[HN Gopher] It's time for Alphabet to spin off YouTube?
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       It's time for Alphabet to spin off YouTube?
        
       Author : alexcos
       Score  : 223 points
       Date   : 2023-02-24 10:58 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.economist.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.economist.com)
        
       | ARandomerDude wrote:
       | > It [YouTube] is an advertising juggernaut to boot.
       | 
       | > Messrs Page and Brin control more than half of Alphabet's
       | voting rights, and would not like to be the first titans of tech
       | to start selling off the family silver.
       | 
       | Many commenters here have correctly pointed out that the business
       | case presented in the article makes approximately zero sense.
       | That's because the article is actually an antitrust argument
       | disguised as a business analysis.
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | I'm pretty satisfied with YouTube as a viewer other than Firefox
       | on Linux can always decode the ads, but not always the actual
       | content (many other sites have this issue as well).
       | 
       | There's so much great content on YT for just about anything.
       | Gardening, mechanics, computers, games, sports, you name it. It's
       | all there.
       | 
       | Most other platforms are quite vapid. I suppose that's fine for
       | the drooling masses, but I'm a quality of quantity person.
        
       | whalesalad wrote:
       | judging by the way 9 times out of 10 the callback url for a
       | google oauth login is to a youtube domain, i'm going to
       | sarcastically assume that this is architecturally impossible
        
         | jonas-w wrote:
         | Where does this number come from? Is this just a made up
         | number, or is this a real statistic?
        
           | whalesalad wrote:
           | in my personal experience this happens to me most of the
           | time, but not all the time.
        
       | zpeti wrote:
       | This would be the worst time to spin it off. Tiktok is a threat
       | but seems slightly subdued, things might take off for YouTube
       | again.
       | 
       | On ads ATT has depressed revenue a lot but apples recent updates
       | will mean better tracking soon and revenue will recover.
       | 
       | Everything is pointing up for YouTube (and meta), this is the
       | worst time for a change in ownedhip structure. You should do that
       | at the top not the bottom.
        
         | thewarrior wrote:
         | What are these recent ATT updates ? Does Meta also benefit ?
        
           | zpeti wrote:
           | They're releasing much more data to advertisers, meaning
           | targeting on FB and Meta will considerably improve in the
           | next few months. Which will improve performance for everyone.
        
       | dghughes wrote:
       | YouTube has become horrible experience practically unwatchable
       | unless you pay for the monthly Premium service. And this is
       | coming from me a person who grew up watching TV stuffed with ads.
       | I can't imagine with young people who never watched TV think of
       | bare non-premium YouTube.
       | 
       | Non-premium YouTube is just an ad machine that happens to show
       | some video content between ads. It used to be the opposite of
       | that.
        
         | crazygringo wrote:
         | I don't know what you mean.
         | 
         | If I watch a 9-minute clip, I get 2 ads at the top but can skip
         | them after the first 5 seconds of the first ad. And then
         | there's often a 15-second unskippable commercial in the middle.
         | So about 4% ads. Sometimes there's a single first unskippable
         | 15-second ad instead, so about 5% ads. (And the ratio seems
         | _roughly_ the same with shorter videos, as they don 't have the
         | ad in the middle and sometimes skip the intro ad altogether
         | when watched in succession.)
         | 
         | While network TV is 8 minutes of ads in a 30 min slot, or 27%
         | ads. So about 5x as much ad time.
         | 
         | If YouTube started implementing _unskippable_ ad segments that
         | were _multiple minutes long_ then there would be a comparison.
         | But in my experience, YouTube is miles better than network TV
         | ever has been in our lifetimes.
        
           | Y_Y wrote:
           | That 27% rate would be illegally high in most countries. Not
           | to mention the many places which have high-quality public
           | broadcasters with few or no ads.
           | 
           | That said network TV isn't necessarily a great comparison.
           | For me I'm most likely to compare with YouTube of the past,
           | very similar content, but no ads. Or YouTube with adblock or
           | third-party android apps.
        
             | crazygringo wrote:
             | Well the parent commenter was talking about network TV (and
             | basic cable isn't any different) and YouTube is an American
             | company.
             | 
             | So that's great if 27% ad time is illegal in some other
             | countries, but I guess they either make it up with
             | mandatory fees (like in the UK) or have lower budget
             | programming.
        
         | pb7 wrote:
         | So pay for premium then. It costs a lot of money to run, why do
         | you feel entitled to get it for free with nothing monetizing
         | it?
        
       | marban wrote:
       | Start with spinning off Shorts into a separate tab and I'm happy.
        
       | mattpallissard wrote:
       | > I always assumed YouTube's technical foundations were
       | significantly subsidized by the mothership, but I have no data to
       | base that on
       | 
       | I'd venture to guess that YouTube provided more value than just
       | their customer base. I often wonder how much of their tech stack
       | made it into the larger Google org.
       | 
       | Example; for the longest time when you'd log into gsuite via a
       | SAML IdP you'd notice a youtube url in the login flow.
        
         | hn_go_brrrrr wrote:
         | > I often wonder how much of their tech stack made it into the
         | larger Google org.
         | 
         | Very little, though that may be changing. Most of YouTube was
         | written in Python, which is essentially unknown for a
         | production system at Google.
         | 
         | > Example; for the longest time when you'd log into gsuite via
         | a SAML IdP you'd notice a youtube url in the login flow.
         | 
         | This was just to set the YouTube "logged in" cookie.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | What percentage can the investment bank handling the spin-out
       | expect to skim while simultaneously talking up the share price of
       | both Google and the spin-out? (Rubs hands vigorously).
        
       | jl6 wrote:
       | I always assumed YouTube's technical foundations were
       | significantly subsidized by the mothership, but I have no data to
       | base that on other than looking at the $29bn/year revenue figure
       | and wondering whether that amount of money would be enough to
       | provision the amount of compute, storage and bandwidth that
       | YouTube needs, plus all other expenses (including revenue sharing
       | with uploaders). Yes, $29bn is a lot of money, but there is a
       | _lot_ of YouTube.
        
         | nerdjon wrote:
         | This was my first thought as well.
         | 
         | Is YouTube viable as its own company at the scale it operates?
         | I have to imagine the infrastructure costs for YouTube would be
         | extremely high and would likely cause YouTube to downgrade
         | quality or try even harder to put a subscription behind even
         | 1080.
         | 
         | Now obviously contacts can be signed and I highly doubt they
         | would be paying normal prices in any cloud environment given
         | this hypothetical situation. But it wouldn't be the same as it
         | would be now.
        
           | chrisfinazzo wrote:
           | Yep.
           | 
           | Does YT need Google's backing in order to survive because
           | they don't have the resources strictly in-house to build and
           | pay for infrastructure?
           | 
           |  _Disclaimer: Not an Economist, not even close._
           | 
           | If in the unlikely case they spun it off and another
           | competitor emerged, would YT's scale make it hard to compete
           | with this new entrant? _Read: Red tape, bureaucracy, etc,
           | etc._
           | 
           | Essentially back to where they were as an independent company
           | when they didn't have Google to "protect" them...
           | 
           | The inverse case is what usually comes to mind first though:
           | 
           | Would the company wither and die if not for an acquisition?
           | Think about Sprint+TMobile. Until the deal, Sprint was in bad
           | shape, second to Verizon with outdated tech - in the sense
           | that emerging technologies were based more off of an
           | evolution of GSM than CDMA.
           | 
           | If TMo doesn't acquire them, Sprint probably goes "poof" and
           | their customers flee to the remaining carriers, further
           | entrenching their positions.
           | 
           | This seems like it is usually the card European regulators
           | tend to play, worrying more about market dynamics and how
           | that will affect costs rather than just what people pay for
           | service.
        
         | recuter wrote:
         | And yet up until a couple years ago at least Netflix served a
         | higher percentage of web traffic. Don't know about now, maybe
         | that changed.
         | 
         | There is only so many hours in the day and so many eyeballs
         | watching, that is your upper bound. Bandwidth like that is not
         | available to mere mortals, you would have to colocate with a
         | lot of ISPs all over the place. Would take years to setup, not
         | really even a question of money.
         | 
         | In the case of Netflix their content library fits inside one
         | such colocated server, which can (or pretty soon will) do
         | 1tb/s. Hundreds of thousands of streams per box are within
         | reach, especially at YouTube potato resolutions.
         | 
         | In the case of Youtube while the long tail is very very long, I
         | bet the most popular content of the week would fit into a
         | similar sort of server.
         | 
         | So the serving portion at least is an endeavor on the order of
         | magnitude of say 1 billion dollars a year.
         | 
         | No idea how to estimate letting anybody upload unlimited
         | amounts of video of unlimited length and transcoding it into a
         | dozen sizes. I think they did that early on to solidify their
         | moat and it seems like a huge waste.
        
         | Aromasin wrote:
         | From what I'm aware, a lot of these larger companies basically
         | treat other parts of the business the same they would
         | customers; very important customers, but customers all the
         | same. If YouTube wants more cloud budget, it comes out of their
         | budget and goes into revenues of the Cloud business unit. Not
         | quite that simplistic of course, but in essence it's meant to
         | drive competitiveness. No special privilege's just because
         | you're part of the same team. If an external company is paying
         | more, for more compute, the business goes to them.
        
           | curiousllama wrote:
           | That stuff still comes with special privileges.
           | 
           | E.g., yes they'll "pay" for compute, but they'll do so at
           | cost. And they're also allowed to deploy a monitoring widgets
           | to other orgs' data centers to find when they're at low
           | utilization, and then argue "at cost" is actually near 0,
           | because the compute resources were just sitting around
           | anyway. And then have the search team agree because YouTube
           | promises to build the new data API search has been asking for
           | forever.
           | 
           | If you ultimately report earnings on the same P&L, USD is
           | just monopoly money you trade around to get things done.
        
           | bpodgursky wrote:
           | Yeah I think this is generally true, although YouTube is a
           | weird case because there's literally no equivalent customer
           | with even a fraction of the compute volume.
        
         | kevincox wrote:
         | When I worked at Google I definitely noticed that YouTube was
         | great at (ab)using untracked or very cheap resources. They
         | definitely get huge benifits of otherwise idle data centers in
         | sleeping regions. As the regular service traffic died off
         | YouTube would put those idle cores to work transcoding video.
         | 
         | It is definitely the case that YouTube gets lots of really
         | cheap compute by being part of Google. But that isn't a bad
         | thing, they are making use of an otherwise wasted resource,
         | effectively lowering the cost for products that need daytime
         | capacity to serve humans.
        
           | KMag wrote:
           | But separating YouTube and GCP into separate companies would
           | presumably cause GCP to expose pricing / scheduling modes
           | that would enable more compute to take advantage of regional
           | downtimes. I'm sure there's plenty of ML training jobs that
           | are just aching for regionally idle compute time.
        
           | BooneJS wrote:
           | "In our case, we developed a custom chip to transcode video,
           | as well as software to coordinate these chips. And we put it
           | all together to form our transcoding special brain - the
           | Video (trans)Coding Unit (VCU). We've seen up to 20-33x
           | improvements in compute efficiency compared to our previous
           | optimized system, which was running software on traditional
           | servers."
           | 
           | https://blog.youtube/inside-youtube/new-era-video-
           | infrastruc...
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | If I had to guess these are used for urgent video
             | transcodes. New uploads to popular channels and on-demand
             | transcoding. I suspect that CPUs are still often used for
             | background batch encoding. But maybe 20x is enough that the
             | power cost of extra CPU usage isn't worth it and they will
             | do it all in hardware.
        
           | pradn wrote:
           | Why would YouTube not get Borg charge-backs? YouTube does pay
           | for the infra it uses. And it's likely much cheaper than it
           | would be if it were an independent company with its own data
           | centers.
        
           | fisf wrote:
           | You are basically making the case for the anti-trust case
           | here. i.e. it is very hard for another company to compete
           | without "free compute".
        
             | cma wrote:
             | Antitrust isn't supposed to tamp down on those kind of
             | efficiencies. Google offers the idle time on the market as
             | well with spot instances, so they pay an opportunity cost.
        
             | morpheuskafka wrote:
             | Actually he is making the counterargument to anti-trust,
             | which is that integration increases efficiency and total
             | surplus.
        
               | sScTE9qEMCxEk34 wrote:
               | 90% of the "efficiency" and "surplus" is the fact that no
               | one can effectively compete.
               | 
               | Which is why it's anti-competitive.
        
             | jldugger wrote:
             | What OP basically described is use case for cloud computing
             | and spot markets. Even if only internally.
             | 
             | While it could be made open, I don't see any regulatory
             | reason to. We want companies to reduce waste, and it
             | doesn't make sense to require all companies to build public
             | facing cloud, and integrate their flagships into it, just
             | to open it up to their competitors. It would be like
             | telling Apple that its factories reusing scrap aluminum to
             | make iPhone cases is an unfair competitive practice.
        
             | detourdog wrote:
             | I bet an individual with a static IP could make more money
             | self-publishing than using youtube. I see federation and
             | countless other things that compete with youtube. Access to
             | "free" compute time. Any "free" compute time is likely to
             | be transient and nothing to build a business on.
        
