[HN Gopher] Keys to winning high intensity conflicts
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       Keys to winning high intensity conflicts
        
       Author : mhb
       Score  : 42 points
       Date   : 2023-02-28 19:30 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (austinvernon.site)
 (TXT) w3m dump (austinvernon.site)
        
       | TheGigaChad wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | klooney wrote:
       | > Even if the Russians got to fight in their perfect scenario of
       | an artillery slugfest, the US Army could still defeat the fully-
       | mobilized Soviet Union. US artillery and armor could cut down any
       | combination of human waves and simple tank attacks the Soviets
       | could manage.
       | 
       | Important asterisk- this war was never fought and this is all
       | speculation.
        
         | actionfromafar wrote:
         | Also, the European NATO/Soviet theatre was supposed to be
         | faught in a nuclear hellscape. The reason BMPs and T-72s are so
         | flimsy, is not because they are "bad". They were designed to be
         | used with ABC packages and crawl through corridors already
         | nuked "clean" by nuclear artillery. Even NATO anti-tank
         | helicoptors would have a hard time going in when there at any
         | moment could be a nuclear fireball in your path.
         | 
         | We will never find out if they are any good for what they were
         | designed. Most of them are destroyed now.
        
       | pelasaco wrote:
       | We know everything about the US systems, tactics and weapons, but
       | we dont anything about the chinese.. thats for sure an advantage
       | to the chineses..
        
         | Loughla wrote:
         | Do we?
        
         | ericmay wrote:
         | That's an awfully interesting assumption.
        
       | klodolph wrote:
       | > It is also challenging to produce and transport the mind-
       | boggling mass inaccurate weapons require.
       | 
       | "Garden path sentence."
        
         | readthenotes1 wrote:
         | how so? is "mass inaccurate weapons" a term I'm unfamiliar
         | with?
        
           | michael1999 wrote:
           | It is also challenging to produce and transport the mind-
           | boggling mass THAT inaccurate weapons require.
           | 
           | The sheer mass of steel and explosives that have to run on
           | railways to the Ukrainian front means inevitable shell-
           | hunger. The war is being fought in a kind of slow-motion
           | since materiel is the limiting reagent. I found the author's
           | explanation helpful to find the wisdom in the fancy high-tech
           | US path.
        
           | jessaustin wrote:
           | If you really didn't read this as "the mind-boggling mass
           | _that_ inaccurate weapons require ", QED.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | It's hard to partially parse the sentence until the very end.
           | If you remove the word "require", then "mass" seems more
           | likely to be an adjective, along the lines of "mass
           | destruction" or "mass casualty".
           | 
           | Inserting a "that" would help. ...mass _that_ inaccurate...
        
       | AtlasBarfed wrote:
       | wow is drone warfare going to go under RAPID evolution, but...
       | 
       | https://austinvernon.site/blog/starshipsuperweapon.html
       | 
       | Nuts and bolts: if the economics mature Starship can deliver
       | kinetic weaponry that is more effective and cheaper than any
       | major artillery round within 30 minutes of anywhere in the world.
       | 
       | ... that makes big assumptions about achieving 10$/kg, but likely
       | with the capabilities it enables, the pentagon would be happy
       | with 50-100$/kg.
       | 
       | Starship is a pure economic strategic weapon. It is very
       | difficult to engineer some sort of launch platform with such
       | (purported) economics. While the US is usually the one playing
       | loss leader in weapons usage, Starship would reverse this against
       | any nation state.
       | 
       | It's not just artillery, imagine drones and troop delivery in
       | 30-60 minutes around the world.
       | 
       | BUT, we'll see. Orbital test of Starship missed 2022, it's
       | supposed to be attempted soon?
       | 
       | Starship also enables orbital battle platforms with the mass it
       | can load.
       | 
       | Alas, militarization of space seems inevitable. One of the fermi
       | filters? everyone has nukes, someone gets to space, and has
       | strategic nuke delivery advantage (you can delivery a nuke from
       | orbit to surface a lot faster than an intercontinental arc), that
       | may trigger the nuke exchange before the space militarization
       | finances a piggybacked space economy.
        
         | KineticLensman wrote:
         | > imagine drones and troop delivery in 30-60 minutes around the
         | world.
         | 
         | To win the fight, you have to get to the fight. Starship re-
         | entry would be challenging in contested air space.
         | 
         | > Starship also enables orbital battle platforms with the mass
         | it can load.
         | 
         | Some ball bearings in a counter-orbit would be a good
         | asymmetric countermeasure.
        
