[HN Gopher] A reason why Mac speakers sound better and louder th...
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       A reason why Mac speakers sound better and louder than most
        
       Author : 1915cb1f
       Score  : 353 points
       Date   : 2023-02-25 10:18 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (social.treehouse.systems)
 (TXT) w3m dump (social.treehouse.systems)
        
       | bob1029 wrote:
       | I have always noted this when listening to music on my M1 MBP.
       | "There is NO way my tweeters aren't about to explode!" I recall
       | how quickly the speakers in my Microsoft surface laptop self-
       | destructed...
       | 
       | In my experience, the #1 prerequisite to driving a speaker this
       | aggressively _without destroying it_ is having a clean source of
       | power. Hard distortion and clipping are what break voice coils in
       | direct, physical terms. Thermals can be tolerated over brief
       | durations.
       | 
       | I have found (in larger scale pro audio) that the amplifier
       | topology can have a major impact on the amount of real power you
       | can put into a loudspeaker. One of the most popular is Class D
       | because it requires virtually no magnetics (i.e. no toroidal
       | transformers). The tradeoff is that it needs to have a lot of
       | safety nannies at the extremes and will have to attenuate
       | aggressive program material. You almost always have to put a
       | full-time DSP on these amplifiers.
       | 
       | Compare this to Class A,A/B, G or H topologies which can be
       | pushed well-beyond rated supply amperage for brief durations
       | (i.e. your lights will dim slightly, rather than the amp/DSP
       | limiting its power draw). You can drive these with any kind of
       | signal you please, filtered with nannies or otherwise. These
       | topologies are where I go when I want to be able to reach to DC
       | on a loudspeaker and am willing to replace the drivers if I bump
       | a knob the wrong way.
        
         | tcrenshaw wrote:
         | Most, if not all, of the class D amps at the large scale pro
         | audio level have that DSP built into the amplifier itself. More
         | and more speaker manufacturers are also selling their own
         | amplifiers (not necessarily made in house) with limiting that
         | takes specific drivers into consideration, along with FIR
         | correction for the whole box.
         | 
         | I've also used a few that you can tell exactly what kind of
         | power you're hooked up to (120v @ 25 amp perhaps) and it will
         | draw just up to that limit and stop. Neat stuff
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > More and more speaker manufacturers are also selling their
           | own amplifiers (not necessarily made in house)
           | 
           | Indeed. I've had _horrible_ luck with reliability of these
           | products (i.e. loudspeakers with integrated class-D
           | amplifiers).
           | 
           | I would strongly recommend going for external amplification
           | wherever possible, _especially_ if you are running cabinetry
           | that weighs more than 100lbs.
        
         | amelius wrote:
         | We're talking about laptop speakers here, where power
         | consumption is important.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | In a laptop's energy budget, power spent driving the
           | loudspeakers is probably one of the last concerns.
           | 
           | If you integrate the actual power consumed over the playback
           | duration of typical program material, you would find figures
           | that are essentially irrelevant compared to the cost of
           | running the backlight or WiFi radios.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | I saw a nice demo recently of the use of chargepump power
             | control to stop the _backlight_ dimming if the audio got
             | too loud, a microcosm of the  "PA so loud your lights dim"
             | situation.
             | 
             | (no, I've not been able to find it to show hn)
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | While you're probably right technically speaking laptops
             | compete heavily on battery life. I wouldn't be surprised at
             | all if (like mobile devices) they're at the point of
             | optimizing relatively minuscule points of power draw.
             | 
             | Like most things once you start looking at dozens of
             | factors that are 0.5% wins each you end up with a
             | substantial improvement that in the case of battery powered
             | productivity devices is significant from a sales
             | standpoint.
        
         | mjb wrote:
         | If your lights are dimming, you've wrecked your THD+N by
         | feeding your amp AC for the period the power supply filtering
         | caps are empty. (It's even worse than AC, transiently, because
         | of the effect of trying to refill the caps while driving the
         | amp).
         | 
         | Also, the tweeter killing effect is because of the harmonic
         | effects of clipping, so if you're hitting the rail voltages
         | with any topology you're going to have a bad time.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | You are implying that there are 2 discrete states: fully
           | charged and fully discharged. In reality, this is an infinite
           | spectrum.
           | 
           | You will know when the capacitors are _actually_ empty. When
           | you flip on a 2-4kW pro audio amp, you can hear the
           | electromagnetic forces for about a second. If you have a UPS
           | on the same circuit, it will likely trip. _That_ is empty.
           | During normal use, there is no such thing as empty.
        
       | ansgri wrote:
       | The post is interesting itself, but the addendum,
       | 
       | > This post brought to you by gdb and grep -a
       | 
       | Where author recovers text from Firefox core dump, is just
       | hilarious.
        
         | _flux wrote:
         | Plug: Could have maybe used https://github.com/eras/memgrep/
        
         | switch007 wrote:
         | [flagged]
        
           | Thev00d00 wrote:
           | What is with these asterisk posts recently? have I missed a
           | memo
        
             | switch007 wrote:
             | What are you on about?
        
               | kalleboo wrote:
               | Occasionally a post will show up that is just three
               | asterisks: "* * *". I assume it's some bug in the HN
               | software.
               | 
               | Edit: I just tried opening this reply itself in a private
               | window, and it shows up as three asterisks. I presume
               | it's some kind of placeholder for posts that have not
               | been cached/processed somehow
               | 
               | Edit 2: Now it loads properly, 3 minutes later.
        
               | beepbooptheory wrote:
               | Go to your profile and set "Show Dead?" to "Yes". People
               | I think are just tired of hearing about the chatGPT
               | stuff, which I definitely get.
        
               | switch007 wrote:
               | I've had showdead on for years, as I don't always agree
               | with the 'moderation'/groupthink
        
         | arkitaip wrote:
         | That's an incredibly useful trick and now I wonder if there is
         | a small Windows utility that makes it easy to recover similar
         | ghost data?
        
           | omnicognate wrote:
           | gdb is a general-purpose debugger. The equivalent tool for
           | Windows is windbg [0] which is free and extremely powerful,
           | though famously arcane. You can certainly do this with it.
           | 
           | [0] https://learn.microsoft.com/en-us/windows-
           | hardware/drivers/d...
        
             | sva_ wrote:
             | https://x64dbg.com/
        
           | no_time wrote:
           | GDB and grep but built for windows.
           | 
           | Or you could use Cheat Engine if you have a fear of
           | terminals.
        
             | gary_0 wrote:
             | > GDB and grep but built for windows
             | 
             | Beat me to it. Windows would be intolerable for me without
             | MinGW/MSYS[0]. (Sure, there's WSL2, but that's not quite
             | the same, and I was using MinGW and friends long before it
             | existed.)
             | 
             | [0] https://www.msys2.org/wiki/MSYS2-introduction/
        
               | pxc wrote:
               | FWIW, ripgrep has a native build for Windows which is
               | much, much faster than using grep or rg via WSL2. (I'm
               | not sure how it compares to grep from MinGW/MSYS2.)
        
           | grishka wrote:
           | The task manager had the option to dump the memory of a
           | process. It's been a while since I last used Windows though,
           | so I don't remember whether that does, in fact, dump all of
           | its pages.
        
           | ChuckNorris89 wrote:
           | Windows Sysinternals
        
         | raverbashing wrote:
         | Yeah I was going to ask how does FF know about Mac speakers,
         | but I was not expecting that
         | 
         | (Neither that it would have kept the text there, I guess he was
         | lucky)
        
           | mandarax8 wrote:
           | The buffer could have been freed but not zeroed out maybe.
        
         | lynguist wrote:
         | That part also grabbed my attention.
         | 
         | How would I do the core dump? (How do I attach gdb to Firefox?
         | Doesn't it need debug data from the compiler like what you get
         | with gcc -Og?)
        
           | KeplerBoy wrote:
           | You can attach gdb to any process. Debug information is not
           | needed unless you want nice things like knowing which lines
           | of code you are stepping through.
        
             | lathiat wrote:
             | You can use 'gcore' (from gdb) to dump the process memory
             | (on Linux) - it tries to create a core file as if it
             | crashed, without crashing it. It's not 100% reliable it
             | sometimes fails - not entirely sure why - but often works.
             | 
             | Then as above you dont really need to understand the memory
             | or variables with debug symbols (though on Linux they
             | generally are available.. and increasingly on the newest
             | distros will automatically be downloaded by debuginfod).
             | You can jsut grep for the text you are looking for and
             | likely it's roughly together in memory.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | On macOS most binaries now use the hardened runtime which
             | prevents attaching a debugger by default, so you can only
             | attach to arbitrary processes when SIP is disabled.
        
         | kleiba wrote:
         | How do you attach gdb to a running process?
        
           | stefncb wrote:
           | gdb <path> -p <pid>
        
       | zamadatix wrote:
       | I wonder how much energy/CPU all this uses compared to not
       | monitoring and compressing the sound channels per speaker. It
       | seems like "don't run the daemon and let it go to -14db" is a
       | valid option if it's problematic though. I don't really listen to
       | music, I'm just looking forward to terminal dings and conference
       | calls without headphones so will lean towards battery life.
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | Patents are interesting. IIRC, Apple has a patent on a method of
       | creating a fast Gaussian blur by combining multiple low-radius
       | blurs to create a large radius blur in real-time.
       | 
       | I remember looking into this because I was so confused how Apple
       | could create a fast real-time Gaussian blur with a large radius
       | with no latency.
       | 
       | Even game developers fail to do this, utilizing other blurs like
       | box blurs instead to create the effect.
       | 
       | Turns out this approach is mathematically equivalent or such a
       | close approximation that it's visually indistinguishable.
       | 
       | Not related to laptop speakers, of course, but just a thought
       | that came up as I was thinking about patents on small but
       | important concepts.
        
         | PartiallyTyped wrote:
         | I have a question, suppose I came up with something similar or
         | even identical on my own, wrote the code and published it, and
         | I have no clue that a patent exists, am I liable in any way?
         | 
         | Isn't absurd that algorithms and mathematical solutions can be
         | patented?
        
           | brundolf wrote:
           | Yes, that's how patents work. I believe patents normally
           | expire ~20 years after being filed. The idea is to
           | incentivize people/companies to invest the resources in
           | solving really hard problems, knowing they'll be able to make
           | back their investment in the time before it expires (at which
           | point everyone can then use it)
           | 
           | Software patents are controversial because of the rate things
           | move in software; a software discovery from 20 years ago is
           | likely worthless by the time the patent expires. I think the
           | window should be shorter for software (5 years? 3 years?),
           | just enough to make back the investment but not milk it until
           | it's dead
           | 
           | But as they go, this kind of real problem-solving is one of
           | the more defensible kinds of software patents imo. Many
           | software patents out there are things like "do X but store it
           | in a database", which is obviously nonsense
        
           | gptgpp wrote:
           | Broadly speaking there does exist a defense of "innocent
           | infringement." You can use that keyword to read about it more
           | yourself.
           | 
           | IANAL but I believe it only reduces your damages in an
           | infringement suit. It's considered your responsibility to
           | check if something infringes on an existing patent. Yes, I
           | know there are patents on absurd things like doubly linked
           | lists, and the whole thing is a bit of a mess, seemingly
           | created to give lawyers a job and present a barrier to people
           | who can't afford to do patent discovery and all that.
           | 
           | As for it being absurd.... I don't know.
           | 
           | Would you prefer that companies never file patents, revealing
           | their algorithms and mathematical solutions, so it never
           | becomes public knowledge (and useable by everyone once the
           | patent expires), and they just keep it indefinitely as trade
           | secrets?
           | 
           | Because that's the alternative :(
        
         | brundolf wrote:
         | Where do they use it? The control center pulldown shade in iOS?
        