             | scarface_74 wrote:
             | That's not how anti-trust works.
             | 
             | Are you really saying that no company should be able to
             | create a new product based on resources it already has?
             | 
             | Why stop at compute? Why not make it an "anti-trust" case
             | that Apple leverages its same operating system and chip
             | design across multiple devices? Or Amazon uses its same
             | logistics network to deliver more than just books?
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | This is big business pretending to be small to distract
               | attention from market dominance, and pretending to be
               | creative to distract attention from a strategy of
               | acquisition rather than origination.
               | 
               | Your argument is valid, but scale matters. Think of a
               | game of _Monopoly_ ; you can usually tell who's going to
               | win well before the game concludes, and you can guess
               | which players will lose well before that.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And if Google hadn't acquired YouTube it wouldn't exist
               | today. It would have either been sued out of existence or
               | the infrastructure costs wouldn't be sustainable.
               | 
               | But let's not pretend that the little guy wants to go
               | public. If they do, they are naive. Out of all of the
               | companies, that YC has invested in, maybe 5 have actually
               | gone public. Every startup knows the game is to get
               | acquired.
               | 
               | The fact is that some things need scale to succeed.
               | OpenAI for instance was never going to be able to afford
               | the compute it needed without being subsidized by MS.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | But how did YouTube get founded in the first place, and
               | become successful as a video-sharing platform for
               | original content? Or how did Google come to exist, when
               | the market was dominated by (then-) huge firms like
               | Yahoo, Lycos, and Altavista?
               | 
               | Both companies had a first mover advantage by deploying a
               | more scale _able_ technical innovation in a somewhat
               | stealthy way. OpenAI is subsidized as you say, but
               | StabilityAI promptly ate their lunch int he image
               | production field and is hoping to do the same with LLMs.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | > But how did YouTube get founded in the first place, and
               | become successful as a video-sharing platform for
               | original content
               | 
               | A "successful" business makes more than it spends so it
               | can be an ongoing concern. Any company can sell a lot of
               | dollars for 95 cents. Youtube was never a "successful"
               | business with a meaningful revenue stream before being
               | acquired by Google.
               | 
               | > Or how did Google come to exist, when the market was
               | dominated by (then-) huge firms like Yahoo, Lycos, and
               | Altavista?
               | 
               | You realize you're arguing against the need for
               | government regulation. This is the market working as it
               | should. But Google became a success initially because
               | Yahoo used it as their "search engine". Google initially
               | offered to be bought up by Yahoo and Yahoo balked at the
               | price. Google wasn't trying to go it alone.
        
               | anigbrowl wrote:
               | Youtube got acquired before they monetized, but it was
               | obvious that they would eventually do something like
               | that. Running at a loss to gain market dominance with a
               | distinctly different kind of service is not 'selling
               | dollars for 95 cents'.
               | 
               |  _You realize you 're arguing against the need for
               | government regulation._
               | 
               | I'm looking at some gaps in your logic when you assert
               | that anyone who ever wants to go public is naive; when
               | Excite (not Yahoo) declined Google's $1m buyout ask, they
               | were already running as a public service under their own
               | brand and had a plan for text ad sales in place.
               | Certainly it was worth trying to develop a technology
               | product followed by an acquisition before the more
               | challenging (but perhaps less interesting) business of
               | raising capital directly, but there was a widespread view
               | at the time (among both tech and VC people) that their
               | product was good enough for them to go all the way.
               | 
               | I'm not trying to debate the need for government
               | regulation and don't know why you think this is some sort
               | of 'gotcha'.
        
             | sclarisse wrote:
             | Eh. Using spare CPU capacity is not really anticompetitive
             | behavior. That's just an efficient enterprise. Something
             | like Google favoring YouTube in search and suppressing
             | their competitors would be actual anticompetitive behavior.
        
             | MichaelZuo wrote:
             | But it's not like there will be a free competitor in any
             | case? The closest might be peertube but that's nowhere near
             | as reliable.
             | 
             | Vimeo is paid. None of the other big companies seem willing
             | to subsidize an online video service to the tune of tens of
             | billions per annum.
        
               | pwinnski wrote:
               | Which, again, makes the anti-trust case stronger. The
               | case being: Google leverages one of their businesses
               | (providing compute) to build an anti-competitive moat
               | around another of their businesses (youtube), and it's so
               | effective that they have driven all competitors out of
               | the market.
               | 
               | By nearly any standard, Google's control of YouTube
               | should be a prime anti-trust target.
        
               | UncleEntity wrote:
               | Being a monopoly isn't illegal, abusing your monopoly is.
               | 
               | And how does "providing compute" even matter, YouTube is
               | just using google servers like every other google
               | service. Not like they're getting something for free
               | because they're part of the same company.
        
               | meragrin_ wrote:
               | > Google leverages one of their businesses (providing
               | compute) to build an anti-competitive moat around another
               | of their businesses (youtube),
               | 
               | You speak as if providing compute is their primary
               | business. Youtube, existed long before their compute.
               | They already had all their own compute. They only got
               | into providing compute because they figured they could
               | beat AWS with their own infrastructure.
        
             | waboremo wrote:
             | Anti-trust wouldn't apply here because there is very little
             | stopping someone from creating a video hosting company and
             | doing fine. Plenty of alternatives exist as well here,
             | Tiktok, Vimeo, Twitch, Patreon all to varying degrees of
             | scale.
             | 
             | Where I would try to nail Google/Youtube for with anti-
             | trust is the merging of Music and TV/Movies into Youtube as
             | well as the reliance of Google ads on Youtube. Both of
             | those are incredibly annoying to deal with as a competitor
             | and give Google the ability to corner the market on
             | multiple fronts. Roku has highlighted this themselves,
             | Google leveraging Youtube to make brand deals that other
             | competitors cannot.
        
             | himinlomax wrote:
             | Anti-trust legislation is not meant to stop economies of
             | scale, it's meant to curb monopolistic practices.
        
             | judge2020 wrote:
             | No, they're making the case for them being a monopoly.
             | Unless Google is preventing others from purchasing compute
             | or hard drives by buying up all of the supply, they are not
             | performing any anti-competitive actions, which would not
             | make them liable under any anti-trust statutes.
             | 
             | I don't think anyone's in doubt YT is a monopoly with how
             | big and widely-used it is. It's just that they continue to
             | survive because of how well they execute their plan of
             | making a good service that gives users what they want
             | (fast, instant access to videos that appeal to them) and
             | pays out creators enough to where they can make a living,
             | or even build a media company (LTT), off of the adsense and
             | monetization opportunities YT enables.
        
               | HDThoreaun wrote:
               | You don't need to be a monopoly to get anti-trusted. You
               | just need to use your market power to stifle competition
               | to consumers detriment.
        
               | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
               | Preferentially giving YouTube access to ressources is
               | indeed an anti-competitive action. That's part of the
               | vertical restraint kind.
               | 
               | YT isn't a monopoly however. It might be dominant
               | depending of how you define the markets but it does have
               | competitors.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | That's not in any sense of the word how anti-trust works.
               | 
               | That's just like saying that car manufacturers can't use
               | idle capacity to help start a new line of vehicles just
               | because a new car manufacturer couldn't create a new car
               | line.
        
               | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
               | No, it's not comparable in any ways. Car manufacturers
               | sell cars. That's their main business.
               | 
               | Here we have Google using its dominant position in
               | another market to prop up another activity through an
               | advantage. That's most definitely fall under anti-
               | competitive law at least in Europe (I don't care about
               | the US. The modern interpretation of American antitrust
               | laws is a complete joke).
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Apple's main business was selling computers. Should they
               | not have been allowed to branch out to sell phones or
               | before that music players? Netflix had a dominant
               | business in shipping DVDs to customers. Should they have
               | not branched out to streaming?
               | 
               | It's silly to say that companies should never be allowed
               | to branch out to other businesses.
        
               | WastingMyTime89 wrote:
               | When did Apple ever had a dominant position in the
               | computer market? Ah, yes, never, I was scared that you
               | may have had a point there for moment.
               | 
               | Care to highlight exactly how Netflix used its dominant
               | position in film renting in favour of its streaming
               | business?
               | 
               | It would indeed be silly to say companies can't branch
               | out. Thankfully no one is so that's fine.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Netflix very much had a dominant position in DVD rentals
               | at its height.
               | 
               | Apple had a dominant position in selling music and in
               | music players by 2006. It was the number one music
               | retailer in the US. It very much used that to get into
               | the phone market and part of its early success in the App
               | Store was that it was built on top of iTunes and it
               | already had more credit cards on file than any other
               | company in the US besides Amazon.
               | 
               | If you're not arguing that a company shouldn't branch
               | out, are you arguing that once a company gets a certain
               | size, it shouldn't be allowed to invest those profits and
               | resources into another industry?
               | 
               | By 2011, Apple was the most valuable company in the US.
               | Should it not have been allowed to start selling watches,
               | home stereo equipment and AirPods?
        
               | Darrengineer wrote:
               | > Netflix very much had a dominant position in DVD
               | rentals at its height.
               | 
               | Is this true? My recollection being a netflix DVD
               | customer is that brick and mortar rental stores were
               | dominant until netflix streaming upended the DVD rental
               | dynamic. Would love to see some data on it though!
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | There is a long story about how just when it looked like
               | the combination of BlockBuster brick and mortar + mail in
               | was about to deal the killing blow to Netflix, Carl Icahn
               | came in and snatched defeat out of the jaws of victory.
               | 
               | https://hbr.org/2011/04/how-i-did-it-blockbusters-former-
               | ceo...
               | 
               | https://www.cnbc.com/2020/09/22/how-netflix-almost-lost-
               | the-...
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | > Unless Google is preventing others from purchasing
               | compute or hard drives by buying up all of the supply,
               | they are not performing any anti-competitive actions,
               | which would not make them liable under any anti-trust
               | statutes.
               | 
               | Would the massive subsidization of YouTube's costs not
               | count? There's nothing physically preventing a competitor
               | from buying storage and compute, but it's pretty clear
               | that it would be extremely difficult to compete with
               | YouTube if every user has to pay the actual unit costs to
               | upload, convert, and play videos.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | > but it's pretty clear that it would be extremely
               | difficult to compete with YouTube if every user has to
               | pay the actual unit costs to upload, convert, and play
               | videos.
               | 
               | That's on the user side, though. Like AWS and Azure,
               | chances are GCP/Google's internal hardware division bills
               | internal teams similarly to external customers
               | (especially as Sundar continues to demand cost cuts). Of
               | course users themselves can't go and make their own
               | website and experience the same economies of scale that
               | only big companies can achieve, but if competitors come
               | in (like ByteDance) there's nothing stopping them from
               | stealing marketshare from YouTube if they invest in some
               | colocated servers in key markets.
        
               | rescbr wrote:
               | > Like AWS and Azure, chances are GCP/Google's internal
               | hardware division bills internal teams similarly to
               | external customers (especially as Sundar continues to
               | demand cost cuts)
               | 
               | Having worked on such large conglomerates it's closer to
               | friends & family discount than from large external
               | company discount.
               | 
               | There's also transfer pricing and other accounting ways
               | to improve numbers.
               | 
               | This is so widespread that one such company had <company
               | color> dollars (internal purchases) and green dollars
               | (external customers) pricing.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | That's simple Managerial Accounting 101.
               | 
               | Every major company operates the same way.
               | 
               | When Disney+ "buys" the right to stream the latest Marvel
               | movie from Marvel Studios, the company as a whole has to
               | back out the revenue so not to count it twice. But still
               | show Disney+'s profit.
        
               | lotsofpulp wrote:
               | Why would they have to "back out" revenue"? Revenue for
               | one department has to be an expense for another if they
               | are buying and selling from each other, and that would
               | cancel out in the company wide financials.
               | 
               | Disney+ buying from or selling to Marvel would not show
               | up as profit or loss for Disney.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Let's take a simpler example. Apple Retail Stores and
               | Apple corporate. For awhile Apple Store profits were
               | broken out separately.
               | 
               | Making up numbers:
               | 
               | It costs Apple $800 to make a MacBook. It "sells" the
               | MacBook to Apple Retail for $900 wholesale. Apple
               | corporate now has revenue of $900 from the Mac it sold.
               | 
               | Apple Retail sells the same Mac to the end user for
               | $1000. Apple Retail now has revenue of $1000.
               | 
               | Apple Corporate claims revenue of $900
               | 
               | Apple Retail claims revenue of $1000.
               | 
               | Apple claims a revenue of $1900. But it has to back out
               | $900 of revenue so it doesn't double count it.
               | 
               | Apple wants to show that Apple Retail is profitable.
               | 
               | I used Apple instead of Disney in the example because it
               | is much simpler to show one item being transferred from
               | Apple to Apple retail than it is to show a group of
               | movies being transferred to Disney and Disney selling a
               | subscription.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | rottingchris wrote:
               | Revenue is independent of expenses. It cancels out when
               | you calculate profit.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | I spoke about "revenue" and then I said "profit". I was
               | inconsistent. "Profit" would have been cancelled out.
               | "Revenue" would have had to be backed out.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The monopoly practice in this case is subsidizing a
               | business with by leveraging a monopoly. Aka YouTube isn't
               | paying market prices on unused compute therefore Google
               | is leverage its search monopoly to expand into another
               | business.
               | 
               | Historically the concern was that railroads might get
               | into say coal mining by charging competitors more to move
               | coal than they charged themselves.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | > Aka YouTube isn't paying market prices on unused
               | compute therefore Google is leverage its search monopoly
               | to expand into another business.
               | 
               | What in the hell is "market rate" for compute? Google
               | bought a zillion CPUs and hard drives and put them in
               | data centers that they pay for. There's no "market rate",
               | they own the infrastructure. They can do whatever they
               | want with the equipment they own. A division using
               | another division's spare compute capacity isn't in any
               | way an anti-trust violation. What you're saying makes no
               | sense at all.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Google cloud exists... Anyway, monopolies have specific
               | legal restrictions on what they can do with their
               | infrastructure be that railroads, cables, or data
               | centers.
               | 
               | "Amazon EC2 Spot Instances let you take advantage of
               | _unused EC2 capacity_ in the AWS cloud. Spot Instances
               | are available at up to a 90% discount compared to On-
               | Demand prices." https://aws.amazon.com/ec2/spot/
               | 
               | As a monopoly Google could sell the same capacity YouTube
               | is using on Google cloud services and YouTube could then
               | buy that capacity. If YouTube was treated as any other
               | customer it's fine, if YouTube got preferential treatment
               | it's not fine.
               | 
               | I doubt anyone is going to take them to court over this
               | but it is likely illegal.
        
               | danielrhodes wrote:
               | From reading your comments, it appears like you have
               | confused having a competitive advantage with anti-
               | competitive practices. Just because YouTube has access to
               | cheap resources by its parent does not prevent a
               | competitor from existing in or entering the market.
               | Facebook, Instagram, Tik Tok are doing just fine without
               | access to Google's resources. There are other practices
               | that Google does which might fit the bill (e.g. ranking
               | and prominence in search results, Android, etc.), but
               | this isn't one of them.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Competitive advantage is fine that's kind of the point of
               | capitalism. So the problem isn't that YouTube has access
               | to cheap compute, that's normally just a basic synergy
               | that every MBA loves.
               | 
               | The problem comes from Alphabet having cheap compute left
               | over from their search monopoly. In 1982 AT&T was broken
               | up because it was using its local monopoly when competing
               | in the long distance market. Again for 99% of companies
               | it would have been fine, but monopoly = special rules.
        
