[HN Gopher] PFAS can suppress white blood cells' ability to dest...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       PFAS can suppress white blood cells' ability to destroy invaders
        
       Author : clouddrover
       Score  : 164 points
       Date   : 2023-02-23 11:04 UTC (11 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (news.ncsu.edu)
 (TXT) w3m dump (news.ncsu.edu)
        
       | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
       | Non-stick cookware can kill pet birds even in other rooms of a
       | house, at normal cooking temperatures. That _should_ have been
       | the canary in the coal mine that they aren 't safe, but everyone
       | except bird owners kept using non-stick cookware.
        
         | nanidin wrote:
         | Anecdata, but I've owned a pet cockatiel for just over 20
         | years. He lives in a cage about 10-15 feet from the kitchen
         | where we have never ceased using nonstick cookware. We're just
         | careful not to let pans overheat, and careful to take the bird
         | to another room when we are using a new pan for the first time.
        
         | zeroonetwothree wrote:
         | I mean chocolate kills various pets too but that doesn't mean
         | it's bad for humans.
        
           | MichaelZuo wrote:
           | It's the 'sugar-free' chocolates with xylitol that are
           | incredibly poisonous to dogs. But harmless to humans,
           | supposedly due to a quirk of biology.
        
             | cwkoss wrote:
             | All chocolate contains PEA which is toxic to dogs
             | proportional to % cocoa.
             | 
             | Xylitol is an additional possible risk.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | I never implied regular chocolates were harmless to dogs?
        
         | myth_drannon wrote:
         | WTF, first time I read about it! I had no idea that's an issue.
        
           | ChickenNugger wrote:
           | The first thing any responsible bird owner will do is get rid
           | of all teflon pans. Even a self cleaning oven will kill them.
           | This has been well known in the bird community for _years_.
           | It 's the very first thing we'll tell a new/prospective bird
           | owner. It's really as bad as "Cook a meal, all the birds in
           | the house die."
        
         | htamas wrote:
         | Is there any source on this? There's an other commenter saying
         | non-stick cookware is actually safe unless you use metal on it
         | or use it on high temperature. I don't know what to believe
         | anymore.
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | https://birdvibes.com/what-kind-of-cookware-is-safe-for-
           | bird...
           | 
           | https://www.thespruceeats.com/is-nonstick-cookware-
           | safe-2246...
           | 
           | https://pets.stackexchange.com/questions/20434/how-why-is-
           | no...
           | 
           | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3276392/
           | 
           | https://www.liquidimageco.com/is-any-non-stick-cookware-
           | safe...
        
           | FooBarWidget wrote:
           | https://www.ad.nl/binnenland/cynthia-verloor-vogels-door-
           | pan...
        
       | codeisawesome wrote:
       | Jumping on this thread! Does Cordura fabric contain PFAS? It's
       | the stuff a lot of tech backpacks are made of!
        
         | snowwrestler wrote:
         | Cordura is a brand name for a way of texturing nylon thread.
         | Nylon is not made from PFAS.
         | 
         | Cordura often has a coating on the back to make it waterproof,
         | usually polyurethane that is sprayed on--also not PFAS.
         | 
         | It may have a DWR treatment on the outside, which makes water
         | bead up and run off. Many DWR treatments are made from, or
         | break down into, PFAS. DWR coatings are far more common on
         | clothes than backpacks, though.
         | 
         | You can test by spraying water on the fabric. If it immediately
         | forms round little drops that roll off, like it can't "touch"
         | the fabric, you've got a DWR treatment. If the water sits flat
         | or starts to soak in a bit, you don't.
        
         | mint2 wrote:
         | If it has a water repellent coating, probably.
         | 
         | If it's part of a gortex thing, yes.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | Since there's nothing we can do at the moment to stop money-
       | grubbing companies from profiting from microplastics at our
       | expense, it looks like donating plasma may reduce PFAS levels in
       | blood by 30% per year:
       | 
       | https://theconversation.com/new-evidence-shows-blood-or-plas...
       | 
       | It also lowers bad cholesterol levels (no affiliation):
       | 
       | https://www.joinparachute.com/blog/benefits-of-donating-plas...
       | 
       | The local plasma center in my city pays $800/mo ($9600/yr) for
       | donating twice per week.
        
         | oramit wrote:
         | Health benefits and it pays pretty well. This is the sort of
         | side hustle that used to be popular on this site :)
        
         | frontman1988 wrote:
         | Blood transfusions from younger people in remote countries
         | where seafood consumption is low can also be a good option.
         | Nepal seems to be a viable choice for anyone considering it.
        
       | joxel wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Stop eating microwave popcorn immediately.
        
