning.) So in a game, the player is not only trying to find
       | moves, but is trying to prioritise which trees to explore, based
       | on heuristics and some sense of value of information, and on the
       | relative state of the clock (do you want to go for complications?
       | it depends how much time your opponent has left); is aiming for
       | an overall "style" of game that suits them but not the opponent;
       | and even managing risk (despite the game being deterministic), in
       | the sense that different incomplete game trees might have
       | different (heuristically-estimated) variances of outcomes.
        
         | powersnail wrote:
         | > For many people, chess is not interesting, now that computers
         | are so good at it.
         | 
         | But why? I can understand that for a small number of people who
         | has the ambition to become the best player, having an
         | unbeatable figure looming over you is disheartening.
         | 
         | Most players are never going to become even close to that, and
         | they know it. The fact that AI has beaten the best of human
         | players should be, theoretically, irrelevant to their interest
         | in chess, other than having a novel teacher to learn from. They
         | are playing against the same pool of players who are on the
         | same level, with or without the the AI advancement.
         | 
         | So I'm genuinely curious, does the chess community see a large
         | number of discouraged average players?
        
           | nwienert wrote:
           | Chess is actually the most popular it's ever been right now.
        
           | jabl wrote:
           | - Chess was in times past seen as the ultimate game of pure
           | intellect, where the player with the most of that uniquely
           | human trait, intelligence, wins the game. Except that no,
           | turns out a tiny piece of silicon the size of your fingernail
           | can beat the best player on the planet. So why spend time and
           | effort on chess instead of some other game where humans still
           | reign supreme (office politics? Cheating on your spouse?)?
           | 
           | - And a variant of the above argument, humans are a tool-
           | making species. We make tools to do specific things better
           | than we can with our bare hands. So that we can use the tools
           | to do the things that tools are better at, and then use our
           | own hands/heads on things that humans are better at. So now
           | that we have developed tools that are better at playing chess
           | than a human, lets move on to another more challenging task.
           | 
           | - And since this is HN, a variant of the above is Larry Walls
           | characterization of the virtues of a programmer: impatience,
           | laziness, and hubris. We "solved" chess, time to move on.
           | 
           | Of course, all of the above justifications are, in a way,
           | justifications against chess as some kind of noble pursuit
           | that improves the condition of humanity. If you enjoy playing
           | it as a way to spend your free time, go ahead, don't listen
           | to all the negative sniping from the sidelines!
        
           | blackpill0w wrote:
           | >Most players are never going to become even close to that,
           | and they know it. The fact that AI has beaten the best of
           | human players should be, theoretically, irrelevant to their
           | interest in chess, other than having a novel teacher to learn
           | from.
           | 
           | That is exactly what's happening, players learn from engines
           | and try to understand why they play this move and not that
           | move, and as a result, there are a lot of competing players
           | in top level chess, except that players started memorizing
           | lines and the opening phase of the game became a bit dull and
           | boring, however, this was only another obstacle for players,
           | they simply needed to adapt and they did. Magnus Carlsen is
           | well known for winning endgames that seem to be a dead draw,
           | he keeps pushing and pressing until his opponents make a
           | mistake and this is why he has been the world champion since
           | 2013 (e.g. game 6 from the 2021 World Championship [0]).
           | 
           | >So I'm genuinely curious, does the chess community see a
           | large number of discouraged average players?
           | 
           | No, the Queen's Gambit [1] made chess very popular, online
           | chess is at its peak, it's pretty interesting to have world
           | champions streaming and seeing them play variations that they
           | wouldn't play in real life since they involve too much risk,
           | or simply lead to losing positions, but they also make for
           | exciting and amusing games.
           | 
           | [0]: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PmQs1KhB948
           | 
           | [1]: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10048342
        
         | plasticeagle wrote:
         | People spend time running in races against each other, despite
         | the existence of cars.
         | 
         | People spend time lifting heavy weights, despite the existence
         | of forklifts.
         | 
         | People spend time climbing mountains, despite the existence of
         | helicopters.
         | 
         | That a machine can do something better than a human, is no
         | reason to pretend that human to human competition is no longer
         | worthwhile. A pleasant game of chess against a friend is as
         | much a psychological battle as it is a tactical one.
         | 
         | I never played against computers, they could always beat me
         | every single time. What would be the point? I play against
         | humans, for the same reason I have conversations with humans
         | and not with computers - even as they become capable of even
         | that.
         | 
         | I do think that building an AI that does play like a human
         | would be interesting, it's certainly never really been done.
         | But it's interesting because it's an interesting problem to
         | solve, not because playing against such a machine would be any
         | fun.
        
           | tstrimple wrote:
           | I honestly think it's amazing the level of dedication people
           | can have to things others think are a complete waste of time.
           | Somewhere someone is the best in the world at building rice
           | sculptures with chop sticks or shooting a bow and arrow with
           | their feet or some other weird combination and I love it. The
           | chess guy who spends his life dedicated to finding strategies
           | which only really work against AI is awesome. There are still
           | folks who can beat AI opponents in very time constrained
           | games.
        