               | giantrobot wrote:
               | So companies can't leverage their own infrastructures
               | between divisions? They should have to offer every bit of
               | their infrastructure at "market rates"? What's the market
               | rate for me shipping boxes using Walmart's trucks? Should
               | McDonalds be forced to charge "market rate" rent to
               | Subway for counter and kitchen space?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Monopolies not random companies. Also, what's legal isn't
               | particularly relevant only what's enforced as nobody
               | actually cares as about what infrastructure YouTube is
               | using.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | In that case are you saying it should be illegal for any
               | company to leverage its resources to get into a new
               | business? Should Netflix not been allowed to leverage
               | profits it was making in shipping DVDs to enter
               | streaming?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | No, it's not a question of money but of resources. If
               | Google offers up their compute at market rates and
               | YouTube is treated as any other customer on that compute
               | then it's not a problem.
               | 
               | Microsoft for example could have spent unlimited money on
               | IE and the justice department wouldn't have cared as long
               | as it was treated as a business investment. However,
               | leveraging the ability to change windows was seen as
               | problematic.
               | 
               | Long term subsidies can also run into issues, but it's
               | believed YouTube is inherently profitable.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Actually, you're kind of making my point. Absolutely
               | _nothing_ came of the DOJ case with regards to IE
               | bundling.
               | 
               | But that still isn't logical. Are you really going to say
               | that a company shouldn't be allowed to use resources to
               | create a new product? Should it have been illegal for
               | Netflix to use profits from shipping DVDs to later bundle
               | video streaming?
               | 
               | Should it also be illegal for companies to "subsidize"
               | open source contributors? Should it be illegal for YC and
               | other VCs to "subsidize" money losing startups based on
               | previous successes?
               | 
               | How long should a company be allowed to spend money on
               | money losing products to gain a foothold? Microsoft
               | probably lost money on the first 2 generations of the
               | Xbox. Should that be illegal? Should Microsoft not be
               | allowed to throw billions at ChatGPT?
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Microsoft _lost._ They avoided being broken up, but it's
               | absolutely clear they had broken the law. It's not IE
               | bundling alone that was at issue but Microsoft making it
               | harder to install competitors and limiting access to some
               | API's to IE. They where legally required to change this
               | and did in fact do so. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit
               | ed_States_v._Microsoft_Cor...
               | 
               | And the critical thing you don't seem to understand is
               | resources aren't the same thing as money. Suppose Intel
               | decided to change their CPU design so only their compiler
               | would have access to the full instruction set, that's not
               | something money can buy. Anyone can bring lots of money
               | to the table, only the monopoly can leverage the
               | resources associated with that monopoly.
               | 
               | As to spending money, again it's not about gaining a
               | foothold because anyone can spend money. The issue is if
               | someone is subsidizing a business to maintain their
               | monopoly rather than operate a profitable business.
               | Google didn't get into fiber because they wanted to
               | operate a profitable business they got into fiber to
               | defend their websites. They didn't cross the line, but
               | you can see how long term subsidies of different business
               | could be seen as desirable/problematic.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Microsoft did not in fact have to change anything about
               | _bundling the browser with Windows_.
               | 
               | And just in case you haven't noticed, Intel isn't exactly
               | doing great against AMD these days and doesn't even have
               | a monopoly on chips with the x86 instruction set.
               | 
               | Do you think its also illegal for the cable companies
               | that originally lost money on cable infrastructure and to
               | subsidize the cable infrastructure to sell subscription
               | content? DirecTV probably wouldn't have made money
               | selling satellite internet. But it was able to do it
               | cheaply because of its content delivery. Every company
               | leverages its resources to have margins of scale.
               | 
               | Even HN can only exist as a free service because it
               | leverages the resources it has from the rest of its
               | business. No one pays dang to moderate HN. The moderation
               | is subsidized.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I will say it again Microsoft broke the law _and lost._
               | The case was more complicated than a simple sound bite
               | which is why you're confused.
               | 
               | People get away with breaking the law constantly, you can
               | do 57 mph in a 55 every day for 60 years and never get a
               | ticket. Shipping Windows with a copy of IE was like doing
               | 57, nominally illegal but not something they would have
               | gotten in much trouble over. But like a speeder they
               | pushed even further and got slapped down over it.
               | 
               | Intel has had an X86 monopoly at various points. Doing
               | something when they aren't a monopoly can be legal when
               | doing the exact same thing as a monopoly is illegal.
               | Whether they currently qualify as a monopoly is
               | debatable, but you don't need a 100% market share to be
               | considered a monopoly. AMD having a 20% market share is
               | right at the edge of where Intel would be considered a
               | monopoly but Intel has a great deal of market power.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | This was your original thesis:
               | 
               | > Microsoft for example could have spent unlimited money
               | on IE and the justice department wouldn't have cared as
               | long as it was treated as a business investment. However,
               | leveraging the ability to change windows was seen as
               | problematic.
               | 
               | There is no confusion. _Nothing came out of the DOJ case
               | with respect to MS bundling IE_.
               | 
               | Intel has never had a monopoly when it came to x86. IBM
               | insisted from day one that were two suppliers for x86
               | before it even agreed to use the first chip.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | I said "leveraging the ability to change windows" which
               | is not limited to bundling.
               | 
               | Making it more difficult to install competitors is
               | "leveraging the ability to change windows."
               | 
               | They very much lost in large part because of a video
               | shown in court of how difficult to install a competitor.
               | They even lied about it by editing their own video which
               | skipped steps showing they knew that behavior was
               | problematic.
               | 
               | As to Intel's x86 monopoly. Intel paid 1.6 billion in
               | response to a monopoly lawsuit, and the EU fined them
               | $1.45 billion and ordered it to end its customer rebate
               | program. So they where definitely treated like a
               | monopoly.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Did you ever install Navigator back in the day? It was
               | not difficult to install another browser.
        
               | barneygale wrote:
               | Why are you continuing to argue when you clearly don't
               | understand antitrust?
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | Well, in that case neither does the justice department
               | for the last three decades since none of them have agreed
               | with HN lawyers theories...
        
               | saurik wrote:
               | You seem to keep ignoring, though, that Microsoft lost
               | :/. Like: Microsoft was charged, the case was heard, and
               | Microsoft lost. The judge even ruled that Microsoft be
               | broke into two companies! So, no: you are just wasting
               | everyone's time here by insisting something that is 100%
               | absolutely incorrect.
               | 
               | https://corporatefinanceinstitute.com/resources/managemen
               | t/m...
               | 
               | FWIW, the reason you might be a bit confused--though I do
               | not think this excuses the time you're spending here--is
               | that Microsoft did not end up broken into two because
               | they appealed that part of the ruling and "won"... but
               | that court of appeals actually re-affirmed that
               | Microsoft's actions were illegal!
               | 
               | https://www.computerworld.com/article/2582620/appeals-
               | court-...
               | 
               | > The appeals court, in its decision, specifically
               | rejected Jackson's order that Microsoft be split. "We
               | vacate the judgment on remedies, because the trial judge
               | engaged in impermissible ex parte contacts by holding
               | secret interviews with members of the media and made
               | numerous offensive comments about Microsoft officials in
               | public statements outside of the courtroom, giving rise
               | to an appearance of partiality," the decision said in
               | part.
               | 
               | This is essentially akin to someone being convicted of
               | something and then appealing the decision to an appeals
               | court that decides "OK, the defendant clearly is guilty,
               | but the chain of evidence used by the district attorney
               | was compromised and so none of it is admissible; thereby,
               | you cannot send them to jail, even though we know they
               | are guilty".
               | 
               | (edit: Also, there were, in fact, serious ramifications
               | on Microsoft for this loss... Bill Gates largely had to
               | step down as CEO due to having gotten the courts so mad
               | at Microsoft that it was almost broken apart, the IE team
               | had a difficult time hiring anyone due to the shame and
               | Internet Explorer ended up on life support <- this is
               | often blamed in Microsoft "not caring as they were a
               | monopoly" but that is far from the truth, and the
               | resulting chaos for Microsoft really allowed Apple an
               | entrance with Steve Jobs back at the helm to retake a
               | large market segment. I did a talk about The Fall of the
               | Roman Empire that covered some of these issues, but more
               | detail on IE is likely a nonsequitur.)
               | https://vimeo.com/310654342
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | And this still has no bearings on the original thing
               | claimed that Microsoft was found to be anti competitive
               | _for bundling IE_. Not bundling IE was never part of the
               | consent decree. No one ever said there was going to have
               | to be a separate "IE company Inc".
               | 
               | Job first came back to prominence with the iMac, then
               | really took off because of the iPod. Microsoft didn't
               | fail in the music player market for lack of trying, they
               | had multiple failures - first Plays4Sure and then the
               | Zune. It was execution failure. The same with the phone.
               | 
               | Microsoft was never able to compete with an integrated
               | player like Apple except for the Mac.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | The degree of bundling was part of the decent degree,
               | including IE with windows was not.
               | 
               | Aka the use of private Windows API's by IE was explicitly
               | banned in the decent decree.
               | 
               | The initial case which MS lost would have resulted in
               | splitting the company, on appeal and by the time of the
               | new trial (which they also lost) the government changed
               | its mind into no longer seeking to break up the company.
               | But that was on the government not a legal victory by
               | Microsoft.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | According to the Wikipedia summary
               | 
               | > However, the DOJ did not require Microsoft to change
               | any of its code nor did it prevent Microsoft from tying
               | other software with Windows in the future
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Yes. It wasn't always difficult, but at various points
               | there were extra hoops you needed to jump through. Again
               | I will point out Microsoft editing a video to skip steps
               | they clearly wouldn't have done so if the process was
               | reasonable.
               | 
               | They have even swapped peoples browsers with security
               | updates before. Though more recent examples like KB
               | 3135173 seem like a simple mistake, it's more provocative
               | when such things were common.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | There were never any extra hoops. You downloaded Netscape
               | and you clicked on install like you did any other
               | application.
        
               | Retric wrote:
               | Not only is this false it was demonstrated as false in
               | court.
               | 
               | "Microsoft later submitted a second inaccurate videotape
               | into evidence. The issue was how easy or difficult it was
               | for America Online users to download and install Netscape
               | Navigator onto a Windows PC. Microsoft's videotape showed
               | the process as being quick and easy, resulting in the
               | Netscape icon appearing on the user's desktop. The
               | government produced its own videotape of the same
               | process, revealing that Microsoft's videotape had
               | conveniently removed a long and complex part of the
               | procedure and that the Netscape icon was not placed on
               | the desktop, requiring a user to search for it. _Brad
               | Chase, a Microsoft vice president, verified the
               | government 's tape and conceded that Microsoft's own tape
               | was falsified."_ https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United_Sta
               | tes_v._Microsoft_Cor....
               | 
               | Also I had forgotten about this bit: "Later, Allchin re-
               | ran the demonstration and provided a new videotape, but
               | in so doing Microsoft dropped the claim that Windows is
               | slowed down when IE is removed."
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Nothing came out of the DOJ case with respect to MS
               | bundling IE.
               | 
               | In the sense that there was ultimately a comparative slap
               | on the wrist remedy, in part because of a favorable-to-
               | Microsoft change in administration between the findings
               | of fact on antitrust violation (in which bundling IE was
               | a factor, but far from the sole factor) and the
               | imposition of a remedy for those violations, yes, nothing
               | much came out of it.
        
               | scarface_74 wrote:
               | The original poster was originally focused on bundling.
               | If DOJ had said Bill Gates kicked a dog while dressing up
               | as clippy it would have meant nothing since there was no
               | proposed remedy or anything that came out of the consent
               | decree that BG had to stop cosplaying as Clippy and
               | kicking dogs.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Right.
               | 
               | And we shouldn't forget that, in the US anyway, it's not
               | illegal to be a monopoly. The "antitrust" laws are about
               | unfairly leveraging your monopoly position.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | If they spun out Youtube, then Google could sell access to
           | idle data centers. Basically spot instances, or maybe you
           | describe some task (with e.g. a docker container) and then
           | GCP runs it at some point in the next 24 hours in some
           | datacenter.
        
           | RyJones wrote:
           | YouTube also functions as a network offset, no? Egress from
           | YouTube helps balance ingress from everything, which should
           | lead to cheaper network settlement.
           | 
           | I worked in WANOPS at Microsoft in the 90s, so my
           | understanding of billing is literally decades old.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | Is there excess ingress in Google's networks? I might have
             | guessed the opposite.
        
               | RyJones wrote:
               | If they're ingesting the web as frequently as my Apache
               | logs say, I would guess the imbalance is high
        
           | heavenlyblue wrote:
           | > It is definitely the case that YouTube gets lots of really
           | cheap compute by being part of Google. But that isn't a bad
           | thing, they are making use of an otherwise wasted resource,
           | effectively lowering the cost for products that need daytime
           | capacity to serve humans.
           | 
           | Google could rent this compute capacity to the masses,
           | allowing for healthier competition.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > Google could rent this compute capacity to the masses,
             | allowing for healthier competition.
             | 
             | They could, but no major corporation wants healthier
             | competition. They want no competition whatsoever. So there
             | is no reason at all for Google to do this, and every reason
             | (from their point of view) not to.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Presumably Google could spin out some of those unused
           | resources with spot pricing but certainly it's easier with
           | their own highly instrumented workloads.
           | 
           | So I'm skeptical that anything is actually "free" and, at a
           | minimum, I'm sure has internal transfer pricing that has
           | YouTube paying a reasonable value for the resources it uses.
           | And I would furthermore assume that Alphabet management is
           | satisfied with what YouTube's income statement looks like
           | given those transfer payments.
        
             | kevincox wrote:
             | For sure. It isn't free, they are just making good use of
             | otherwise unused capacity. Much like spot instances can be
             | dramatically cheaper they are using the cheapest available
             | resources. Plus they are happy with being preempted at any
             | time or their work being slowed so they are working with an
             | even tighter contract then GCP Spot Instances which have
             | minimum runtimes and preemption notices.
             | 
             | It is hard to decide if this is unfair or not. It is true
             | that Google doesn't offer this exact ability to external
             | customers but most customers wouldn't want this type of
             | very unreliable infrastructure. If there was a market
             | Google or Amazon would likely offer it (basically a super-
             | spot which has less guarantees)
        
           | jelling wrote:
           | The commentators point was that YouTube may not be as strong
           | of a stand-alone company as the article believes if the COGS
           | is inaccurate because YT gets tons of free resources via
           | Google.
        