           | Qem wrote:
           | > Some ball bearings in a counter-orbit would be a good
           | asymmetric countermeasure.
           | 
           | Artificial Kessler syndrome probably the cheapest superweapon
           | available. Probably won't require even an unreasonable amount
           | of bearings. Just enough to shred some satellites do generate
           | more shrapnel.
        
       | pphysch wrote:
       | You don't "win" a world war in the nuclear era. Everyone loses,
       | guaranteed.
        
         | hash872 wrote:
         | India and Pakistan fought a war in 1999 despite both sides
         | having nuclear weapons, if I'm not mistaken
        
           | pphysch wrote:
           | "World war" being the operative term. Border skirmishes are
           | not.
        
           | Xylakant wrote:
           | Afghanistan won a war against both nuclear powers, first
           | against the UDSSR, later against the USA.
        
             | 123pie123 wrote:
             | when I see statements like this I suspect (disclaimer - I
             | have zero knowledge, apart from reading the news) that
             | america lost the war and definately not.. Afganistan won
             | the war, due to fact there was politics involved in setting
             | the objectives
             | 
             | lets face it, if america _REALLY_ wanted to win at all
             | costs (like the british did) Afganistan would be a complete
             | and utter wasteland - but the political costs would have
             | been too high
        
               | Xylakant wrote:
               | Almost no war is won by entirely defeating the opponent.
               | Most wars end because the costs of continuing the war
               | exceed the acceptable threshold for one party. The
               | Taliban got what they fought for - they won. (Whether the
               | Taliban represent the majority of the Afghan Population
               | is a separate matter)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jessaustin wrote:
       | Lots of this seems plausible at a glance, but overall it is
       | highly theoretical. USA hasn't "won" a war since 1945. That
       | result was mostly determined by USSR. The USA portion of the
       | result was determined by a quickly-assembled force of farmboys
       | and factory workers led by the same rather than by a professional
       | standing army led by the Pentagon. The Pentagon is incapable of
       | developing weapons and tactics that win wars, because for its
       | entire existence it has been judged by a different metric. We
       | should expect conflicts over which the Pentagon has some
       | influence to be extended and made more resource-intensive than
       | even the marketing can justify. The Pentagon always does that,
       | because that's how armaments manufacturers make more money.
       | 
       | We should avoid wars in general, but we should especially avoid a
       | world war with China, Russia, India, and the rest of their many
       | allies. We got beaten by the Taliban, but if we fight 3 billion
       | people we'll get curb-stomped.
        
         | SlickNixon wrote:
         | The Pentagon was completed in 1943. There may be some relation
         | between your "farmboys and factory works" and the organization
         | that occupies it now.
        
         | AlotOfReading wrote:
         | You should brush up a bit on your military history. The
         | standard combat-readiness training time was 8+ months during
         | WW2 (see [0]), which puts it quite a distance from a "quickly-
         | assembled force of farmboys and factory workers".
         | 
         | Similarly, the USSR's victory and WW2 as a whole is much more
         | accurately called an allied victory. The US played a
         | significant role in supporting soviet industrial capacity with
         | programs like Lend-Lease that allowed them to actually fight
         | the war. Other nations contributed to the war in their own
         | ways. It's not a contest for who deserves all the credit.
         | 
         | [0]
         | https://www.reddit.com/r/AskHistorians/comments/7wwo7w/how_l...
        
         | seanw444 wrote:
         | First off, India is not friends with China. They're generally
         | aligned with the west.
         | 
         | And also, a world war doesn't mean USA vs everyone else. It
         | means USA+UN+NATO vs. Russia, China, and their respective
         | vassal states. Worst case (and most likely) scenario is
         | everyone loses. But we wouldn't be exclusively curb-stomped.
        