         | sdwr wrote:
         | Yeah, computation time is a resource. Can be seen in some
         | starcraft matches, where attention is being juggled and
         | distributed as much as actual armies. Feels like there's some
         | low-hanging fruit there, it hasn't been studied nearly as much
         | as (time-independent) optimal decisions.
         | 
         | Examples of time asymmetry:
         | 
         | -recorded media (TV, movies, books) are incredibly time-
         | asymmetric, have 100x / 1000x time spent on creation vs
         | consumption
         | 
         | -legal systems built on examples + exceptions, have mapped out
         | and tested entire decision trees that defendents traverse once
        
         | sublinear wrote:
         | I think chess can be difficult to appreciate for many reasons,
         | but computers beating humans is probably at the _bottom of that
         | list_ , if not on the opposite list of reasons to be encouraged
         | to play as you already explained.
         | 
         | Anyway, I can only speak for my past self and a few people I've
         | known, but it's usually simple why people don't play.
         | 
         | It can be socially unappealing if there's no tradition of
         | playing chess within their circle or that the people that do
         | play might be snobs about it.
         | 
         | It can be difficult to feel encouraged to play since the game
         | itself is complex enough to require more attention than
         | expected and the jargon is confusing. The names of openings,
         | tactics, etc. are not necessarily literal enough, and even when
         | expressed in notation are still vague due to the nature of the
         | game (many variations). For many people there's also a lack of
         | motivation and it just seems unproductive, especially when it
         | becomes clear that winning, even against the weakest AI, isn't
         | common when starting out. Like any game, chess can help improve
         | analytical thinking, but it's abstract enough to not be obvious
         | how. If it's not made a pleasant enough experience, it's just
         | easier to do something else.
        
       | keiferski wrote:
       | I've always found Deleuze and Guattari's comments on chess vs. go
       | to be interesting. Some of the terminology might not make sense
       | if you're unfamiliar with their work, but I think you can get the
       | general gist:
       | 
       |  _Let us take a limited example and compare the war machine and
       | the state apparatus in the context of the theory of games. Let us
       | take chess and Go, from the standpoint of game pieces, the
       | relations between the pieces and the space involved. Chess is a
       | game of the State, or of the court: the emperor of China played
       | it. Chess pieces are coded; they have an internal nature and
       | intrinsic properties from which their movements, situations, and
       | confrontations derive. They have qualities; a knight remains a
       | knight, a pawn a pawn, a bishop a bishop. Each is like a subject
       | of the statement endowed with relative power, and these relative
       | powers combine in a subject of enunciation, that is, the chess
       | player or the game's form of interiority. Go pieces, I contrast,
       | are pellets, disks, simple arithmetic units, and have only an
       | anonymous, collective, or third-person function: "It" makes a
       | move. "It" could be a man, a woman, a louse, an elephant. Go
       | pieces are elements of a nonsubjectified machine assemblage with
       | no intrinsic properties, only situational ones. Thus the
       | relations are very different in the two cases._
       | 
       |  _Within their milieu of interiority, chess pieces entertain
       | biunivocal relations with one another, and with the adversary's
       | pieces: their functioning is structural. One the other hand, a Go
       | piece has only a milieu of exteriority, or extrinsic relations
       | with nebulas or constellations, according to which it fulfills
       | functions of insertion or situation, such as bordering,
       | encircling, shattering. All by itself, a Go piece can destroy an
       | entire constellation synchronically; a chess piece cannot (or can
       | do so diachronically only). Chess is indeed a war, but an
       | institutionalized, regulated, coded war with a front, a rear,
       | battles. But what is proper to Go is war without battle lines,
       | with neither confrontation nor retreat, without battles even:
       | pure strategy, whereas chess is a semiology. Finally, the space
       | is not at all the same: in chess, it is a question of arranging a
       | closed space for oneself, thus going from one point to another,
       | of occupying the maximum number of squares with the minimum
       | number of pieces. In Go, it is a question of arraying oneself in
       | an open space, of holding space, of maintaining the possibility
       | of springing up at any point: the movement is not from one point
       | to another, but becomes perpetual, without aim or destination,
       | without departure or arrival. The "smooth" space of Go, as
       | against the "striated" space of chess. The nomos of Go against
       | the State of chess, nomos against polis. The difference is that
       | chess codes and decodes space, whereas Go proceeds altogether
       | differently, territorializing and deterritorializing it (make the
       | outside a territory in space; consolidate that territory by the
       | construction of a second, adjacent territory; deterritorialize
       | the enemy by shattering his territory from within;
       | deterritorialize oneself by renouncing, by going elsewhere...)
       | Another justice, another movement, another space-time._
        
