[HN Gopher] AMD releases a new flagship CPU for consumer market ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       AMD releases a new flagship CPU for consumer market with 128M of L3
       Cache
        
       Author : treesciencebot
       Score  : 193 points
       Date   : 2023-02-27 15:10 UTC (7 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.techpowerup.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.techpowerup.com)
        
       | Salgat wrote:
       | I'm not a fan of how they park the slower CCD, since it means
       | that the scheduler will try to force all processes onto the same
       | CCD (regardless of whether it's for the game), instead of
       | offloading the non-game workloads onto the other CCD. This is an
       | issue if you run background tasks (such as streaming) or have
       | multiple monitors setup for other things like browser etc.
        
         | bick_nyers wrote:
         | In addition, different game threads for the same game (or even
         | functions within the game threads!) may benefit differently.
         | Physics calculations may benefit from cache in a different way
         | from other game calculations. Even if you zoom into the
         | different type of physics calculations, there are ballistics,
         | soft-body physics, hair, clothing, foliage, water, etc.
         | 
         | It would be interesting to see what kind of performance could
         | be achieved with PERFECT scheduling. That would probably
         | require the CPU to do process scheduling via specialized
         | circuitry though as opposed to (or in conjunction with) the OS.
        
         | mmis1000 wrote:
         | I think I already have similar troubles with that about Radeon
         | gpu. Their driver (or window11 itself) directs all GPU resource
         | into the foreground app aggressively and basically stop the
         | background app from using it. But I am trying to recording the
         | game using obs. This basically make obs unusable if the gpu is
         | near 100% usage. And sometimes it went even wrong, It decides
         | to direct all gpu resource to the browser on my second screen,
         | and I got 30fps on the game. I usually need a reboot to make it
         | work correctly again.
         | 
         | I'd like them just add a toggle to let me select who use the
         | gpu first or evenly instead. And their guesses never went
         | right.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Can I have a mode where some of that 128M is never flushed to
       | RAM?
       | 
       | For example, I'd quite like my disk encryption key to never end
       | up in RAM - it's much harder to steal from inside a running
       | CPU...
        
         | imiric wrote:
         | Isn't the TPM meant for precisely that use case?
        
           | londons_explore wrote:
           | The TPM is good for _storing_ keys, but can 't actually
           | decrypt/encrypt large amounts of data fast as required for
           | disk encryption. So the key ends up temporarily stored in
           | RAM.
           | 
           | The fact that most people leave their computers in sleep mode
           | means that to a determined attacker, disk encryption is
           | bypass able by reading the key from RAM.
        
             | smileybarry wrote:
             | I _think_ the current sleep implementation in Windows
             | flushes the key from memory before entering sleep, and re-
             | fetches it on-wake. That 's one reason for those "BitLocker
             | PC doesn't wake from sleep" bugs in quirky setups.
        
         | mmis1000 wrote:
         | AMD has a cpu extension (something called SME) that make vm ram
         | data never appears as cleartext in actual ram. It is done by
         | encrypt the ram data before going out from cpu using a key that
         | is only available to cpu itself. But I remembered that it is a
         | ryzen pro only feature.
        
       | IAmNotACellist wrote:
       | I just need to know one thing: how does it compare to the
       | i9-13900K in VRChat?
        
       | pshirshov wrote:
       | That's awesome but I'm still looking for new Threadrippers.
       | 
       | I hope that HEDT isn't dead and it might be at least barely
       | affordable (e.g. 32 cores for less than $2K as it was with 39xx
       | lineup)
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Semaphor wrote:
       | Related and also interesting: Ryzen 7950X3D with One CCD Disabled
       | - The 7800X3D Preview
       | 
       | https://www.techpowerup.com/review/ryzen-7800x3d-performance...
        
         | justsomehnguy wrote:
         | > Where AMD X3D is taking the wrecking ball to Intel is power
         | consumption. Our simulated Ryzen 7 7800X3D is one of the most
         | energy-efficient CPUs we ever tested. In gaming it consumes 44
         | W on average, while the competition is wasting a ton of energy
         | to achieve the same FPS: 13900K (143 W), 13700K (107 W), 13600K
         | (89 W)--all more than twice the power usage than AMD's new
         | gaming gem.
         | 
         | Wow. I don't needed such CPU now, but if I needed a low-
         | noise/silent _but performant_ PC I would definitely look at
         | this one.
        
           | Semaphor wrote:
           | Yeah, I'm pretty happy with my older and slower 3600, but
           | after the preview I thought this might be an interesting
           | upgrade in the future after prices for AM5 boards, DDR5, and
           | the CPUs fall.
        
           | WeylandYutani wrote:
           | I often game at night and less noise is definitely a point in
           | favour to AMD!
        
         | Macha wrote:
         | The one caveat here is that actual 7800X3Ds might not be binned
         | as well as the top end model, so I'd wait for real 7800X3D
         | reviews if you're thinking about pre-ordering one based on this
         | experiment.
        
           | doikor wrote:
           | Based on tech powerup tests the cores with the v-cache do not
           | clock that high. The advertised 700MHz higher clockrate is
           | for the non v-cache cores. I highly doubt AMD would release a
           | part that does not hit the advertised numbers (which on the
           | 7800X3D apply to the v-cache cores as that is all it has)
           | 
           | > A 700 MHz frequency difference may sound like lot first,
           | but as the data in our full Ryzen 9 7950X3D review shows
           | today, the frequencies significantly above 5 GHz are only
           | reachable on the second CCD, the one that does not have the
           | cache, so it can run higher voltages, which lets it achieve
           | those clock speeds.
        
       | TacticalCoder wrote:
       | Does this 7950X3D have an iGPU?
       | 
       | P.S: the table in TFA lists the 7700 as having the same 105W as
       | the 7700X. I think that's a slight mistake and the 7700 is 65W
       | max listed TDP instead. FWIW I'm considering a 7700 for I'm not
       | ultra happy with my 3700X (one of the reason being it has no iGPU
       | and I could find a passive GPU with a NVidia chipset, forcing me
       | to use proprietary drivers in Linux and it's a major PITA for if
       | I hack on ther kernel I then need to apply the NVidia patches
       | every time)
        
         | arprocter wrote:
         | If you're on a 3700X you'll need a new board and RAM for AM5
         | 
         | Assuming your motherboard has video outputs it'll be much
         | cheaper to stay on AM4 and throw in a 5700G
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | I think I'll just get rid of it (give it to the wife or
           | something): there are several things I don't like about it.
           | No USB-C port (sure I could add an adapter), only 1 Gb/s
           | ethernet on the mobo, etc. I'm not even sure I can just put a
           | 5700G in it without having the flashing mobo.
           | 
           | I'll probably build something around an Asus B650-Plus mobo:
           | it's got USB-C stock, 2.5 Gbit/s ethernet, DDR5 (I know it's
           | pricier and boots slower, but it's faster too), etc.
           | 
           | I'll reuse one of the NVMe .2 SSD I've got laying around so
           | the whole build should set me back 1 K EUR (with 32 GB of
           | DDR5), which is quite okay.
        
           | carom wrote:
           | I just fell into this hole. Started a rebuild and the only
           | thing moving to the new computer is my 3090.
        