           | jessaustin wrote:
           | India happily talks to and does business with everyone. (In
           | Pakistan's case one might not say "happily"?) Over the last
           | year, it has not taken part in the economic sanctions that
           | USA and its vassals have attempted to impose. Both India and
           | Russia have profited from this decision. We can expect India
           | and similar nations throughout Asia, Africa, and Latin
           | America to continue to pursue their own interests. Therefore,
           | they will form part of our opponents' industrial base. They
           | won't attack our forces until we attack theirs, but they
           | won't be any more "aligned" with us than they are right now.
           | 
           | Since much of our own industrial base is in China, our
           | military will prosper while the rest of us will lack most
           | human comforts. Some portion of our military will be diverted
           | from the battlefield to curtail the resulting unrest. We will
           | lose, much more painfully than we lost in Korea or Syria or
           | any of the intervening wars. Alaska, Hawaii, and all Pacific
           | territories will be gone. We'll lose most of our foreign
           | bases. The dollar will be worthless. American-owned
           | intellectual property will disappear. Australia will be
           | (re-)colonized. Germany will re-militarize, and Europe will
           | remember why that's bad. (One might expect that also of
           | Japan, but they are probably too geriatric now.) The portion
           | of Ukraine that Russia doesn't take will be taken by Poland.
           | Israel will abandon us in favor of the Saudi/UAE axis, but
           | that group will itself decide to coexist with regional rivals
           | rather than follow us down the drain. USA itself might split
           | into several pieces, none of which would be capable of the
           | sort of excessive militarism we've inflicted on the world for
           | the last 120 years. So, not totally bad.
        
         | TheGigaChad wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | toss1 wrote:
         | >>USA hasn't "won" a war since 1945. That result was mostly
         | determined by USSR.
         | 
         | You seem to have missed the fact that the USSR no longer
         | exists; the cold war was most certainly "won" by the US,
         | primarily by outspending, outdeveloping, and outmaneuvering the
         | Soviets in the 'peace'.
         | 
         | All the other wars since 1945 that you cite the US as "losing"
         | were fought under extreme Rules of Engagement restrictions for
         | political reasons, nothing like the terms of any more all-out
         | war. The Taliban didn't beat us, we got bored and left, and
         | they quickly defeated the Afghan govt which had failed to stand
         | up (and much of which was bought out ahead of time).
         | 
         | You also omit engagements like the Iraq war, where the fifth
         | largest army in the world was taken out in a few weeks, with
         | fewer than 150 US troops KIA. Someone I worked with who'd flown
         | helicopters in-theater, told me in no uncertain terms that the
         | main reason that the US didn't 'finish' and take Baghdad was
         | that they didn't want the world's news to see the Iraqi carnage
         | - literally hundreds of miles of nothing but burned out
         | vehicles and bodies. Not exactly the US 'getting stomped'.
         | 
         | For a current example, just look to Ukraine, where a relatively
         | small force is decimating what was considered to be the 2nd-
         | best military on the planet, using only 3rd-shelf inventory
         | from other democracies. Every time the Russians get behind-the-
         | scenes warned by the US, both on nuclear sabre-rattling and
         | Biden's visit to Kyiv, they back down. Because they know that
         | the half-life of their Mil in Ukr & Black Sea would be measured
         | in double-digit minutes if the US Mil got involved.
         | 
         | If China thought the way you did, and thought they could
         | undermine the US or NATO, they'd have already given serious
         | arms to Russia. They haven't even begun to do so.
         | 
         | The principle here is that if a person or country wants to live
         | a self-determined life with a self-determined government, they
         | need to be better armed, prepared, and allied than any bully or
         | adversary.
         | 
         | The west thought for decades that appeasement would work, but
         | Russia ended that era on 24-Feb-2022. The US mil is still the
         | most lethal fighting force in history, and US and NATO are now
         | rapidly ramping up. You want to challenge that head on? Good
         | luck; you'll need it. Both Putin and Xi already know better.
        
         | prmph wrote:
         | This notion that the US is somehow weak because it has
         | seemingly not won any wars since ww2 misses something:
         | 
         | The US has historically been held back by internal unease over
         | human right violations and the morality of the wars. Were the
         | US to prosecute wars like how Russia does (for e.g., in
         | Chechenya and Ukraine) the results would likely be devastating.
         | 
         | The Taliban did not beat the US. The US realized it was a fools
         | errand to try to democratize Afghanistan. The fool-proof way to
         | "fix" Afghanistan would have been to level it, lay waste to it,
         | making it virtually uninhabitable, but that was morally
         | indefensible.
        
         | hash872 wrote:
         | Didn't the US win the First Gulf War? What else would you call
         | that?
        
           | pwinnski wrote:
           | At the risk of becoming a guy who recommends a ten-hour
           | podcast in answer to single questions, here's a ten-hour
           | podcast to answer your single question:
           | https://blowback.show/Season-1
           | 
           | I would call it many things, but "a war we won" is not one of
           | them, not at all.
        