         | rramadass wrote:
         | I always found Edgar Allan Poe's take on Chess from _The
         | Murders in the Rue Morgue_
         | (https://poestories.com/read/murders) interesting;
         | 
         |  _The faculty of re-solution is possibly much invigorated by
         | mathematical study, and especially by that highest branch of it
         | which, unjustly, and merely on account of its retrograde
         | operations, has been called, as if par excellence, analysis.
         | Yet to calculate is not in itself to analyse. A chess-player,
         | for example, does the one without effort at the other. It
         | follows that the game of chess, in its effects upon mental
         | character, is greatly misunderstood. I am not now writing a
         | treatise, but simply prefacing a somewhat peculiar narrative by
         | observations very much at random; I will, therefore, take
         | occasion to assert that the higher powers of the reflective
         | intellect are more decidedly and more usefully tasked by the
         | unostentatious game of draughts than by all the elaborate
         | frivolity of chess. In this latter, where the pieces have
         | different and bizarre motions, with various and variable
         | values, what is only complex is mistaken (a not unusual error)
         | for what is profound. The attention is here called powerfully
         | into play. If it flag for an instant, an oversight is
         | committed, resulting in injury or defeat. The possible moves
         | being not only manifold but involute, the chances of such
         | oversights are multiplied; and in nine cases out of ten it is
         | the more concentrative rather than the more acute player who
         | conquers. In draughts, on the contrary, where the moves are
         | unique and have but little variation, the probabilities of
         | inadvertence are diminished, and the mere attention being left
         | comparatively unemployed, what advantages are obtained by
         | either party are obtained by superior acumen. To be less
         | abstract --Let us suppose a game of draughts where the pieces
         | are reduced to four kings, and where, of course, no oversight
         | is to be expected. It is obvious that here the victory can be
         | decided (the players being at all equal) only by some recherche
         | movement, the result of some strong exertion of the intellect.
         | Deprived of ordinary resources, the analyst throws himself into
         | the spirit of his opponent, identifies himself therewith, and
         | not unfrequently sees thus, at a glance, the sole methods
         | (sometimes indeed absurdly simple ones) by which he may seduce
         | into error or hurry into miscalculation._
         | 
         |  _Whist has long been noted for its influence upon what is
         | termed the calculating power; and men of the highest order of
         | intellect have been known to take an apparently unaccountable
         | delight in it, while eschewing chess as frivolous. Beyond doubt
         | there is nothing of a similar nature so greatly tasking the
         | faculty of analysis. The best chess-player in Christendom may
         | be little more than the best player of chess; but proficiency
         | in whist implies capacity for success in all those more
         | important undertakings where mind struggles with mind. When I
         | say proficiency, I mean that perfection in the game which
         | includes a comprehension of all the sources whence legitimate
         | advantage may be derived. These are not only manifold but
         | multiform, and lie frequently among recesses of thought
         | altogether inaccessible to the ordinary understanding. To
         | observe attentively is to remember distinctly; and, so far, the
         | concentrative chess-player will do very well at whist; while
         | the rules of Hoyle (themselves based upon the mere mechanism of
         | the game) are sufficiently and generally comprehensible. Thus
         | to have a retentive memory, and to proceed by "the book," are
         | points commonly regarded as the sum total of good playing. But
         | it is in matters beyond the limits of mere rule that the skill
         | of the analyst is evinced. He makes, in silence, a host of
         | observations and inferences. So, perhaps, do his companions;
         | and the difference in the extent of the information obtained,
         | lies not so much in the validity of the inference as in the
         | quality of the observation. The necessary knowledge is that of
         | what to observe. Our player confines himself not at all; nor,
         | because the game is the object, does he reject deductions from
         | things external to the game. He examines the countenance of his
         | partner, comparing it carefully with that of each of his
         | opponents. He considers the mode of assorting the cards in each
         | hand; often counting trump by trump, and honor by honor,
         | through the glances bestowed by their holders upon each. He
         | notes every variation of face as the play progresses, gathering
         | a fund of thought from the differences in the expression of
         | certainty, of surprise, of triumph, or of chagrin. From the
         | manner of gathering up a trick he judges whether the person
         | taking it can make another in the suit. He recognises what is
         | played through feint, by the air with which it is thrown upon
         | the table. A casual or inadvertent word; the accidental
         | dropping or turning of a card, with the accompanying anxiety or
         | carelessness in regard to its concealment; the counting of the
         | tricks, with the order of their arrangement; embarrassment,
         | hesitation, eagerness or trepidation --all afford, to his
         | apparently intuitive perception, indications of the true state
         | of affairs. The first two or three rounds having been played,
         | he is in full possession of the contents of each hand, and
         | thenceforward puts down his cards with as absolute a precision
         | of purpose as if the rest of the party had turned outward the
         | faces of their own._
        
         | akuro wrote:
         | Reading this has made me realise that I am nowhere near as
         | literate as I think I am.
        