         | jsnell wrote:
         | Note that the content isn't free either; more than half of the
         | revenue goes to the creators.
        
         | klodolph wrote:
         | Think of it less as a subsidy. Instead, think of this--
         | 
         | Team A is running a database and needs to buy disks with a
         | certain amount of IO capacity.
         | 
         | Team B is running YouTube and needs to store tons of data.
         | 
         | You add up the IO + storage requirements from team A and the IO
         | + storage requirements of team B and you buy disks capable of
         | providing that combined amount of IO + storage. The resulting
         | cost is much lower than the cost of buying disks for team A and
         | disks for team B separately.
        
       | AtNightWeCode wrote:
       | Youtube costs close to 2x compared to HBO where I live, just to
       | get rid of the ads. Who came up with that business plan? The big
       | problem with Youtube right now is the death of history. More and
       | more often I seek "Youtube"-content on other sites.
        
       | webdoodle wrote:
       | Just in time for the Weaponization hearings. Conveniently...
        
       | londons_explore wrote:
       | There are only a few times when a spun off company can be worth
       | more than an integrated one...
       | 
       | 1) When the spinoff might have negative value. Eg. has big
       | liabilities. But you don't need to make it fully independent to
       | gain this benefit - it can be a wholly owned subsidiary.
       | 
       | 2) When the spinoff can't get clients or suppliers due to the
       | business of the parent company - eg. the renewable energy
       | division of BP might not have much success getting charitable
       | funding from green charities.
       | 
       | 3) Where someone else wants to buy the spinoff for more than
       | market value for strategic reasons. Eg. to have its patents, or
       | to shut down a competing business.
       | 
       | I don't think any of these apply in the case of Youtube.
        
       | PreInternet01 wrote:
       | Well, YouTube-the-hosting-business definitely doesn't fit in very
       | well with Goo-Alpha-whatever (being, really, an advertising-cum-
       | PI-broker), but that's hardly the fault of the owning company.
       | 
       | Fact is: there is _very_ little business sense in an outfit like
       | YouTube. You have massive server costs, massive bandwidth costs,
       | a fickle audience, a precarious copyright situation, and very
       | little margin for recovery.
       | 
       | Yet, YouTube is and remains popular. _Very very_ popular. So, you
       | would think there is some room for a play there. And there have
       | been sufficient suggestions from various parties on what that
       | play should be. Increase advertising. Go full-Spotify. Et cetera,
       | ad absurdum.
       | 
       | What YouTube has implemented is a mediocre mix of worst-case
       | options: sure, customers can get a subscription, but it does not
       | actually offer any advantages. And yes, partners can create
       | opportunities, but only if they're a top-10 media company, and
       | therefore won't create _anything_ if their life literally
       | depended on it. Smaller partners are smothered: Alpha-Goo-tube
       | could listen to them, but they don 't and won't.
       | 
       | So, YouTube right now is an entire market-in-itself waiting to be
       | disrupted. Spotify did it for audio; who will be the disruptor
       | for video, and when, remains to be seen. Given the current market
       | conditions, we'll have to wait a year or two, but that YouTube is
       | toast is pretty much a given.
        
       | ur-whale wrote:
       | https://archive.is/SG4zP
        
       | madrox wrote:
       | YouTube's problem isn't competitors. They already have most of
       | the eyeballs on the planet. It's that anything new they do is
       | going to cannibalize the rest of their revenue streams. Want to
       | push people to more clips and create a revenue stream there? They
       | need to prove to their creators it won't take revenue away from
       | their existing videos. That makes them very careful to roll out
       | new things. TikTok, by comparison, had no creators to lose, so
       | they can go after new generations of creators or simply be
       | another syndication channel.
        
       | stillsleepy wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | WesolyKubeczek wrote:
       | I'm afraid Youtube will just die. As far as I know, it's still
       | not profitable on its own.
        
       | swframe2 wrote:
       | With AI tech getting dramatically better quickly, we need to wait
       | wrt restructuring the dominant players.
       | 
       | Basically, all the major players in the tech space are going to
       | make major transformations to their internal services over the
       | next 5 years. YouTube as you know it today is not going to be
       | here 5 years from now.
        
       | osigurdson wrote:
       | For me, YouTube is the most effective ad sponsored service by
       | far. Users are forced to watch at least 5 seconds of ads before
       | watching any content. This 5 second window is very focused as
       | there is no time to context switch to anything else. Contrast
       | this with Google search - sure there are some ads at the top but
       | these are easy to mentally filter out.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > Users are forced to watch at least 5 seconds of ads before
         | watching any content.
         | 
         | Not all users. I pay Google in order to not have to watch those
         | ads, and they aren't served to me.
        
           | devmunchies wrote:
           | Same. Which is a tough spot for YouTube. The user's with the
           | most disposable income and possibly niche targets for high
           | value products are inaccessible.
           | 
           | I only pay $9-10 per month, whereas there are some companies
           | who would pay way more for me (eng leadership/founder) to
           | learn about their product. It would be very expensive CAC
           | (cust. acquisition cost) but maybe worth it for a some niche
           | products.
           | 
           | Maybe Google needs a way to "recommend" reviews for products
           | in the video recommendations so that businesses can pay for
           | placement (like Google Ads).
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > Maybe Google needs a way to "recommend" reviews
             | 
             | I would say "please don't give them any ideas", but I
             | already ignore YouTube recommendations anyway, so that
             | wouldn't actually bother me.
             | 
             | However, if YouTube found a sneaky way to get ads in front
             | of me regardless of my premium membership, that would
             | eliminate the entire value of the premium membership. And,
             | for me, it would reduce the value of YouTube enough to get
             | me to finally ditch YouTube once and for all.
             | 
             | Which might not be a bad thing, really.
        
               | devmunchies wrote:
               | I don't mind ads, what I'm paying for is time. I don't
               | like ads where I have to wait for them to end.
        
         | loloquwowndueo wrote:
         | Cue uBlock origin - I don't recall the last time I watched an
         | injected ad on YouTube. Of course most content these days is
         | peddling some product, or has a quick word from sponsors - but
         | at least I don't have to put up with unrelated ads in the
         | middle of a stream.
        
           | kgwxd wrote:
           | Sponsors are the way ads should work. Ads aren't the problem,
           | tracking is.
        
           | wintermutestwin wrote:
           | Cue the people implying that blocking YT's ads is a form of
           | theft.
           | 
           | I'd gladly pay for ad-free YT, mostly to send the message
           | that I will never ever go back to watching ads. The problem
           | is that google is already stealing my data.
           | 
           | Where is the stalker-free option? Of course, I'd never trust
           | google anyway...
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > I'd gladly pay for ad-free YT
             | 
             | Then why don't you? That's been an option for years.
        
               | wintermutestwin wrote:
               | >The problem is that google is already stealing my data.
               | 
               | My data is worth much more to me than the cost of a YT
               | sub.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | But, as you said, google is already stealing your data
               | anyway. Would paying a bit of money every month really
               | make that any worse?
               | 
               | But aside from that, it's totally possible to minimize
               | your exposure and still pay for Premium. What I do is
               | have a Google account that is only used for YouTube, paid
               | for through a prepaid debit card, and I only watch
               | YouTube on a single tablet that is not used for any other
               | purpose.
               | 
               | It's not perfect protection, but it's also not terrible.
        
               | wintermutestwin wrote:
               | If I give data thieving Google money, I am sending the
               | message that I am OK with their data theft (regardless of
               | going through ridiculous hoops to keep them from stealing
               | it).
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | Yeah, I'm with you there.
               | 
               | YouTube is the last Google service (outside of Android)
               | that I still use. I'll be ditching it as soon as some
               | other service comes reasonably close to being able to
               | replace it for me. That hasn't happened yet, but the day
               | is coming closer.
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | I don't bother with that stuff. I just wish the ads were more
           | relevant.
        
           | goku12 wrote:
           | It could be argued that the worst thing that happened to ads
           | are targeted ads. The targeting part manages to insert
           | irrelevant ads at the most inappropriate times, even after
           | invading users' activity across the web. Even simple non-
           | tracking ads like a word from the sponsor are sometimes
           | relevant and manages to avoid invasive breaks.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | Ignoring the issue that targeted advertising requires
             | surveillance, my biggest problem with it is that it removes
             | the only useful thing about ads:
             | 
             | You used to be able to tell pretty quickly what demographic
             | any given content was made for by noticing what ads were
             | running with it. Targeted advertising removes that signal.
        
           | favourable wrote:
           | > Cue uBlock origin
           | 
           | uBo doesn't work everywhere. I do have it installed on
           | Firefox for Android though.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | sgtnoodle wrote:
           | One time while working at Google, someone sent me an email
           | linking to a video file related to our work. Before I could
           | watch the video, I had to watch an ad of a unicorn pooping
           | and then a man eating it. I was quite repulsed and livid
           | about it.
        
             | boulos wrote:
             | Ahh, you mean the original Squatty Potty ads:
             | 
             | https://m.youtube.com/watch?v=YbYWhdLO43Q
             | 
             | It's definitely bizarre. I assume they were going for
             | memorable, but your report sounds like it failed at the
             | basic goal: remembering the product.
        
           | causi wrote:
           | You, my friend, need to install SponsorBlock.
        
           | pier25 wrote:
           | And so the creators don't get paid when you watch their
           | content.
           | 
           | I pay for YouTube Premium. Creators get paid and I don't
           | watch ads. We have a family plan so this applies to the whole
           | family.
           | 
           | We spend way more time watching YouTube than Netflix but pay
           | for both.
        
             | j-bos wrote:
             | Echoing this, a YT premium subscription feels like a proper
             | transaction.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > And so the creators don't get paid when you watch their
             | content.
             | 
             | Let's be honest here -- creators aren't really getting paid
             | any meaningful amount of money from those ads anymore.
             | Those days are long gone. That's why all YouTubers who care
             | about revenue do their own ads as part of their own
             | content, and/or use things like Patreon.
             | 
             | There's only one reason why YouTubers even bother to allow
             | YouTube to "monetize" them -- if they don't, YouTube won't
             | recommend them to other viewers.
             | 
             | I also pay for Premium, though.
        
               | Panzer04 wrote:
               | This is untrue afaik. Even big channels with big self-
               | sponsorship (eg Linus Tech Tips) still make (pulling out
               | of thin air here) something like 20-30%+ of their revenue
               | from native google ads.
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | As I understand it, the big channels do make decent money
               | from their cut of Google's ads. But the vast majority of
               | YouTubers aren't big. I think it's a percentage game.
        
             | peoplefromibiza wrote:
             | > And so the creators don't get paid when you watch their
             | content.
             | 
             | They could ask the users to pay for the content they
             | produce and measure how many microseconds would pass before
             | they switch to someone else's videos.
             | 
             | It's an option.
             | 
             | I don't want to watch ads, I skip sponsored sections, I
             | feel no guilt about it, if they can't monetize enough and
             | have to shutdown operations, I can survive without that
             | content.
             | 
             | What would you say if I was dancing in the middle of the
             | streets asking for money and blaming people who don't give
             | any because "I am not being paid for the show I've put up,
             | you ingrates!"?
             | 
             | Nobody asked or forced content creators to upload their
             | content on YT.
        
               | PixelForg wrote:
               | Your analogy is only correct if you watch content that's
               | recommended to you, but many of us actively watch
               | YouTubers we have subscribed to, in that case it makes
               | sense for the creators to get paid then. Edit - Edited
               | the comment a bit
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | 95% of what I watch on YouTube is from YouTubers I
               | actively subscribe to. I rarely use YouTube's
               | recommendations (in no small part because YouTube is bad
               | at recommendations for me).
               | 
               | I'm very happy to support the ones I follow who are doing
               | it for a living. For most, I consider their cut of my
               | Premium fee to be sufficient. For some, I go beyond by
               | giving them money through Patreon and the like, or buying
               | their swag.
        
               | peoplefromibiza wrote:
               | of course it is fair to be paid, they should be paid
               | regardless by YouTube though, not by me watching the ADS.
               | 
               | If I block the ads, YouTube should pay them nonetheless.
               | 
               | Because I chose to block the ADS, not the content
               | creator.
               | 
               | But it's not my responsibility to watch the ADS or the
               | sponsored content.
               | 
               | The content has been uploaded as "public & free" and I
               | watch it for free.
        
             | titaniumtown wrote:
             | Youtube ad revenue is a very small part of income made from
             | creating Youtube videos. Most people who makes videos take
             | up sponsorships which are way more lucrative.
        
             | ahtihn wrote:
             | I don't really care that creators don't get paid. Youtube
             | was better when no one was getting paid.
        
             | edgyquant wrote:
             | Nearly all of them shill some product in there video. They
             | get paid.
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | Even with sponsors, adsense is always an incredible
               | driver of revenue[0,1] especially as more and more people
               | (especially in the US) have an iPhone which prevents any
               | ad blockers within the YouTube app.
               | 
               | And YouTube Premium views pay out a lot more per view
               | than any ad-supported view[2,3].
               | 
               | 0: https://twitter.com/linusgsebastian/status/16094682622
               | 194032...
               | 
               | 1: https://twitter.com/LinusTech/status/14869187844010885
               | 15?s=2...
               | 
               | 2: https://twitter.com/LinusTech/status/14869356903151124
               | 55?s=2...
               | 
               | 3: https://twitter.com/hankgreen/status/15131774907300618
               | 29?s=2...
        
               | Tepix wrote:
               | Do you want to encourage this behaviour versus those who
               | merely rely on what YouTube pays them?
        
               | 998244353 wrote:
               | If I had to choose between seeing the ads by YouTube and
               | seeing the creator's own ad, I'd choose the second.
               | 
               | I don't really know why. But if I turn off ad blocking,
               | YouTube's own ads are way more obnoxious and intrusive.
               | Maybe it's because every advertiser has figured out they
               | need to cram as much shit into a 5-second segment? Or
               | maybe it is because seeing an ad at the very beginning is
               | much more psychologically disruptive (or if the YT ad is
               | in the middle, it is usually inserted without any regard
               | to the video, even breaking up sentences).
        