           | marcellus23 wrote:
           | iOS has blurs almost everywhere, not just control center.
        
             | brundolf wrote:
             | There are others, that was just one example that came to
             | mind
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | They're "louder and better" for techno fans who like the sssssst
       | ssssssst ssssssst.
        
       | RicoElectrico wrote:
       | Dell bundles Waves MaxxAudio Pro with its laptops and apart from
       | cheesy stereo widening it does the job of boosting bass and
       | making the sound louder.
       | 
       | Theoretically it's possible to replicate it using Windows filter
       | drivers. It's something I would like to do - some multi-band
       | compressor is what's probably needed.
        
       | causality0 wrote:
       | Most laptop speakers can be significantly improved by applying a
       | calibration profile using a program like Fxsound. Took mine from
       | "godawful" to simply mediocre.
        
       | endorphine wrote:
       | Kinda off-topic: I remember reading that Apple laptops from
       | 2021(?) onwards got a DAC (digital-to-analog converter) upgrade,
       | making their DAC a pretty decent option with which you can avoid
       | buying an external one.
       | 
       | Anyone knows how much truth there is to the above? I'm sure the
       | answer is more nuanced than that and depend on various factors.
        
       | captainmuon wrote:
       | I wonder how they model the energy output of the speakers. In
       | principle you could have a function that calculates the energy of
       | the spectrum and integrate that over time. If you put out too
       | much energy, what do you do? Reduce the overall volume, apply a
       | frequency cutoff, or a low-pass-filter? I feel there are so many
       | variables here, and it is going to be hard to replicate what
       | Apple does.
       | 
       | I know the Asahi-Linux people are very correct, but I'd be
       | tempted to just throw the Apple libraries into Ghidra and see
       | what they do.
       | 
       | And a completely unreleated thought, maybe it is possible to
       | remove the safetly limits on speakers of other brands and apply
       | the same strategy to get better sound?
        
         | povik wrote:
         | Hi, I wrote the Linux kernel drivers for speaker output on the
         | new ARM64 Macs, so I can shed some light on this.
         | 
         | > I wonder how they model the energy output of the speakers.
         | 
         | Simple. The speaker codecs (special made for Apple, but e.g.
         | compatible to https://www.ti.com/product/TAS2764) give you
         | current/voltage measurements you can calculate the power from.
         | It's what they call I/V sense.
         | 
         | > In principle you could have a function that calculates the
         | energy of the spectrum and integrate that over time.
         | 
         | Right. You don't want to do the calculation in frequency domain
         | since that would be wasteful. You can integrate the power of
         | the samples straight away (here by multiplying the
         | instantaneous voltage and current, if we didn't have that, we
         | could at least estimate it by assuming a constant resistance of
         | the speaker coils).
         | 
         | > If you put out too much energy, what do you do? Reduce the
         | overall volume, apply a frequency cutoff, or a low-pass-filter?
         | 
         | You model the coil's temperature. If it comes near a dangerous
         | level, you reduce the volume on the particular speaker. You
         | don't need to worry too much about this since usually you don't
         | hit the limits, you are merely guarding against especially
         | nasty sound input.
         | 
         | > I feel there are so many variables here, and it is going to
         | be hard to replicate what Apple does.
         | 
         | We don't need to replicate what Apple does. Though we are
         | stealing the parameters for the coil temperature model Apple is
         | using (at least for some machines).
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | You can run some empirical tests to find a safe limit.
        
         | bottled_poe wrote:
         | That's a really interesting topic. I hope an audiophile shows
         | up to give some thoughts..
        
           | dsr_ wrote:
           | An audiophile opinion: there are so many good cheap systems
           | out there, why would you mistreat poor hardware this way?
           | 
           | - Any number of excellent in-ear monitors under $100 -
           | Truthear Zero ($50)
           | 
           | - Quite a few good-to-excellent headphones under $200, and
           | under $50 if you can run a convolver equalizer for them -
           | Superlux 668B ($35)
           | 
           | - Several excellent powered monitor speakers regularly on
           | sale under $450/pair (JBL 305, 308, Kali LP8v2)
           | 
           | Laptop speakers are for getting your attention from across
           | the room so you can plug in something appropriate.
        
             | ziftface wrote:
             | To be honest I'm not sure what the parent comment was
             | expecting, this is kind of a normal audiophile response.
             | But it shows that the engineering that apple does with
             | their speakers is not made for audiophiles, it wows people
             | who are used to other laptops.
        
             | izacus wrote:
             | Maybe we just don't want to constantly wear crap on our
             | head?
        
               | toastal wrote:
               | Counterpoint: your neighbors don't want to hear the crap
               | on your laptop speakers
        
               | fsociety wrote:
               | I'm confused - are you suggesting that people use
               | headphones instead of small laptop speakers to not annoy
               | their next door neighbors?
        
               | lukas099 wrote:
               | They probably mean 'neighbors' as in people nearby in the
               | same room. This is indeed a good use case for
               | headphones/IEMs.
        
               | toastal wrote:
               | Both. A lot of folks live in apartments, condos, dorms
               | where the walls aren't good at sound insulation. Putting
               | in your IEMs gives you better sound and isnot going to
               | disturb anyone.
        
             | dgacmu wrote:
             | It's often said that the best camera is the one you have
             | with you.
        
           | JohnBooty wrote:
           | > And a completely unreleated thought, maybe it is          >
           | possible to remove the safetly limits on speakers          >
           | of other brands and apply the same strategy to get          >
           | better sound?               That's a really interesting
           | topic. I hope an audiophile          shows up to give some
           | thoughts..
           | 
           | Probably want an audio engineer instead of an audiophile
           | hobbyist, for a more proper and informed opinion. =)
           | 
           | However, as an audiophile hobbyist, getting good sound from
           | bad hardware (or excellent sound from good hardware) via DSP
           | is definitely a thing! In fact, it's essentially the reason
           | why anything sounds any good at all these days, and why
           | things like tiny laptop speakers and tiny portable Bluetooth
           | speakers can sound halfway decent. Even inexpensive factory
           | car audio can sound great these days, because you can throw a
           | cheap DSP chip in front of not-very-special speakers.
           | 
           | I would suspect that many laptop manufacturers are doing
           | _some_ hardware /firmware/software magic already, in order to
           | get decent sound from their hardware.
           | 
           | Hobbyists can do this as well. You can buy e.g. cheap
           | speakers, measure their output with a microphone, and create
           | a DSP profile to fix much of what they're doing wrong. The
           | underlying principle here is that "good" sound is absolutely
           | measurable, and it essentially is nothing more low-distortion
           | playback that is tonally correct. The results can sound
           | excellent. Here's an example of the process:
           | http://noaudiophile.com/Micca_Club_3/
           | 
           | However, there are some physical limitations to this. Much of
           | the sound we hear is reflected, not direct, and therefore
           | part of a speaker sounding "good" is that it is emitting
           | "correct" sound in a wide enough angle. If a speaker is
           | shooting correct sound directly at you, but various and
           | incorrect sound off at various angles, the result will not
           | sound great because what actually reaches your ears is going
           | to be a mixture of good (the direct sound) and bad (the
           | indirect, reflected) sound. If a speaker is bad at this, that
           | is not something that can really be fixed by DSP, so you need
           | to get some elements of the physical design correct in the
           | first place.
           | 
           | The software power management aspects of Apple's secret sauce
           | ("you can dump more than max power into the speakers for x
           | milliseconds, but after that, back off") are also beyond the
           | limits of simple DSP solutions. There would presumably need
           | to be some kind of stateful solution there like Asahi is
           | doing.
           | 
           | There are also other things that Apple does in hardware.
           | Their 16-inch laptops actually have _six_ drivers. Two
           | tweeters, and two pairs of dual-opposed woofers. Dual-opposed
           | woofers give you twice the sound pressure and drastically
           | reduce distortion caused via vibration. This of course takes
           | more room, more hardware engineering, more expense, and isn
           | 't something we can software our way around. You actually
           | don't see this in commercial subwoofers until you get up
           | around the $2000 price level, though you could also build one
           | yourself for much less if you don't mind DIY work.
           | https://us.kef.com/products/kf92-subwoofer
        
             | JohnBooty wrote:
             | Also, one of the hilarious things about this hobby &
             | engineering science is that 98% of that insane hardware &
             | software engineering work is only necessary because we're
             | trying to cheat the laws of physics in order to deliver
             | decent sound from tinier and tinier speakers.
             | 
             | If you're willing to go in the other direction, and
             | tolerate bigger speakers, you can have very very enjoyable
             | sound from the sorts of dumb big-box speakers folks
             | commonly had in their living rooms up through the 1980s or
             | so.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | I've got room for the big boxes. Does anyone sell
               | reasonably affordable ones these days?
        
               | toast0 wrote:
               | Thrift stores, generally.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | I was afraid of that. I _can_ re-box them to look nice,
               | but that would be yet another project...
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | Most of the fun old speakers from the 1980s and earlier
               | had paper speaker cones, which actually sound(ed) really
               | nice.
               | 
               | However, the paper from the speaker cones and the rubber
               | surrounds have nearly all rotted away at this point. If
               | there are capacitors in the crossovers, those may need
               | replacing too.
               | 
               | So unfortunately resurrecting old vintage speakers (a
               | noble and worthwhile thing!) from thrift stores is often
               | more involved than refinishing the box.
               | 
               | However if you're willing to put in some legwork, scroll
               | through lots of crap, and deal with safety concerns, you
               | can get some nice higher end gear on Craigslist. (A
               | decent seller will understand you need to demo the
               | speakers to make sure they work)
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | Yes and no, depending on our definitions of "big" and
               | "affordable." What's our version of big and affordable?
               | 
               | If we say "affordable" is about $500-$1000, all in...
               | 
               | For amplification you can get a factory refurbished Denon
               | or similar 5.1 receiver for under $200. This is what I
               | usually recommend because it will give tremendous
               | flexibility over the long haul and honestly,
               | receivers/amplifiers all sound very similar if not
               | identical.
               | 
               | As far as widely available brands, Sony and Polk sell
               | some nice affordable tower speakers for a few hundred
               | dollars. Those put out enough bass to be fun on their own
               | without a subwoofer, depending on what you're looking
               | for.
               | 
               | I actually tend to not love these quite as much as some
               | of the old 80s style "monkey coffin" speakers but that's
               | probably nostalgia talking. There aren't many of those
               | around any more, affordable or otherwise. The cheapest
               | are the BIC EV-15s, which have ridiculous 15" red
               | woofers, but sound pretty nice and the grill covers do a
               | good job of hiding the red woofers.
               | 
               | There are also a lot of great bookshelf style speakers
               | and Wirecutter does a great job maintaining a leaderboard
               | of sorts. Compared to what most people want these days,
               | maybe these are considered "big."
               | https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-
               | bookshelf-sp...
               | 
               | So...
               | 
               | You can have a nice, simple 2-channel stereo system with
               | a receiver and two tower speakers for as little as $500.
               | It will sound great with nearly zero complexity and you
               | can stop there. That is enough to be happy until the end
               | of your days!
               | 
               | You can substitute bookshelves for towers, but
               | practically speaking you'll probably need to buy speaker
               | stands as well and at that point you've spent as much as
               | towers would have cost.
               | 
               | If you're willing to spend a little more and add a
               | subwoofer or two and tolerate more complexity, you can
               | have something extremely good and full-range for
               | $500-$1000 total.
               | 
               | There are options such as DIY that can deliver much
               | greater price/performance, and are a lot of fun if you're
               | into that and don't mind buying up half of the wood
               | clamps at your local Harbor Freight. Very roughly
               | speaking the DIY flat pack kits will give you about 2-3x
               | the price/performance of commercial speakers.
        