           | kubb wrote:
           | To be fair, philosophy is often strong in words and weak in
           | content.
        
           | ajkjk wrote:
           | The florid writing is an elitist fad; you can express the
           | same idea in much simpler language without losing any
           | meaning.
        
             | humanizersequel wrote:
             | People love to say this, but this is extremely dense
             | writing riddled with technical language, written for people
             | trained in reading it. You could perhaps eliminate some of
             | the jargon, but in doing so you'd have to substitute a
             | book's worth of less "florid" writing to get the same point
             | across.
        
               | ajkjk wrote:
               | "florid" as a word means "excessively complicated", not
               | just "complicated". I'd describe this writing as florid
               | because it its fanciness and complexity is obnoxious and
               | unnecessary. Of course it's my opinion, but yeah, I think
               | it's just bad writing, written to sound pretentious on
               | purpose, doing a shit job of communicating its point
               | because it wants to be inaccessible. You could easily
               | write the same thing more clearly in no more space.
               | 
               | I'm not arguing against beautiful writing or technical
               | writing; I'm arguing against this thing that was pasted
               | above, which is obnoxious, full-of-itself, not-at-all-
               | beautiful writing.
        
             | ly3xqhl8g9 wrote:
             | So what? Famously, _Anna Karenina_ is about a woman who
             | jumps in front of a train, why bother to read the other 863
             | pages.
             | 
             |  _Anti-Oedipus_ [1] and especially _A Thousand Plateaus_
             | [2] is about _living_ in rarefied, futural spaces. Deleuze
             | would be the first to be disgusted even at the faintest
             | idea that his writing has any meaning whatsoever: you want
             | meaning? go and live your life, don 't read a book,
             | especially not a philosophy book. In _What is Philosophy?_
             | [3], Deleuze and Guattari give a very straight and simple
             | answer:  "philosophy is the art of forming, inventing and
             | fabricating concepts"--that's it, nothing more, nothing
             | less. Why would you hurry to admire a concept, instead of
             | doing it repeatedly, now, tomorrow, and tomorrow, and
             | tomorrow [4]: do you also not smell a flower because its
             | florid and anyway you could synthesize ionones [5] into a
             | vial, why bother with the flower.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anti-Oedipus
             | 
             | [2] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A_Thousand_Plateaus
             | 
             | [3] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What_Is_Philosophy%3F_(De
             | leuze...
             | 
             | [4] https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56964/speech-
             | tomorrow...
             | 
             | [5] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionone
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | There's a word for that, it's called "obscurantism".
               | Profound and true ideas can always be put in simple
               | language. See Richard Feynman for one example. When
               | someone uses a lot of complicated words and sentences to
               | make a trivial point, that's a red flag for me.
        
           | csa wrote:
           | It really helps a lot if you know the game of go.
        
           | keiferski wrote:
           | I wouldn't feel too bad; D&G are notoriously verbose and full
           | of references to obscure topics.
        
             | TechBro8615 wrote:
             | This is also presumably a translation from the original
             | French.
        
           | bsaul wrote:
           | IMHO the 1950s and 60s were the pinacle of intellectual life
           | ( at least in france). Students were actually "fans" of
           | philosophical figures like jean paul sartre. The trendiest
           | place for youth wasn't a nightclub or a gym. It was the cafe
           | de flore, close to "la sorbonne" university, were one could
           | hope to see a famous writer have a coffee. Young people would
           | spend their saturday skimming through books at "gilbert
           | joseph" bookseller.
           | 
           | This is simply gone forever. Whenever i see today's
           | celebrities becoming famous via 20 seconds tiktok, or pseudo
           | intellectuals debating over twitter, and i think about this
           | era that was only 50 years ago, i feel like crying.
        
             | bzhang255 wrote:
             | Were you one of those youths or are you just romanticizing
             | someone else's past (which you know nothing about) so you
             | can criticize a contemporary youth populace (whom you know
             | nothing about)?
        
               | humanizersequel wrote:
               | I am one of the "contemporary youth populace" and will
               | second his comment.
        
           | karmakurtisaani wrote:
           | I thought a lot of fancy words were used, but very little was
           | said.
        