             | arprocter wrote:
             | Yeah - I was debating switching from 5600X to 5800X3D, but
             | it probably makes more sense to wait for the AM5 dust to
             | settle and redo the whole thing
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | I vaguely remember that the iGPUs in the 7000 series had some
         | trouble with Linux support. May be wrong, but do look into
         | that. Might need a bleeding-edge kernel and mesa.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | There was a blog post posted here a few weeks/months(?) ago
           | but basically the person was using an old kernel. I'll look
           | more into it.
        
             | brucethemoose2 wrote:
             | This is a recurring theme with AMD, going back to (at
             | least?) the Zen 1 APUs.
             | 
             | Initial linux support is buggy, and you basically have to
             | run a bleeding edge kernel.
        
         | alanfranz wrote:
         | You can find some passive rx550 and rx560 which work great on
         | Linux with OSS drivers.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Ah nice, I'll try to see if I can find one that can do 4K @
           | 75 Hz (well 3840x1600 really, not 4K but if it does 4K it's
           | good for me).
        
         | treesciencebot wrote:
         | Yes [1]! IIRC the iGPU is located in the I/O die [2] which is
         | pretty much the same in all their consumer SKUs (so I don't
         | expect any changes in either memory controller or the iGPU for
         | their X3D models).
         | 
         | [1]: https://www.amd.com/en/products/apu/amd-ryzen-9-7950x3d
         | [2]: https://chipsandcheese.com/2023/01/05/amds-
         | zen-4-part-3-syst...
        
         | W1zzardTPU wrote:
         | Thanks for pointing out the error in the specs table, I failed
         | at copy paste, fixed now ;)
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | My pleasure and thanks for fixing it!
        
         | brucethemoose2 wrote:
         | Yes, its very minimal though, and AMD makes more "balanced"
         | CPUs with an IGP that might work with your existing
         | motherboard.
         | 
         | The 3 die chips like this are probably not the best choice for
         | passive cooling, as they burn a lot of power on interchip
         | communication.
        
           | TacticalCoder wrote:
           | Oh I don't necessarily want to passive cool the whole box...
           | I typically stuff a Be Quiet! CPU cooler and a BeQuiet! PSU
           | and I'm happy like that.
        
         | zekica wrote:
         | Yes, it has an iGPU like all 7xxx desktop Ryzen CPUs. But the
         | GPU has only 2 RDNA2 CUs compared to 96 RDNA3 CUs in Radeon
         | RX7900XTX, or 80 RDNA2 CUs in RX6900XT. For example, mobile
         | Ryzen 6800H has 12 RDNA2 CUs. So it is fine for desktop use
         | like the Intel (non XE) iGPUs.
        
         | Macha wrote:
         | What do you need the iGPU to render?
         | 
         | A desktop or IPMI? Sure, it has one.
         | 
         | An actual game? It may as well not. It won't compete with the
         | iGPUs on Intel CPUs or even AMD's APUs.
        
       | brundolf wrote:
       | Silly question: what constrains cache sizes? What prevents just
       | making them bigger and bigger?
        
         | hajile wrote:
         | Cache size is constrained by different things at different
         | levels.
         | 
         | Cache uses 6 transistors per bit while normal RAM uses 1
         | transistor and 1 capacitor. You can buy a LOT more RAM per
         | dollar than you could buy cache. This has been further
         | exacerbated by poor SRAM scaling with each new fabrication
         | node. It's usually 20-30% instead of 60-80% for other
         | transistors and is actually 0% for TSMC's upcoming N3 node. AMD
         | chose to fab their RDNA 3 GPU die on 5nm, but their SRAM dies
         | on 6nm because the cost savings were much bigger than the
         | effect of a slightly larger die.
         | 
         | DRAM typically has a maximum cycle speed of around 300-500MHz
         | due to the capacitors having more restrictive charge/discharge
         | rates (when you see something like 6400MT/s, that's not random
         | access speed, but is instead the aggregate speed of _slowly_
         | reading thousands of cells in parallel at one time into a cache
         | then quickly sending the results over the wire).
         | 
         | Once you move away from bulk storage into high-performance
         | caches, you have to discuss speed, latency, and associativity.
         | As cache gets bigger, keeping lookup times low requires more
         | and more transistors to control the cache and keep it coherent
         | with both the CPU/threads and main memory. If you want to make
         | that controller smaller, it will mean lowering clockspeeds,
         | altering latencies, changing associativity, etc. At a physical
         | level, faster caches will require higher-performance
         | transistors which require more die space and power per
         | transistor too.
         | 
         | Sometimes, the tradeoffs aren't what you might expect. A great
         | example is AMD moving from 64kb of I-cache in Zen1 to 32kb
         | I-cache in Zen 2, 3, and 4 because they found the tighter
         | latencies were more important in their uarch than the higher
         | hit rate.
         | 
         | There's a further constraint for AMD's 3D chip where the cache
         | reduces heat transfer forcing lower CPU clockspeeds.
         | Unfortunately there's not much room on the substrate to add the
         | cache _beside_ the CPU. Infinity Cache on RDNA3 also uses a
         | significant portion of it 's die space for the super-fast
         | interconnect with the GPU die. I suspect a similar thing
         | happens here too.
        
         | IshKebab wrote:
         | Die space. There's a maximum reticle size. You can't make chips
         | bigger than that without using multi-chip techniques like wafer
         | scale integration, chiplets and so on.
         | 
         | If you do a full reticle chip and use most of it for memory you
         | can get about 1GB of SRAM. But that would also be extremely
         | expensive.
        
           | hajile wrote:
           | It's not quite as bad as you might think (though it is bad).
           | 
           | TSMC N5 is 0.021um per SRAM cell in high-density
           | configuration (still going to be 5-10x faster switching than
           | DRAM). That's about 47.62 bits/um. With 1,000,000 um2 per
           | mm2. EUV reticle limit is 858mm2.
           | 
           | That amounts to 40,857,142,857 bits or about 4.756GB. That's
           | almost exactly 250 dies per wafer. TSMC N5 wafers cost
           | $17,000 or roughly $68 per chip (you can get very close to
           | 100% yields on this kind of very basic chip). If we use part
           | of the chip for internal controllers and interconnects, it
           | would be about $70 per 2-4GB.
           | 
           | The highest-clocked DDR5 RAM I could find with minimal
           | searching was $360 for 32GB.
           | 
           | The SRAM version would cost $560 at the cheapest for just the
           | 32GB RAM not counting the RAM controller chips and all the
           | packaging costs. With profits and everything included, your
           | final price tag would likely be around $750 if you could
           | produce in bulk and $1000 if you could not.
           | 
           | On the plus side, worrying about stuff like CAS latency would
           | basically be a thing of the past with the bottleneck once
           | again becoming the speed over the wire. Power consumption
           | would also be lower without the need to constantly refresh. I
           | doubt that anyone wants to pay that much money for
           | disproportionally marginal increase in performance, but
           | looking at all the people forking over thousands to scalpers
           | for GPUs, maybe I'm wrong.
        
         | pizza234 wrote:
         | AFAIK, power and speed. There's an interesting paper on this
         | topic: [Cache Design Trade-offs for Power and Performance
         | Optimization: A Case
         | Study](http://iacoma.cs.uiuc.edu/CS497/LP5a.pdf).
        