           | jessaustin wrote:
           | If you win the war you get to go home. USA presence in the
           | Arabian peninsula was cited by ObL as the reason for 9/11.
           | Kuwait does export useful hydrocarbons, but much less than
           | the Kingdom which could have increased production to make up
           | for a temporary pause of Kuwait exports. The pause would have
           | been temporary because Iraq would have restarted the export
           | of Kuwaiti hydrocarbons as soon as possible. If anything,
           | fighting a war disrupted the market more than not fighting it
           | would have.
           | 
           | A war that was fought for no reason, that didn't end before
           | causing the most disastrous attack on USA soil since 1814, I
           | would call "dumb".
        
             | 123pie123 wrote:
             | >If you win the war you get to go home
             | 
             | so America lost WWII then by that logic, because they never
             | went home?
        
             | toss1 wrote:
             | >>A war that was fought for no reason
             | 
             | Serious ignorance, right there.
             | 
             | The entire reason the war was fought was to enforce the
             | principle that taking other sovereign territory by force is
             | not acceptable.
             | 
             | It is the same reason that we support Ukraine's fight for
             | self-determination.
             | 
             | You can always make excuses to allow bullies to win. As you
             | pointed out, we didn't rescue Kuwait for their oil, which
             | Iraq would have soon put back on the market. We -- the
             | entire alliance of free-world nations -- did it, and are
             | helping Ukraine, to support self-determination.
             | 
             | Once the principle is established of allowing bullies and
             | autocrats to take what they want, it will never end until
             | they have everything.
        
       | HideousKojima wrote:
       | Seems like a like of armchair general theory-crafting without
       | much substance. Yeah, a $75,000 gravity bomb with some form of
       | guidance to target ships is cheaper than a cruise missile, but a
       | bomber capable of getting within range of a carrier group to drop
       | such a bomb is far more expensive than the cruise missile.
       | 
       | And it misses the single most important rule of war: weapons
       | don't win wars, logistics does. See Russia's failed push on Kiev
       | last year for an example of this, or Germany for the entire
       | eastern front of WW2.
        
         | radicalbyte wrote:
         | ..and this is why the American war machine is so effective.
         | Their logistics are absolutely amazing.
         | 
         | You know who else is really really good at Logistics? China.
        
           | ericmay wrote:
           | > You know who else is really really good at Logistics?
           | China.
           | 
           | What do you base this on? And how does it translate to
           | potential military engagements?
        
           | klooney wrote:
           | Also, they have a large and still functional industrial base.
        
             | yamtaddle wrote:
             | US industrial production is at or near all-time highs, no?
        
               | gumby wrote:
               | In dollar volume yes. In mass of materiel, or
               | flexibility, less so.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | giraffe_lady wrote:
       | The horniness for war machines on this site has just gotten too
       | extreme in the last year. Y'all need to stop fantasizing about
       | the killing machines for entertainment it's bad for your soul.
        
         | seanw444 wrote:
         | They're machines. People find machines and how they function
         | interesting, regardless of their purpose.
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | Yes and this is bad. Their purpose is part of what they are
           | you shouldn't ignore it just because you think they're nifty.
        
             | seanw444 wrote:
             | Do you have a concept of self-defense? If we stop being
             | interested in being one step ahead, we become slaves of
             | another. That's how it goes, no matter how much "peace,
             | love, and happiness" you try to manifest.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | What about self defense requires you to use the
               | technological sophistication of war weapons as
               | entertainment?
        
               | seanw444 wrote:
               | What? Military research has benefits outside of military
               | use. V-2s became Saturn Vs on the way to the moon, which
               | begat ICBMs. Haber-Bosch method gave us more fertilizer,
               | but also more explosives. Lasers can be used for hair
               | removal surgery, or as guidance systems for rockets.
               | Explosives _themselves_ can be used for civil engineering
               | purposes. The Me 262 was meant to be an agile fighter,
               | but now we use its technology to haul millions of people
               | a day across the world.
               | 
               | Thinking about war technology as strictly evil and "must
               | avoid" is honestly stupid.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | ok sean I think you've moved the goalposts pretty far now
               | to be justified in calling me stupid. I surely am but
               | only for participating in this experiment in paring away
               | context until fighter jets become tools for human
               | thriving.
               | 
               | good work here I really think you should go watch some
               | videos of them being used though especially the ones with
               | children involved.
        