         | Waterluvian wrote:
         | You can't filter out google ads because you don't know which
         | are ads beyond the handful they label as such.
         | 
         | Google filters and shapes the results so much now that I'm
         | inclined to say it's all essentially advertising. That is,
         | Google is giving you want it wants you to see in what order,
         | and lately filters out anything that isn't helpful for Google.
        
         | opdahl wrote:
         | Your point is certainly valid, but I have a slightly different
         | perspective on the matter. Google Search Ads hold a certain
         | magic that is unparalleled in the digital marketing world.
         | Unlike video ads, which can be intrusive and irrelevant to a
         | viewer's current needs, Google Search Ads are precisely
         | targeted to solve the exact problem or question a user is
         | currently facing. I've personally experimented with YouTube ads
         | and discovered that while they can be useful for building brand
         | awareness, they don't always lead to direct website traffic. As
         | my company grows, I've realized that spending money on
         | platforms like TikTok or Facebook simply doesn't make sense, as
         | we can't yet promote our products in high enough volumes to
         | truly stick in a user's memory. However, with Google Search
         | Ads, we're able to reach potential customers at the exact
         | moment when our product can be of service, leading to higher
         | click-through rates and ultimately, a higher conversion rate
         | than we could ever achieve with video ads.
        
         | taco_emoji wrote:
         | As a consumer, this is 90% of the reason I avoid Youtube as
         | much as possible.
         | 
         | EDIT: Also just because people are forced to watch 5 seconds of
         | an ad doesn't mean it's got any measurable positive effect (for
         | the advertiser) whatsoever.
        
           | sebzim4500 wrote:
           | Because youtube ads respond almost instantly to changing the
           | settings, you can normally get a pretty good idea of whether
           | you are getting any return.
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | I think if the ads are relevant it is a really good system.
           | I'm only annoyed when ads are not relevant. Unfortunately the
           | ads are irrelevant 90% of the time. These days they are
           | sometimes not even in the right language - not sure what is
           | up with that.
        
           | osigurdson wrote:
           | If you have any idea what Monday.com or Asana is then YouTube
           | is probably working.
        
             | HDThoreaun wrote:
             | You can thank the MTA for knowing that monday.com exists
        
       | VLM wrote:
       | I was unimpressed by the arguments in the article.
       | 
       | Focus implies that Alphabet cannot avoid being over controlling
       | (why? Any evidence other than idle speculation?) whereas devotion
       | to increasing quarterly shareholder value would somehow be hands
       | off (LOL has the author ever worked for a megacorporation?), or
       | eventually being bought out by a (probably overcontrolling)
       | competitor (Disney? Netflix?) would by some miracle be less
       | overcontrolling than Alphabet currently is. With a side dish of
       | the assumption that Youtube would be better off with less control
       | and oversight. Why is that?
       | 
       | The second argument is also weak. The claim is there are two ways
       | to being ad sales in-house at Youtube (they... aren't already?)
       | one is paying financial market middlemen billions to do a
       | corporate split such that there will only (temporarily?) be in
       | house sales dept, the other option is a cheap, probably money
       | saving, departmental re-org. "We can save money by making a giant
       | pile of cash and lighting it on fire". Naah, not taking the bait,
       | doesn't sound profitable.
       | 
       | The third argument is the author is some kind of insider and our
       | toothless and ineffective unelected regulators hate google more
       | than they hate facebook (solely because he claims it to be the
       | case), so splitting from google would reduce government
       | regulation. I mean, we're just making stuff up at this point,
       | aren't we?
       | 
       | The forth, unnumbered, argument is a restatement of the first
       | argument, that Alphabet is inherently and uncontrollably
       | hypercontrolling so "freeing" Alphabet from hypercontrolling
       | responsibilities WRT youtube would allow better micromanagement
       | of various AI projects. Now wait a minute, the first argument was
       | Alphabet's theoretical control issues are "bad" therefore YT
       | should leave, why is the forth argument that toxic management is
       | somehow good when its applied to new AI divisions? I have a
       | better idea, if the author repeatedly restates that Alphabet
       | management is incompetent and detrimental to everything it
       | touches, why let it ruin AI along with ruining Youtube, why not
       | push to implement better leadership at Alphabet so all the orgs
       | underneath Alphabet would benefit? I'm just saying if the
       | repeated theme of the article is Alphabet is a "rats deserting
       | the sinking ship" argument, well... why not fix the ship so its
       | not sinking instead of coming up with elaborate and expensive
       | evacuation processes? If Alphabet management is toxic therefore
       | YT should leave to avoid it, then a couple paragraphs later
       | claiming Alphabet management is toxic therefore they need to
       | manage AI even harder, doesn't make sense.
        
       | crazygringo wrote:
       | I can't agree.
       | 
       | Ultimately, the article argues for spinoff because of 1) focus,
       | 2) more subscription experimentation, and 3) regulators.
       | 
       | But there's zero evidence YouTube is a distraction, it's already
       | done lots of experimenation with subscriptions, and YouTube seems
       | like the last of regulators' concerns with Alphabet.
       | 
       | I do think it's true there isn't a whole lot of _strategic_
       | synergy between YouTube and Google or the rest of Alphabet. It 's
       | not like YouTube and Maps reinforce each other the way Docs and
       | Slides do.
       | 
       | But the biggest argument for keeping them together is that there
       | are large economies of scale, mainly regarding datacenters and
       | edge nodes and all of the like, and that for this reason alone
       | YouTube is an essentially perfect part of Alphabet's portfolio.
        
         | lumb63 wrote:
         | Not saying I disagree with you, but couldn't the "economies of
         | scale" argument be used to justify e.g. all cloud providers
         | forming a monopoly, all hardware manufacturers doing the same,
         | etc.? The only reason all tech companies shouldn't aspire to
         | monopoly status is to avoid regulators stepping in; they should
         | aim as close as possible.
        
           | notatoad wrote:
           | the main reason that all cloud providers don't form a
           | monopoly is because they can't afford it. if google could buy
           | microsoft or vice versa they totally would. of course they
           | _want_ the monopoly, but that doesn 't mean they can have it.
        
         | conductr wrote:
         | The synergy is that google has active advertisers with payment
         | information on file. They can cross sell ads on any vertical to
         | that customer list. A new company would struggle just to get
         | advertisers to sign up and struggle to get the content and
         | struggle to get the views. This is why google bought YouTube to
         | begin with, it's a vertical for advertising which is their
         | business.
        
           | H8crilA wrote:
           | That's on the revenue front and is indeed important. On the
           | product front: some search and generally data processing
           | technologies are similar or even identical in Search an
           | YouTube (YT Search, but definitely not only that).
        
             | conductr wrote:
             | Yes, I'm sure that's so but not quite sure of how that
             | implies anticompetitiveness.
             | 
             | If a YT competitor built a search feature that they thought
             | was so good they spun up a search engine product, does that
             | make them anticompetitive?
             | 
             | Every competitor has to implement their own solutions to
             | these problems. Or, don't? Search isn't a barrier to entry.
             | You could launch a video service without a search feature.
             | If you can leverage something from your existing assets,
             | that's not anticompetitive. It's like a lawn mowing service
             | starting a Christmas light hanging service because they
             | already possess the truck and most of the tools and labor
             | resources. It's the definition of being competitive. They
             | may be able to offer lower prices to consumers because they
             | get to use their assets during middle of winter when grass
             | isn't growing.
             | 
             | Or, and this is key to the bundled conglomerate argument,
             | offer a service that wouldn't otherwise be feasible
             | (because the cost would be higher than what customers would
             | pay.) In this case, bundling of the service is a net
             | positive to consumers.
        
         | alldayeveryday wrote:
         | [dead]
        
         | CydeWeys wrote:
         | The two companies would likely have more total value separate
         | than together. The stock market doesn't price conglomerates
         | correctly.
        
           | crazygringo wrote:
           | Citation needed. When companies are split, sometimes they
           | gain value and sometimes they lose it. There's no hard and
           | fast rule, and I'm not aware of evidence of systematic
           | downwards mispricing of conglomerates.
        
             | Barrin92 wrote:
             | >When companies are split, sometimes they gain value and
             | sometimes they lose it
             | 
             | Evidence suggests that spinoffs produce quite significant
             | gains in shareholder value, here is one such study[1]. This
             | isn't really that surprising as large conglomerates are
             | slow, have managerial issues and are difficult to price and
             | generally hold their best performers down.
             | 
             | [1]https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=1875
             | 857
        
             | mijamo wrote:
             | It is the
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conglomerate_discount
             | 
             | It is not mispricing, but it is a discount. Big companies,
             | even very healthy ones, often split to satisfy their
             | investors based on this phenomenon.
             | 
             | It hasn't really played much in tech though which might be
             | why you haven't heard of it, but is very very well known in
             | industrial companies.
        
         | hackernewds wrote:
         | YouTube Premium is a large part of Google One. Which also
         | includes Google Photos, Google Fi, Google Drive etc benefits.
        
         | luckydata wrote:
         | this is very wrong. You can coordinate a campaign where you
         | have video ads on youtube for let's say a new burger from
         | McDonalds and then the same ads in Maps. Youtube is brand
         | awareness, Maps is to bring customers to physical locations.
         | There's TONS of synergy.
        
       | causi wrote:
       | Why has a question mark been added to the article title?
        
       | gerash wrote:
       | As if Google or other tech companies don't already have non-stop
       | re-orgs, now Economist's armchair executives are proposing even
       | more re-orgs so all the poor army of engineers spend their next
       | year on _migrations_.
        
       | luckydata wrote:
       | This would be an absurd move. Youtube is a property that relies
       | on Google's ad infrastructure AND commercial relationship with
       | advertisers to make sense. You split it and it becomes instantly
       | less appealing cause you're dealing with another network so you
       | can't coordinate campaigns as well as you can in the current
       | system.
       | 
       | It's complete nonsense and shows the person writing has no idea
       | how that particular business works.
        
       | buggythebug wrote:
       | Stopping calling them Alphabet. These tech companies are worse
       | than rappers when it comes to name changes. It's Google.
        
       | ydnaclementine wrote:
       | It's time for Android to spin off google too. Their new "Did you
       | know google made a PHONE?" commercial feels like terrible
       | marketing. They should market it something like: "Android,
       | powered by Google", and take advantage of the view that google is
       | at least seen as a modern bell labs (by normals at least), so
       | people can get the feeling that smart people are working on
       | android. Otherwise I don't think anyone really knows android and
       | google are the same (present company excluded).
        
         | throwaway472919 wrote:
         | Was a bit surprised it got past the lawyers re:antitrust, it's
         | very heavy on "You already use EVERYTHING Google"
        
           | scarface_74 wrote:
           | Yes and next anti-trust should break up Microsoft for
           | bundling office and break up the cable companies for bundling
           | cable channels. We should also get rid of BigFastFood because
           | McDonalds bundles hamburgers, fries and a drink...
        
       | nindalf wrote:
       | I respect the Economist's business columnist (Schumpeter) and
       | tech columnist (Babbage) but this seems to be a case of
       | Schumpeter writing about tech.
       | 
       | Leaving aside HN loving the idea of Big Tech being weakened by
       | becoming Relatively Small Tech, I don't see how this is in
       | Alphabet's or YouTube's interest.
       | 
       | The article assumes that such a divorce would be simple and it
       | would allow YouTube to focus on taking on TikTok. It sounds like
       | the exact opposite to me. YouTube clearly shares a lot of
       | infrastructure with the rest of Google, especially datacenters
       | and ads. Instead of focusing on high leverage activity like
       | improving product, they would spend their time figuring out how
       | to split datacenters, ads products, internal tooling etc. Almost
       | all of their software stack is maintained internally. They would
       | need to fork it and staff all of these teams. All of this is time
       | wasted, work duplication and cost increases.
       | 
       | Most of the rest is questionable claims. Like the claim that a
       | post-divorce YouTube would be able to focus on subscription
       | revenue. You mean like YouTube Premium, a subscription they've
       | had for years? They're not replacing ads with subscription, they
       | need both, so they need to recreate whatever ads infra they were
       | sharing.
       | 
       | The only argument that made any sense was that it would buy
       | goodwill with regulators. This is because regulators also like
       | the idea of Relatively Small Tech.
       | 
       | I feel like this article was started with that Wall St mentality
       | of "I wish I could invest in YouTube without investing in the
       | rest of it" and it somehow tries to justify the rest the divorce.
       | 
       | Really, if I had to think about what YouTube wants to do I'd say
       | they have to beat TikTok at the recommendation game. To do that
       | they need as much data as possible (even if that sounds
       | distasteful to HN), meaning the entire profile that Google has
       | built on each person. In what world does YouTube build better
       | recommendations after voluntarily giving up access to this data?
       | 
       | I'm keen to read an argument that argues this is in the best
       | interests of Alphabet and YouTube. Ideally something that goes
       | into specifics rather than vague notions of "focus".
        
         | Aperocky wrote:
         | > I wish I could invest in YouTube without investing in the
         | rest of it
         | 
         | That's assuming YouTube needs any investment.
        
         | luckylion wrote:
         | > Instead of focusing on high leverage activity like improving
         | product, they would spend their time figuring out how to split
         | datacenters, ads products, internal tooling etc.
         | 
         | You mean like they haven't for the past 5 years?
         | 
         | I have no opinion on splitting them up besides "why?", but
         | "Youtube wouldn't innovate on their product any more" is a
         | weird position: Youtube hasn't innovated since it was created,
         | they've only copied from other products (streaming, shorts,
         | music, superchats, channel members), and did so in a mediocre
         | way that's just disappointing.
        
         | jimnotgym wrote:
         | I have no idea about the utility of divesting YouTube but on
         | this point...
         | 
         | >YouTube clearly shares a lot of infrastructure with the rest
         | of Google, especially datacenters and ads.
         | 
         | I don't see this as a particularly thorny problem. Normally in
         | a divestiture. Newcorp would just sign a 5 year infrastructure
         | deal with Alphabet, and a 5 year deal for it's ad space. That
         | is plenty of time to resolve any lingering issues.
         | 
         | I wouldn't be surprised to see Alphabet divest some business,
         | however I think it is unlikely to be for tech reasons. It is
         | more likely to be financial engineering, as growth stalls and
         | share prices need protecting.
        