           | moffkalast wrote:
           | "With power and speed one can achieve many things."
           | 
           | - Jeremy Clarkson
        
         | pyrolistical wrote:
         | Distance (hence latency) to compute cores? This is why stacking
         | works. The z distance wasn't previously utilized
        
         | cma wrote:
         | SRAM burns more power and uses more die space than DRAM
         | 
         | Some do make them bigger and bigger, like the whole-die
         | cerebras AI chip.
        
           | hajile wrote:
           | That's only partially true.
           | 
           | SRAM doesn't need to be refreshed constantly like DRAM, so
           | SRAM will use LESS power when not switching. We think it's
           | different because something like L1 cache is CONSTANTLY
           | switching. It should be noted that the power cost per GB
           | still isn't worse than DRAM, but there's way more data being
           | transferred.
           | 
           | Once you reach L3/L4 cache, it's not switching nearly as
           | often and the actual total power becomes way less than
           | sending data over from RAM. This is one reason why AMD (and
           | now Nvidia) saved so much power with Infinity Cache on RDNA
           | 2.
           | 
           | The big issue with SRAM is that it requires 6 transistors per
           | bit while DRAM requires 1 bit plus 1 capacitor, so capacity
           | per mm2 of die area is much worse. That capacitor keeps thing
           | cheap, but is also the reason why individual DRAM cells can
           | only operate at 300-500MHz while SRAM can easily operate into
           | the many GHz range.
        
         | stracer wrote:
         | More cache means slower read/write operations to it, and less
         | transistors for other things.
        
         | convolvatron wrote:
         | suprised there are three answers that dont mention area. the
         | larger a die is the more expensive it is to produce, since the
         | chance of getting a defect goes up. wafer-scale integration
         | works by providing sufficient redundancy and/or routing to
         | avoid damaged areas, but that too has a cost.
        
       | mixmastamyk wrote:
       | Do we have an easy to find brand/line with ECC memory at
       | reasonable prices yet?
        
         | oynqr wrote:
         | Nope
        
         | runjake wrote:
         | I don't know what reasonable prices are to you, but
         | PCPartPicker can answer your question:
         | 
         | https://pcpartpicker.com/products/memory/#E=1,11
         | 
         | Filter for the memory amount and prices that work for you.
        
           | wtallis wrote:
           | You could have at least chosen a set of filters restricted to
           | memory that's actually compatible with the CPUs under
           | discussion: requiring DDR5, and only supporting unbuffered
           | DIMMS. The correct filters are:
           | https://pcpartpicker.com/products/memory/#E=1&b=ddr5
        
         | lavezzi wrote:
         | At least the DDR5 memory I have been tracking in recent months
         | has come down like ~40%
        
         | treesciencebot wrote:
         | 2 x 32GB ECC UDIMM DDR5-4800 RAM is going around for ~280$ here
         | (including a %20 VAT, so I'd assume it would be a little bit
         | cheaper in the states). Not really unreasonable considering
         | regular DIMMs (albeit with higher speeds like 6000) going for
         | 400$ for the same configuration.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | Not merely the modules but chipset and firmware support are
           | required as well. Sometimes they are even incompatible so
           | certification comes up. Put together a few cheap things and
           | the price jumps to business levels.
        
       | xeromal wrote:
       | Why do people use M for Megabytes?
        
         | zamadatix wrote:
         | The way I understand it JEDEC had standardized KB/MB/GB being
         | multiple-of-2-based in memory specs prior to the IEC
         | standardising KiB/MiB/GiB for the same. As a result it kind of
         | just stuck in the space since the idea of multiple-of-10 cache
         | is a bit silly anyways so there is no risk for confusion.
        
           | sp332 wrote:
           | That doesn't answer why people use M instead of MB let alone
           | MiB.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | Razengan wrote:
         | Right they should use  for Biggabytes (the hierarchy being byte
         | < bigbyte < biggabyte < biggestbytes)
        
           | alex_duf wrote:
           | I think OP meant, why not using the standardised MiB, and the
           | answer is: because it's not that well known.
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | AnandTech sees some intriguing regressions on certain benchmarks,
       | 
       | https://www.anandtech.com/show/18747/the-amd-ryzen-9-7950x3d... (
       | _" CPU Benchmark Performance: Simulation"_)
       | 
       | Worst is Factorio, which is down -47% against the 5800X3D (a
       | previous-generation CPU that also uses stacked L3 cache), on the
       | benchmark "10K trains". Wonder what's going on there?
       | 
       | - _" We would have expected higher performance in our Factorio
       | benchmark, as the Ryzen 7 5800X3D and its 3D V-Cache did yield
       | some impressive gains. This is likely due to the AMD PPM
       | Provisioning and 3D V-Cache driver opting for frequency over
       | cache when running this benchmark."_
        
         | shock-value wrote:
         | Typical AMD self-defeating negligence -- leave one of the games
         | most likely to benefit from the v-cache off the whitelist of
         | titles set to preferentially use it until after the initial
         | review window.
        
           | brucethemoose2 wrote:
           | Factorio (unfortunately) isn't a very typical benchmark.
           | 
           | The "run AAAs at low graphics at 1080p" trend among review
           | sites is kinda stupid though.
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | jrmg wrote:
           | Is there a point to going beyond 60 updates/s in Factorio?
           | Because if not the system seems to be doing the correct thing
           | and using less power. I hope AMD isn't causing higher power
           | usage for all users just to game some benchmarks!
        
             | Filligree wrote:
             | 60 updates/second only happens while you're still running a
             | small base.
        
             | FeepingCreature wrote:
             | It's not like the CPU looks at the FPS to decide how to
             | clock. Factorio has extremely variable CPU demand as your
             | base grows.
        
               | jrmg wrote:
               | Modern CPU and scheduler combos will in fact try to do
               | that or, at least, do something that has that as a second
               | order effect. They'll try to run the CPU at a speed that
               | evens out regular bursts into steady loads, on the lowest
               | power core on which that's possible to do.
               | 
               | Edit: although, for that to work for this workload
               | Factorio itself would need to be updating at a steady 60
               | updates/s, which I guess is not actually the case here...
        
           | likeclockwork wrote:
           | What driver is responsible for assigning specific games to
           | specific CPU CCDs?
           | 
           | Is this a real thing? Is it available on Linux? Or am I
           | sticking with Intel?
        
             | goosedragons wrote:
             | It's the CPU scheduler. You can easily avoid this by just
             | not buying an X3D variant. Recent Intel CPUs can have the
             | same problem where processes get assigned to the efficiency
             | cores instead of performance cores if the right scheduler
             | isn't used (like by using Windows 10 or an old Linux distro
             | without explicit support)
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | Or buy an X3D that's homogeneous, like the 5800X3D or
               | upcoming 7800X3D.
               | 
               | I have no idea why AMD made the 7950X3D be this weird
               | 50/50 split. Why not make both CCDs have 3D V-cache and
               | make it the true halo part it should be? Then cut costs
               | with the 7900X3D?
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | The added cache isn't free; the CCD with vcache runs at a
               | significantly lower clock speed. If every task was always
               | put on the most appropriate CCD, the heterogeneous
               | approach is pretty much a direct advantage, as frequency-
               | sensitive workloads get high frequencies and cache-
               | sensitive workloads get lots of cache.
               | 
               | Whether it will ever get good enough at picking CCD
               | remains to be seen though.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | Perhaps but I have no idea how any scheduler can possibly
               | figure out if a workload is frequency or cache sensitive.
               | The current strategy seems to be "if game, use cache,
               | else use frequency" and it sorta works OK-ish? Although
               | then there's games that aren't detected right (like
               | Factorio) and it's then a terrible result.
               | 
               | But if you look at single threaded results with it set to
               | "prefer cache" it's not really _that_ much slower. Yes
               | you 'd have a flagship with lower single-threaded
               | Cinebench results, but I mean that also happens with
               | pretty much every HEDT platform and nobody bats an eye at
               | that. The results are still a _significant_ step beyond
               | the 5000 series single core results.
        