       | TZVdosOWs3kZHus wrote:
       | Interestingly today there was the PFAS pollution project [0]
       | present in nationwide news [1] in Germany trying to give an
       | extensive map of polluted spots. Many municipalities, and thus
       | also the population, are unaware of the extent of pollution and
       | its consequences.
       | 
       | [0] https://pfasproject.com/
       | 
       | [1] https://www.tagesschau.de/investigativ/ndr-wdr/pfas-
       | chemikal...
        
       | tristor wrote:
       | Caution aside, speculatively this could mean that the serious
       | issue of PFAS contamination in American water supplies made the
       | pandemic worse than it would have been otherwise. Obviously, even
       | if the effect size is relatively large, this would be smaller
       | than more obvious and direct contributors, but it's not nothing
       | at population scale. It's really disconcerting to me that we
       | spent decades using chemicals in everyday household products that
       | are extremely unsafe in a myriad of ways, without even a warning,
       | and we've effectively semi-permanently poisoned all of the major
       | city water supplies in the US.
        
         | mschuster91 wrote:
         | > Caution aside, speculatively this could mean that the serious
         | issue of PFAS contamination in American water supplies made the
         | pandemic worse than it would have been otherwise.
         | 
         | There's no evidence to support that link - what _is_ provable
         | though is the fierce opposition of the GQP, the far-right and
         | conspiracy preachers to mask mandates and even stuff as basic
         | as vaccines.
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | The article, cautiously, provides some of that evidence.
           | Anything that suppresses the capabilities of the immune
           | system can be deductively reasoned to make pandemics worse.
           | 
           | If you read what I wrote though, you'd realize I'm
           | acknowledging very clearly that other factors played a larger
           | part, without trying to make this a pointlessly political
           | conversation. So, please don't do that, it does not improve
           | the discourse on HN.
        
         | alex_duf wrote:
         | We seem to have the same attitude with all technologies. Be it
         | a social network, a new type of AI, chemicals, fossil fuels or
         | anything else really.
         | 
         | First we release the product because we can make money, then
         | problems appear as adoption ramps up. I find it wonderful we're
         | still around to be honest.
         | 
         | Now balancing progress with safety is something we're going to
         | be debating for a few more centuries because no company can
         | afford a thirty year study on a product to understand its long
         | term effects on a population before production. So we're all
         | the experiment.
        
           | korroziya wrote:
           | Fossil fuels provide us with cheap energy and the drawback
           | (C02 emmissions) can be dealt with via carbon sequestration.
           | 
           | Social media is alcohol for narcissists. It provides very
           | little utility or value, and the drawbacks (depression, FOMO,
           | etc) far outweigh any "benefit".
           | 
           | Don't compare apples and oranges.
        
             | neuronic wrote:
             | Ah yes, the famous carbon sequestration technologies we are
             | efficiently applying all over the world right now which
             | have entirely prevented any effects of climate change.
             | Amazing job everyone! /s
        
               | korroziya wrote:
               | I love how as soon as a technology appears which will
               | allow us to keep using a cheap, dense, portable, reliable
               | form of energy, the left-wing zealots come out of the
               | woodwork to bitch and moan because it goes against their
               | narrative and special interests.
        
               | prottog wrote:
               | Literally billions of lives have been lifted out of
               | poverty due to fossil fuels providing cheap energy. As
               | long as we continue to have an abundance of energy, the
               | effects of climate change will be successfully mitigated.
               | 
               | People love to harp on fossil fuels but don't seem to
               | want to admit that without it, everyone on the planet
               | would still be suffering pre-industrial living standards
               | and there would be vastly fewer of us.
        
             | brigandish wrote:
             | That seems self contradictory as you're telling us this via
             | a social network. If there really is very little utility or
             | value that would suggest your comment to be of the same
             | nature, which should then prompt a question as to why you
             | posted it. Ironically, narcissism could explain that, but
             | the alternative explanation is that there is value there,
             | we just need to be more careful with it than we have been.
        
               | korroziya wrote:
               | >That seems self contradictory as you're telling us this
               | via a social network
               | 
               | HN does not equal TikTok. You don't have an actual
               | argument, you're just buttmad because you don't like the
               | fact that I'm correct.
        
             | alex_duf wrote:
             | Both were produced because there was money to be made, both
             | have at least some negative effect on society.
             | 
             | Granted, the scale of the problems are different, and the
             | axis onto which they act is also different. But I stand by
             | my comparison.
        
             | ericd wrote:
             | If you study sequestration at all, you'll find that it's
             | not going to be a silver bullet. It'll be a small
             | contributor, but reduction to zero is going to have to do
             | most of the heavy lifting.
        
         | goalieca wrote:
         | Everyone wanted a pill to take but the proven answers to
         | reducing adverse outcomes is to reduce air pollution, lose
         | weight, do everything you can to get your heart into shape by
         | sleeping well, eating well, reducing stress, and exercising.
        