               | eropple wrote:
               | This is great advice, thanks. :) The DIY route is
               | immediately tempting, and I have a wood shop so I'm not
               | afraid of hacking problems away in a medium-density
               | fiberboard fashion, but I am looking to avoid new
               | projects!
               | 
               | I hear you on the bookshelf speakers. My desk speakers
               | are a couple of Edifier S1000DB's (cheap Mackie CR3's
               | before that) and for work stuff that's fine. I never
               | thought about sticking them anywhere else, but that might
               | be enough; my living room is small.
               | 
               | Definitely some stuff to chew on. Thank you again!
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | Happy to help. Good luck to you! It's a fun hobby,
               | potentially a rabbit hole, but also a _fun_ rabbit
               | hole... and also it doesn 't need to be a rabbit hole at
               | all.
               | 
               | If you decide to look into the DIY route, PartsExpress
               | and DIYSoundGroup are two of the most popular sources for
               | affordable flat-pack kits.
        
             | shrx wrote:
             | Total audio noob here: are you talking about hardware or
             | software DSP? If I had a pair of decent speakers and a
             | microphone hooked up to my PC, how would I go about
             | "tuning" the speakers?
        
               | erdewit wrote:
               | > If I had a pair of decent speakers and a microphone
               | hooked up to my PC, how would I go about "tuning" the
               | speakers?
               | 
               | Blatant plug: https://github.com/erdewit/HiFiScan
        
               | shrx wrote:
               | Thanks, will give it a try.
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | are you talking about hardware or software DSP?
               | 
               | You could do it either way. Hardware solution like a
               | MiniDSP, although it appears they have unfortunately
               | discontinued their more affordable products. Or a
               | software solution like EqualizerAPO (Windows) or
               | SoundSource (Mac).                   If I had a pair of
               | decent speakers and a microphone hooked up to my PC
               | 
               | Quick summary.
               | 
               | 1. You need a calibrated microphone like the uMik from
               | MiniDSP or one from Dayton Audio. That's about $100,
               | though, so that sort of kills the value equation in a lot
               | of situations.[1]
               | 
               | 2. You then measure the speaker's output with something
               | such as a free tool called Room EQ Wizard:
               | https://www.roomeqwizard.com/
               | 
               | 3. REQ can then output the necessary DSP configuration
               | files, that can be then be used by a MiniDSP,
               | EqualizerAPO, etc. Or it can just tell you the necessary
               | corrections that can then be manually typed into anything
               | that supports parametric EQ settings.
               | 
               | Here's a video fully demonstrating all of that:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T1aYsjPc2m4&t=2s
               | 
               | ____
               | 
               | [1] There are community efforts to take these kinds of
               | measurements and open source them so everybody can
               | benefit. The largest I'm aware of is these open-sourced
               | headphone measurements (which require a different sort of
               | measurement rig) and corrections: https://github.com/jaak
               | kopasanen/AutoEq/tree/master/results/...
               | 
               | For speakers, there are the measurements and EQ
               | corrections published by places like
               | AudioScienceReview.com and NoAudiophile.com
               | 
               | If you do software EQ and use other peoples' measurements
               | you can do this for $0, without the grunt work of
               | measurements.
        
               | shrx wrote:
               | Thanks a lot, will look into EqualizerAPO.
               | 
               | > You need a calibrated microphone
               | 
               | Ah, of course, it's a chicken and egg problem... :)
               | 
               | edit: typos
        
               | JohnBooty wrote:
               | The way I got started was using the measurements +
               | corrections from NoAudiophile.com -- so I cheated and
               | sidestepped the chicken/egg. =)
               | 
               | His corrections for cheap Micca speakers were my gateway
               | into hi-fi. For under $100 I had true hi-fi sound at my
               | desk. However, he's not active any more, and most of the
               | speakers he's measured are no longer available.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | > as an audiophile hobbyist, getting good sound from bad
             | hardware (or excellent sound from good hardware) via DSP is
             | definitely a thing!
             | 
             | Acknowledging this lifts you out of the category of
             | "audiophile" into "person who actually knows about audio"
             | ;) There's a lot of what I can only describe as outdated
             | prejudice about what can be achieved with class D systems.
             | Your explanations in this thread are excellent.
             | 
             | > I would suspect that many laptop manufacturers are doing
             | some hardware/firmware/software magic already, in order to
             | get decent sound from their hardware.
             | 
             | Correct, especially in mobile phones. My employer has some
             | products in this area, e.g.
             | https://www.cirrus.com/products/cs35l41/ , which has
             | exactly the sort of speaker protection under discussion
             | done by on-chip DSP.
        
         | jdiez17 wrote:
         | > I'd be tempted to just throw the Apple libraries into Ghidra
         | and see what they do
         | 
         | The Asahi people usually reverse engineer things like the audio
         | system by running macOS under the m1n1 hypervisor, which lets
         | you inspect interactions with the hardware using a Python API
        
         | zamnos wrote:
         | The other question is how much is done in software vs hardware?
         | I can imagine an opamp doing the integration to kick in a
         | volume reduction to avoid damaging the speakers when there's
         | been too much power pushed, and Ghidra could never show you
         | that.
        
           | pjc50 wrote:
           | It does appear it's done in software, this post is talking
           | about the Free reimplementation: https://github.com/chadmed/s
           | peakersafetyd/blob/main/src/type...
           | 
           | (Nobody does maths with opamps any more, it's less area and
           | lower power to ADC the signals you want and do it in digital.
           | It's also much easier to tune)
        
       | alright_scowl wrote:
       | Except they don't? I hate the speaker sound on the Mac I use for
       | work.
       | 
       | Unless "so good" in the title means "not as awful as other shitty
       | laptop speakers", but even that is a poor statement, when the
       | text in the link makes only mentions some vaguely interesting
       | technical musings, without comparing it to anything else.
       | 
       | The way the title is written makes it sound just like any other
       | inane data point of people gushing over Macs.
        
         | Kiro wrote:
         | The speakers are amazing on my M1. I'm constantly surprised how
         | beefy bass and clean sound they can produce. Don't recall them
         | being so great on my previous MacBooks though.
        
           | alright_scowl wrote:
           | I wouldn't describe the speakers on the M1 I use as amazing.
           | It's more or less as bad as the speakers of previous laptops
           | I used.
           | 
           | I mean, it is a speaker. Good enough for simple sound
           | feedback on most applications. Music on it sounds bad.
        
             | Kiro wrote:
             | Yeah, ok. I presume that by your standard anything less
             | than FLAC on a Bowers & Wilkins Nautilus is unworthy your
             | ears but for us mere mortals the MacBook M1 speakers sound
             | amazing for music as well. It's a massive improvement
             | compared to any other laptop speakers I've heard.
        
               | alright_scowl wrote:
               | [dead]
        
         | danaris wrote:
         | Different people are going to have _very, very_ different
         | standards for what sounds good in speakers.
         | 
         | For me, the MacBook Pro speakers sound great. My HomePod mini
         | sounds fantastic. Because a) they're literally the best
         | speakers I have ever owned, and b) I have never made Getting
         | The Very Best Sound a priority; it just doesn't matter that
         | much to me. Most of the time, I listen on AirPods.
         | 
         | For other people, music and high-quality sound are more of a
         | way of life. They probably own speakers that cost high three
         | figures (or more) individually. They are more likely to find
         | the MBP speakers to be subpar. I'm guessing you fall into this
         | category. And that's fine: it's just a question of different
         | priorities.
         | 
         | The important thing, for people on either side of that fuzzy
         | line, is to recognize that the other people exist, and in the
         | latter case to recognize that the former group is by far the
         | larger one, and most people in it haven't really heard what
         | day-to-day audio is like from really high-end speakers.
        
           | fsociety wrote:
           | I am going to be less generous and suggest that some people
           | just want to hate on macs for the sake of hating on macs.
           | Sticking it to the "man".
           | 
           | I'm a bit obsessed with audio.. and I never expect my laptop
           | speakers to match the quality of my fancy headphone setup
           | that probably nets for about $4K.
           | 
           | They are no high-end speaker, but compared to any other
           | laptop speaker I have heard they are amazing.
        
             | alright_scowl wrote:
             | > I am going to be less generous and suggest that some
             | people just want to hate on macs for the sake of hating on
             | macs. Sticking it to the "man".
             | 
             | Far more common is the group that love on macs for the sake
             | of loving on macs? Apple can sell in iTurd, and they will
             | gush on its unique aroma and exquisite taste.
             | 
             | I have a Mac, it's the laptop issued by my employer. It's
             | an okay laptop. Ridiculously overpriced, but since I was
             | not the one that paid for it, I don't really care.
             | 
             | I personally like my personal laptop a lot more (not a
             | Mac). The sound of both speakers is comparably bad, much
             | worse than the set of speakers and subwoofer I have plugged
             | into my dock. I wouldn't describe any of those speakers as
             | "so good".
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Thanks for proving his point.
        
               | alright_scowl wrote:
               | Except, you're proving mine.
               | 
               | In a thread full of people gushing on Mac speakers, me
               | saying it's an okay but overpriced machine is considered
               | "hating for the sake of hating"
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | But that's not what this subthread is about. It _was_
               | about different people having different priorities.
               | fsociety remarked (quite correctly) that there are a
               | _large_ number of people who constantly feel the need to
               | denigrate Macs, no matter the context--and you came in
               | and said, basically,  "That's not true. I have a Mac, and
               | I don't like it very much."
               | 
               | Were those your _words_? No, but it sure sounded like it
               | was your _implication_. You didn 't just say they were
               | overpriced (which would be a common complaint, but these
               | days needs a lot more citation, given their extremely
               | good performance per watt, and overall build quality).
               | You said they were _ridiculously_ overpriced, which
               | implies that no reasonable person could look at one and
               | think it was worth buying.
               | 
               | You came into a subthread that pointed out that _there
               | are people who like to gratuitously hate on Macs_ , and
               | you tried to paint it as being the opposite, _while_
               | damning them with, at the very best, faint praise.
        
               | alright_scowl wrote:
               | > fsociety remarked (quite correctly) that there are a
               | large number of people who constantly feel the need to
               | denigrate Macs
               | 
               | And in response I remarked (very accurately) that there's
               | an even larger number of people who constantly feel the
               | need to always gush over anything Mac. This very thread
               | is full of such examples.
               | 
               | > "That's not true. I have a Mac, and I don't like it
               | very much."
               | 
               | Misrepresenting much? I said it's an okay laptop. Gets
               | the job done.
               | 
               | > You said they were ridiculously overpriced, which
               | implies that no reasonable person could look at one and
               | think it was worth buying.
               | 
               | That's true. I can get other okay laptops for perhaps
               | half the price. But they won't be as sexy as Apples. They
               | certainly don't have fanboys taking offense at someone
               | saying they are just okay.
               | 
               | > You came into a subthread
               | 
               | I was the one that started the subthread, by daring to
               | say that the M1 I use has a speaker as bad as any other
               | laptop I used. Oh the horror.
        
               | Kiro wrote:
               | [dead]
        
       | jacksgt wrote:
       | Off topic: it's such a breath of fresh air to read this content
       | without 1) having to close half a dozen popups and 2) all in a
       | single post and not painfully spread out across multiple
       | messages.
        
         | alanfranz wrote:
         | Once upon a time this was called a "blog post".
        
         | nicce wrote:
         | You might like it even more when reading through elk.zone
         | 
         | https://elk.zone/infosec.exchange/@marcan@treehouse.systems
         | 
         | There is popup about the preview, but that might be acceptable.
         | There is zen mode to remove all disturbances on right bottom.
        