               | BackBlast wrote:
               | There was some outcry about 5800X3D having lower clocks.
               | This was there "we solved the clock speed problem with a
               | v-cache SKU" move, which was promised somewhere... And I
               | guess, if you use games as a primary load and they fix
               | their scheduler, then it seems to work for both cases.
               | 
               | But I don't like this franken chip. I would much rather
               | 7800X3D. But then, I don't play games, so the scheduler
               | would just be terrible.
        
               | doikor wrote:
               | So they can sell us a 7990X3D 6 months down the line for
               | $1000
        
               | SketchySeaBeast wrote:
               | Does AMD have a history of this blatant of a move? That
               | would be an Nvidia level of arrogance.
        
               | doikor wrote:
               | In this case it more depends on what Intel does. If Intel
               | somehow beats this before Zen 5 is ready I don't see why
               | not. AMD has these all cores with v-cache parts available
               | on its EPYC lineup so it is technically possible. (not
               | yet with Zen 4 but Zen 3 parts do exist)
        
               | sitkack wrote:
               | They are no longer the underdog, I would expect behavior
               | parity with the other semiconductor vendors.
        
               | goosedragons wrote:
               | Because the added 3D V-cache increases heat. That's also
               | why the X3D variants have lower clocks than the non-X3D
               | versions. Two CCDs with V-cache is apparently too hot.
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | That doesn't pass a sniff test at all. The 7950X3D TDP is
               | 120W vs. the 7950X's 170W, even ignoring that modern TDP
               | is a dumb metric actual power consumption also backs that
               | up - the 7950X3D uses signiifcantly less power than a
               | 7950X. And, as an expected result of that, the 7950X3D
               | also runs cooler as a result than the 7950X does. There's
               | no evidence to support a thermal or power limit here.
               | 
               | And it wasn't that different for the 5800X vs. 5800X3D,
               | either. The extra cache at the same TDP seems to
               | translate to around a 200mhz clock speed loss,
               | temperatures otherwise the ~same.
               | 
               | Cache is also not very power hungry in general. Perhaps
               | you meant it was a thermal _barrier_ but again see above
               | - all evidence points to AMD having figured that part
               | out, there 's no hint of thermal constraints on either
               | the previous nor current 3d v-cache parts.
        
               | brucethemoose2 wrote:
               | Previously that wasn't the issue, the issue (according to
               | AMD) was that there was a huge interchip communication
               | bottleneck with the extra L3 on both chips.
               | 
               | If thats fixed, then AMD is just being cheap :P
        
               | paulmd wrote:
               | epyc has v-cache on every die on -X skus, doesn't it?
               | it's fine
               | 
               | https://www.anandtech.com/show/17323/amd-releases-milan-
               | x-cp...
               | 
               | > Critically, AMD has opted to equip all of their new
               | V-cache EPYC chips with the maximum 768 MB of L3 cache,
               | which in turn means all 8 CCDs must be present, from the
               | top SKU (EPYC 7773X) to the bottom SKU (EPYC 7373X).
               | Instead, AMD will be varying the number of CPU cores
               | enabled in each CCD.
               | 
               | (unff 768MB of cache)
               | 
               | afaik AMD has said the _voltage_ is one limit because
               | they share a voltage rail, so, you can 't go outside the
               | operating limits of the v-cache die. But thermals are
               | another because the cache die does limit thermal transfer
               | out of the CCD as well. They did shave it down (to
               | maintain package height) which helps somewhat but I think
               | it does run at least a bit hotter due to the separation
               | between dies. But voltage is, afaik, the primary
               | limitation, and I've never heard of cache coherency as
               | being the problem.
               | 
               | I don't think they're lying about the cache die hurting
               | clocks, that's obviously true from 5800X vs 5800X3D and
               | lower clocks hurts performance in some applications, so
               | they're legitimately trying to offer the best all-around-
               | performer they can as a general-purpose CPU. But I also
               | think they're being very careful about how much they let
               | Ryzen cannibalize their Epyc X3D lineup too, and doing
               | their best to salami-slice this into multiple releases.
               | 
               | There's no reason they couldn't have done 5900X3D last
               | gen, and I bet eventually we will see a dual-cache-die
               | release too. There is (based on Epyc) pretty obviously no
               | technical limitation here, they just don't want to sell
               | it to you right now. You can make excuses like "oh the
               | market just isn't there" but... I think they will do it
               | eventually. For now they are just using it to distinguish
               | between Ryzen and Epyc, previously it was if you wanted
               | >8 cores, now it is 12C and 16C but only one cache die,
               | in a gen or three they will throw in the towel and let
               | you buy all-cache-die configs if that's what you want.
        
               | brucethemoose2 wrote:
               | They very specifically said it was an interconnect issue.
               | With the extra L3, adjacent dies made so many requests to
               | each other's cache that it turned into a bottleneck, and
               | this wasnt an issue on Milan X because its IO die is
               | apparently beefier.
               | 
               | I cant find the source because I am on mobile and now
               | google search is flooded with X3D chatter :/
        
               | MrFoof wrote:
               | This is a very short-sighted approach. MCM is coming to
               | Intel too. Moreover, hybrid architectures are coming to
               | AMD with Zen 5. I've historically argued that Zen 4 X3D
               | is a bit of a "beta test" prior to Zen 5, where scheduler
               | improvements are going to be far more impactful when AMD
               | moves to a hybrid architecture like Intel did with their
               | 12th gen. Zen 4 X3D is the time to learn things and fix
               | initial mistakes, before Zen 5 is much more of a prime
               | time, especially in the data center.
               | 
               | This is going to require scheduler improvements not only
               | from the microprocessor manufacturers, but the Windows,
               | BSD and Linux kernels. There is going to be non-stop
               | improvements to maximize the architectures.
               | 
               | Heck, Linux has an _entirely new scheduler_
               | (https://www.phoronix.com/news/Nest-Linux-Scheduling-
               | Warm-Cor...) being proposed that not only improves
               | performance, but power efficiency, simply by keeping "hot
               | cores hot", because the impact is far more relevant today
               | than the last time the kernel's scheduler was seriously
               | revisited. It's not like multi-core architecture is new
               | either, it's just that the core count increase is going
               | up so fast the impact keeps getting larger.
               | 
               | -- -----
               | 
               | Although I'd generally agree with a sentiment "don't bet
               | on future things you don't have today" the reality is
               | software is always catching up to hardware. Moreover, for
               | major changes to CPU design, they don't YOLO out
               | perfection in one pass -- it takes a while, by many large
               | groups, over years, to eke every scrap of performance out
               | of it.
               | 
               | NAND is a great example of this. The vast increase in IO
               | has hamstrung a lot of stuff. Linux is straight up
               | slamming into IO scheduler limits _(NT kernel even more
               | so)_ at a level that can be achieved by normal human
               | beings, not big companies. That isn 't because NAND is
               | bad or flawed. It's because a near future where that kind
               | of performance was possible wasn't considered in the IO
               | scheduler's design.
               | 
               | In the case of Factorio, I'd bet good money that of ALL
               | the game devs out there, the Factorio devs will be
               | jumping all over this one to ensure it's resolved
               | quickly.
        