             | 123pie123 wrote:
             | one of my childhood fantasies was to create weapons that
             | kill very effienctly
             | 
             | once I had the opportunity to get a job in this field
             | (electronics area) in my early 20's, I then questioned my
             | morals and realised I didn't want to contribute to killing
             | people
             | 
             | many decades later, I'm not so moralistic - esp with the
             | UKR / rus war
             | 
             | but that ship has sailed
        
             | criddell wrote:
             | Viruses kill a lot of people. Is it bad to interested in
             | viruses?
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Is there a large scale multi-generation propaganda
               | campaign to normalize the creation and deployment of
               | lethal viruses on a global scale and to recruit people
               | into their construction to that purpose? If so yes it's
               | bad to be interested in viruses.
        
               | 123pie123 wrote:
               | most technical advances are a double edge sword
               | 
               | there is no good or bad science
        
         | samsolomon wrote:
         | A year ago a war broke out in Europe--it's still happening.
         | Worldwide that has caused an increased interest in war and
         | technologies associated with it.
        
           | freeopinion wrote:
           | I'm often intrigued by the use of passive voice in language.
           | This is a particularly interesting one to me. I don't mean
           | this as a criticism of samsolomon. I just find language and
           | its connection to thought and action interesting.
           | 
           | A war did something, as if all by itself. That expression
           | contains so much dangerous obfuscation, but also potential
           | for insight. Russia attacked Ukraine, and in this way "a war
           | broke out".
           | 
           | In the parent comment, the details are not the point. The
           | passive voice serves well to get to the point the author is
           | trying to make. Yet at the same time it reinforces the point
           | to which the author is responding. It glosses over the horror
           | of the war so that we can get to the interesting parts.
        
             | upsidesinclude wrote:
             | >Russia attacked Ukraine
             | 
             | This is accurate, but it isn't the _war_ being fought and
             | it is hardly the first volley.
             | 
             | Ukraine is a mostly unwilling participant in a much larger
             | game. If you choose a most peculiar and narrow view
             | regarding the nature of this conflict, it seems somewhat
             | obtuse to question another comments "voice"
        
           | giraffe_lady wrote:
           | I didn't ask why I said it's bad.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Indeed. Two years ago an interest in tanks and artillery
           | shells was about last on my list, almost a historical
           | curiosity. But suddenly I've become _extremely_ interested,
           | as it 's become one of the top geopolitical focus points of
           | our time.
           | 
           | But "horniness for war machines" is as far from the truth as
           | you can get. It's really just an interest in what it takes to
           | preserve democracy. We can go for decades of peace and forget
           | that sometimes preserving democracy really does depend on
           | tanks and bullets, when an autocrat decides to attack.
        
             | l33tbro wrote:
             | Preserving democracy?
             | 
             | Ah yes, those fine captains of industry from the Military
             | Industrial Complex. Deeply enmeshed in the fabric of
             | Washington policy and always acting for the benefits of
             | freedom and democracy.
             | 
             | "A racket is best described, I believe, as something that
             | is not what it seems to the majority of the people. Only a
             | small "inside" group knows what it is about. It is
             | conducted for the benefit of the very few, at the expense
             | of the very many. Out of war a few people make huge
             | fortunes." - Smedley Butler
        
               | tgsovlerkhgsel wrote:
               | The war in Ukraine has demonstrated that even if you have
               | no intention to fight a war, an aggressive neighbor may
               | have other ideas, so you don't have a choice other than
               | being ready for it, if you want to continue existing as
               | an independent country.
               | 
               | How you're ready for it can vary, but deterrence by
               | having better weapons is one effective way. In the best
               | case, it works and you don't have a war. And if it
               | doesn't, you still have better weapons to end the war -
               | and preferably keep it on the enemy's territory so the
               | destruction happens there and not in your country.
               | 
               | Right now, Ukraine has its cities leveled, while Russia
               | is (with a few exceptions) "only" losing military gear
               | and personnel.
        
           | scatters wrote:
           | The war _started_ in 2014, with the invasion of Crimea and
           | the Dobnas. The 2022 invasion was an escalation.
        
         | fasteddie31003 wrote:
         | I'd argue that war machines are some of the most influential
         | technology that will shape the world. They are very interesting
         | to me.
        
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       (page generated 2023-02-28 23:02 UTC)