       | ronyfadel wrote:
       | Hijacking the comments to ask: what is the best way to get better
       | at chess? (other than "just" playing matches, I'm already doing
       | that)
        
         | nextaccountic wrote:
         | If you are a beginner, studying tactics and doing puzzles.
         | Always keep your pieces defended, even if there aren't
         | immediate threats: undefended pieces may become tactical themes
         | (which means, your opponent might be able to explore this two
         | or three moves ahead). Always consider checks first, then
         | captures, systematically.
         | 
         | A level up, studying openings.
         | 
         | Always go into a position with a plan (which generally means,
         | which squares you want your pieces to occupy). A bad plan is
         | better than no plan at all.
         | 
         | The plan must be continually checked with calculation (and here
         | is where tactics is useful), and you must be ready to change
         | plans if things don't go well.
         | 
         | You need also to study strategic concepts like weak squares,
         | pawn structure, pawn majorities. This helps you to quickly
         | identify what should be your plan even in a unfamiliar
         | position.
         | 
         | If you have trouble winning a game that you should have won,
         | study endgames. Specially, if you are ahead of material, try to
         | simplify the position (trade pieces to give your opponent less
         | chances to come back), and specially simplify into an endgame
         | where you're sure you will win.
        
         | 10xDev wrote:
         | Reached 1600 chess.com within a year starting from 600 and 2000
         | Lichess. What I believe to be more important is how you do
         | something rather than what you do. What I mean is, someone can
         | play many puzzles or games but if you are just blitzing out
         | moves in puzzles even when you haven't calculated to a
         | guaranteed advantage then you aren't learning anything. You are
         | just exploiting what you have learnt over exploring by trying
         | to look for patterns you wouldn't normally look for. Constantly
         | even in complex positions people blitz out moves only to
         | blunder.
         | 
         | This is why I don't recommend bullet to anyone.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | The trap to avoid is memorizing openings!
         | 
         | It takes a ton of time and brainpower, and doesn't make you a
         | better player once you're outside your memorized moves..
        
         | brrrrrm wrote:
         | Puzzles + learning openings. I highly recommend lichess for
         | this
        
           | vikingerik wrote:
           | Make sure you do _defensive_ puzzles as well. I 'm fairly
           | decent at spotting a tactic to win material a few moves
           | ahead, but terrible at seeing one coming from my opponent
           | early enough to avert it. I'm not sure what lichess has, but
           | definitely look for puzzles where you have to _avoid_ a
           | knight fork or some pin or incoming checkmate.
        
           | slm_HN wrote:
           | Puzzles are great for learning tactics, but eventually you
           | need to learn some strategy and positional play. You'll need
           | to read a book or two for this. And don't forget endings!
        
           | genghisjahn wrote:
           | Learn end games before opening s. Learn k+q against a k.
           | Learn k+pawn against k (how to advance a pawn to promote to
           | q). K+r against K. There are others but get those 3 down.
        
           | shric wrote:
           | And don't forget to study end games too. I don't think you
           | need a strong grasp of opening theory until you reach around
           | 2000 (lichess).
        
         | vishnugupta wrote:
         | Study and practicing openings. By this I mean you should
         | memorise _all_ the lines of an opening; not just the main
         | lines. A vast majority of matches are won /lost within 30-35
         | moves by a few botched up opening moves.
         | 
         | I don't recommend puzzles that much. They give you mental
         | satisfaction. However, it is one thing to think of a good move
         | knowing _before hand_ that there 's such a move possible but
         | entirely different to recognise that you are in such a
         | situation in the middle of a game.
        
           | chongli wrote:
           | Studying openings is a waste of time, even counterproductive,
           | if you're a beginner who hangs pieces all the time. This
           | advice is much better suited to someone hoping to get over
           | the 2k rating milestone. If you're below 1k or even mid teens
           | then your best bet is just to play a lot (longer time
           | controls against better opponents) and study your games to
           | look for your blunders, mistakes, and inaccuracies.
        
           | jmulho wrote:
           | After you have learned all lines of 1.e4 out to 35 moves, I
           | suggest learning all lines of 1.d4 out to 35 moves.
        
           | tosh wrote:
           | I tend to agree (& thought similar about puzzles) but I think
           | they are effective at training your pattern recognition so
           | you more easily find tactics when you play.
        
         | tosh wrote:
         | * train various endgames (undervalued) (e.g. Naroditsky's
         | videos on endgames: https://youtube.com/playlist?list=PLT1F2nOx
         | LHOfQI_hFiDnnWj4l...)
         | 
         | * puzzles for tactics & mates
         | 
         | * learn 1 "easy to execute" opening for each color
        
           | tosh wrote:
           | also: go through your games with an engine and reflect on the
           | good moves and blunders of yourself but also your opponent
        
         | cglace wrote:
         | I'm ~2000 online and got there by training tactics/puzzles and
         | becoming really good at a few openings. I would suggest
         | learning an opening or two for white and an opening or two for
         | black. Kings Indian, modern defense, Sicilian defense, and
         | danish gambit are some of my favorites.
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | That depends on how good you are already. Beginners progress
         | most by learning not to hang pieces. Up to the ~1000 elo level
         | you will win by simply not blundering with little to no opening
         | theory. After that the breadth of scope opens up a lot. I got
         | to ~1750 over the board almost completely ignoring openings
         | beyond move 4 or 5. Watching videos on strategy, how should I
         | be arranging my pieces / where do they "belong", and simple
         | tactics will take you far. Openings are important, I study them
         | more now, but I wouldn't get bogged down by them. Picking up an
         | intuition for analysing a position and it's thematic ideas is
         | key.
        