           | danpalmer wrote:
           | The problem is there's no clear split. Some infra is owned
           | and developed by YouTube teams, some by Google teams, and
           | it's hard to figure out the balance and usage and so on.
           | 
           | I'm some case you might have a service used by a Google
           | product, operated as a platform by a YouTube team, that uses
           | Google Cloud services, and runs on Google infrastructure. And
           | the SREs may be "paid for" with YouTube budgets. Who pays
           | who? And how much?
           | 
           | It's not as clean as, say, treating these things all like
           | cloud services provided by an infrastructure provider.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | This reminds me of what I see happen in sports sometimes.
         | 
         | Fans decide it is time to trade Player X. Next move is to find
         | someone to replace them ... they then describe someone just
         | like Player X.
         | 
         | A YouTube and Google split would setup a situation where they
         | both seem to be a pretty good fit for each other.
        
           | noizejoy wrote:
           | In sports, you need to replace players, because they age out
           | of their prime.
           | 
           | It might be interesting to apply similar thinking to
           | technology.
        
         | tehlike wrote:
         | Spin off doesn't always imply spinning of infra or codebase.
         | 
         | They could license each other their infra and libraries.
        
         | valley_guy_12 wrote:
         | Just as a point of interest, AIUI the names "Schumpeter" and
         | "Babbage" are "house names", not the real names of the people
         | who write the columns. Any given column might be written by
         | anyone, and it would still use the same house name.
         | 
         | Shumpeter and Babbage are the last names of famous people in
         | fields related to the columns topics.
        
           | kqr2 wrote:
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert_X._Cringely is another
           | interesting example, however in this case, Mark Stephens
           | actually took over the pseudonym after he left InfoWorld:
           | 
           |  _After a financial disagreement in 1995, Stephens was
           | dismissed from InfoWorld and was promptly sued by IDG to
           | prevent him from continuing to use the Cringely trademark. A
           | settlement was reached out of court that allowed him to use
           | the name, so long as he did not contribute to competing
           | technology magazines_
        
         | dageshi wrote:
         | I think more fundamentally, youtube is far less vulnerable to
         | the chatgpt garbagisation of the web. SEO crap is already bad,
         | it will likely get much worse.
         | 
         | Youtube has actual good content from creators whose opinions I
         | trust. Google would be moronic to give that up, they've spent
         | long enough building it.
        
           | dfinninger wrote:
           | Well, not really. I follow a few channels that tell
           | interesting true stories over some photos of and around the
           | event. Over the past year or so a few of them have started
           | supplementing with AI, but others have just gone all in.
           | Posts are much more frequent, but the music is AI generated,
           | the pictures are all AI, and the script in an AI expansion of
           | a Wikipedia article. Someone still has to edit it together
           | (for now), but all the content is AI-based. I've been
           | unsubscribing since the quality just isn't there anymore.
           | 
           | Now, this isn't a problem for the majority of my YouTube
           | consumption, but I'm still seeing it creep in.
        
           | smm11 wrote:
           | The internet as we know it is already there, AI talking to
           | AI. The luddites who want the mid-90s environment back were
           | right.
        
           | jeffwask wrote:
           | > the chatgpt garbagisation of the web
           | 
           | Eh... it's already started on YouTube. There's a whole new
           | genre of movie content that has chatgpt summarize the movie
           | while they play 15 minutes of clips. It's higher effort
           | garbagisation because someone needs to at least do some low
           | effort video editing.
        
             | echelon wrote:
             | Full video automation is not going to take long. I'm
             | working on systems to automate 100% of video workflows (in
             | a good way).
             | 
             | We recently launched a 24/7 news channel:
             | 
             | https://fakeyou.com/news
        
               | mustacheemperor wrote:
               | I just tried to check out your 24/7 news channel and it
               | is currently a twitch stream of a windows desktop
               | wallpaper.
        
               | mustacheemperor wrote:
               | Working now! Pretty dang cool, too.
        
               | ramphastidae wrote:
               | Doesn't seem to be working?
        
               | EForEndeavour wrote:
               | What do you mean "in a good way"? How do you control
               | whether someone using your video workflow automation uses
               | it for good (whatever that is) or not?
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | How does Adobe assure this? Or any tool maker?
               | 
               | Email has problems, yet the good and productive uses
               | vastly outweigh the bad actors. The vast majority of
               | systems humans use have benefit, otherwise they would be
               | unwound by governments (eg. crypto).
               | 
               | People want to be creative more than they want to be
               | destructive. The destroyers will be moderated, just as
               | they are in every system.
               | 
               | I want a world where every kid can make their own Star
               | Wars or Princess Mononoke and create more than Scorsese's
               | entire career within a single year.
        
               | 91bananas wrote:
               | Most of the rest of us don't.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | "ought to be enough for anybody"
               | 
               | If things stay the same as ever, this life will have been
               | boring. I'm not cut out for another twenty years of
               | smartphone incrementalism.
               | 
               | Fuck the status quo. I don't live for "same". Everything
               | in the world as it exists isn't enough.
               | 
               | The future could be the most exciting thing if we dream
               | and build it.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | barneygale wrote:
               | Have you considered a career in subsistence farming?
               | You're likely to be less damaging to the world.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | I'm a filmmaker and love the arts more than you'll know.
               | You're being incredibly sour, and I guarantee you that
               | acting the way you do toward other humans (and yourself)
               | subtracts way more from the universe.
               | 
               | I feel sorry for you.
        
               | maxbond wrote:
               | People who don't like your view of the future aren't
               | "antiprogress" or "pro status quo," while you are
               | imagining a little kid enabled to be creative and making
               | lots of great stuff, others are imagining being inundated
               | with targeted ads featuring their loved ones (and
               | inevitably hurting people by showing them recently
               | deceased loved ones, like when Facebook used to say, "you
               | haven't spoken to this person in a while, why don't you
               | send your dead friend a message?"), movies that go
               | nowhere and mean nothing but are barely engaging enough
               | that people watch them (AI is great at discovering
               | solutions that satisfy the objective function while
               | undermining the objective, eg, creating content that
               | keeps you engaged but is devoid of substance), and
               | deepfake misinformation masquerading as news.
               | 
               | You're imagining inventing a car and feeling the wind in
               | your hair on the open road, others are imagining being
               | stuck in traffic and cities becoming more and more
               | dominated by parking lots. You're criticizing them for a
               | lack of vision, but that's not correct; they're peering
               | into the same future, and seeing something different.
               | 
               | That doesn't make them "antiprogress," they're critics
               | with concerns that would be worth engaging with instead
               | of dismissing. If you care about this project and you
               | want to make the best version of it - ask them why they
               | think that way instead of responding to the version of
               | their concerns which is in your head, and then give some
               | thought to how you could address it.
               | 
               | (I'm ambivalent leaning towards skeptical, so not much
               | much of a dog in the race, trying to bridge a
               | miscommunication.)
        
               | hyperdimension wrote:
               | I like your analysis. I think you could generalize it to
               | any (even more-hotly) debated topic. People can hear the
               | same thing and imagine two (or more) very different
               | things by virtue of life experience, upbringing, morals,
               | or any number of factors that make us unique.
               | 
               | I don't think that's a bad thing. It's a good perspective
               | to keep in mind when disagreeing with someone though.
        
               | qwytw wrote:
               | Your future sounds pretty dystopian and very lonely
               | though....
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | I imagine factory workers and butter churners said the
               | same.
               | 
               | You know what really sucks? How labor intensive and
               | capital intensive filmmaking is. How hard it is to make
               | it into the field. How almost impossible it is to lead a
               | production.
               | 
               | Think about all of the great ideas that wither on the
               | vine because the Hollywood studio system only has so much
               | capital and can only back so many projects.
               | 
               | Think about how many months and years go into a single
               | film, and how few of them succeed.
               | 
               | Think about the opportunity cost of learning a creative
               | skill - locking you out of all the other skills you could
               | use to build your vision.
               | 
               | When the cost structures drop, people will be more
               | creative and more cooperative. The long tail will be all
               | of us.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Think about all of the great ideas that wither on the
               | vine because the Hollywood studio system only has so much
               | capital and can only back so many projects.
               | 
               | Very few; great ideas mostly happen outside of the
               | Hollywood studio system, which is largely about expensive
               | packaging of low-risk ideas, not great ones.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | > Very few
               | 
               | Allow me to point to the thousands of creatives trying to
               | cut it that cannot break in. I've met perhaps over a
               | hundred of them personally. I, myself, am one of these
               | people.
               | 
               | > which is largely about expensive packaging of low-risk
               | ideas, not great ones.
               | 
               | The market serves different segments and there's a lot of
               | intelligence built around vehicles of all types, shapes,
               | and sizes. I don't think Hollywood is stupid at all. I
               | think it's simply a small local optima when we're about
               | to jump the peak to a new Mt. Everest.
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Allow me to point to the thousands of creatives trying
               | to cut it that cannot break in.
               | 
               | I'm not saying great ideas don't fail to get realized.
               | 
               | I'm saying that the Hollywood systen is actively hostile
               | to great ideas, so that the _reason_ greay ideas fail to
               | get realized is not the limited resources within the
               | Hollywood system, which is more inclined to crush great
               | ideas than to realize them with whatever resources it
               | has.
               | 
               | (Limited money _outside_ the Hollywood system might be a
               | problem, though.)
               | 
               | > I don't think Hollywood is stupid at all.
               | 
               | I didn't say anything about its intelligence, merely its
               | function, it is _far_ from stupid.
        
               | ryandrake wrote:
               | I like this vision of the future of entertainment,
               | honestly.
               | 
               | I like Star Trek the Next Generation... a lot! It was on
               | when I was a teenager, and I like it because it's
               | nostalgic and actually a pretty wholesome show compared
               | to a lot of the shit that gets produced today. I'd love
               | to see more than the existing 7 seasons, but they'll
               | never make any more of them. It would be incredible if I
               | could just ask my PC "Generate a new Star Trek TNG
               | episode with the original actors and a believable, good
               | story". I could watch a new one every week forever if I
               | wanted! At the speed technology is moving, I expect we
               | might see that in my lifetime.
               | 
               | We all saw the cheesy "infinite Seinfeld generator" a few
               | weeks ago. That's v0.1. The technology will inevitably
               | get better--in fact the only thing that could torpedo a
               | realistic "infinite nostalgic TV show generator" are the
               | copyright goons trying to hold it back.
        
               | jeffwask wrote:
               | > I want a world where every kid can make their own Star
               | Wars or Princess Mononoke and create more than Scorsese's
               | entire career within a single year.
               | 
               | Rad goal. Good luck as someone who consumes more YouTube
               | than mainstream content. I'm all for unlocking the
               | potential of creators.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | That's all well and good, but the question still stands
               | -- what do you mean by "in a good way"? What
               | differentiates a "good way" from a "bad way"?
        
               | xboxnolifes wrote:
               | Full video automation has been done for years. There is
               | one infamous channel that automatically scrapes stack
               | overflow posts and makes video versions of the questions.
        
               | echelon wrote:
               | Yeah, well, now we need to make it good.
               | 
               | I want to put mocap and editing into this. Humans can
               | tweak high level knobs, then dive into specifics.
        
           | xhkkffbf wrote:
           | Ah, I've been seeing more and more videos that were clearly
           | tossed together by some algorithm using a synthetic voice.
           | The text may even be largely written by an AI and then
           | proofed by a human. They use the same clips again and again,
           | almost in rotation.
           | 
           | I think they're slowly going to drown out the good producers.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | Those synthetic voices drive me insane. Nothing makes me
             | stop watching a video faster.
        
               | arcticfox wrote:
               | The TikTok woman voice is so grating it's oddly
               | fascinating. It might be the most annoying voice I've
               | ever heard but yet...
               | 
               | edit: TIL it's a real person and she (can) sound exactly
               | like the TTS version... I'm cracking up listening to her.
               | Thank goodness it's something she can turn on and off.
        
           | rchaud wrote:
           | YouTube was the home of AI-generated cartoon videos for kids.
           | Remember the whole uproar about "Elsagate"? That was more
           | than 5 years ago!
           | 
           | When you say "SEO crap", you mean text search. But the world
           | is much bigger than text search today, lots of people use YT
           | as a search engine. Because of that, the "Front Page" of
           | Youtube looks like dumpster fire of the worst clickbait you
           | can imagine.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | I don't mean to put words in his mouth, but when he said
             | "SEO crap", I think he meant "scummy marketing crap", not
             | SEO specifically.
        
               | dageshi wrote:
               | Yeah basically. If people are watching AI stuff for
               | entertainment, I don't really care or particularly think
               | it's a problem. My issue is the impossibility of finding
               | good information on any kind of paid products or services
               | on the web.
               | 
               | Youtube genuinely does a better job on that and I think
               | it'll be quite a bit harder for AI generated video to
               | game it, if nothing else the sub count on the channel and
               | the comment section (or its status as disabled) will be
               | indicators.
        
         | make3 wrote:
         | I feel like one of the only ways Youtube can be profitable is
         | by having integration and being a first class citizen Google
         | cloud's infrastructure & tech.
        
         | cm277 wrote:
         | Well, let's start with the idea of "I wish I could invest in
         | YouTube without investing in the rest of it". Why not? YouTube
         | is a more focused brand, with a world-beating product that's
         | already active in multiple high-growth verticals
         | (entertainment, shorts/vertical video, education, conspiracy
         | theories). As the article says it can compete against both
         | Netflix and TikTok (and probably Udemy, etc.). Aren't these
         | high-growth areas worth investing in? aren't they _more_ high-
         | growth than whatever Google is doing this week? (I don 't know,
         | streaming video games to a watch and a new chat application
         | probably).
         | 
         | And if you are investing in these areas and this is your only
         | business isn't this "focus" all of a sudden important? (so you
         | can actually compete in these businesses and potentially grow
         | the business more?).
         | 
         | I for one like the idea --as well as I think Google needs to be
         | broken up ten years ago. YouTube has scale, a good brand and
         | would probably gain by being _less_ Googley --i.e. iterative
         | and consumer-focused. Not just YouTube, but the internet would
         | be better off with a more focused YouTube (that also has less
         | of your personal data as a bonus).
        