               | likeclockwork wrote:
               | And there's actually a list of blessed processes in the
               | scheduler?!
        
               | kllrnohj wrote:
               | Kinda. It's more like "if windows game bar shows up ->
               | restrict to cores 0-7"
        
             | W1zzardTPU wrote:
             | https://www.techpowerup.com/review/amd-
             | ryzen-9-7950x3d/5.htm...
        
         | BackBlast wrote:
         | Depends on good scheduling choices since some threads benefit
         | from the higher clocked CCD and others benefit from the higher
         | cache CCD. Sounds like AMD is using a lookup table style
         | scheduler on windows. I believe the system mostly schedules the
         | higher clock CCD by default.
         | 
         | Similar problem to big.little but less differentiation between
         | the cores. It's big.big. Kind of a mess outside of the primary
         | use case that is games on windows with a static tuned
         | scheduler.
        
         | amrb wrote:
         | Its worth say that the 3D V-Cache is only on the left of the
         | two dies, while the other is frequency unlocked.
         | 
         | Also linking my favorite tech reviewers benchmark they do some
         | great Linux/tech videos also!
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jNMcdIkef_c
        
         | drewg123 wrote:
         | When they manually forced it onto the CCD with 3D-Vcache, they
         | saw a 100% speedup:
         | 
         | " _As we can see in our Factorio benchmark, we saw massive
         | gains of over 100% when forcing the Ryzen 9 7950X3D to use the
         | CCD with the 3D V-Cache as opposed to letting AMD 's PPM
         | Provisioning and 3D V-Cache Optimizer drivers do their thing
         | automatically._"
        
           | perihelions wrote:
           | Oh good catch! I didn't read that far. It's on page 11:
           | 
           | https://www.anandtech.com/show/18747/the-amd-
           | ryzen-9-7950x3d... ( _" Conclusion_")
        
             | guilamu wrote:
             | 5800x3D has a single CCD so no need to choose which CCD to
             | use.
             | 
             | The interesting one will be the 7800X3D.
        
           | HelixEndeavor wrote:
           | So presumably a bug that can be fixed by either AMD updating
           | their optimizer, Factorio updating to work better with it, or
           | both?
        
             | sliken wrote:
             | Or just buy the X3D that have cache on each CCD instead of
             | half of them.
        
               | Tuna-Fish wrote:
               | More precisely, buy the X3D that has only one CCD.
               | 
               | There is currently no consumer model with 2 CCDs and X3D
               | on both of them.
        
               | tracker1 wrote:
               | Yeah... if you're going to see bigger gains from the
               | cache, fewer cores in 7800X3D in early April is probably
               | a better option (same for gamers).
        
               | bitL wrote:
               | Can't you disable the CCD without the 3D cache? I
               | remember being able to disable 3 CCDs on my Threadripper
               | using Ryzen Master for gaming.
        
               | sliken wrote:
               | Right, so the 7800X3D (due in April), the old 5800X3D, or
               | any future threadripper or Epycs with the X3D.
               | 
               | Best L3 per core outside of the X3Ds it the 7600 or or
               | 7900 CPUs that come with the full size L3 (32mb PER ccd)
               | but only 6 cores per CCD (instead of 8).
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | moffkalast wrote:
             | If it's a problem for Factorio it's also a problem for
             | others, so definitely something to fix on the AMD side.
        
               | rektide wrote:
               | Factorio is infamous for being radically memory bandwidth
               | limited. Which yes is a problem others will have... but
               | not many in gaming afaik.
        
               | Macha wrote:
               | Given the primary selling point of these CPUs vs their
               | non-X3D version is having more cache for memory access
               | heavy workloads, if this is not a problem for your
               | workload you're likely not in a position to gain much
               | from the X3D variant anyway.
        
               | brucethemoose2 wrote:
               | Its more of a fundamental scheduling issue. The unlike
               | big/little cores OS has no idea what apps "prefer" cache
               | or frequency.
        
               | londons_explore wrote:
               | An OS can easily run an app on each for a few
               | milliseconds, look at the performance counters to see
               | which ends up with more instructions executed, and then
               | move the task to where it performs best.
               | 
               | From time to time, it can retry the test, because
               | software frequently changes what it spends time doing.
        
               | highwaylights wrote:
               | Affinity in the O/S?
               | 
               | A properties page for the executable with a checkbox for
               | "favour stacked cache cores" or some such.
        
               | ecnahc515 wrote:
               | I'm pretty sure this is how Nvidia's game ready drivers
               | work. They come with a bunch of pre-made profiles for
               | popular video games, so the optimal settings are
               | configured based on what applications are being executed,
               | which is also why you have to let it scan for your games,
               | so it knows what executables to watch for, so it can
               | properly select the right profile to use.
        
               | therein wrote:
               | And that's why we have the "Game Ready" driver mess.
        
               | brucethemoose2 wrote:
               | But apps like factorio are extremely dynamic, so thats
               | either going to be flakey or its going to spend a lot of
               | time/energy bouncing the process between cores.
               | 
               | I wouldn't be too worried about this personally, as
               | configuring the few really sensitive apps with
               | ProcessLasso or Aniancy is pretty easy.
        
               | somebodythere wrote:
               | I don't think the average Factorio gamer is going to know
               | that they should do this or how. They will just know that
               | their new CPU which was supposed to have better gaming
               | performance is doing very, very poorly.
        
               | hnuser123456 wrote:
               | You are talking about Factorio players who specifically
               | bought an 3D-L3 CPU, I would guess awareness would pretty
               | high, personally...
        
               | LoganDark wrote:
               | > You are talking about Factorio players who specifically
               | bought an 3D-L3 CPU
               | 
               | Factorio players don't necessarily know anything about
               | computers. And you don't know if they bought this CPU or
               | if it came with their fancy prebuilt.
        
               | teaearlgraycold wrote:
               | I feel that with good statistics this could be done in
               | the OS scheduler successfully. But it's not my area of
               | expertise.
        
         | bick_nyers wrote:
         | I didn't read the article but according to Gamers Nexus latest
         | video you REALLY need the latest BIOS and Chipset drivers for
         | this part because it is what tells Windows which CCD the game
         | threads should be parked on.
        
         | sct202 wrote:
         | I saw on Hardware Unboxed that the non-X3D cores were being
         | used for Factorio and that reviewer manually disabled it to
         | test correctly.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | One word:
       | 
       | oooooof!
        
       | cronix wrote:
       | Gamers Nexus review: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9gCzXdLmjPY
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | Have you noticed how AMD and Intel just do tiny steps, sometimes
       | even not worth writing about when it comes to innovation? It's
       | always either AMD matching the new Intel CPU of other way around
       | - it's never about eg. completely crushing Intel.
       | 
       | This is the problem of late stage capitalism, where both
       | companies are owned by the same large investment funds and they
       | use their power to ensure neither company could eat too much
       | profits of another.
       | 
       | When AMD was falling behind, they seem to have been "allowed" to
       | do the Ryzen and it's back again to "elephant race".
        