         | mrtksn wrote:
         | Doesn't do targeted ads, so doesn't have to have an EU cookie
         | popup.
         | 
         | Doesn't have an app, so doesn't have to try to make you install
         | the app.
         | 
         | Doesn't do registered users growth hacking, doesn't have to
         | have sign-up dialog.
         | 
         | The problem is, if and when they decide to monetise this thing
         | they will have to have all of these because the money people
         | and the analytics will tell them they have to.
         | 
         | Everything is much more fun when it's paid by someone else,
         | that's why the old web was so nice. The content was produced
         | for free and the distribution was handled by VCs. Today, these
         | VCs are recouping their investments.
        
           | Nextgrid wrote:
           | > The content was produced for free and the distribution was
           | handled by VCs
           | 
           | And even that, content distribution was handled by a
           | volunteer happy to chip in a few bucks to pay for shared
           | hosting.
           | 
           | Content distribution (and infrastructure in general) nowadays
           | is cheaper than ever thanks to technological advances
           | (today's entry-level MacBook is more powerful than a lot of
           | _servers_ from 10 years ago).
           | 
           | There is absolutely a way to distribute content for very
           | cheap nowadays if you know how to - you just have to avoid
           | the rent-seekers like cloud providers.
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | > Everything is much more fun when it's paid by someone else,
           | that's why the old web was so nice.
           | 
           | What are you talking about? The old web was filled with ads.
           | They just weren't tracking you every nanosecond of your life.
           | 
           | Google's AdWords was launched in 2000. DoubleClick that
           | Google acquired in 2008 was launched in _1995_. Ad exchanges
           | are from 1998. And so on
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline_of_online_advertising
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | > They just weren't tracking you every nanosecond of your
             | life.
             | 
             | Exactly.
             | 
             | But only some of that was paid by ads.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | > But only some of that was paid by ads.
               | 
               | Ah yes. They were paid by altruists who had the foresight
               | to know that 30 years later they will be able to track
               | everyone and collect their dues.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | Those who relied on making profits were decimated as VC
               | funded user experience was much superior. It was an era
               | of land-grab.
        
               | dmitriid wrote:
               | Those who relied on anything were decimated in the bubble
               | of 2001.
               | 
               | Also, you're pretending that all of those sites were
               | making a profit, or operated under the assumption of
               | making a profit. There was _a lot_ of money thrown at any
               | and all internet companies by the end of 1990s. It 's
               | just that the market was much smaller.
        
           | makapuf wrote:
           | Distributing a static HTML page content does not need a VC.
           | Nginx on an RPI on my home connection does provide sufficient
           | level of performance and availability. If I need more because
           | my content is way popular, I guess a monetization scheme
           | (asking for a tip) might cover it ?
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | > If I need more because my content is way popular, I guess
             | a monetization scheme (asking for a tip) might cover it ?
             | 
             | Hetzner will give you a powerful server for ~30 bucks/month
             | and includes 20TB of bandwidth for free (and overages are
             | charged at ~1$/TB, almost 90x less than AWS). That's enough
             | to host and serve _a lot_ of content.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | If you are not getting paid for your servers you are the
             | VC/Angel.
        
               | ysavir wrote:
               | How does that make them the VC/Angel?
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | They provide the capital required for that venture.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | So if I order lunch, am I providing the capital required
               | for the venture of ordering lunch? Is there anything in
               | the universe that's not venture capital?
               | 
               | When all you know is a hammer...
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | No. If you are s 14 years who is into hobbits and you are
               | writing a fan fiction, your mom is a venture capitalist
               | when feeds you and gives you pocket money which you used
               | to buy a domain. She can be a venture capitalist or angel
               | investor depending on her expectations. I guess it also
               | can be a case of racketeering if she does that you just
               | shut up, then you are the VC investing in your own stuff
               | with the money you extorted by being a really annoying
               | kid :)
               | 
               | Anyway, it doesn't matter. The gist is, someone else than
               | the user paid for the experience without immediate
               | expectation for profit from side channels and that's how
               | we had free and awesome things.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | Most of the time, it wasn't other people. People were
               | paying for their own hosting for their own purposes, much
               | like how I order lunch.
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | No, you miss the point. Because of those who were paying
               | their own hosting the rest was able to have free and
               | awesome stuff. The paying out of pocket to show your own
               | stuff to other people was the act of funding a venture.
               | Some ended up turning these into profitable businesses.
        
               | recursive wrote:
               | I just think it's weird calling hobbies "venture
               | capital". But if that's your thing, at least now I
               | understand it.
        
               | zopa wrote:
               | A bit of a difference in motivation between a hobbyist
               | and a VC.
        
               | eaplmx wrote:
               | Agreed! Here you are more a patron or sponsor who's
               | disinterestedly giving spare money for something you
               | think is good for the rest of the people.
               | 
               | Although the Angel investor expects a few shares of a
               | company, I like the analogy of an 'angel sponsor'.
        
             | ziftface wrote:
             | I really hope you're right but I don't think it will play
             | out that simply for mastodon. I have high hopes for it,
             | hopefully these problems are solved but with this rate of
             | growth, what will happen when there's a big political event
             | that used to cripple Twitter back in the day? I don't think
             | tips will cover it.
        
               | Nextgrid wrote:
               | Mastodon (and the general "fediverse") is an inefficient
               | disaster by design, but if you ignore that and go back to
               | old-school forum software, your Raspberry Pi will be just
               | fine for a few hundred _concurrent_ users (and way more
               | for read-only traffic).
        
           | eloisant wrote:
           | No, all the bloggers I was reading on the old web were paying
           | for their hosting a few bucks a month and no VC were
           | involved.
           | 
           | Some of them included ads but they were mostly in a sidebar.
        
             | mrtksn wrote:
             | They were paying for the costs? Then they were the VC. Some
             | of them actually grew to be huge and wealthy.
        
               | pjc50 wrote:
               | me paying $5 to wordpress: i'm a venture capitalist now
               | mom
               | 
               | (seriously, this is a very silly way of using terms to
               | cover extremely small amounts of capital)
        
               | mrtksn wrote:
               | The size of the capital doesn't change the reality of the
               | financial structure.
        
               | makapuf wrote:
               | You equate VC with tracking and then equate VC with
               | anyone that provides money whatever the intention. By
               | that logic, you imply that anyone providing money
               | (including a mom for his 14yo son) will track everyone
               | and gather a lot of stats and push an app ? Remember
               | WhatsApp did cost a few bucks a year and was self
               | sufficient, it was bought by fb not because of cost of
               | operation but to ensure market share.
        
           | duckfruit wrote:
           | On that vein, I recently joined home-barista, an old school
           | web forum for coffee geeks.
           | 
           | That site is seemingly frozen in time from the early 2000s.
           | There are no trackers - there's no need, since it is already
           | filled with a self selected group. The ads are just simple
           | banners. And best of all it filled with a group of
           | passionate, kind and helpful folks. A simpler site from a
           | simpler time. One of my favorite haunts on the web.
        
           | cesarb wrote:
           | > Doesn't have an app
           | 
           | It does have an app. See https://joinmastodon.org/apps for
           | not only the official app, but also literally dozens of
           | third-party apps.
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | The idea of feedback-based _userspace_ software thermal
       | management like this seems suboptimal to me -- the failure modes
       | are nasty. (By feedback-based, I mean using V /I sense from the
       | amp.)
       | 
       | The goal is to prevent the voice coil from overheating, ever. So
       | some kind of calculation runs at some interval t, and it needs to
       | ensure that, over the upcoming time t, the input to the amp can't
       | possibly overheat the coil, and of course it can't use V/I sense
       | data to do understand the upcoming heat input.
       | 
       | So, at best, one estimates the coil temperature and comes up with
       | an upper bound on how much heat can be added over time t (either
       | based on worst-case music, e.g. a 0dBFS square wave or based on
       | the actual samples), and either allows the next group of samples
       | to be sent to the amp or not.
       | 
       | But this is all a tradeoff with real-time performance and battery
       | life. You want t to be long to minimize performance impact and
       | power consumption, especially if user code is involved. But you
       | want t to be short to maximize the ability to play loud music,
       | especially if you aren't looking at the actual upcoming waveform.
       | 
       | And you don't want your speakers to burn out of you are doing
       | something CPU intensive and your userspace daemon doesn't
       | schedule.
       | 
       | To me, this all suggests that an in-kernel solution could work a
       | lot better. The kernel is involved in sending samples to the
       | hardware anyway -- it has the opportunity to look at those
       | samples _right then_ , calculate the integrated power (could be
       | as simple as the sum of the squares or even just a constant!),
       | and decide whether it's safe. And fetch the V/I sense data to
       | figure out the status, and reduce the volume if it fails. And if
       | the kernel code pushing samples to hardware stops running for
       | whatever reason, the sound is inherently muted as long as the
       | hardware isn't configured to loop '90's broken CD style.
        
       | thrdbndndn wrote:
       | Is this post part of a longer one? Because after reading it I
       | still don't understand a thing.
       | 
       | Did they mean it's done in software (i.e. not hardware)?
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | Software, surprisingly:
         | https://github.com/chadmed/speakersafetyd/blob/main/src/type...
         | 
         | I'm aware of hardware solutions that do the same thing.
        
           | thrdbndndn wrote:
           | Isn't it for Linux? I thought Macs use MacOS.
           | 
           | Again I feel like I'm reading something out of context.
        
             | wtallis wrote:
             | I think the context that you're missing is that the author
             | of the post is one of the main developers for the Asahi
             | Linux project that is porting Linux to the Apple M1/M2
             | family of Macs. They're trying to implement for Linux
             | software support for all the Mac hardware capabilities that
             | macOS already supports. Since the speaker safety model is
             | apparently done in software under macOS, an equivalent
             | needs to be reverse engineered and implemented for Linux in
             | order for Linux to be able to use the speaker hardware as
             | effectively as macOS does.
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | Some people like to run Linux on their Apple hardware
             | because they like the quality of the hardware but don't
             | like Apple's software decisions.
        
               | Maursault wrote:
               | So it's about control, the preference of reigning in Hell
               | to serving in Heaven.
        
               | thrdbndndn wrote:
               | I get that, but I don't get why this is "[a] reason why
               | Mac speakers sound better and louder than most". Because
               | Macs' speakers sound great even in MacOS.
        
         | alanfranz wrote:
         | It's a mix of hardware and software. Hardware monitoring and
         | software control, if I understand things correctly.
        
       | wyager wrote:
       | I've noticed that my M1 MBP provides a seemingly implausible
       | degree of stereo width (the left and right channel sound as if
       | they are at a physically more extreme angle relative to your head
       | than they actually are) but only if you are in the right place
       | relative to the laptop. Also, if you play a pure R tone, you will
       | hear it in the L speaker (wlog). This leads me to suspect they
       | are doing some phasing tricks to increase the perception of
       | stereo (again, assuming you're in the right place relative to the
       | laptop).
        
       | kkielhofner wrote:
       | Interesting the author says "other manufacturers don't bother".
       | Unsurprisingly the real reason is "Apple was granted a patent on
       | this over a decade ago and no one is risking an Apple patent
       | infringement lawsuit over laptop speakers".
       | 
       | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130329898
       | 
       | EDIT: I say granted because that's how most people understand
       | patents and when they take effect. What really matters on the
       | timeline here is the filing (priority) date and the grant
       | (publish date).
       | 
       | It's patents so it gets really complicated but essentially the
       | later grant (after patent office/authority "review") more or less
       | makes the effective date the priority date - which to complicate
       | matters even further can actually be the filing date of a
       | referenced provisional patent that (in the US) can be as long as
       | 12 months before the non-provisional (real) patent filing.
       | 
       | Clear as mud, right?
        