           | ketzo wrote:
           | You're not _wrong_ to say it, but describing conspiracy
           | theories as a  "high-growth vertical" kinda makes my stomach
           | hurt
        
           | jfengel wrote:
           | Is Alphabet lacking cash? Unless a spun-off YouTube were to
           | issue more stock, they don't really care what investors would
           | like.
           | 
           | If Alphabet needs money for YouTube investment they can issue
           | more Alphabet stock, and investors can take that deal or not.
           | But I doubt that Alphabet's challenges involve cash flow.
           | 
           | It might well be better for the world if Alphabet weren't a
           | conglomerate. But it seems unlikely that it's better for
           | them.
        
             | jpadkins wrote:
             | Alphabet cash on hand for 2022 was $113.762B, a 18.54%
             | decline from 2021.
        
               | insane_dreamer wrote:
               | _Only_ $113B? Ouch.
               | 
               | /s
        
           | cmeacham98 wrote:
           | > Well, let's start with the idea of "I wish I could invest
           | in YouTube without investing in the rest of it". Why not?
           | 
           | The preceding parts of the comment literally explain why not.
        
             | ok_dad wrote:
             | "Because it's hard" is no answer.
        
         | bloodyplonker22 wrote:
         | Additionally, it's not quite right when the author compares
         | YouTube to TikTok as direct competitors. I have used YouTube to
         | learn an insanely great amount of new things which range from
         | programming to car and home repairs. You cannot do this on
         | TikTok.
        
         | heisenbit wrote:
         | > They would need to fork it and staff all of these teams
         | 
         | I think the worst would be having to split the customer base.
         | Their sales costs would increase a lot and they would loose
         | pricing power. On the social networking front turn a leader
         | into a me-too. This article confuses what these businesses seem
         | on the surface (search+video) and what they really are (selling
         | ads, keeping track of customer identities to do the same).
        
         | madrox wrote:
         | I'm reminded by calls for Apple to buy Nintendo. It focuses on
         | a very specific upside while ignoring or hand-waving away all
         | the challenges that would likely kill what makes these
         | companies work.
        
           | sircastor wrote:
           | I see the same kind of thing for Apple to buy Disney. In the
           | abstract, the money and some shared goals make sense, but the
           | reality would be a very challenging struggle to combine two
           | ideologically different companies.
        
       | theknocker wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | pclmulqdq wrote:
       | It's time for antitrust to hit Meta, Alphabet, and Amazon. At the
       | very least.
       | 
       | Amazon: AWS is one of the most valuable businesses ever created.
       | You don't need the retail arm any more, now that it is enshitting
       | itself. Also spin off the media company, comprising Audible and
       | prime video, to make a Disney competitor. Amazon would absolutely
       | be more valuable broken up.
       | 
       | Meta: Meta has always run 3 separate products either way.
       | Spinning off the loser (Facebook), and the non-social networking
       | product (WhatsApp) would let Instagram grow wings against TikTok.
       | 
       | Google: Search, YouTube, ads, and technical infrastructure
       | (cloud) can all easily be separated, and Search and YouTube could
       | likely command an even bigger premium by treating other ad
       | networks as first-class citizens. Google ads could get a lot more
       | business too when they are not tied to other products (those
       | products might compete with yours, driving you away from Google
       | ads).
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | Last I read, which was a couple of years ago, after Google
         | search, YouTube is the next most searched "search engine". It
         | serves ads. Is it really, from Google's POV that different than
         | it's core business?
         | 
         | That aside, as we know now, Google wasted it's time with Plus.
         | Instead it should have fleshed out YT's social aspects. While
         | that's easy to say in retrospect, it's still not a bad idea if
         | Google wanted to "social media" product.
        
         | nubinetwork wrote:
         | > Also spin off the media company, comprising Audible and prime
         | video
         | 
         | And twitch.
        
           | walthamstow wrote:
           | MGM too? Or are they owned by Amazon in a different way?
        
         | swarnie wrote:
         | ? Meta: Meta has always run 3 separate products either way.
         | Spinning off the loser (Facebook), and the non-social
         | networking product (WhatsApp) would let Instagram grow wings
         | against TikTok.
         | 
         | Three products which share data. I don't care what the law
         | says, or what they tell a select/congress committee, nothing
         | will convince me otherwise.
        
         | paganel wrote:
         | Not combatting the merits of those break-ups, of which I agree,
         | just wanted to point out that WhatsApp is a social media
         | product at this point, because all the relevant social group
         | interactions have moved there from Facebook the website/the
         | app.
        
           | the_af wrote:
           | What do you mean?
           | 
           | Just as anecdote, I don't have whatsapp groups for my fb
           | groups. My whatsapp and fb worlds are entirely disconnected.
           | People in groups from fb often promote Discord (which I don't
           | like: real time chatting with strangers feels odd to me).
           | 
           | Facebook is aggressively promoting its own chat for groups,
           | spamming it violently and so I'm forced to unsubscribe/ignore
           | lots of chat groups now. Do people really need yet another
           | chat platform?
        
             | paganel wrote:
             | > ust as anecdote, I don't have whatsapp groups for my fb
             | groups
             | 
             | Exactly that, that the personal updates for close friends
             | and family that we used to post on FB are now posted on
             | several dedicated WhatsApp groups. Yes, that means that
             | that former highschool colleague who you'd met once in the
             | last 20 years won't get to see them, but it's still social.
             | 
             | > Facebook is aggressively promoting its own chat for
             | groups,
             | 
             | Could be, but the WhatsApp interface when it comes to group
             | chats is way nicer and more intuitive (especially when it
             | comes to sharing photos).
        
         | rvz wrote:
         | and Microsoft.
        
         | AlchemistCamp wrote:
         | Amazon doesn't have close to a monopoly with AWS, Prime Video
         | or even its ecommerce.
         | 
         | What possible anti-trust rationale would there be to forcibly
         | break up the company?
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | rcme wrote:
         | I used to support breaking up Meta, Google, and Amazon. Their
         | market positions are pretty dominant, but not unassailable.
         | Facebook barely avoided Snap eating their lunch with stories
         | and now looks to be in a losing position against TikTok. Google
         | vs. LLMs will be interesting to see play out. Amazon... is
         | still in a very strong position.
        
         | capitalsigma wrote:
         | It's unclear to me how making these divisions dramatically
         | increase their infrastructure costs (by either pulling them in-
         | house or paying a premium to the original parent company) will
         | "help them compete"
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | Are you sure that they will dramatically increase
           | infrastructure costs? Large companies get amazing deals from
           | clouds, and this is no exception to that rule. Their
           | infrastructure costs might actually decrease because the
           | clouds will have to compete for their business.
        
             | jasode wrote:
             | _> Are you sure that they will dramatically increase
             | infrastructure costs? [...] Their infrastructure costs
             | might actually decrease because the clouds will have to
             | compete for their business._
             | 
             | Maybe theoretically possible but I have doubts.
             | 
             | As Youtube's founding was February 2005, they now have _18
             | years_ (i.e. _exabytes_ ) of videos stored on Google's
             | datacenters. Exporting all that to a competitor like AWS
             | (even with mass Snowmobile transfer service) probably
             | wouldn't make financial sense.
             | 
             | I worked on a corporate spin-out from a petroleum company
             | and there was months of back & forth negotiation for "IT
             | infrastructure services pricing" from the ex-parent
             | company. The new spin out company was definitely not
             | getting a deal from the ex-parent company and switching to
             | other datacenter competitors wasn't realistic because the
             | ex-parent already had all the data and the existing IT
             | staff expertise to run-&-maintain the spin-off's
             | proprietary systems. (E.g. think Lotus Notes custom
             | programming workflows).
             | 
             | Google could realistically raise their infrastructure
             | prices to an independent Youtube spinoff but that higher
             | cost is still less than switching to Azure or AWS.
        
           | Scarblac wrote:
           | It will help _their competitors_ compete, which would
           | presumably be the point of antitrust action.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > Meta: Meta has always run 3 separate products either way.
         | Spinning off the loser (Facebook), and the non-social
         | networking product (WhatsApp)
         | 
         | You don't think of it as a social networking product, but it is
         | used as such. I consider Discord social media, and WhatsApp is
         | honestly a text only Discord competitor in the grand scheme of
         | things, all the group chats are reminiscent of Discord servers,
         | but for people who dont care about all that Discord has to
         | offer, even if they never heard of Discord. I would absolutely
         | include chat platforms under social media.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | I've never thought of WhatsApp as a social networking
           | product. For me, it's just an SMS replacement necessary to
           | talk to my friends outside of the US.
           | 
           | Not saying my perspective is correct, but I think of a
           | "social networking" product as one where I'm talking to
           | groups of people. That's not how I use WhatsApp. That's
           | always 1-on-1 conversations with people I know in the real
           | world.
        
             | giancarlostoro wrote:
             | For some people it is all the social media they get. People
             | share memes, and pictures, and live updates.
        
         | cptskippy wrote:
         | Why wasn't Microsoft included in this list? They have more
         | overlap with Amazon and Google then Meta does.
        
         | jxf wrote:
         | Facebook is practically a utility company at this point. The
         | number of businesses whose only online presence is
         | Facebook/Instagram is significant.
        
         | kevinmchugh wrote:
         | If I was an antitrust regulator worried about Disney's
         | dominance, I would just make them sell star wars and/or avatar
         | so they don't own three sci-fi mega franchises. I'd also
         | consider Pixar and Hulu. Why do things to Amazon in service of
         | sapping Disney's power?
        
         | psychlops wrote:
         | Globalization is at odds with national level anti-trust. The
         | past has shown that international companies supported by their
         | governments would eat away at the smaller US companies.
        
           | pclmulqdq wrote:
           | I think this is the big reason that the US hasn't taken
           | action against these companies. They view them as strategic,
           | and want to keep a very friendly relationship.
        
             | msabalau wrote:
             | In this case, treating the "US" as if "they" have a
             | consistent, considered view that drives all their actions
             | seems a little odd and vaguely conspiratorial. After all,
             | it has been well reported that US politicians on both sides
             | of the aisle are looking to put investigative scrutiny on
             | big tech in the year ahead. And US regulators were broadly
             | underutilizing antitrust tools across the board in the
             | past, not just for big tech. That also seems to be
             | changing.
             | 
             | Sure, the US pursues strategies related industrial policy
             | and national security. The CHIPS act or the Inflation
             | Reduction Act are examples.
             | 
             | But you don't need a "big reason" why to explain why US
             | companies like these tech firms have been underregulated.
             | It isn't isn't some mystery, it is just (unfortunately)
             | normal. If US firms are grossly underregulated and under-
             | punished for simple stuff like wage theft, you don't need
             | to invoke strategy to explain why big tech has gotten away
             | with anticompetitive stuff in the past.
        
         | kryptiskt wrote:
         | Privacy will be impossible as long as platform owners are in
         | the ad business so the most important thing for me is to
         | separate Android and Chrome from Google's ad business. For the
         | same reason Apple and Microsoft should be forced to choose
         | between being in the phone/computer or ad business.
         | 
         | I don't care too much about Facebook, no doubt they are capable
         | of failing on their own.
        
           | JustLurking2022 wrote:
           | You should read up about DMA coming out of the EU. Privacy is
           | possible even in a conglomerate.
        
           | Dalewyn wrote:
           | I wouldn't even mind ads in Windows, objectively speaking, if
           | Microsoft were to just give it out for free (as in no
           | activation required).
           | 
           | What sucks about Microsoft and ads right now is they sell you
           | a product and then also drown you in ads. Either I pay cold
           | hard cash or they give me ads, but not both; they shouldn't
           | get to double dip.
        
         | adrr wrote:
         | Hitting companies with antitrust when consumers have is a
         | terrible idea. Antitrust laws were made to prevent monopolies
         | giving consumers choice and preventing them from getting
         | screwed.
         | 
         | Amazon is e-commerce, i have multiple choices to shop on web.
         | Amazon has even benefited the consumer by forcing retailers
         | speed up shipping. For cloud hosting, there are alternatives to
         | AWS. There's healthy competition in both fields.
         | 
         | Meta the consumer is the advertiser. They are the ones spending
         | the money. For advertising, there are different channel and
         | mediums. You could buy billboard ads, tv/radio ads, direct mail
         | etc. Competition is very healthy.
         | 
         | Google the same thing. The consumer are advertisers. Thats the
         | market.
         | 
         | Lets compare major anti-trust actions. Standard oil was the
         | pretty much the sole source of oil in the US. Consumers had no
         | choice. ATT another major antitrust case where there was just
         | one telecom company in the US. Kodak where they were controlled
         | all the film market.
        
         | geoduck14 wrote:
         | None of these are reasons for an antitrust case
        
         | kyrra wrote:
         | Google side: from maybe a business idea, you could have it
         | work. But from a technical perspective, it would be near
         | impossible without years of engineering effort. Google has a
         | ton of core internal infra that is shared between all the
         | business units at Google. The only reason this is feasible is
         | that the cost of running it is shared between the units.
         | 
         | (Googler opinions are my own).
        
           | drdec wrote:
           | Sounds like the internal infrastructure should also be spun
           | off into it's own company with the other baby Googles as
           | customers!
           | 
           | (sarcasm, in case Poe's Law has you down)
        
           | zeckalpha wrote:
           | Call it a discontinued tier of GCP that only has a handful of
           | customers, and things could more or less stay the same.
        
           | hnbad wrote:
           | The fun thing about antitrust is that this is entirely
           | Google's problem.
        
             | londons_explore wrote:
             | Op is suggesting this breakup might increase shareholder
             | value. Ie. It would be worth doing even without a
             | government regulator forcing it.
             | 
             | If true, then their internal engineering limitations
             | directly impact how viable the idea is.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | > The only reason this is feasible
           | 
           | I assume by feasible you mean profitable. Which means there
           | is a pricing mismatch then.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | Yeah I'd love to know how this "spinoff" would work. YouTube
           | is an arms-length independent company but Google happens to
           | have deployed dedicated, co-designed accelerators around the
           | world to support their use case?
        
             | pclmulqdq wrote:
             | AWS sells video accelerator machines. GCP could sell access
             | to Argos.
        
         | actuator wrote:
         | IMO Apple should be the biggest target for antitrust right now
         | looking at what they do on their platforms.
        
         | lancesells wrote:
         | > Spinning off the loser (Facebook) I'm not a Facebook user but
         | it's not a loser.
         | 
         | - 2.9B Monthly Users in 2022 - 5.3B People with Internet Access
         | - 55% of the world uses Facebook.
         | 
         | It seems both Instagram and Whatsapp have about ~2B monthly
         | users. And sure, these numbers are juiced but none are losers.
        