           | arcticbull wrote:
           | Diet and exercise do not produce sustained long term weight
           | loss for basically anyone. They fail anywhere from 80-99% of
           | the time. That part is unfortunately bad advice. The only
           | thing that's been shown to do that is fasting, surgery or
           | GLP-1 drugs.
        
             | jagraff wrote:
             | Is fasting not a type of diet?
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Diet generally implies caloric restriction whereas
               | fasting is complete abstention.
               | 
               | There are significant biological differences - for
               | instance, when you restrict calories your metabolism
               | slows down as much as 15-25% over the first three weeks
               | (hence the plateau many dieters experience). Fasting on
               | the other hand raises your metabolic rate up to ~15% for
               | the first 5 days of a water fast. Further, production of
               | HGH is inhibited by consuming any food and while fasting
               | it can increase 3-12X. Autophagy is inhibited by the
               | consumption of any protein (via mTOR).
               | 
               | If you want to treat fasting as the special case diet
               | where input=0, I guess so, but the physiological
               | processes of caloric restriction are quite different than
               | total abstention.
        
           | brodouevencode wrote:
           | *wants
        
           | terminal_d wrote:
           | "The best nootropic is getting up in the morning and getting
           | sunlight. Then you sleep at a reasonable hour and wake up
           | fully rested."
        
       | mo_42 wrote:
       | > The researchers caution that while the results of this
       | preliminary study are interesting, they raise more questions than
       | they answer.
       | 
       | This is true for many studies I see here. So always read
       | carefully.
        
         | melling wrote:
         | Well, we do have this:
         | 
         | "It's pretty well-established that PFAS are toxic to the
         | adaptive immune system"
         | 
         | Certainly the idea of "forever chemicals" seems like a bad
         | idea.
         | 
         | https://www.nbcnews.com/science/science-news/forever-chemica...
        
       | brodouevencode wrote:
       | This is a good site cataloging companies and products that have
       | PFAS-free policies: https://pfascentral.org/pfas-free-products/
        
         | tristor wrote:
         | Unfortunately, some of the candidate replacement chemicals are
         | very likely to be as bad or worse, but because they haven't yet
         | existed long enough for us to see population effects, we seem
         | to be treating them as better until proven otherwise. PFBS and
         | GenX were touted as being better than PFAS and PFOAS, and in
         | fact now have been proven to be as toxic or worse, and the next
         | generation of replacements now being touted are likely as bad
         | (but yet to be studied sufficiently to state this
         | conclusively).
         | 
         | Instead of looking for products that have certain modern
         | conveniences that require these types of chemicals to
         | manufacturer, I think a better path for people who want to
         | avoid exposure is avoiding these types of unnecessary modern
         | conveniences. There's nearly no reason to use a non-stick pan
         | when cooking, there are many techniques to get nearly as
         | effective cleaning and release from pans which are made from
         | cast iron, carbon steel, and stainless steel without the health
         | risks. There's nearly no reason to use spray waterproof
         | coatings on clothing, when you can instead use inherently
         | waterproof layers or buy clothing from natural fibers with
         | tight weaves, or use traditional methods of waterproofing like
         | wax treatments. There's nearly no reason to use almost any
         | product you find in a cosmetic store because you can choose to
         | simply wash your face regularly, use simple moisturizers and
         | sunscreens (although sunscreen is its own chemical minefield),
         | and go through the necessary mental conditioning to accept
         | yourself as you are (which is generally healthy anyway).
         | 
         | I appreciate the link, but I wish people would do a better
         | cost/benefit analysis when weighing modern conveniences that
         | are enabled by disastrous population level and environmental
         | consequences.
        
           | lumb63 wrote:
           | If you've not read it, you might be interested in The
           | Technological Society. The author says, we ought not ask only
           | "what's the benefit?", but also "at what cost?"
           | 
           | In the past three years or so, I've been making more and more
           | conscious decisions to avoid conveniences and do things a
           | more traditional way, because they work, and with more known
           | side effects.
        
             | BoxOfRain wrote:
             | I wonder if there's a more formalised system of thought
             | that amounts to 'only use what technology you actually need
             | to achieve a goal' or 'use the lowest-tech solution that
             | reasonably meets your needs'? Not exactly outright Luddism
             | but a general reduction in eagerness to adopt new stuff
             | unless you absolutely need to. I guess HN of all places
             | isn't really the natural home for such a philosophy!
        
         | germinalphrase wrote:
         | A lot of caveats on that list.
        