         | NotYourLawyer wrote:
         | That's not a patent. That's a published version of a patent
         | _application_.
         | 
         | The patent has actually been granted thought. It's here:
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US9131302B2/
        
           | kkielhofner wrote:
           | It was the first result when I put together the right search
           | terms to find it and shows granted. Good enough for me.
           | 
           | If you can find any differences in the claims or figures I'd
           | be interested.
        
             | NotYourLawyer wrote:
             | I'm not gonna go through and compare the wording, but the
             | difference is that one set is enforceable and the other
             | isn't.
        
         | foobiekr wrote:
         | So is the thesis here that there is no other way to have non-
         | crap sound on a laptop than this Apple patent? No alternative?
         | No patent-non-infringing approach?
         | 
         | Because if not, the real reason is as the author suggests:
         | other manufacturers don't bother.
         | 
         | I have been working a long time - decades - in a part of the
         | industry that is not just patent happy but patent berserk and
         | it has never been my experience that other approaches are not
         | available when a single approach is patent-walled off.
        
           | brudgers wrote:
           | I'm not saying there might not be another way.
           | 
           | But iTunes and the other big music distribution power players
           | have requirements and use encoding technologies based on
           | loudness rather than power. [1]
           | 
           | This is why your playlists don't require adjusting the volume
           | between songs from different artists/albums/eras/genres.
           | 
           | So it is likely that Apple's method works hand in hand with
           | the technical constraints of iTunes requirements and other
           | streaming encodings.
           | 
           | And why the threat of Apple's patent may be providing a moat.
           | Like Dolby, except that licensing patents isn't a core
           | revenue stream for Apple.
           | 
           | [1] TFA doesn't cut a bright line between power and loudness
           | within its argument. But that's a critical part of
           | contemporary audio engineering in today's commercial music
           | production.
        
         | hn92726819 wrote:
         | I don't know much about patents. Can you explain why this
         | patent is avoided by other manufacturers, but other apple
         | patents seem to be happily copied?
         | 
         | For example, the Apple/Samsung saga, the notch, and I'm sure
         | there are others
        
           | kkielhofner wrote:
           | It's a classic risk vs reward calculation. Basically "does
           | this impact/benefit the user experience and therefore
           | marketability and potential sales enough to justify
           | potentially 'going to the mat' in court if they call us out
           | on it". Where "going to the mat" is absurdly expensive patent
           | litigation up to and including building an outdoor ice
           | skating rink[0] (in TEXAS) to potentially influence jurors in
           | Marshall, TX (a 22k person town which happens to be home of
           | the Federal Eastern District of Texas - a court known to be
           | very friendly to patent infringement suits, AKA a "rocket
           | docket"[1]). Not only is the litigation and associated stunts
           | like ice skating rinks expensive, if you lose there can be
           | significant damages - like in the Apple vs Samsung case where
           | Samsung lost and was ordered to pay over $1B in damages. Then
           | you get to decide if you want to keep paying legal fees to
           | appeal, etc. It's called the Apple/Samsung patent war because
           | this stretched on for at least seven years - likely to the
           | tune of 10s of millions or even 100s of millions of dollars
           | in legal expenses. Then, when/if you lose, you're usually
           | ordered to also pay the legal expenses of the other party.
           | 
           | Apple vs Samsung was largely over key UI/UX components that
           | are more or less standards for what users expect from a
           | modern device. Samsung had to essentially calculate "do we
           | try to work around these patents (and maybe get sued anyway)
           | or offer a product in the marketplace that is markedly sub-
           | standard vs a competitor product".
           | 
           | Somewhat paradoxically, at the "startup scale" when I've
           | dealt with patent prosecution (filing patents - terminology
           | is kind of backwards) I've been specifically instructed by IP
           | counsel not to do in-depth patent searches for
           | existing/competing patents. If it can be proven you knowingly
           | infringed on a patent the damages increase significantly
           | because it can then be considered "willful infringement".
           | Good IP counsel often offers a service that (essentially)
           | puts up a little bit of a firewall between the "inventor" and
           | this issue - the firm does searches you're not privy to and
           | usually channels some information to you while not disclosing
           | specifics of the patent. This communication has the benefit
           | of being protected by attorney-client privilege which is
           | almost impossible to pierce.
           | 
           | For something like this I doubt many consumers are making a
           | purchasing decision solely on what laptop speakers sound
           | like. Most people don't really care, sure, it's a "nice to
           | have" for your laptop speakers to sound better but from a
           | sales and revenue standpoint the difference is likely
           | minuscule.
           | 
           | [0] - https://hbswk.hbs.edu/item/why-south-korea-s-samsung-
           | built-t...
           | 
           | [1] - https://www.texasmonthly.com/news-politics/patently-
           | unfair/
        
           | hgsgm wrote:
           | Samsung and notch are maybe copies Apple's ridiculous design
           | (and some functional software) patents that they reasonably
           | believed would never hold up in court.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | This is another excellent point. The standard (traced back
             | to Thomas Jefferson and in The Constitution) is that
             | patents are intended to be granted on "inventions" that are
             | "novel and non-obvious"[0]. Obviously, as shown in cases
             | like this, that's highly subjective and as I've been
             | educated, this all comes down to a jury (with the games of
             | jury selection and all) - a bunch of random people off the
             | street with no background or understanding of any of this -
             | and that's just how the attorneys want it.
             | 
             | In modern times "To promote the Progress of Science and
             | useful Arts"[1] usually ends up having the opposite effect.
             | Literally in The Constitution (a document from 1787) -
             | Article I, Section 8, Clause 8.
             | 
             | [0] - https://ipwatchdog.com/2021/03/05/balancing-
             | innovation-compe...
             | 
             | [1] - https://constitution.congress.gov/browse/essay/artI-S
             | 8-C8-1/...
        
           | theshrike79 wrote:
           | The Apple/Samsung saga was about design patents, which are a
           | completely different beast.
           | 
           | Things like the shape of the Coca-Cola bottle are under
           | design patents and that's why Pepsi can't just 1:1 copy it
           | without an expensive lawsuit.
        
         | golergka wrote:
         | TBH, this is exactly the kind of innovation that patents are
         | intended for.
        
         | kergonath wrote:
         | > Unsurprisingly the real reason is "Apple was granted a patent
         | on this over a decade ago and no one is risking an Apple patent
         | infringement lawsuit over laptop speakers".
         | 
         | It is not exclusive. I cannot believe that there is only one
         | way of doing something like this. They just need to care enough
         | to put some R&D money into this.
        
           | kkielhofner wrote:
           | Sure, but as I've noted elsewhere if it goes to court it ends
           | up in the hands of a jury. Let's just say that 12 random
           | jurors off the street aren't exactly the HN crowd. In fact, I
           | doubt a single HN user would ever make it on a jury for
           | anything technical unless they lied or deliberately mislead
           | counsel during juror questioning.
           | 
           | "Juror number 7, what is your occupation?"
           | 
           | "I'm a software developer..."
           | 
           | "We move to dismiss this juror".
           | 
           | In this case it could probably be argued for cause due to
           | prejudice which means they can do it all day.
           | 
           | A big part of the calculus here is banking on that.
        
             | Nitrolo wrote:
             | Are parents disputes decided by a jury in the US? I know we
             | have a different system in Germany and don't have juries to
             | begin with, but patent disputes are generally handled by
             | specific courts here and, given how specific and technical
             | these cases can be, I wouldn't trust twelve random people
             | to decide them.
        
             | counttheforks wrote:
             | You're really spelling out how toxic and evil the american
             | patent system is.
        
             | Nextgrid wrote:
             | Out of curiosity, why would they not want to select someone
             | who's a subject-matter expert? Is it regulatory capture or
             | is there a more innocent reason?
        
               | shagie wrote:
               | People with expert knowledge on the jury bring additional
               | information into the jury room that isn't presented in
               | the court proceedings.
               | 
               | ...
               | 
               | Years ago, when I was on the jury for a OWI case one of
               | the questions to the jury was "do you speak Spanish." I
               | don't, I answered "no." I don't speak and haven't studied
               | any languages derived from Spanish.
               | 
               | Part of the case was about a defendant from Puerto Rico
               | who wasn't responding to an officer who was a native
               | Spanish speaker claiming that he couldn't understand that
               | dialect. Note that this wasn't relevant to the case - it
               | was trying to explain why the defendant wasn't responding
               | to the officer.
               | 
               | The question of Spanish didn't come up in jury
               | deliberations.
               | 
               | After the case, I noted that while I didn't speak
               | Spanish, I did understand French and could read ancient
               | latin and greek... and took linguistics... and my mother
               | was fluent in Spanish and understood several dialects
               | (and used that fluency in a professional capacity)
               | including Puerto Rican (where she had lived for several
               | years). The differences between the PR Spanish and
               | Mexican Spanish are things like the word for the fruit
               | "orange" is a "china" ( http://speakinglatino.com//wp-
               | content/uploads/2012/09/Cartil... )... but we're getting
               | to things like is it a water fountain? or drinking
               | fountain? No - it's a bubbler ( https://www.reddit.com/r/
               | MapPorn/comments/9010e8/what_do_you... ).
               | 
               | This got a scowl from the public defender because I had
               | beyond common knowledge that that line of questions of
               | the officer about if he spoke PR Spanish was trying to
               | catch him in something that he could come back to later
               | (which he didn't).
               | 
               | If the case had been decided on that he didn't understand
               | the instructions of a different dialect (rather than he
               | couldn't stand up, slurred his speech and had a strong
               | oder of malt on his breath (note this was another bit
               | that the public defender tried to bring into question as
               | the officer said he smelled of alcohol which doesn't have
               | a smell itself) my understanding of linguistics and
               | language may have been grounds for disqualification and a
               | mistrial.
               | 
               | ---
               | 
               | Subject matter expert evidence should be presented - not
               | something that someone has more than a layman's
               | understanding of being brought into the jury room (as
               | that could also be wrong).
        
         | hcks wrote:
         | Lol, does Apple also owns a patent that prevents other
         | manufacturers from making something else than pieces of plastic
         | trash devices ?
        
         | sbaiddn wrote:
         | Power engineers have been doing this for decades (a century?);
         | estimating the temperature of a transformer or motor from a
         | simple ODE to see if the relays need to trip. The parameters
         | are derived from the electrical parameters of the transformer.
         | 
         | Aside from applying it to speakers, whats novel?
        
           | analog31 wrote:
           | Speaker engineers have been doing this for decades too. Not
           | necessarily by the specific method chosen by Apple (didn't
           | read the patent), or with laptop speakers, but dynamic
           | control of signals to achieve greater loudness within a
           | specific power rating has been a thing for a long time AFAIK.
           | Here's an example:
           | 
           | https://testing.eminence.com/d-fend/
        
           | kkielhofner wrote:
           | I'm not arguing the merits of this patent (see my other
           | comments). I'm attempting to provide some background on how
           | this messed up system "functions".
           | 
           | That said, this process is not "estimating" anything. It's
           | taking high resolution direct measurements[0] of driver
           | temperature with awareness of the frequency and amplitude of
           | the audio signal (also factoring in crossover frequency) and
           | doing a bunch of stuff (this is well outside my area of
           | expertise) to essentially overpower the individual driver(s)
           | well past their intended electrical and physical
           | specifications.
           | 
           | If I ever ended up on a jury for this (I wouldn't - I would
           | get dismissed after one question in voir dire) even I would
           | have a tough time associating (and recognizing as prior art)
           | what you described with this process.
           | 
           | [0] - I've since been corrected on this - it is an estimation
           | (of sorts).
        