         | AndreLock wrote:
         | I was a competitive chess player in my youth and am currently
         | ~2300 on Lichess. Here are key aspects of any training regimen:
         | 
         | * Tactics - I did thousands of tactics puzzles using a program
         | called CT-ART while under a time limit. I would have to
         | complete 25 puzzles within 5 minutes while making 0 mistakes.
         | If I made a mistake I would have to start from the beginning.
         | 
         | * Core positional concepts - Understanding pawn structure
         | (double pawns, isolated pawns, passed pawns, pawn majorities,
         | etc.), control of central squares, open files, king safety, and
         | so on.
         | 
         | * Endgames - Many players neglect endgames. Master the basics:
         | common rook-and-pawn and pawn-only endgames, how to checkmate
         | with 2 bishops and bishop + knight, etc. Read Silman's Complete
         | Endgame Course, Basic Chess Endings, and Dvoretsky's Endgame
         | Manual (for advanced players) to improve your endgame play.
         | 
         | * Openings - Many people have mentioned learning openings, but
         | it is generally a mistake for beginners and intermediate
         | players to focus on this aspect of their game. It is not
         | especially useful for a ~1000-rated OTB player to learn 15+
         | moves of theory in the King's Indian Defense only to end up in
         | a position where there are slightly better according to theory
         | but have no understanding of their position. It is better to
         | center your opening repertoire around easy-to-learn openings
         | and focus on improving other aspects of your game until you are
         | strong enough to handle positions outside of opening theory.
        
         | jjbinx007 wrote:
         | Aman Hambleton has an EXCELLENT although very long series on
         | Youtube called Building Habits. He starts at a very low ELO and
         | follows a set of basic rules. He loses several games but his
         | win ratio is high. Once he gets to a higher Elo he has to
         | introduce new rules, and again it doesn't mean you'll win every
         | game but you build good habits by practicing over and over
         | again.
         | 
         | And so it continues. Here's the full playlist:
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=p8pZbhjL-fQ&list=PL8N8j2e7Rp...
        
           | bachonk wrote:
           | I tried Aman's videos but found Daniel Naroditsky to be far
           | more helpful in terms of explaining advanced theory and
           | tactics in a way that's easy to understand and practical at
           | any ELO.
           | 
           | Here are some of his playlists:
           | https://www.youtube.com/@DanielNaroditskyGM/playlists
        
         | thefourthchime wrote:
         | I liked these tips:
         | https://mbuffett.com/posts/chess_improvement_thoughts/
        
       | fferen wrote:
       | Something I wonder: are computers better at chess because they
       | can think faster? What if we give a team of top grandmasters 1
       | day per move, versus like 1 hour for Stockfish. Will they at
       | least consistently draw? To my knowledge, top human vs computer
       | matches these days only use piece odds, not time odds.
        
         | 317070 wrote:
         | No, on long time controls, humans cannot see enough of the tree
         | in some positions. They might be able to push the game
         | sometimes into a position where they can hold if the engine is
         | not set up to prefer complicated positions.
         | 
         | But
         | 
         | This is one of my favorites. On extreme short time controls,
         | humans can handle some really good engines some of the time!
         | Here you have Andrew Tang beating Leela in hyperbullet:
         | https://youtu.be/Wf-wFXRpwgo
         | 
         | Another approach that sometimes works is to be really booked up
         | in dubious lines with an engine that does not have too much
         | time, something Jonathan Schrantz manages from time to time
         | https://youtu.be/FC2P6VUYu78
        
           | gjm11 wrote:
           | It's a little debatable whether Andrew Tang counts as "human"
           | when playing hyperbullet chess.
        
         | amalcon wrote:
         | An easier way to do this would be to limit the hardware
         | resources available to Stockfish. You can get the 24x time
         | ratio just by giving Stockfish 1/24th of the compute cycles.
         | 
         | That said, 24x is not even close to enough advantage there --
         | that probably removes less than one ply of depth. Stockfish can
         | read far deeper than any human; you'd need a dramatically
         | larger reduction to compensate for this.
         | 
         | You could probably put Stockfish on a desktop computer from the
         | mid 90's, and expect the team of GMs to win.
        
           | gjm11 wrote:
           | 24x is more than 1 ply. Typical branching factor isn't so far
           | from 24, and with alpha-beta the effective branching factor
           | is more like sqrt(nominal branching factor), and I think
           | modern engines are pretty good at pruning and extending the
           | tree to make the scaling even better than that.
        