         | mjh2539 wrote:
         | I mean...it's not in anyone's best interests for the only two
         | companies in a given market to completely crush the other,
         | right? It would be bad for consumers (increase in prices), bad
         | for B2B (increase in prices), bad for workers (wage
         | suppression), bad for for the market (monopolies eventually
         | focus more of their efforts on rent-seeking than what made them
         | profitable in the first place).
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | That is only your assumption. How is Apple crushing the
           | laptop market bad for the consumers?
           | 
           | Currently there is a paradox, that if you want to buy high
           | quality and performant laptop and affordable laptop, Apple is
           | very much the only option. No competition can come close.
           | Sort of they got caught with their pants down as they stopped
           | innovating just like AMD and Intel.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | thfuran wrote:
         | No, it's the problem of cpu design being really fucking hard.
        
           | varispeed wrote:
           | These two things are not mutually exclusive.
        
       | Scandiravian wrote:
       | I wish they'd included the results of the undervolted 7950x in
       | the graphs (aka ECO mode)
       | 
       | It's sad that performance benchmarks have made market conditions
       | where the gain of 5% performance is somehow worth 20%-30% extra
       | power consumption (and the noise that follows from that)
        
         | alyandon wrote:
         | I just disable PBO on my 3900X - you are 100% correct that an
         | extra 5% performance is not worth the extra 30% power
         | draw/heat.
        
           | CharlesW wrote:
           | For anyone else not familiar with "PBO", it's AMD's
           | "Precision Boost Overdrive", which is apparently completely
           | different than Precision Boost and Precision Boost 2:
           | https://www.gamersnexus.net/guides/3491-explaining-
           | precision...
        
           | anticensor wrote:
           | PBO also allows undervolting though: I just applied -30 all
           | core offset on my 5950X.
        
           | caycep wrote:
           | This is the same as AMD "Eco Mode"?
        
             | 0cf8612b2e1e wrote:
             | I just turned on Eco Mode last night and was pleasantly
             | surprised. In a non rigorous test on my 5600x, Eco Mode had
             | zero change to single core performance, unchanged CPU temp.
             | Multicore saw a 3% performance drop, but temps were ~12C
             | cooler.
             | 
             | Test yourself, but I am definitely going to leave it
             | enabled.
        
               | merb wrote:
               | a 5600x runs at only 65w or so and can be cooled down to
               | 40C like all the time. I'm not sure if I would prefer to
               | run it at 16w lower, because I bareley even reach the tdp
               | or even tjmax.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | The X3D chips do at least have a reduced TDP of 120W vs 170W
         | (except for the 7800X3D vs the confusingly comparable 7700X's
         | 105W). The other thing is that, at least in DIY PC (and botique
         | builders like CyberPower) the "gaming" motherboards universally
         | increase the maximum peak power target and also commonly enable
         | things like all core turbo and precision boost overdrive by
         | default. So unless they specify otherwise, like AnandTech I
         | think, you can assume most reviewers will be running the CPU
         | with more power than the spec but that's a common situation for
         | their audience.
        
       | shmerl wrote:
       | _> To make sure gaming workloads find the right CCD, AMD has
       | implemented a high degree of software-level control, in the form
       | of its 3D Vertical Cache Optimizer Driver, which is included with
       | the latest version of AMD Chipset Software. This driver ensures
       | that workload from games are directed to the CCD with the 3D
       | Vertical Cache using dynamic  "preferred cores" flagging for the
       | Windows OS scheduler._
       | 
       | Yeah, what about games on Linux? I'm pretty sure it will be
       | scheduled all over the place.
       | 
       | Also I doubt that scheduler is smart enough to detect it
       | dynamically. Do they just use a list of known applications for
       | that?
        
         | thanatos519 wrote:
         | I already do this by hand with `taskset` when it's important. I
         | would totally exploit this asymmetry.
        
           | shmerl wrote:
           | Yeah, manually is one method, if you figure out some workload
           | benefits from cache more.
        
         | mastax wrote:
         | Generally "game detection" is done by finding apps that use
         | full-screen exclusive presentation. Could also look for windows
         | that are doing the "borderless windowed" thing. That should be
         | pretty simple and accurate on its own.
        
         | treesciencebot wrote:
         | I was also really curious about Linux benchmarks; and seems
         | like Phoronix, a Linux-centric tech review outlet, also
         | released their own reviews with tons of game and productivity
         | benchmarks running on the latest kernel.
         | https://www.phoronix.com/review/amd-ryzen9-7950x3d-linux
        
           | shmerl wrote:
           | Thanks, just saw it. Looks like it fares well in tested games
           | without special scheduler, which is interesting. It falls
           | behind 7950X in video encoding.
           | 
           | Code compilation tests are tied with 7950X.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | They probably do use a list of known applications + some
         | heuristics around graphics APIs? "List of known games" is
         | pretty much what their graphics driver team handles as their
         | bread and butter, so doesn't seem like a significant stretch.
        
         | brucethemoose2 wrote:
         | Almost certainly not, but you can use custom Aniancy-CPP rules
         | to do this yourself on linux.
        
       | ginko wrote:
       | I used to be quite proud of the 128MB RAM my first PC came with
       | around 2000.
        
       | pella wrote:
       | "AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D Linux Performance"
       | 
       | https://www.phoronix.com/review/amd-ryzen9-7950x3d-linux
       | 
       | "AMD Ryzen 9 7950X3D Desktop CPU Review Roundup"
       | 
       | https://videocardz.com/150677/amd-ryzen-9-7950x3d-desktop-cp...
        
         | Prunkton wrote:
         | the Linux test leaves me quiet confused how to pick my next
         | linux gaming cpu.
         | 
         | On the one hand side Gamers Nexus is making a point [0] (there
         | are on/off performance charts later in the video) why it is
         | super important to install the latest windows drivers + special
         | windows gaming software to make use of the heterogeneous
         | architecture. On the other hand side the linux tests are much
         | better then I would expected since it can not know out of the
         | box what core to pick. Maybe the 50/50 pick is good enough for
         | how the charts look...
         | 
         | [0]: https://youtu.be/9gCzXdLmjPY?t=350
        
           | Firther wrote:
           | It's not quite the same out of the box experience (after
           | making sure you have the latest chipset drivers, use the
           | balanced power plan and NOT the performance plan, and have
           | Xbox Game Bar..), but it's possible to force certain
           | processes and executables to run on specific CPU cores in
           | Linux using taskset and verify that they're running on the
           | correct cores. It will be a little tedious if you play a lot
           | of games on Steam as you'll inevitably run into games that
           | use proton and others that use native binaries, but there's
           | nothing that should prevent you from being able to manually
           | schedule games/programs that need the extra cache onto the
           | cores that have the extra cache.
        
             | Prunkton wrote:
             | good point, so a low budget solution that whitelist games
             | for specific cores shouldn't be to hard to assemble
        
             | mosquitobiten wrote:
             | What about a VM with GPU pass-trough? Let's say I have
             | plenty of storage and just create different VMs with
             | selected distro or winXI that have certain games. Could
             | that also be an option? Just drag and drop the appropriate
             | game in the VM storage?
        