             | zamadatix wrote:
             | The "bunch of stuff" is precisely the part where estimation
             | comes in. There is no direct temperature sensor to measure
             | from, the only thing available is the voltage levels on the
             | speaker. As the patent says it's a 2 level estimate:
             | estimate of impedance from voltages -> estimate of
             | temperature from modelling the speaker's physical parametrs
             | as a function of the driving signal and impedance estimate.
             | 
             | With patents it's not the general idea that's being
             | patented. The patent itself cites many earlier patents
             | which operate around the same general idea just with
             | slightly different implementations on how the control
             | process is fed and how it reacts.
        
               | kkielhofner wrote:
               | Appreciate the clarification - like I said this is well
               | outside my area of expertise and my eyes glazed over
               | pretty quickly in reading but at this point we're
               | borderline in semantics.
               | 
               | Exactly. In this case it's a "process". Generally
               | speaking my take is there's almost never entirely new
               | process (or design or anything else) in any "invention" -
               | humans have been at this for hundreds of years and
               | there's almost nothing that's entirely new.
               | 
               | I don't think I've ever seen a filing without tons of
               | references.
        
               | zamadatix wrote:
               | I suppose the non-semantics point of everyone in this
               | chain is: there is nothing about this patent from Apple
               | that explains why using a dynamic temperature/power limit
               | model for the speakers is uncommon in laptops. They are
               | neither the first nor last to get a patent to do this,
               | why then should it be the "real" reason most laptops
               | don't?
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | If its really this obvious, it should be trivial to get
               | this patent knocked out.
        
               | kkielhofner wrote:
               | See my other comments about patents in practice. They
               | don't matter until you end up in front of a jury (or
               | settle with a troll, which is a different case). A jury
               | comprised of 12 random people off the street,
               | specifically selected by counsel to be as ignorant as
               | possible on the subject matter at hand (easier to
               | influence).
               | 
               | My original point - this isn't enough of a distinguishing
               | feature to drive sales and revenue for any manufacturer
               | to risk that.
               | 
               | Ok, you sold 1% more laptops because you have good
               | speakers. Then Apple sues you and potentially wins
               | damages on a larger percentage of ALL of your sales of
               | that "infringing" product.
               | 
               | Not worth it, not even close. Not even worth it to try to
               | circumvent and still risk getting sued.
        
               | freejazz wrote:
               | Patents do matter, you can get a patent knocked out at
               | several phases in litigation prior to actually arriving
               | at a trial. That's not even assuming the defendant goes
               | and gets a stay to IPR the patent.
        
               | zamadatix wrote:
               | I doubt e.g. Dell, HP, Lenovo, and others have been
               | shipping >100 million laptops per year longer than this
               | patent has been around with most, if not all, without the
               | feature primarily because Apple was one of many (and not
               | the last) to file a patent on their implementation of a
               | common feature in the sound industry and they are now
               | afraid of and upreprade for legal battles related to
               | making laptops. More likely few just care about crappy
               | laptop speaker sound enough to write a driver modeling
               | each device and speaker combination for a significantly
               | wider variety of shipping hardware. But I suppose it's
               | impossible to know without asking every manufacturer.
        
               | kkielhofner wrote:
               | We're saying the same thing.
               | 
               | They don't care because it doesn't impact sales enough to
               | care. If some R&D person in these orgs took interest in
               | this it would get smacked down by PMs, execs, etc because
               | it doesn't matter and they don't care. That's all well
               | before it even gets to legal where this patent would be
               | discovered. With these factors compounded it doesn't
               | happen - and Apple has a tiny edge on what is probably
               | their core market/demographic anyway.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | icegreentea2 wrote:
               | Yes. In this case it's maybe a little face palmy how fill
               | in the blanks are... but heh.
               | 
               | It cites a Bang & Olufsen patent
               | (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20090257599A1/en)
               | which implements voice-coil protection via measuring the
               | resistance/impedance of the speaker while it's being
               | driven.
               | 
               | It also cites another patent
               | (https://patents.google.com/patent/US20120020488A1/en)
               | which implements control of a speaker via combination of
               | impedance measurements of the speaker while it's being
               | driven + a baseline ("binding") measurement of impedance
               | + ambient temperature that is taken at device power up -
               | ie generating a per device calibration curve.
               | 
               | From quickly staring at these, the Apple patents threads
               | the needle by:
               | 
               | * Implementing speaker control using the output of a
               | temperature model (which is fed by the resistance
               | measurement), instead of "directly" operating on speaker
               | resistance.
               | 
               | * Not implementing per-speaker calibration.
               | 
               | (Note! There are other cited patents that I didn't look
               | at, this wasn't meant to be exhaustive, just
               | illustrative... and just to generally satisfy an itch)
        
       | ofrzeta wrote:
       | I was expecting to learn more about the hardware (planar magnetic
       | speakers as far as I know). There's surprisingly little info on
       | this.
        
       | jbverschoor wrote:
       | Ok, buggy software might explain why my M1 speakers, and the
       | motherboard had to be replaced within a year?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | zamnos wrote:
         | Or just a case of bad hardware from the factory. QC is run by
         | humans and sometimes out of spec (aka busted) hardware makes it
         | out of the factory. Was your replacement covered by Apple care?
        
           | jbverschoor wrote:
           | Yeah it was still under warrantee, but it's just a hassle,
           | because the solution was to replace the board + speakers.
           | Which means restoring a backup and a week without my main
           | machine. Just weird they had to change that, as it just
           | sounded as if the speakers were blown up
        
       | tiborsaas wrote:
       | I've given this 3 reads and I still don't understand what he
       | wants to say and I'm producing music since 2001, not a
       | professional level, but still :) Is it a software or a hardware
       | trick by Apple? I'm totally confused :)
       | 
       | I've assumed that Macbook Pros sound great because Apple put
       | decent speakers into it and the alu-body picks up resonances much
       | better than plastic ones.
        
       | graderjs wrote:
       | When I first got my current MacBook Air the sound totally
       | surprised me. It seemed like it was coming from places to the
       | left and to the right of the actual device. I kept moving my head
       | around that space to try to find the weird source of the sound!
       | It truly blew me away. But then that sensation disappeared. Now I
       | don't notice this? I like the AirPod head tracking, but this
       | "spookily surround sound" that I noticed at first was very
       | fucking cool!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | tokamak-teapot wrote:
         | M1 Air user here too.
         | 
         | I am convinced there must be some kind of 'spatial' processing
         | going on, even though I'm as certain as I can be that I'm
         | listening to a plain stereo source, Spotify web version on
         | Firefox.
         | 
         | Why does it sound like a particular instrument is up in the air
         | to my right? I've found myself getting up and looking for the
         | source of a sound before realising it was in the music.
        
           | kalleboo wrote:
           | On the M2 series laptops (Air and Pro) they tout "Support for
           | Spatial Audio when playing music or video with Dolby Atmos on
           | built-in speakers", but it's not on the M1 laptops.
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | This would not matter to the parent poster listening to
             | Spotify, which is not a Dolby Atmos source.
        
             | audiothrowaway wrote:
             | Sorry to be the um actually guy, but every supported
             | MacBook [0] (including some Intel ones at least on Monterey
             | - like my 15" from 2019) will do a transaural rendering
             | over the laptop speakers for Dolby Atmos content.
             | 
             | The tech needed to do that doesn't require fancy silicon,
             | though it does seem they restrict the headtracked binaural
             | (over headphones like AirPods Pro).[0]
             | 
             | Though you can plug any headphones in and, at least in
             | Apple Music, force it to do a binaural rendering (without
             | headtracking) on any headphones.
             | 
             | [0] https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT212182
        
           | matthew-wegner wrote:
           | On the M2 Air (and new design MBP), speakers bounce the sound
           | off the screen. I think if you were to remove the screen and
           | listen to those speakers in open air it'd sound quite odd.
           | 
           | Probably they're pre-distorting the sound so it's correct
           | only after bouncing off the screen, kind of like how VR
           | distorts the image to account for headset optics undoing that
           | distortion.
           | 
           | I had an M1 Air before the MBP release. The sound was good,
           | but the sound stage is eerily wide on the M1 MBP (and
           | presumably the M2 Air), compared to the normal side speakers.
        
             | lukas099 wrote:
             | Does the laptop have knowledge of the screen angle, or does
             | its calculations just assume an 'average' angle? Or does it
             | not matter too much (it seems like it would to me)?
        
       | singularity2001 wrote:
       | The speakers of the mac mini sounds absolutely horrendous!
        
       | Mizza wrote:
       | My Mac speakers sound like shit because running a loud filter
       | sweep in VCV Rack will break them and make them sound buzzy
       | forever.
        
         | bob1029 wrote:
         | This happened on my late 2013 MBP. I left some stupid YT video
         | playing for hours and I think the DSP engine finally tripped
         | and fell at some point.
        
         | viraptor wrote:
         | That sounds like something a warranty repair should cover.
        
           | krono wrote:
           | It's so frustrating even pursuing that with Apple for these
           | very common issues. They'll gaslight you with the friendliest
           | of words and nicest of smiles until you just give up and
           | bugger off for good.
        
       | creddit wrote:
       | Meta comment: the UI of mastodon is really bad.
        
         | thrdbndndn wrote:
         | Can't speak of other elements, but the color combination is
         | definitely burning my eyes.
        
         | nyadesu wrote:
         | I wouldn't say it's bad, it looks above average for an open
         | source project but definitely could use some improvements. What
         | I hate about it is that it's not plain-looking (like HN, which
         | has its own charm!) or very polished (like twitter, instagram,
         | yooutube)
        
       | golergka wrote:
       | > during the dubstep parts of the song, the snares sound nice and
       | crisp. At those points, the tweeters are probably putting out
       | 2-4x the amount of power they could handle without melting -
       | briefly. But then when the nasty clipped lead comes in, that
       | overloads them a lot more and the safety daemon clamps down on
       | the tweeter volume.
       | 
       | That's called compression.
        
         | capableweb wrote:
         | Or it's just a limiter.
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Limiter is merely a very fast brickwall compressor.
        
         | kkielhofner wrote:
         | I don't know of any other compressors/limiters that are
         | monitoring temperature sensors connected to each driver and
         | modifying the parameters of the compressor and amplifier in
         | real-time based on audio signal level and carefully calibrated
         | driver amplification and temp vs time.
         | 
         | All in a way that (to the casual listener) isn't noticed other
         | than "Wow this sounds really good for laptop speakers".
         | 
         | A picture is worth a thousands words and seeing temperature in
         | anything having to do with compression should jump out any
         | anyone familiar with these concepts as something
         | novel/interesting.
         | 
         | More here:
         | 
         | https://patents.google.com/patent/US20130329898
        
           | golergka wrote:
           | Well, it is an original implementation, but you have to
           | admit, it sounds pretty similar to optical compressor, just
           | with temperature sensors instead of photocells.
        
             | kkielhofner wrote:
             | I'm definitely not trying to argue the validity of the
             | patent, just saying that if you're trying to argue against
             | the (beyond broken) patent system there are far better
             | egregious examples of completely ridiculous patents that
             | have been granted.
        
               | golergka wrote:
               | Oh, please don't get me wrong -- I'm in awe of this
               | system and definitely think it's worth the patent! I just
               | pointing out that it is essentially the same overall
               | principle, but it doesn't make it any less awesome.
        
         | MrBuddyCasino wrote:
         | Tbf, there are varying levels in complexity, and it is near
         | impossible to limit in a way that is foolproof without severly
         | crippling volume.
        