       | matt123456789 wrote:
       | PFAS is nasty, nasty, nasty stuff. There is no safe level in the
       | human body. It is toxic in the single-digit parts per _trillion_.
       | And yet, we allow them to be added in massive quantities to our
       | cookware, dental floss, and clothing. EPA is currently in the
       | process of collecting feedback for its PFAS regulation. Attend a
       | meeting and tell them to ban this nasty toxic garbage.
       | 
       | https://www.epa.gov/pfas
       | 
       | "Oh boo hoo I have to scrub my stainless steel pan a little
       | harder cause I don't have a Teflon pan any more." You know what,
       | when you don't die of cancer at 60 due to lifelong PFAS exposure,
       | you'll thank me.
       | 
       | PFAS is the tobacco of our time, with deep-pocketed industry
       | interests lobbying hard and spreading FUD about the risks. Let me
       | be extremely clear on this point: It is toxic as hell and it will
       | kill you dead in horrible, horrible ways.
        
         | ikekkdcjkfke wrote:
         | What's it's mechanism of action? Does it bind to something or
         | just floats around f*cking everything up unhindered
        
         | Arete314159 wrote:
         | Note that even very expensive places can have this. e.g. Dublin
         | / San Ramon in the Bay Area:
         | https://www.ewg.org/tapwater/system.php?pws=CA0110009
         | 
         | Whenever I consider a town to live in, I google {town name} +
         | {ewg}. The Environmental Working Group has water analysis for
         | pretty much the entire country. Eye opening and terrifying.
        
         | photochemsyn wrote:
         | Overall it does look like this class of chemicals should be
         | entirely phased out, although finding materials with similar
         | capabilities might be a bit of a challenge. Carbon fiber
         | perhaps?
         | 
         | https://greensciencepolicy.org/our-work/science-policy/madri...
         | 
         | https://www.nrdc.org/experts/anna-reade/epa-finds-replacemen...
         | 
         | > "The EPA report confirmed that GenX is associated with
         | harmful effects on the kidney, blood, immune system, liver and
         | development. The EPA also linked it to an elevated risk of
         | cancer (suggestive evidence of carcinogenic potential). EPA's
         | proposed health threshold, called a reference dose, for GenX is
         | in the same range as EPA's reference dose for PFOA (0.00008
         | mg/kg/day for GenX versus 0.00002 mg/kg/day for PFOA)."
         | 
         | The plastics industry is producing dishonest PR material on
         | this issue - this one is from a site run by "The Plastics
         | Industry Association", claiming that GenX and other
         | 'alternatives' don't have the same health issues:
         | 
         | > "After the removal of PFOA and PFOS, companies developed
         | alternatives to these long-chain fluorinated substances that
         | perform the same tasks without the same environmental or public
         | health risks. All of these replacements are safe to use
         | according to governmental agencies like the Food and Drug
         | Administration (FDA) and the EPA."
        
         | bioemerl wrote:
         | > Oh boo hoo I have to scrub my stainless steel pan a little
         | harder cause I don't have a Teflon pan any more
         | 
         | Please, everyone, try cast iron. It's amazing.
        
           | alex_duf wrote:
           | I heard carbon steel was good middle ground, anyone tried?
        
             | yesimahuman wrote:
             | I'd recommend stainless for the average cook. Carbon steel
             | requires more maintenance and clearly the general public
             | doesn't want to do that. Stainless is awesome except
             | perfectly slidey eggs require a bit more effort and that's
             | the trump card a lot of people use, unfortunately.
        
               | filoeleven wrote:
               | I'm looking for a new pan and leaning towards stainless.
               | I cook a lot of eggs. Friends of mine who also cook a lot
               | of eggs use them with no problem.
               | 
               | From what they say and what I've read, including in this
               | thread, the "bit more effort" needed is simply to make
               | sure that the pan is at the right temperature before
               | adding oil/butter and eggs. This is testable using
               | Leidenfrost effect on a water droplet. The eggs should
               | also be taken out from the fridge 10 minutes before
               | cooking.
               | 
               | If that's all there is to it, I'm sold.
        
               | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
               | Watch Julia Child's videos on cooking omelettes. The
               | technique works in every kind of pan and the eggs are
               | always super slidey. That's what I love about learning
               | more about cooking... there's always some alternate
               | method to get what you want. (Julia's stuff is always
               | great because she would spend weeks just to figure out
               | the best way for the _home cook_ to cook something)
        
               | yesimahuman wrote:
               | I don't bother with the eggs out of the fridge bit but
               | yea, just get it to the right temp and use enough oil and
               | they come out great
        
             | amluto wrote:
             | I want a multilayered pan: magnetic stainless steel on the
             | bottom, then aluminum, then carbon steel. Basically a
             | modern high quality stainless steel pan but with the top
             | layer being carbon steel instead.
             | 
             | This ought to combine the lower weight and superior heat
             | distribution of a multilayered pan with a seasonable
             | cooking surface.
        