       | Balgair wrote:
       | Meta Comment: A lot of the comments here that are about getting
       | better at chess seem to boil down to: Do something other than
       | bog-standard chess. Mess with time limits, do openings, play
       | puzzles, etc.
       | 
       | So, can we get together a good list of websites/apps with links
       | that are these 'not-chess' trainers?
       | 
       | I'll start:
       | 
       | https://lichess.org/training
       | 
       | https://store.steampowered.com/app/1349230/5D_Chess_With_Mul...
       | 
       | https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.FrameOfMin...
        
       | sadhorse wrote:
       | "The ability to play chess is the sign of a gentleman. The
       | ability to play chess well is the sign of a wasted life." Paul
       | Murphy.
        
         | _a_a_a_ wrote:
         | The definition of a gentleman - "a man who can play the
         | bagpipes. But doesn't"
         | 
         | (unknown attribution but I got it from a scotsman)
        
         | tiffanyh wrote:
         | You could say this about anything ... like golf, etc.
        
         | BashiBazouk wrote:
         | Heh...good quote. I was in chess club in Jr high, playing lots.
         | One day I was about two thirds through a book on chess openings
         | and had a major moment of self reflection: what the hell am I
         | doing, this is really boring. Luckily for me I was introduced
         | to white box original DnD about the same time and that solved
         | that problem...
        
         | teachrdan wrote:
         | Orthogonally, "Good at chess, bad at life."
        
         | Bootvis wrote:
         | Paul Morphy: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul_Morphy
        
         | bsder wrote:
         | _Morphy_ not Murphy.
        
         | ycombinete wrote:
         | Seneca was of a similar opinion:
         | 
         |  _It would be a lengthy business to mention all the different
         | people who have spent their lives engaged in chess-playing or
         | exercise with ball or the practice of roasting their bodies in
         | the sun. They are not unoccupied when their pleasure form such
         | a busy occupation. No one will doubt that those men are
         | energetic triflers who devote their hours to the study of
         | useless literature_ - On the Shortness of Life
        
           | TechBro8615 wrote:
           | That's weird, since chess didn't exist when Seneca was alive.
           | Perhaps that's a mistranslation and he was referring to Ludus
           | latrunculorum? [0]
           | 
           | [0] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludus_latrunculorum
        
             | DC-3 wrote:
             | Mistranslation is unfair. It's a translation that best
             | reflects the spirit of the original. It would be
             | distracting to the modern reader to refer to a game which
             | would be obscure and unfamiliar, when most likely the point
             | of the original text is to invoke a board game which would
             | be universally known among the audience.
             | 
             | That said, you are right:
             | 
             | https://la.wikisource.org/wiki/De_brevitate_vitae
             | 
             | > XIII 1. Persequi singulos longum est, quorum aut
             | _latrunculi_ aut pila aut excoquendi in sole corporis cura
             | consumpsere vitam. Non sunt otiosi, quorum voluptates
             | multum negotii habent. Nam de illis nemo dubitabit, quin
             | operose nihil agant, qui litterarum inutilium studiis
             | detinentur, quae iam apud Romanos quoque magna manus est.
             | 
             | (emphasis mine)
        
               | fasterik wrote:
               | >It would be distracting to the modern reader to refer to
               | a game which would be obscure and unfamiliar
               | 
               | I find it far more distracting to find a modern term in
               | an ancient text that I know the author couldn't have
               | known about. It's jarring and anachronistic. I would much
               | rather see the original term. I can make a decision about
               | whether to spend a minute to look it up (and learn
               | something!) or skim over it if the meaning is clear
               | enough.
        
             | groffee wrote:
             | Interestingly this has just come up again recently with the
             | 'dahl' controversy.[0]
             | 
             | [0] https://classicalwisdom.substack.com/p/should-we-
             | update-old-...
        
               | TechBro8615 wrote:
               | Catullus 16 is certainly problematic! (It was also the
               | only homework assignment that students begged to complete
               | in my Latin course)
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catullus_16
        
             | ormaybethizzy wrote:
             | Or maybe Senet
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senet
        
           | jacobmartin wrote:
           | Considering that we don't have any history of chess until
           | more than 500 years after Seneca's death, in India no less, I
           | think it's fair to say that this is yet another example of
           | "ye olde translationes" editorializing and using too much
           | dynamic equivalence. _latrunculi_ , the word he uses in this
           | sentence at the beginning of chapter XIII, must have referred
           | to a different game.
           | 
           | Plus, I doubt most people would really agree with _de
           | brevitate vitae_. It 's the equivalent of "grind culture" but
           | from the first century. Amusing and interesting but probably
           | not congruent with now most people want to spend their lives.
           | (No shame from me if you do want to live your life that way,
           | but it should just be known that this is far from a neutral
           | perspective.) For a more balanced view of _otium_ (pleasure,
           | relaxation, opposite of negotium, business), I 'd recommend
           | the letters of Pliny the Younger.
        
             | ezekiel68 wrote:
             | I dunno. Who is to say it is "too much" dynamic
             | equivalence? Seems to me the grand intent of the quote is
             | preserved for the greater mass of English readers.
        