         | jesprenj wrote:
         | Came here to say that. It's essential in every step of music
         | production and playback, but mostly available to end users
         | either on relatively expensive sound mixing stations in the
         | entertainment industry or under ambiguous names, like "enchance
         | sound" or "sound safety" for home usage.
        
       | thefz wrote:
       | IDK, it pales in comparison to any decent monitor speaker. Even
       | the cheapest.
       | 
       | Laptops unfortunately always sounds "from inside a cardboard
       | box".
        
         | newaccount74 wrote:
         | I disagree. The new 16" Macbook Pro design introduced in 2021
         | has fantastic speakers. They sound extremely good, and I'm not
         | sure I would hear the difference to my 3.5" studio monitors in
         | a blind test (assuming you volume match them).
         | 
         | I don't know how they are doing it, but listening to those
         | speakers seems unreal. I opened the Macbook to look at them,
         | the speakers look pretty big and they seem to have a long
         | resonance channel, and I think they are glued to the aluminium
         | chassis which appears sturdier than any previous Mac I've
         | opened.
         | 
         | They are optimized to sound best when you are sitting in front
         | of your laptop, and the volume is of course limited, but there
         | is nothing "cardboard box" like about the new Macbook Pro's
         | speakers.
        
           | oblak wrote:
           | > I disagree. The new 16" Macbook Pro design introduced in
           | 2021 has fantastic speakers. They sound extremely good, and
           | I'm not sure I would hear the difference to my 3.5" studio
           | monitors in a blind test (assuming you volume match them).
           | 
           | That's rather hyperbolic. I think superlatives such as
           | "fantastic" and "extremely good" should be reserved for stuff
           | that's truly exceptional. I have a 14 inch M1 MBP and yes,
           | the speakers are surprisingly good for what they are, but
           | comparing them to monitors tells me your love for this
           | product is clouding your judgement. Or that your hearing
           | isn't all that great.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | If you look at my post history you'll find comments
             | complaining about the shitty webcam and the poor software
             | quality. I just happen to think the speakers are one of the
             | best parts of this machine, and when someone compares them
             | to a "cardboard box" I felt like hyperbole was warranted.
             | 
             | I'm not sure if the 14" sounds the same, I've never heard
             | it.
             | 
             | Anyway, these speakers are the first laptop speakers where
             | I don't hear any obvious distortions. I haven't done any
             | listening tests, but subjectively these speakers feel
             | closer to monitors (at low volume) than to other laptop
             | speakers.
        
           | bob1029 wrote:
           | > I'm not sure I would hear the difference to my 3.5" studio
           | monitors in a blind test (assuming you volume match them).
           | 
           | I promise I could tell the difference if you are feeding the
           | same signal into both and it features anything < 100hz.
           | 
           | The MBP speakers are nearly impossibly good, but they are not
           | and never will be a match for dedicated studio monitors, pro
           | audio, home theater, or even DIY contraptions. There are
           | fundamental physical limits to how far this suspension of
           | disbelief can be taken. We are pretty much at the limits of
           | this trickery right now.
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | And they have slower chips and smaller screens than deaktops,
         | and lack ergonomics keyboards. Useless products.
        
         | tomashubelbauer wrote:
         | I think your experience might be outdated. My M1 Mac's screen
         | broke recently and I'm forced to use it with the lid closed and
         | an external screen until I get a replacement. I'm using the
         | cheapest external screen I can get because I don't like using
         | external screens and am just bridging the gap until I get a new
         | laptop. The monitor speakers are absolutely horrible, frankly I
         | don't understand why they even added them. If is some cheap
         | BenQ, not sure the exact model. The Mac speakers on the other
         | hand sound good even with the lid closed! They sound miles and
         | miles better than the external screen speakers to the point
         | where I use them over the screen ones.
        
           | thefz wrote:
           | Bought an M1 for my SO two years ago. You can tell she's
           | playing sound through it from another room, even the TV
           | built-in speakers sound better. I am not dissing Apple
           | devices in particular, but rather all laptops. With speakers
           | so small, there's only that much one can do.
           | 
           | But then again, criticizing Apple hardware is a downvote
           | bonanza every time, because Apple users need to feel like a
           | _particular demographic_.
        
             | supriyo-biswas wrote:
             | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
             | 
             | > _Please don 't fulminate. Please don't sneer, including
             | at the rest of the community._
             | 
             | > _When disagreeing, please reply to the argument instead
             | of calling names._
        
             | cassianoleal wrote:
             | Perhaps you're being downvoted because saying "tiny laptop
             | speakers worse than big, expensive, dedicated studio
             | monitor speakers" doesn't add anything to the discussion?
             | 
             | Any 14"+ Apple laptop since 2019 sounds _much_ better than
             | any other laptop that 's ever been in the market. The 2019
             | 15" and all 16" models even more so.
             | 
             | They're so good that before covid we stopped using the
             | Jabras at the office for confs and started using the
             | laptops.
             | 
             | They're good enough for lightweight music playing and even
             | watching some TV.
             | 
             | No, they don't compare to monitor speakers. No, they don't
             | compare to my 7.1.4 surround system. No, they don't compare
             | to any decent room-sized stereo or surround setup. They are
             | still pretty great.
        
               | itsoktocry wrote:
               | > _They 're good enough for lightweight music playing and
               | even watching some TV._
               | 
               | This is such a low bar.
               | 
               | I have a 2019 16" MBP. The speakers are good _for a
               | laptop_. That 's it. I'm connecting the headphones or
               | external speakers for any listening requirement. A $30
               | pair of Logitechs destroys the built-in speakers.
               | 
               | > _No, they don 't compare to my 7.1.4 surround system._
               | 
               | I'm having trouble reconciling the number of people in
               | the thread who will do things like implement an entire
               | Atmos home theatre setup (which is awesome, but in a lot
               | of ways _excessive_ ), and yet are saying "MBP speakers
               | are all you need!"
        
               | cassianoleal wrote:
               | I'm trying to understand which of these is true:
               | 
               | - You can't interpret text; or
               | 
               | - You just don't like anyone who has anything good to say
               | about Apple or their products; or
               | 
               | - You're just not very smart at all.
               | 
               | > This is such a low bar.
               | 
               | Low bar for what?
               | 
               | > The speakers are good for a laptop.
               | 
               | We're talking about laptops. That's the whole point!
               | 
               | > I'm having trouble reconciling the number of people in
               | the thread who will do things like (...) and yet are
               | saying "MBP speakers are all you need!"
               | 
               | Who's doing that?
        
             | vardump wrote:
             | M1 air, 13, 14 or 16 inch?
        
           | sarabob wrote:
           | Studio monitor speaker (speaker for monitoring what you're
           | creating, eg https://www.musicradar.com/news/the-best-studio-
           | monitors-and...), not speaker-in-a-monitor
        
             | tomashubelbauer wrote:
             | Oooooh, whoosh. Sorry! Yeah in that comparison of course
             | laptop speakers pale in comparison. My girlfriend has a
             | home studio and I wouldn't dream of comparing the sound of
             | her monitors to my laptop speakers. But I wouldn't expect
             | them to be comparable. In the context of the post talking
             | about laptop speakers I think you're better off using the
             | built in M1 speakers over almost any other kind of a built
             | in speakers like a TV or external monitor speaker or a
             | cheap set of external speakers not meant for audio
             | production.
        
           | branko_d wrote:
           | There is a difference between "monitor speaker" and "speaker
           | built-into the monitor". The parent might have had the former
           | in mind.
           | 
           | From https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Studio_monitor:
           | 
           |  _Among audio engineers, the term monitor implies that the
           | speaker is designed to produce relatively flat (linear) phase
           | and frequency responses._
        
             | tomashubelbauer wrote:
             | Yep I misunderstood their comment completely. I think
             | you're right and that's what they had in mind. In which
             | case they're right but I think are making a comparison that
             | is not exactly useful.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | fnord123 wrote:
       | This is curious reading since my Intel MacBook speakers crackled
       | all the time as it grounded through me.
        
         | esperent wrote:
         | Before anyone jumps in to say the issue is grounding and that
         | it's your fault for having bad wiring: ground wires are not
         | installed by default in all countries.
         | 
         | If you live in one of these countries, in rented accomodation,
         | there's not much you can do about this.
         | 
         | And yet, most electronics are fine. It seems like MacBooks are
         | some of the worst though, giving you shocks and crackling
         | audio.
        
           | eastbound wrote:
           | No grounding on Mac adapters by default, they're only 2-pin.
           | The 3-pin is available separately.
        
             | hoschicz wrote:
             | Oh so this is why I feel a slight tingling every time I
             | touch my Mac while it's charging! I was looking for this
             | info for quite some time, thanks
        
         | cassianoleal wrote:
         | That sounds like a QC issue. Have you sent it in for repairs?
        
           | Lalabadie wrote:
           | Intel MBPs are notorious for this longstanding issue. You can
           | get multiple hardware swaps from Apple and will probably find
           | no improvement.
           | 
           | My layman understanding is that it stems from an issue in
           | voltage management, both on the power rail itself and on the
           | software side.
           | 
           | Certain types of CPU load trigger heavy crackling and popping
           | in the speakers. Having the iOS simulator open makes it
           | particularly egregious in my case.
           | 
           | Add to this that the two prong power bricks mean the chassis
           | grounds through your hands in (worse in low humidity), and in
           | the right building it's a lot of worrying symptoms all at
           | once.
        
             | kalleboo wrote:
             | The only time I've ever had the problem, across Intel and
             | M1 Pro Macs, is with the iOS Simulator open, so I assumed
             | it was an OS mixing bug related to some magic the simulator
             | does
        
       | eimrine wrote:
       | The article gives an answer to "louder" question but not "better"
       | one.
       | 
       | As far as I have understood the screen after the text, Mac
       | speakers are not 1-way but at least 2-way (every channel contains
       | a speaker for bass and a speaker for higher frequences). That is
       | the answer about quality of sound, there are no speakers which
       | can play both highs and lows in nice quality.
        
       | harby2000 wrote:
       | I'm always amazed how big the soundstage is on a MacBook Air.
       | Sometimes in certain content I hear things coming from left and
       | right of me, as if it's surround sound.
        
       | 2636381321 wrote:
       | I wonder if malware could bypass the speaker safety daemon and
       | potentially damage hardware or even start a fire? Looks like
       | Apple is relying too much on TrustZone and Secure Boot to prevent
       | physical hardware damage?
       | 
       | Also, Apple can now say that jailbreaking the devices could
       | present a physical safety issue. So one more reason for making
       | jailbreaking illegal?
        
         | seba_dos1 wrote:
         | There are and always have been lots of ways for malware to
         | damage hardware.
        
         | Dalewyn wrote:
         | "Modification can lead to danger." has been an excuse used
         | against end-user modification for as long as the concept of
         | legal liability has existed.
         | 
         | It's why most things have "warranty void if removed" stickers
         | and warnings against messing around all over the place. Once
         | anything is intentionally moved out of spec, the manufacturer
         | wants nothing to do with it (and rightfully so).
        
       | bluedino wrote:
       | This becomes apparent when people join calls with others who are
       | using MacBooks and iPads. Why does everyone else sound better?
       | Why is my company-issued Dell/HP laptop equipped with terrible
       | speakers and microphone?
       | 
       | This can be fixed by giving them a headset.
       | 
       | It sounds dumb but one thing that keeps me from dropping my Mac
       | for a Lenovo 100% is the speaker quality. It's nice enough to
       | play music at a moderate level on my desk while I work on my
       | corporate machine.
       | 
       | This could probably be fixed by buying an external speaker but...
        