           | brucethemoose2 wrote:
           | TBH if you are CPU bottlenecked in your linux games (hence
           | you need a new CPU), you are probably playing simulation
           | games, and these tests are kinda useless anyway.
        
           | xwolfi wrote:
           | Keep the one you have now and pick a better GPU?
        
             | Prunkton wrote:
             | in like 2 weeks it will be the 10th anniversary of the PC.
             | The GPU is a nvidia GTX(?) 1060 aka already oversized for
             | the 3. Gen i7 setup, so: nope :D
        
           | mosquitobiten wrote:
           | https://youtu.be/jNMcdIkef_c?t=106
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | When do I get my 8GB or 16GB system, no DRAM, only cache memory?
       | Will probably need a bigger die though.
        
       | avereveard wrote:
       | ok but can it run ksp 2?
        
       | satvikpendem wrote:
       | I wish the 64 core Threadrippers were still available for a
       | decent price for HEDT, it's all Epyc or Threadripper Pro which
       | are much more expensive for minimal increase in power over the
       | 3990x.
        
         | sixothree wrote:
         | RIP threadripper workstations support.
        
           | mosquitobiten wrote:
           | I think they scaled it down to the actual size of the market
           | which is pretty small and that might look like what you're
           | saying.
        
       | Ekaros wrote:
       | The inflation has really hit the consumer market... 700$ for CPU
       | and over thousand for GPU... Memory is not cheap either...
       | 
       | Not that it won't sell, but still these price points for
       | something still called consumer start to be high. You could get a
       | whole portable PC for same money.
        
         | icegreentea2 wrote:
         | Flagship CPUs/GPUs have always be considered
         | enthusiast/prosumer level with relatively dubious
         | performance/value propositions.
         | 
         | The first Core i7 extremes (which fill roughly the same product
         | niche) were ~$1000 like over 10 years ago
         | (https://www.tomshardware.com/reviews/core-i7-990x-extreme-
         | ed...)
        
         | mabbo wrote:
         | Is it? Have a look at this article from 2002:
         | 
         | > With the cuts, the wholesale cost of a 733-MHz Pentium III
         | drops 3 percent, from $776 to $754, while the 700-MHz version
         | drops 3 percent from $754 to $733 in volume.
         | 
         | https://www.cnet.com/culture/intel-cuts-pentium-iii-prices-1...
         | 
         | $754 in today's dollars is over $1250.
         | 
         | Cutting edge processors are cheaper than they were 20 years
         | ago.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | Indeed. People forget that flagship Intel Extreme Edition or
           | AMD Athlon FX chips from ~17 years ago were retailing for
           | over 1000$ in the money of that time. In today's roubles they
           | would be around 1500$ adjusted for inflation. Ouch!
           | 
           | Today 750$ for a flagship CPU that buys you the best possible
           | compute in the consumer space is not a bad deal at all. It's
           | never been a better time for X86 CPU shopping. You most
           | likely don't need to buy the most expensive flagship CPU.
           | There's great options for every budget.
           | 
           | The GPU market on the other hand is completely fucked. In
           | 2007 you could get a 8800 GTS for 360$ (520$ today) giving
           | you near flagship performance.
           | 
           | I feel like AMD and Intel are competing in the CPU space
           | while AMD and Nvidia entered in a gentlemen's agreement to
           | control the GPU market.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Yeah, the "top of the line" processors were often insanely
             | priced (and some were not available for love or money,
             | basically paper launches only available to those with
             | connections).
             | 
             | https://www.redhill.net.au/iu.php is a good read down
             | memory lane about those things, even as far back as the 286
             | you had it. Sometimes very rarely and almost as a mistake
             | the "best bang for the buck" processor AND the "fastest in
             | the world" would overlap.
        
         | kolbe wrote:
         | I see much more affordable CPUs on that list. You can buy those
         | instead of the best of the best.
        
         | skullone wrote:
         | I mean, this is a flagship CPU, up around Xeon Gold
         | capabilities. Plenty of Ryzen3/5 for a deal out there for a
         | good computer otherwise
        
         | sixothree wrote:
         | I think the worst part is not the high flagship price. It's
         | that prices don't fall for generations the same way they used
         | to.
        
         | V__ wrote:
         | This is true for the high-end, but at the same time, for about
         | 180EUR you can get a last gen 5700G which has nice performance
         | and can play most games. Or you get the normal but more
         | powerful CPU for that price and combine it with an ARC GPU.
         | It's not as cheap as it once was, but it's not that bad.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | > 700$ for CPU
         | 
         | This is a _flagship_ CPU part. Consumer is a broad segment.
         | Even the peasants like shiny things every now and again.
         | 
         | You could get something that would be imperceptibly-slower for
         | most workloads and fits into the same socket for less than
         | $300.
        
         | briffle wrote:
         | my 350Mhz Pentium 2 cost about $700. So did my 19" CRT
         | monitor..
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | reisse wrote:
         | You're wrong here. This is top-of-the line enthusiast CPU. They
         | always have costed around 1k$, see e. g. Intel Core i9 Xtreme
         | lineup (the chips with 'X' designation here: https://en.wikiped
         | ia.org/wiki/List_of_Intel_Core_i9_processo...).
         | 
         | You can have absolutely fine 8c16t CPU which will handle
         | anything you can possibly throw at it for 230$ from Amazon
         | (https://www.amazon.com/AMD-Ryzen-5800X-16-Thread-
         | Processor/d...).
        
           | robin_reala wrote:
           | I was actually wondering what the original Extreme Edition
           | P4s retailed for a couple of decades ago, and it turns out to
           | be $999. Plus ca change, plus c'est la meme chose.
        
             | matja wrote:
             | The big cache version of the Pentium Pro (512kB) was 1,217
             | USD (1996) - 2320 USD (2023) with inflation.
        
         | tracker1 wrote:
         | I paid a bit more than that for my current 5950X a couple years
         | ago now. Top of the stack CPUs have always had a pretty big
         | price jump. Though, I would class the 7950X(3D) as similar to
         | HEDT even if it's the top of the consumer models... if you
         | don't need a ton of i/o, there's a lot of value there depending
         | on what you're doing.
         | 
         | GPU pricing seems a bit more insane, given a lot of the demand
         | has actually died down at this point, and the mfgs are
         | definitely restricting production to keep prices (and margins)
         | up. It's kind of sad there really isn't anything comparatively
         | good on the lower pricing end ($100-300) where historically
         | you'd see around 60-70% the performance well under half the
         | price.
        
         | phpisthebest wrote:
         | >>You could get a whole portable PC for same money.
         | 
         | Not with the same performance you cant...
         | 
         | Not even close
         | 
         | >>The inflation has really hit the consumer market... 700$ for
         | CPU and over thousand for GPU...
         | 
         | $700 for the Top of the line CPU is actually low, at the
         | highest of intel monopoly period they were charging well in
         | excess of $1000 (closer to $1700 if I remember) for their I7 K
         | line enthusiast PC's.. Even today $700 is cheap compared to the
         | Threadripper line AMD seems to have given up on.
        
         | BitwiseFool wrote:
         | The challenge is compounded by the fact that you need to buy a
         | whole host of new parts at the same time. A new motherboard to
         | handle AM5, DDR5 memory, and most likely a new PSU given how
         | power hungry CPUs and graphics cards have become.
        