           | chucksmash wrote:
           | Ha, I just re-read this page in this book this morning.
           | 
           | The translation my book used instead of "chess-playing" was
           | "draughts."
        
         | geodel wrote:
         | Ha, great quote! There is good movie in Hindi about wasted life
         | of Chess obsessed protagonists. [1]
         | 
         | 1. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Chess_Players_(film)
        
         | dfrankle wrote:
         | Well, if you ask me, the ability to play chess well is the sign
         | of someone who knows how to make the most of their free time!
        
         | patrickscoleman wrote:
         | This makes me feel unreasonably better about my decision to
         | stop trying to get better at chess. But I do miss those 3-day
         | correspondence games with friends where you slowly get smoked
         | by your better friends over weeks.
        
           | rjbwork wrote:
           | Me and my friends play long term board games on
           | boardgamearea.com now. Ticket to Ride, Roll for the Galaxy,
           | It's a Wonderful World, and more. We've usually got at least
           | 2, sometimes many more, going at a time. It's a good time.
        
         | WJW wrote:
         | "Chess is beautiful enough to waste your life for."
         | 
         | -- Hans Ree
        
       | cyrialize wrote:
       | Doing a few chess puzzles a day (and aiming to get them correct,
       | rather than trying to get through as many as you can) has done
       | wonders for my move speed. For example, I recognize forks much
       | faster now.
       | 
       | Lichess lets you pick several themes as well, if you want to
       | focus on particular situations.
        
         | j0hnyl wrote:
         | Where in the app do I got to pick themes?
        
           | Dr_Birdbrain wrote:
           | I think this functionality is not available on the app, only
           | on the browser version. The browser version runs great on
           | mobile, though.
        
             | j0hnyl wrote:
             | Gotcha thanks, I exclusively use the app, but for puzzle I
             | think I can branch out. I prefer tap to move as opposed to
             | mouse.
        
           | 0bit wrote:
           | Under https://lichess.org/training on the left side pane
           | there is a "Puzzle Themes" link (takes you to
           | https://lichess.org/training/themes).
        
         | blastro wrote:
         | obligatory lichess.org plug! best site on the net.
        
       | kwikdraw wrote:
       | For mediocre chess players like me I recommend trying online
       | speed chess for a few months. Bullet chess where each player gets
       | a minute total clock is a completely different game where you
       | move every half second on average. Aggressive playing is rewarded
       | - as long as you get your opponent to waste time thinking. The
       | quick play allows you develop a better sense of positioning, game
       | flow, and end game tactics. When you return to normal slow timed
       | chess games after playing bullet for several months you will find
       | that your clock management will be much improved.
        
         | have_faith wrote:
         | This is very fun but translates very badly to longer time
         | controls in my experience. YMMV though.
        
         | ckaygusu wrote:
         | Faster you do something, more you rely on your instincts, and
         | instincts alone do not further your game -- or anything you
         | strive to be good at really -- you need to be mindfully
         | thinking it through.
         | 
         | It might be beneficial to spice things up, but this is in
         | general not a good advice.
        
         | kriops wrote:
         | This is the opposite of what every coach I've spoken to says.
         | Rather: Do tactics, study basic endgames.
         | 
         | Of course conventional wisdom isn't always right, but that is
         | the conventional wisdom.
         | 
         | Correct play in longer TCs translate much better to blitz than
         | vice versa.
        
         | 10xDev wrote:
         | No, in my experience it forms bad habits such as being severely
         | prone to going for one turn attacks. One turn attacks may be
         | the most common mistake among chess players. Anyone who has
         | learnt to calculate deeper and look for nuances within a
         | position will crush someone who only knows to go for time
         | pressure.
        
           | scyzoryk_xyz wrote:
           | This is true. But the comment above is true as well.
           | 
           | It depends on who you are and where you are at. I have
           | certainly developed a habit for those one-turn attacks you
           | describe. But going from short games back to slow chess and
           | puzzles has been nice because I learned to manage how to
           | think under that pressure.
           | 
           | I'm now learning how to play tennis (another cliche
           | gentleman's game, I know). What I'm discovering is that it is
           | very similar - there is the simple repetitive and purely
           | textbook aspect of hitting the ball at just the right angle
           | to make it go where you want. And then there is the energy
           | management under time and pressure. So you sort of have to
           | straddle this tension between these two and you gradually
           | descend into just barely holding it together.
           | 
           | My thought here is that ideal chess is very similar. There
           | are the routine strategies, tactics and perfect moves. And
           | then there is this raw impulsive fast paced aspect of just
           | making the least awful move to just survive what is thrown at
           | you with the bits of focus you still have left.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | huevosabio wrote:
         | I love bullet, but I am 100% it has worsened my rapid/classical
         | game. It has improved my time management though.
        
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