         | hgsgm wrote:
         | Until you plug in an external monitor and the MacBook Pro
         | overheats and fans up so you have to close the lid which
         | muffles the mic.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | klausa wrote:
           | Sidenote: on recent(those with T2 and newer, so ~2018)
           | laptops this doesn't merely "muffle" the mic, there's a
           | physical hardware disconnect happening with the lid closed
           | [1].
           | 
           | [1]: https://support.apple.com/guide/security/hardware-
           | microphone...
        
           | avalys wrote:
           | This hasn't happened since Apple ditched x86 processors.
        
           | ericpauley wrote:
           | What year is this? I have not heard of these issues
           | substantially affecting any modern ARM Mac.
        
         | lostlogin wrote:
         | To go the whole distance the wrong way, you could make nearly
         | all of it external.
         | 
         | All the peripherals, wifi and Bluetooth on a USB dock, and run
         | the monitor off a thunderbolt GPU. Think you'd then just be
         | using the two ports and the CPU. The ultra non-portable laptop.
        
       | brundolf wrote:
       | Love this PS:
       | 
       | > This post brought to you by gdb and grep -a, because after
       | typing all that out as a quote toot and deciding that nah, I
       | wanted it standalone, I clicked the "x" next to the quote box
       | (which implies removing the quote association) and that didn't
       | just cancel the quote, it deleted all the text.
       | 
       | > So I attached gdb to the Firefox content process hosting this
       | tab, took a core dump, and grepped it for the lost text. I wasn't
       | about to write all that again from scratch.
        
         | 650 wrote:
         | Anywhere to learn more about doing this kind of stuff?
        
           | worldsavior wrote:
           | Experience.
        
           | pitched wrote:
           | For a quick starting point, try gcore[1]. Open the file it
           | pops out into your favourite editor and hope that search
           | works.
           | 
           | For gentler introduction, look for CTF sites. The one that
           | gets recommended most is tryhackme.com. There are a bunch of
           | great ones though.
           | 
           | 1 - https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man1/gcore.1.html
        
       | jasoneckert wrote:
       | A month ago, Hector did an amazing talk on Asahi that was
       | essentially was a talk on "What it takes to make an open source
       | project work": community, tooling, considering users
       | (https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=COlvP4hODpY).
       | 
       | And one of the examples he gave regarding "considering users" was
       | why they chose to disable speaker support until they could ensure
       | user safety, as well as ensure a quality sound experience.
       | 
       | When discussing open source projects and communities in academia,
       | we often try to categorize every aspect, as well as focus on
       | projects that failed and why. I try to do the opposite and
       | instead focus on what worked and why - and the Asahi project is a
       | stellar example of how to do an open source project well on every
       | level.
        
       | retskrad wrote:
       | I keep trying out Android phones and Windows laptops but the
       | hardware are always inferior to Apple products. The competition
       | has caught up and even surpassed Apple in Software but Apple has
       | a big lead in chips, speakers, build quality.
        
         | jeroenhd wrote:
         | Only in laptop speakers do I think Apple is the very best. I'm
         | sure their audio company acquisition helped them with that, I
         | don't think any other laptop manufacturers have gone out of
         | their way to buy audio companies just for their laptops.
         | Apple's trackpad is also pretty good, but I prefer Lenovo's
         | myself.
         | 
         | Better hardware exists in every range (cheaper, faster, less
         | power hungry), but Apple manages to put a lot of good stuff
         | together. You can beat the M2 in CPU performance for less money
         | but your battery won't last as long, you can beat the screen
         | quality if you pay extra for the better screen, you can buy a
         | usable GPU with your laptop if you want to play games but don't
         | get the machine learning boost, there are so many deliberations
         | to be made.
        
           | kitsunesoba wrote:
           | Yeah, shopping for non-Apple laptops is basically a big game
           | of "choose your caveats". That's fine if you only need one
           | particular quality of the laptop in question to be good, but
           | I think most people are best served by well-roundedness.
           | 
           | Your chances at getting something somewhat well rounded
           | improve if you get up into MacBook price ranges, but even in
           | that range there are a lot of machines with weirdly
           | lackluster aspects.
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Laptop manufacturers are absolutely terrible in this
             | aspect. They flood the market with confusing models so they
             | can push expensive, overpriced models around and keep
             | minimal stock so sales are often at full price.
             | 
             | If you need a good laptop, you need to look towards the
             | professional line. Not too professional ("workstation"
             | laptops) but also not too amateurish (the cheaper laptops
             | seemingly aimed at small business).
             | 
             | Thinkpad and similar product lines often deliver excellent
             | value, especially in bulk, as long as you don't go for
             | their bottom-of-the-barrel configurations.
        
           | brookst wrote:
           | Curious what beats the M2 CPU for a lower price?
        
             | jeroenhd wrote:
             | Many Intel laptops beat the M2 in pure CPU performance for
             | several hundred euros less, in some models for almost half
             | the price. The i7 12650H drains your battery much faster
             | (and hotter) but beats the M2 in most real world
             | applications. You also get other benefits (like easily
             | upgradeable and cheaper RAM) for heavy workloads that make
             | the price difference even greater.
             | 
             | Sadly, AMD has fallen behind Intel again, but their chips
             | often pose just as good a performance-per-euro advantage.
        
         | traveler01 wrote:
         | Curious to know, which competition caught up Apple on software?
        
           | newaccount74 wrote:
           | I think it's more that Apple has dropped down to normal
           | reliability levels. With Apple's focus on shipping a new OS
           | every year no matter what, they have started shipping broken
           | features by default, and you just have to hope they get
           | around to fix the bugs next year.
        
             | lostlogin wrote:
             | Mountain Lion please, 3 years in a row.
             | 
             | My new battle is that Apple Mail search just stops working.
             | Quitting and reopening doesn't do anything. When it works,
             | it's almost like crafting the ultimate regex at times.
        
       | blackhaz wrote:
       | I still don't get it why, because they drive them past the
       | nominal volume limit?
       | 
       | MacBooks definitely sound much better than anything else I've
       | tried. Just bought a new ThinkPad P14s and despite featuring the
       | Dolby logo, speakers there are just unusable - I can barely
       | understand words in YouTube videos sometimes, and it's not
       | related to volume. (Still using T430 for bedtime YouTube.)
        
         | bayindirh wrote:
         | Because they both build tuned and big enclosures into their
         | speaker assemblies, and also use the whole body of the device
         | as an acoustic chamber. That's why.
        
         | Spooky23 wrote:
         | MacBooks have margin so there is room for engineering time.
         | 
         | Also, companies like Lenovo care about their primary customer -
         | enterprise. Apple designs for the end user first.
        
           | lostlogin wrote:
           | Is there anything that's made better for the enterprise
           | market?
           | 
           | Network switches and wifi access points come to mind, and
           | that's it?
        
             | Spooky23 wrote:
             | Lwkl summed it up well. A great example is an HP z laptop -
             | good build quality, sort of the equivalent to an old T
             | series thinkpad.
             | 
             | With two Phillips screwdrivers, you can disassemble and
             | replace most parts within 15m.
             | 
             | When I did this work, the other key thing was OEMs would
             | guarantee image/driver compatibility for 4 years. I don't
             | think they do that anymore, but the hardware is very stable
             | - consumer PC hardware will often have variance based on
             | cost and supply chain.
             | 
             | Enterprise doesn't want surprises and cares about total
             | cost. So keeping it boring and predictable rules the day.
             | Depending on scale, repairs are important because at some
             | point it's much cheaper pay for service by the drink vs
             | warranty.
        
               | lostlogin wrote:
               | > A great example is an HP z laptop - good build quality,
               | sort of the equivalent to an old T series thinkpad.
               | 
               | Last year I abandoned a low spec z laptop day one of
               | getting given it at work. The trackpad alone was so poor
               | that the laptop wasn't usable without a mouse. I am a
               | longtime Mac user but I don't think I was being snobby or
               | difficult.
               | 
               | I use a MacBook and have windows in a VM when needed.
        
               | Spooky23 wrote:
               | That's a great point. I'm always baffled by touchpads...
               | does apple have some secret formula? Their touchpads are
               | consistently excellent.
               | 
               | Other vendors vary dramatically, even between models.
        
               | theshrike79 wrote:
               | It's the magic sauce of software and hardware
               | integration. Also the hardware is just bonkers.
               | 
               | I thought for the longest time that the whole trackpad
               | clicked when you pressed down on it. Nope, it's just a
               | taptic engine hidden in there. If you turn off the haptic
               | click, it's just a flat pane of glass.
               | 
               | Then there's the palm detection, I've used Macbooks for
               | almost a decade for work and I can't remember when was
               | the last time I had a misclick on the trackpad when I was
               | typing. I did have a ton of issues with Dell and Lenovo
               | laptops. On Lenovos I just used the red nub and disabled
               | the touchpad from BIOS =)
        
             | lwkl wrote:
             | Laptops for the enterprise markets are better for the
             | enterprise market.
             | 
             | They are often relatively easy to repair (at least for the
             | most common repairs). They offer 5 years and longer
             | warranty contracts with on-site repairs. They offer driver
             | and software package for automated deployments and more.
             | 
             | Most of these things are not important for the consumer
             | market but very important for the enterprise market. There
             | isn't a product that is the perfect fit for all markets.
        
         | scrlk wrote:
         | Are you using Windows or Linux on your P14s? Lenovo relies a
         | lot on software processing to make ThinkPad speakers sound
         | reasonable; without the drivers + configuration UI installed,
         | they sound tinny and horrible.
         | 
         | On Windows, the EQ settings can be tweaked if you have the
         | Lenovo audio drivers installed along with the "Dolby Access"
         | UWP app.
         | 
         | Not sure if something equivalent exists on Linux.
        
           | blackhaz wrote:
           | Actually, FreeBSD. This makes sense. :-D
        
         | odiroot wrote:
         | I don't think this is always the case. My old T460p had crappy
         | speakers that were facing downwards (leveraging flat surfaces).
         | My newer T14 G1 and X1C G9 have great speakers. I usually have
         | them at ~55%, never more than 75%.
         | 
         | In the end, these are just laptop speakers. I wouldn't listen
         | to music on them anyway.
        
         | sarabob wrote:
         | It's because "volume limit" is fuzzy. It's more like cpu turbo
         | boost - if you put a lot of frequency energy into the speakers
         | they will overheat, but not instantly. Most vendors just say
         | "In worst case (square wave) you can shove 2W continuous energy
         | into the speakers and they'll probably be ok", but this is
         | saying "you can spike more energy into the tweeters/woofers for
         | a short time, but they'll heat up. Make sure they don't go over
         | 140C. Oh, and by the way, my woofers and tweeters have these
         | gains, so you can balance them properly rather than just
         | guessing"
         | 
         | If you look at Marcan's video stream you can see how the system
         | watches the temperatures of the coils
         | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TjuYJjkGhRo&t=22214s
        
         | pjc50 wrote:
         | > why, because they drive them past the nominal volume limit?
         | 
         | Yes. For almost everyone almost all of the time, louder=better
         | (until you get clipping or you hit uncomfortable levels of dB
         | at the ear). In this case, there's a safety system that
         | prevents the speakers overheating and self-destructing, which
         | allows them to be louder most of the time.
        
       | kilianinbox wrote:
       | Actually, I did indeed blow out the left speaker on my back then
       | new MacBook Pro late 2016 - no tweaks to the hardware or
       | software. It happened while I was experimenting with Ableton and
       | the synth operator. I think I held a pure sine tone at either
       | 66.6 Hz or 82.222222 Hz for an extended period at near-maximum
       | volume, possibly with some frequency modulation. Sadly, the
       | speaker became permanently distorted as an aftermath of that
       | little mishap.
        
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