         | jacooper wrote:
         | A better example would be the 4070ti really, 700$ for a
         | 70-class GPU.
        
         | Johanx64 wrote:
         | Nope. Ryzen 5 5600 6c/12t is 135eur.
         | 
         | i5 12400f 6c/12t is 155 eur.
         | 
         | You can get 8c/16c for a bit more, 5700x for 190eur.
         | 
         | Value DDR4 16/32gb kit and a reasonable basic mobo will give
         | you an amazing system.
         | 
         | The only thing which still is kind of pricey is GPUs.
         | 
         | This 700eur cpu is the very upper end of consumer market.
         | 
         | 5800x3D 8c/16c for 300eur is the most I would spend personally.
        
         | goosedragons wrote:
         | $700 topish tier CPUs are nothing new. The Pentium 4 Extreme
         | Edition had a $1000 MSRP for instance. Even in 2004 you could
         | get an entire laptop for the money, even an Apple laptop with
         | the base model iBook G4 selling for $1000. There is still good
         | CPUs in the $100-$300 range.
         | 
         | GPU prices have gone insane though with mid-range having
         | somehow moved up to $400-$500 where high-end was a decade ago.
        
           | qzw wrote:
           | The GPU market is definitely suffering from having only one
           | dominant player. I'm hoping that AMD is able to invest some
           | of the extra cash flow since the introduction of Ryzen toward
           | making their GPUs fully competitive with NVIDIA rather than
           | having to play catch up all the time. Also, NVIDIA kind of
           | has to price gouge on this generation because they made so
           | much money during COVID and the crypto boom. Unless they want
           | to be like Zoom or Peloton and lose 75+% of their market cap,
           | they have to keep the profit curve from plunging. And they
           | know there's latent demand from gamers who were priced out of
           | the market before, plus pretty strong interest from the AI
           | side, so why not keep the prices high to maximize profit?
           | 
           | I also think another factor in the rise of GPU prices is how
           | quickly things have been moving on the display front. Not
           | only did we go more or less directly from 1080p to 4K,
           | thereby quadrupling resolution, now we're not shooting for 30
           | or even 60 fps minimums anymore. We want 1% lows to be above
           | 120, 144, or even 240fps so that our high refresh rate
           | monitors are properly fed. Oh, and we don't want to turn down
           | image quality while doing it. Now throw in VR, where high-end
           | headsets can be 4K or more _per eye_ , and you've got a lot
           | of pixels to push. So top-end GPUs have to be these behemoths
           | with several kg of cooling hanging off of them, because they
           | are now the biggest power consumer in the system. Yet they
           | still have to fit into the real estate allotted to just a few
           | peripheral slots, usually in an orientation that's not
           | optimal for airflow. It's quite the engineering challenge,
           | and I kind of see why GPUs at every level have gotten so
           | expensive, since they're all priced relative to the top
           | range.
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | Lots of software could run in just 128MiB, especially if it could
       | page stuff out to ssd.
       | 
       | CPU's usually have a cache-as-ram mode that can enable this.
       | 
       | Does this mean that systems where you can hot swap _all_ the ram
       | at once will be possible?
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It doesn't feel that long ago, that computers would have
         | hundreds of megabytes of RAM. I remember it -- my back is a
         | little sore, but I've still got all my hair.
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | Yeah, it's crazy that this thing could run Windows 95 from
           | cache only.
           | 
           | I used to see SQL Server 7 databases running on NT4 servers
           | with 64 MB of memory! This cache is _double_ that.
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | Lots of software? Like linux, webbrowsers, etc? Arguably all
         | software could run in 128 megs, especially if RAM was "swap"
         | and people stopped obsessing over their javascript UIs.
         | 
         | It still seems a bit far off now, but come on, in 5 years or
         | less we'll see 1GB, that gigabyte level is a huge implicit
         | marketing number.
         | 
         | Might be a harbinger of a new movement in computing: all-cache
         | computing, and reworking OSs and slimming down libraries and
         | other things to fit into cache. It might be the only shot at
         | getting a slimdown revolution going before moore's law really
         | stalls in a couple decades.
        
         | noobermin wrote:
         | Let's be real, this just means now web developers can ship
         | their own browser written in electron with the javascript
         | interpreter written in nodejs, and that is literally what they
         | will do with this.
        
           | baq wrote:
           | still waiting for ie10 compiled to wasm so i can run my
           | favorite activex in chrome
        
             | [deleted]
        
           | jiggawatts wrote:
           | You joke, but I can imagine a scenario where someone ports a
           | complex GUI app to the web using something like Blazor and
           | accidentally ends up with a full web browser running in WASM,
           | on top of an actual browser.
           | 
           | I can also foresee an entire _industry_ popping up to do this
           | on purpose in the name of "compatibility". I'm sure the
           | marketing will talk about the efficiency of being able to run
           | "true" IE6 on top of Chrome in 2030.
           | 
           | It's also just a matter of time until we see Docker images
           | for running Windows 95 apps in the browser via WINE on top of
           | a user-mode Linux kernel emulator.
           | 
           | Check back here in 7 years to see which of the above
           | prophecies materialised.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | moremetadata wrote:
         | I've always found L2 cache delivered better performance for the
         | work I do.
        
         | eklitzke wrote:
         | I don't think there are many applications where you can run the
         | whole stack (including OS) in 128 MB of RAM, but where you also
         | need a $700 CPU.
        
         | undersuit wrote:
         | Cache-as-Ram has been apparently been removed from AMD Zen
         | processors.
         | 
         | https://git.furworks.de/coreboot-mirror/coreboot/commit/a245...
        
       | sct202 wrote:
       | Wow basically the same pref as a 13900k but so much less power
       | usage in the aggregated tests.
       | 
       | Apps : 79w vs 169w
       | 
       | Games : 56w vs 143w
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | In my experience you can tune the i9-13900K way down on power
         | and barely notice or not at all. I wouldn't be surprised if
         | these benchmarks came out the same way on the Intel side with
         | power caps set at 125W.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | I feel like I must be asking a dumb question, because it is a
           | pretty obvious one. But would it be better to just buy a
           | lower-performing, lower-cost chip in that case? Does the
           | silicon lottery they results in an i9 also result in better
           | performance per watt?
        
             | RetpolineDrama wrote:
             | > But would it be better to just buy a lower-performing,
             | lower-cost chip in that case?
             | 
             | No, because the best silicon is reserved for the highest
             | performance parts.
        
             | nfriedly wrote:
             | I haven't done this recently, and it was in a laptop CPU,
             | but in the past I was able to get a combination of lower
             | power/temps and better performance by undervolting an Intel
             | CPU. Presumably something similar can be done with current-
             | gen desktop CPUs, although perhaps they're running closer
             | to the limits these days.
        
             | jeffbee wrote:
             | Yeah, it definitely depends on your use case. In my opinion
             | the only reason to get the K or KS SKU is that you want,
             | and are sensitive to, the extra speed bins you get on the 2
             | magic P-cores. The KS is a full 10% faster on single-
             | threaded, compute-bound workloads. That's like importing
             | the next generation CPU from the future and it is worth it
             | for some use cases. Even with 1 core running at 6GHz you
             | won't blow out a 125W power cap.
        
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