[HN Gopher] Healing the brain: hydrogels enable neuronal tissue ...
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       Healing the brain: hydrogels enable neuronal tissue growth
        
       Author : Tschayba
       Score  : 129 points
       Date   : 2023-03-01 08:39 UTC (14 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.alphagalileo.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.alphagalileo.org)
        
       | Retric wrote:
       | TLDR: "They used hydrogel materials, in combination with neural
       | stem cells, to grow new brain tissue."
       | 
       | The hydrogel for scaffolding it doesn't promote neuronal growth
       | on its own. Still quite promising.
        
       | wincy wrote:
       | What would happen if we took a pill and grew a ton of extra
       | neurons in our digestive system? We've got about 100 million
       | neurons in our gut, which is comparable to a duck. I feel like
       | it'd probably just be weird.
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | Don't we already have a ton of neurons in our digestive system?
         | 
         | I believe they are the ones that give us the voice in the back
         | of our head that says that yes we can buy that entire box of
         | popsicles and not eat but one at a time.
        
           | mcbits wrote:
           | I think those neurons are what give me an icky feeling every
           | time I eat certain things that have been associated with
           | getting sick in the past, even though the foods aren't what
           | made me sick.
        
       | patrakov wrote:
       | Well, the tissue grows, but the big question (not answered in the
       | summary) still is: does it work?
        
       | jlpom wrote:
       | This is cool but I don't see neural stem cells grafting and this
       | hydrogel have clinical applications in humans, because the brain
       | is very difficult to access, even via the CSF (diffusion is very
       | limited), without very invasive way like trepanation.
       | 
       | I think a more realistic clinical approach is astrocytes to
       | neurons reprogramming using vectors like AAV9 to pass the blood
       | brain barrier and activate genes to convert them [1] to different
       | types based on the genes (NGN2: glutamatergic, ASCL1: GABAergic,
       | dopaminergic, cholinergic...). This has the added benefit of
       | reduced cancer risk (direct reprogramming) and astrocytes have a
       | regional identity [2].
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.embopress.org/doi/full/10.15252/emmm.202114797
       | [2]: https://www.science.org/doi/full/10.1126/sciadv.abe8978
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | > because the brain is nearly inaccesible, even via the CSF
         | (diffusion is very limited), without very invasive way like
         | trepanation.
         | 
         | If transorbital lobotomy is possible, presumably transorbital
         | endoscopic hydrogel injection would also be possible, no?
         | 
         | Also, what about "going in through the out door" -- entering
         | the lymphatic system at the neck, and then endoscoping up into
         | the brain's glymphatic channels, and further back into the
         | brain itself?
        
         | Rastonbury wrote:
         | What about neurons/nerves in the spine or eye?
        
           | moremetadata wrote:
           | I'll stick with my mega doses of algal oil derived omega-3s
           | they are not so fishy in taste or burps.
           | 
           | Of all the tissues in the body, retina contains the highest
           | concentration of the omega-3 fatty acid (FA), docosahexaenoic
           | acid (DHA). Up to 60% of the total FA in rod outer segment
           | membrane phospholipids is DHA [1]. If you suffer from night
           | blindness something that happens as we age, DHA improves the
           | ability to see in low light conditions. [2]
           | 
           | The brain has the second highest lipid content behind adipose
           | tissue, and brain lipids constitute 50% of the brain dry
           | weight [3]. DHA makes up over 90% of the n-3 PUFAs in the
           | brain and 10%-20% of its total lipids. DHA is especially
           | concentrated in the gray matter [4]
           | 
           | After a 6month study researchers found DHA levels had
           | increased by 200% with the spinal fluid content only
           | increasing by 28% [5]. This study also didnt look at the
           | effect of tyrosine in the substantia nigra which besides
           | increasing the pheomelanin and eumelanin, that area of the
           | brain also acts an antioxidant or filter for metals in the
           | brain. [6]
           | 
           | What is ignored with omega 3 is the role it plays with
           | neutrophils, if you have a lot of pathogens, your neutrophil
           | numbers will go up which will reduce the amount of omega-3's
           | which can go to the brain, because Omega-3 supplementation
           | increases the EPA+DHA content of neutrophil membranes [7]
           | which improves their function at sensing pathogens and
           | interactive with other parts of the immune system.
           | [8,9,10,11] especially when considering todays levels of air
           | pollution from things like fossil fuels.
           | 
           | I'd also increase choline content for the brain [12] and
           | alveoli gas exchange which improves physical performance and
           | recovery rates. Some consider Choline should be consider
           | essential nutrition, [13] but chemo brain fog, covid brain
           | fog and baby brain pregnancy fog are all considered to be a
           | deficiency in choline, and whilst the connections between
           | neurons disappear, a stump is left on the neuron so when
           | enough choline enters the diet, the connections can reform
           | and you can get your memories back.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7601701/#:~:
           | tex....
           | 
           | [2] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3206354/
           | 
           | [3] https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fendo.2017.0
           | 006....
           | 
           | [4] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4772061/#:~:
           | tex....
           | 
           | [5]
           | https://www.nutraingredients.com/Article/2020/07/27/Pilot-
           | st...
           | 
           | [6] https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S03
           | 043...
           | 
           | [7] https://www.medrxiv.org/content/10.1101/2021.10.22.212646
           | 56v...
           | 
           | [8]
           | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=438EovW4tzs&ab_channel=NIAID
           | 
           | [9] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T4KJDIcx03
           | 
           | [10] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=I_xh-bkiv_c
           | 
           | [11] https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=muoXWTv2QRw&ab_channel=H
           | einr...
           | 
           | [12] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6585560/#:~
           | :tex....
           | 
           | [13] https://lpi.oregonstate.edu/mic/other-nutrients/choline
        
           | jlpom wrote:
           | Spine: intrathecal or systemic via AAV9 (eg. Zolgensma)
           | injection ; Eye: don't know
        
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