             | ceejayoz wrote:
             | Most of the benefits, much lighter weight. Highly recommend
             | having one or two in your inventory. Serious Eats has a
             | good review of options: https://www.seriouseats.com/best-
             | carbon-steel-pans-7093873 (as well as seasoning guides and
             | an overview)
        
               | dylan604 wrote:
               | >Highly recommend having one or two in your inventory
               | 
               | I love how this comment implies that the average
               | household will have more than 2 pans/skillets in their
               | inventory let alone one or two of a specific type.
        
               | ceejayoz wrote:
               | If you're a chef with a bunch of pans, one or two of them
               | probably should be carbon steel.
               | 
               | If you're someone with one or two pans total, you should
               | probably replace the one or two of those that's likely
               | Teflon with one or two carbon steel ones.
        
             | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
             | Carbon steel will rust quicker, it's still susceptible to
             | seasoning breakdown from acidic foods, and it's more
             | expensive, but it's lighter so it's easier to sautee with.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Unlike a lot of other materials there's not that much
               | difference between high and low quality carbon steel
               | pans. Even the good ones don't hold much heat and tend to
               | warp, it's just part of how they are.
               | 
               | They're pricey because they're out of mainstream favor
               | and are kind of an online cooking fad niche thing right
               | now. The main producers are venerable european ones with
               | their own particular markets.
               | 
               | But if you have a local dollar store type thing catering
               | to an immigrant community from like west africa,
               | southeast asia, south america, you can probably snag a
               | carbon steel pan for like $12. It may be a wok or comal
               | or some other slightly unfamiliar format but it'll work
               | fine.
        
               | com2kid wrote:
               | > Even the good ones don't hold much heat and tend to
               | warp,
               | 
               | They hold more heat than non-stick coated aluminum pans!
               | 
               | But yeah do they warp, I have an induction stovetop and
               | my fancy carbon steel wok got warped after just a couple
               | uses.
        
             | LazyMans wrote:
             | You reminded me I need to buy one. I cook on cast and
             | stainless. My friend swears by carbon steel.
        
           | yamtaddle wrote:
           | I'm never, ever, ever going to be able to convince my wife
           | cast iron is any good. This is because we have cast iron
           | pans, and she's tried to use them, and finds them entirely
           | terrible. Yes, we've done all the fiddly seasoning and such.
           | _I 'll_ cook in them, but she hates the things.
           | 
           | Tiny chance I'll be able to convert her to stainless for most
           | things, but we're never not going to have one teflon pan for
           | eggs and crepes and such.
        
             | bioemerl wrote:
             | I got a pre seasoned one and beyond the care to make sure
             | it doesn't rust it seems identical to Teflon to me. Lodge,
             | got it from Walmart.
        
             | aosmond wrote:
             | How about ceramic pans?
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | You mean enameled cast iron? We've got a big pot like
               | that, great for things that need to go in the oven, not
               | just on the stovetop, but it's damned heavy so I don't
               | tend to use it unless I have to.
               | 
               | [EDIT] Oh, googling, yes, we do also have a ceramic-
               | coated steel(?) fry pan still kicking around, though I
               | almost never use it because the non-stick was never great
               | and got worse fast. Teflon better if I need non-stick,
               | stainless better if I don't and also don't want to have
               | to baby the pan.
        
             | earthling8118 wrote:
             | Stainless steel just really isn't the same thing or used
             | for the same purpose. It is an important type to have
             | available but I wouldn't cook eggs in them for example.
             | Better to use a carbon steel or cast iron so I can just
             | cook in it and not worry about stickage.
        
             | Workaccount2 wrote:
             | I use both, I have a cast iron, a carbon steel, and a non-
             | stick.
             | 
             | The truth is that the non-stick is the most non-stick of
             | the bunch when compared across all things you could cook in
             | a pan. Sometimes I just want to reheat my pasta quickly and
             | uses a quick splash of water and a paper towel to totally
             | clean the pan.
             | 
             | I am a total nazi though about making sure metal never
             | touches the non-stick. It always gets cleaned and put away
             | in its special spot immediately after using it.
        
             | insanitybit wrote:
             | Could I ask why she has an issue? I've heard some people
             | have had problems with them but as someone who was born and
             | raised on cast iron I've never really understood.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | More care & technique required while cooking to keep
               | things from sticking or burning, the seasoning and iron
               | itself flavors acidic foods so the pans aren't as nearly-
               | universally-useful as teflon, can't put them in the dish
               | washer, cleaning in general becomes a kind of balancing
               | act between leaving soon-to-be-rancid fat on the pan
               | (which will flavor your next dish) and stripping the
               | seasoning (you can't just clean _everything_ off,
               | completely, like you can with teflon or stainless).
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | It's really not nearly as bad as you've made it out. Put
               | some salt in the pan, rub it down, apply a thin layer of
               | oil and good to go. Is not some occult ritual.
        