         | WaitWaitWha wrote:
         | The online retail portion of amazon.com would not survive such
         | a split [0].
         | 
         | [0]: Most recent Amazon.com, Inc. 10-K
         | https://d18rn0p25nwr6d.cloudfront.net/CIK-0001018724/d2fde7e...
        
         | lm28469 wrote:
         | > Also spin off the media company, comprising Audible and prime
         | video,
         | 
         | Prime video is what they use to get a foot in the door, then
         | they know you'll want to extract as much value as you can from
         | your prime membership, and that's done by buying shit from
         | amazon
        
         | sofixa wrote:
         | > Amazon would absolutely be more valuable broken up
         | 
         | That is total nonsense, completely irrelevant, and true.
         | 
         | Conglomerates being worth less than the sum of all parts is one
         | of the stupidest parts of Wall Street. There is no actual
         | rationale for this besides maybe it being easier to evaluate a
         | company doing only a single thing? Specifically with regards to
         | the examples given - Amazon, Meta, Google - it's the cross-
         | subsidising and reuse of stuff that makes them profitable.
         | Prime video without AWS' cache isn't a great competitor to
         | Disney; YouTube on it's own will have a ruinous infrastructure
         | bill that is subsidised by Google now; WhatsApp doesn't make
         | money so can only survive on someone else's dime, etc. etc.
         | Same goes for traditional conglomerates - of course GE were
         | stronger before they split up into three. What will GE
         | Aerospace do next time there's an air travel downturn like a
         | pandemic? Crash and burn unless it has enough reserves, because
         | it won't have the benefit of being propped up by different
         | businesses that aren't impacted (like say GE HealthCare).
         | Bombardier today are in a much worse spot, focusing only on a
         | minuscule and volatile niche (private jets), but at least in
         | their case it wasn't their choice, Boeing bankrupted them with
         | protectionist tricks.
         | 
         | The real reasons to split them up would be to improve
         | competition and the choice of consumers, not because "idiot
         | investors think 'value' will go up".
        
           | conductr wrote:
           | Would customers pay for Amazon services individually if they
           | were unbundled? I'm guessing there would be significant drop
           | off. Prime Video would implode. Subscription revenue wouldn't
           | be sufficient to fund content and it's a short life from
           | there.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | _> Conglomerates being worth less than the sum of all parts
           | is one of the stupidest parts of Wall Street. There is no
           | actual rationale for this besides maybe it being easier to
           | evaluate a company doing only a single thing?_
           | 
           | One example: some parts of a business need a positive
           | consumer reputation and others don't. When you connect these
           | under the same company you may end up with two business units
           | that are each less valuable than if they were free to take
           | the approach that best suited their business.
           | 
           | For example, an ad company that didn't care much what
           | consumers thought about it would use fingerprinting to
           | personalize ads and it's prevalent in the industry, but
           | Google committed to not doing this. Why? My guess is that a
           | big part was reputation: having an ads division that's
           | tracking users with no opt out is inconsistent with the
           | company-wide policies Google needs to be competitive in
           | consumer markets.
           | 
           | In this case I think the effects are positive, in that the
           | display ads division is closer to what consumers would want
           | than if it were independent, but I think it's pretty likely
           | that spinning DoubleClick back out would increase overall
           | profits.
           | 
           | (I used to work at Google, and here I'm speculating about
           | decisions made several levels above me that I wasn't a part
           | of.)
        
           | SilverBirch wrote:
           | It's pretty wild that your example of a good conglomerate is
           | GE considering GE's a perfect of example of why conglomerates
           | don't work. Gee I sure wish I could invest in that great GE
           | Aerospace division, too bad if I do the jokers over at GE
           | Capital are going to snort half of it and place the rest on
           | black. GE was the notorious exception to conglomerates being
           | terrible right up until it also turned into a massive shit
           | show.
        
         | runako wrote:
         | These hypothetical splits show the perils of having outsiders
         | (including regulators) make decisions like these. Just some
         | quick notes:
         | 
         | > You don't need the retail arm any more [...] spin off the
         | media company, comprising Audible and prime video, to make a
         | Disney competitor
         | 
         | The whole point of the conglomerate model they use (following
         | Costco) is that the membership fee grants consumers access to a
         | bevy of services. The services may not work a la carte.
         | Further, spinning Amazon media to become one of the weakest
         | Disney competitors doesn't obviously enhance competition or
         | consumer welfare in media.
         | 
         | > Spinning off the loser (Facebook), and the non-social
         | networking product (WhatsApp) would let Instagram grow wings
         | against TikTok.
         | 
         | The "loser" (Facebook) generates most of the revenue and profit
         | at Meta.
         | 
         | The Google analysis arrives at a viable conclusion (the ads
         | business could be run as a utility), for the wrong reasons.
         | (For ex: Search/YT would not get a bigger premium by treating
         | as first-class other, weaker, ad networks. The near-monopoly is
         | what drives pricing power and is frequently a reason cited for
         | forcing a hypothetical breakup.)
         | 
         | Anyway, this stuff is not obvious or easy, even assuming people
         | can agree on goals (which is difficult).
        
           | vidarh wrote:
           | > The services may not work a la carte
           | 
           | They don't need to. Prime could still offer Prime Video /
           | Music as a membership perk. But if the media services are
           | independent, maybe it'd turn out offering one or more of the
           | others, or letting customer pick and choose, would end up
           | making more financial sense (FireTV can already be used to
           | subscribe to competing services _in addition_ )
           | 
           | I'm not saying it's necessarily a good idea - I don't have an
           | opinion on that - but the bundling of services does not
           | depend on them being part of the same company.
        
             | runako wrote:
             | This misses the point. A breakup would put Prime Video /
             | Music (are those two even allowed to be in the same
             | company? Why? Who decides?) on the same footing as Hulu or
             | Spotify. This would create independent third-tier players
             | in both markets.
             | 
             | The consumer would likely end up paying more (because Prime
             | Video / Music can't be run at zero or negative margins as
             | part of a bundle; ditto for other media options like
             | Spotify). Further, I'm not sure what goal would be served
             | by doing all of this and increasing costs to the consumer.
        
               | vidarh wrote:
               | Splitting it out as a separate service would not
               | inherently stop Amazon from paying exactly the same
               | amount towards Prime Video as it does today, and would
               | allow the new company to seek additional customers
               | unwilling to pay for the full bundle, so it's not at all
               | a given that prices wouldn't go _down_.
               | 
               | But even assuming that'd not be the case, anti-trust law
               | is in large part aimed at ensuring _competitors_ have
               | fair access to the markets, not minimising costs to
               | consumers. It 's presumed that over time the former will
               | ensure the latter and/or improve service, but it's really
               | a separate issue.
               | 
               | That said, I don't see a compelling anti-trust case for
               | going after Prime Video anyway - there's plenty of
               | competition in that space.
               | 
               | However, there _is_ also another possible cost reduction
               | in forcing _unbundling_ as well for those customers who
               | don 't want Prime Video, but want the other benefits. Not
               | at all convinced it'd be worth it. That's not the part of
               | Amazon that's a competitive issue.
        
           | madeofpalk wrote:
           | > The services may not work a la carte
           | 
           | If the service cannot compete on it's own merits, and is
           | being propped up by an unrelated business, how competetive is
           | it actually?
        
             | rtsil wrote:
             | What if it's not an independent service, merely a perk of
             | the actual service?
             | 
             | Where do we draw the line? Should Apple be asked to spin
             | off iCloud because email, photos, documents should all be
             | independent services?
             | 
             | Note that neither Prime Video nor iCloud are monopolies,
             | which would bring different considerations into the matter.
        
               | orra wrote:
               | Prime Video isn't a monopoly, but Amazon clearly has
               | Significant Market Power when it comes to retail. They're
               | anti-competitively vertically bundling Prime Video along
               | with retail delivery.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | Their largest competitor is Walmart. Walmart's bundle
               | includes video, fuel discounts, from-store delivery,
               | long-haul delivery. Further, the Walmart.com e-commerce
               | site is subsidized by the Walmart bricks & mortar
               | operation.
               | 
               | Businesses are allowed to do more than one thing. I'm not
               | sure when it became popular to try to strip down
               | businesses to a single SKU each, and it's not obvious to
               | me that consumers (or anyone) benefits from pursuit of
               | that goal.
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | Could make a case that local retail is anticompetitive by
               | not incorporating film production cost into a gallon of
               | milk. Or maybe they're anticompetitive because they have
               | physical stores and do not need to bear the burden of
               | labor/vehicle/fuel to deliver each order. I think it's a
               | bit absurd to call in the regulators. Retail is hyper
               | competitive and part of that is they all choose these odd
               | little perks/differentiators to entice customer loyalty.
               | It's a net positive to the consumer.
        
             | tshaddox wrote:
             | I'm a long time paid subscriber to both Amazon Prime and
             | Costco, and I can't say I've ever thought of the services
             | as particularly similar. Maybe that's because I rarely use
             | Costco to buy things online (I've only ordered a few
             | online-only items and one travel package), which is the
             | primary way I use Prime.
             | 
             | Prime certainly feels more like a bundle of unrelated
             | things, with the streaming service, and cloud
             | music/photos/ebooks/etc. stuff no one uses, and whatever
             | Twitch benefits they have now. I guess Costco might
             | actually have some stuff like that, but I'm not aware of
             | anything other than warehouse access, some online shipping
             | benefits, and the travel/car/"Next" shopping.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | No one uses Kindle ebooks?
               | 
               | People may not read books as much as they used to and
               | many still read physical books but lots of people use
               | ebooks.
        
               | tshaddox wrote:
               | I meant "Prime Reading": https://www.amazon.com/kindle-
               | dbs/fd/prime-pr
               | 
               | But I could be wrong about it being rarely used.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | I had forgotten about Prime Reading. It looks a lot like
               | the free digital services a lot of libraries have--not
               | really a whole lot of quality content.
        
             | runako wrote:
             | > the service cannot compete on it's own merits
             | 
             | This is only true if external actors redefine "the service"
             | to be something other than what millions of customers
             | voluntarily purchase (Prime). For example, I subscribe to
             | Prime because I get free/better shipping on goods as well
             | as video. I don't know what % of my subscription fee I
             | would allot to either, but fortunately I don't have to do
             | that.
        
               | mulletbum wrote:
               | Not to mention, these other comments are for Disney.
               | However, Disney is propping their business up with lots
               | of other businesses. If you are going to make Amazon less
               | competitive, you can't leave the giant business next to
               | it in a better position. Disney will just buy it then.
        
               | runevault wrote:
               | Frankly among the not-tech-first companies Disney is the
               | one that should most be targeted. The fact they were
               | allowed to buy LucasFilms and Fox media (minus Fox News
               | and Fox Sports because they already own ABC and ESPN) was
               | so stupid. The year before those purchases the collected
               | movies of those 3 were most of the top movies at the box
               | office.
        
               | danaris wrote:
               | Why, in this hypothetical, would the antitrust bodies see
               | Amazon as needing to be broken up or otherwise restricted
               | to improve competition, but not see _acquisition_ by
               | Disney as being something they should block?
               | 
               | That just doesn't seem internally consistent.
        
               | runako wrote:
               | This is such a great point.
               | 
               | Disney makes a lot of money in theme parks etc.; Walmart
               | makes something like $42B annually in healthcare; Costco
               | sells cars & travel packages; Kroger sells gas (petrol);
               | Apple (also a competitor) makes most of its money selling
               | phones.
               | 
               | Why leave all those businesses intact and target Amazon?
        
             | ericmay wrote:
             | So Google should have to charge money for Chrome?
        
             | CydeWeys wrote:
             | Also the most obvious split would be AWS and then
             | everything else. What does AWS have to do with Prime?
        
               | judge2020 wrote:
               | AWS is only apart of Amazon for shareholder purposes.
               | Even internally, word is that AWS bills all of Amazon's
               | internal businesses similarly to how they bill external
               | customers, so it's not like Amazon is getting super
               | discounted/free hosting out of keeping them under the
               | same unit.
        
               | mkmk3 wrote:
               | I'm poorly informed regarding breakups of this kind, and
               | I don't have the experience/research to assess the infra
               | costs of a streaming service like Prime video. Assuming
               | the hosting costs are a significant portion of their
               | expenditure, what would it look like in a breakup, what
               | kind of deal would they be able to get from the newly
               | spun off AWS?
        
               | runako wrote:
               | > Assuming the hosting costs are a significant portion of
               | their expenditure
               | 
               | I would consider this unlikely, for reasonable
               | definitions of "significant." Costs to license IP and
               | develop content are likely the dominant term in expenses.
               | 
               | > what kind of deal would they be able to get from the
               | newly spun off AWS?
               | 
               | The same as everyone else, or it was a re-org and not a
               | breakup.
        
               | CydeWeys wrote:
               | There are lots of video streaming services that don't
               | operate the bulk of their own infrastructure. They would
               | simply become a customer of GCP, AWS, Azure, whatever.
        
             | jimbokun wrote:
             | It's not so much being propped up, as at achieving better
             | efficiencies. Leveraging the larger organizations compute
             | resources and ads technology makes Youtube more valuable
             | than a stand alone company would be, for example.
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | Who decides what is unrelated or not?
             | 
             | Amazon's whole retail business started by selling paper
             | books. Extending that to kindle and audio books doesn't
             | seem so outrageously "unrelated". Its more of an ecosystem
             | which has legitimate benefits to the consumer. And once you
             | have audio books, music and video doesn't seem like a huge
             | stretch.... etc etc.
             | 
             | Apple is the obvious example of this. Do you think every
             | single service apple offers should be broken into a
             | separate company? Apple pay, apple music, icloud all seem
             | to be "unrelated" but the consumer legitimately benefits
             | from these things being bundled into a cohesive ecosystem.
             | 
             | Breaking these things into individual companies which has
             | to be profitable based on just their one product would lead
             | to higher prices and worse user experience, IMO.
             | 
             | For non-consumer facing products, the case is clearer. AWS
             | / GCP could be split out nicely. The ad networks of meta
             | and google could be independent without hurting the
             | consumer at all.
        
       | AtNightWeCode wrote:
       | Fix the font.
        
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