               | bioemerl wrote:
               | You don't even need that. Soap and water work fine.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Yeah soap is fine, I like the salt for abrasion.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | My pans and experience disagree, but OK. Sometimes that's
               | true, sure, but getting a stuck-on mess off them is worse
               | and more fiddly than other pans.
               | 
               | Recall, I _do_ use cast iron, my wife 's the one who
               | finds it to be too much.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | If it comes off easily in cleaning, it's not seasoning.
               | It's much easier to clean or cook on cast iron than
               | Teflon for that reason -- nothing short of power tools or
               | an axe will render it unusable the way you can do with
               | Teflon.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | If this were as true as cast iron fans claim, teflon
               | wouldn't have dominated home kitchens for decades, I
               | expect.
               | 
               | I do cook on cast iron, but even the absolute very best
               | cast iron pan I've ever cooked on (not mine--I get the
               | cheap stuff, this was one of those perfectly-smooth
               | beautiful hundred-plus-year-old pieces that'd been cared
               | for quite well and was seasoned better than I've ever
               | managed to get any of mine, despite trying every method
               | that can be found online) wasn't as easy to cook on or to
               | clean as teflon.
               | 
               | They beat teflon at searing and toasting (e.g. nuts or
               | whole spices), mostly because teflon can't safely be
               | heated to temps needed for those, but anything else? Very
               | best case I've ever experienced, _almost_ as easy to cook
               | with and clean as teflon, worst case, way, way worse.
               | Plus you 've gotta keep acid away from the cast iron if
               | you don't want your food to taste of iron and/or old
               | polymerized fat, which really limits its utility.
               | 
               | [EDIT] It occurs to me--maybe people who find cast iron
               | about as easy as teflon just cook extremely-different
               | cuisine from what I do? I tend to do a lot of one-pan and
               | sauce-and-starch-in-skillet stuff that's often hell in
               | cast iron, if not just wholly inappropriate for it due to
               | the acid levels. If way more of my cooking were steak-
               | and-hard-vegetables dishes, say, I might wonder why
               | people bother with teflon.
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | There's also a cost factor: a Teflon pan will be
               | considerably cheaper, and most people don't factor in the
               | service life. Once you're used to something you usually
               | replace it with the same thing.
               | 
               | The other trend was Nixon pushing low fat diets. By the
               | time actual scientific results debunked that, a
               | generation of Americans had adjusted recipes to avoid
               | using as much fat as you need to cook optimally in cast
               | iron and it's still common to find people using
               | techniques which pretty much require non-stick.
        
               | bioemerl wrote:
               | Cast iron is actually pretty cheap.
        
               | bioemerl wrote:
               | Cast iron has three fatal flaws.
               | 
               | It's heavy.
               | 
               | It rusts.
               | 
               | No dishwasher.
        
             | siftrics wrote:
             | If you cook eggs correctly, they stick _less_ to a cast
             | iron pan than to a teflon pan, and they hold together
             | better.
        
               | lumb63 wrote:
               | How's that? Got any additional info?
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Seriously, the single time I've made eggs work without
               | having a layer of stuck egg at the end, in cast iron, was
               | on this immaculately-maintained ancient cast iron pan in
               | an AiBnB on a Mennonite farm, and even that only worked
               | because I cooked them in a bunch of sausage grease,
               | probably amounting to 10x the fat I use in teflon
               | (butter, in that case).
               | 
               | But, I usually make scrambled, and you need tight, lowish
               | temp control for those, which is one thing teflon really
               | excels at (cast iron and stainless need higher temps to
               | prevent sticking)
        
               | lukevp wrote:
               | Try carbon steel, it's much less sticky
        
               | dahfizz wrote:
               | Anytime your solution to a problem is "Just exert more
               | effort and skill and do it correctly", there is a 100%
               | chance the general public will not adopt your solution.
        
               | testTED wrote:
               | This explains the state of the general public very well.
        
               | xeromal wrote:
               | This should be codified as a law of the internet.
        
               | HPsquared wrote:
               | Dahfizz's Law
        
               | halfnormalform wrote:
               | I've heard something similar phrased as "Discipline
               | doesn't scale."
        
               | klodolph wrote:
               | The worst is when I see this advice used for backup
               | policies.
               | 
               | Like, the backup is there to save your ass when you
               | _don't_ do things correctly. If the backup needs you to
               | exert more effort and do things correctly, then it's most
               | likely to be broken when you need it the most.
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | I agree, but I think it's less effort to cook eggs in a
               | cast iron.
               | 
               | Just add a dash of oil and cook on medium low-heat with a
               | lid.
               | 
               | I never spend more than five seconds cleaning because the
               | eggs never stick.
        
               | insanitybit wrote:
               | I think I'm legitimately an egg cooking expert at this
               | point. I've cooked eggs in 1000 different ways on
               | different pans. There's no comparison - a non-stick pan
               | is going to _trivially_ handle eggs, regardless of how
               | your pan is oiled, the heat, etc, whereas a cast iron is
               | only going to do a decent job if you 're cooking eggs in
               | a few specific ways and you take care to control
               | temperature and oil.
        
               | earthling8118 wrote:
               | It's also pretty trivial to get right. I'd use carbon
               | steel just because it can heat faster. I can have my pan
               | ready to go in 2 minutes of heating. Use a bit of oil
               | (sometimes I mix in a tiny bit of butter to help
               | nonstick, but it isn't required) and it's good to go. The
               | difficulty is extremely exaggerated. I've not had a need
               | for nonstick
        
               | acdha wrote:
               | If the non-stick pan is brand new, yes. The problem is
               | that you need to replace them every couple of years as
               | the coating become degraded or they perform worse - even
               | if you religiously use only soft utensils, simple use and
               | cleaning will break it down.
               | 
               | Unless you're trying to avoid using oil for some reason,
               | there is no time savings.
        
               | greenie_beans wrote:
               | what is the correct way to cook eggs?
        
               | siftrics wrote:
               | I see what you're saying.
               | 
               | For me: dash of oil, medium-low heat, and a lid.
               | 
               | You don't even have to clean the cast iron because the
               | eggs don't stick.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | I'm still struggling with conveying, "you have to get the
               | stainless pan _hot_ and lay down some fat before you add
               | the food, or it will stick ". Add the tendency of cast
               | iron to unpleasantly flavor acidic foods (which is _lots
               | of foods_ ) and it's hopeless, as far as convincing goes.
               | At least stainless doesn't do that. I might win her over
               | for stainless, _mostly_ , but cast iron's going to remain
               | only for me.
               | 
               | No denying that it's a lot easier to make eggs or
               | pancakes or whatever on teflon, while distracted by also
               | trying to get the kids dressed and such, without ruining
               | the food or making a mess, than it is on other materials.
               | Even if you know _what_ to do with other pans, you still
               | have to _do it_ , and that takes more attention and care
               | than teflon.
               | 
               | If it comes out that teflon pans are, in fact, a major
               | source of ingested or inhaled PFAS, I'll probably kick up
               | my efforts to convert her. In the meantime I suspect a
               | lot more of it comes from other household materials
               | (clothes, carpet, furniture--plus stuff in cars) that've
               | been treated for fire and stain resistance, so I'm not
               | _super_ worried about the pans.
        
               | buu700 wrote:
               | _I 'm still struggling with conveying, "you have to get
               | the stainless pan hot and lay down some fat before you
               | add the food, or it will stick"._
               | 
               | Would she be willing to use a timer? She can just set it
               | for 10 - 15 minutes after turning the burner on, and
               | avoid putting anything in the pan until after the timer
               | is done.
               | 
               | I've certainly ruined my fair share of eggs by rushing,
               | but having the patience to let it get up to temperature
               | is pretty much the only "hard" part of using cast iron.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Maybe, I dunno, but it only took a couple fucked-up
               | dishes before she was like "why the hell am I doing this
               | when there's a teflon pan _right there_? "
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | You need stainless for acidic foods. We have both types
               | of frying pans. The problem with Teflon as I understand
               | it is that it breaks down to PFAS at temperatures that
               | are easy to reach in a frying pan. It might be that
               | Teflon other things are better (like a stand-alone grill
               | thing), but I just try to avoid it.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | I have a de Buyer carbon steel omelette pan and it is
             | completely non-stick once seasoned. Way nicer for eggs than
             | a cast iron, maybe she'd be open to trying that. I also
             | have one of their crepe pans that we use for tortillas and
             | dosas, check those out too.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | I'll echo this. One thing I learnt is that metal
               | scourers, used judiciously, are perfect for cleaning a
               | well seasoned carbon steel pan. Basically, the scourer
               | pulls off the few bits that catch on the pan and if you
               | don't really scrub (which you should never need to) the
               | seasoning is robust enough. Just remember to not cook
               | anything acidic (for which we use stainless) and try not
               | to leave things in the pan for ages.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | We're about due for some new pans (the worst non-health-
               | related thing about teflon is that they're much more a
               | _consumable_ item than other pan types) so I 'll see
               | about snagging one or two of those, thanks for the tip.
        
               | earthling8118 wrote:
               | This is the main reason I ditched them. Carbon steel is
               | my primary pan type now. When you're breaking in a new
               | pan use just a little bit of butter for stuff like eggs.
               | I use more oil than butter but just having a little
               | amount present helps.
        
               | voldacar wrote:
               | How do you season it? How do you clean the pan, and does
               | it need to be seasoned again after cleaning?
        
               | mtalantikite wrote:
               | Serious Eats has a good post on it [1].
               | 
               | Basically, remove the beeswax layer, then rub a layer of
               | oil on the pan and heat it until it fully smokes off. You
               | can do it on a burner or in the oven at 450F. You'll do
               | that a maybe 3-5 times on a new pan, up to you. They tell
               | you not to do carbon steel in the oven because of the
               | material of the handle, but I've done it before and it
               | worked out fine. I generally just use the stove top
               | because it's easier.
               | 
               | You clean the pan with soap and water as you would any
               | other pan, and then towel dry since you don't want rust
               | forming on the metal. You'll need to re-season it every
               | so often depending on how much use the pan gets, but
               | that's usually only every couple years.
               | 
               | [1] https://www.seriouseats.com/how-to-season-carbon-
               | steel-pans
        
           | altgeek wrote:
           | If you're an older adult with high ferritin levels (genetic
           | or oterhwise), you should avoid cast iron. High ferritin has
           | been linked with hepatic injury, cancer, and a other
           | endocrine disorders. See https://irondisorders.org/too-much-
           | iron/
        
             | ridgeguy wrote:
             | Thanks for this.
             | 
             | I'm heterozygous for a hemochromatosis gene and my ferritin
             | is elevated (although not nearly as much as if I were
             | homozygous). I give blood every month to maintain normal
             | ferritin levels.
             | 
             | I'd never thought about my cast iron fry pans as a source
             | of dietary iron. Obvious in retrospect.
        
           | bushbaba wrote:
           | Or high carbon steel. Nonstick pans really aren't a necessity
           | for cooking.
        
             | TecoAndJix wrote:
             | If you're accustomed to non-stick pans like i was, there
             | may be a learning curve using carbon steel (at least there
             | was for me). I bought a nice set several years ago and they
             | ended up in a box in the basement after i failed to season
             | and wash them properly. My father in law recently dug them
             | out, revived them, and gave us some tips. We have been
             | successfully using them ever since! While I still enjoy
             | using the non-stick, I found i was missing out on proper
             | fond all these years.
        
             | mtalantikite wrote:
             | After using cast iron for years, I bought a few de Buyer
             | carbon steel pans and I love them. They're thinner and
             | lighter than cast iron. They're more responsive to
             | temperature. They season better than cast iron and are
             | incredibly non-stick. They might be a bit more sensitive
             | when it comes to care than cast iron though, and are
             | certainly a lot more expensive.
             | 
             | I still use my cast iron cookware for times it is
             | appropriate, but highly recommend carbon steel as well.
        
           | npstr wrote:
           | Cast iron is heavy and some people hate that. Try forged
           | iron.
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | Too much of a PITA honestly. Very heavy, and I can't just
           | throw it in a dishwasher when it's dirty.
        
         | exabrial wrote:
         | Yet we're all still here. Incredible we haven't exploded yet.
        
         | nicholasjarnold wrote:
         | > "Oh boo hoo I have to scrub my stainless steel pan a little
         | harder cause I don't have a Teflon pan any more."
         | 
         | Stainless steel, while typically being derided by many home
         | cooks for being "hard to clean", is actually quite pleasant to
         | work with if used properly. What does that mean? Well, I've
         | discovered that it means you should start with high quality pan
         | (I use All-Clad BD5 and Copper Core, though there are many
         | other good options too), heat it up fully before adding
         | anything to it, throw in some fat and wait a few seconds for it
         | to heat sufficiently, then add your food. Keep the heat up
         | while cooking (good pans help with this part a lot).
         | 
         | Try it and thank me later. It changed my life. :)
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | tristor wrote:
           | If anyone is curious about the science behind this and why
           | you should add the fat/oil to the pan when the pan is hot,
           | rather than when it's cold, it is primarily around creating
           | conditions for the
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leidenfrost_effect
           | 
           | If you do this correctly, even eggs can be prevented from
           | sticking on stainless steel pans. The extra advantage for
           | stainless steel is it can be cleaned back to like-new
           | condition relatively easily and without significant concerns
           | over /how/ you clean it. You can even use acids to clean
           | stainless steel to polish it to a shine like vinegar or lemon
           | juice, without damaging the metal in any significant way.
        
             | giraffe_lady wrote:
             | When you add the oil doesn't matter for cooking as long as
             | you let the total pan-oil system get up to temp before you
             | add the food. Leidenfrost is used as a quick indicator that
             | the empty pan is the right temp, but oil doesn't do a
             | leidenfrost effect.
             | 
             | The advice to pre-heat the pan first is because if you
             | forget an empty pan on the stove you get a hot pan, if you
             | forget an oiled pan on the stove you get a grease fire.
             | 
             | Also try out carbon steel for a more nonstick type
             | situation. Stainless is best when you _want_ some sticking,
             | like for building a fond for a pan sauce. Carbon naturally
             | seasons similarly to cast iron, but much lower maintenance
             | because you can wash it however you want and essentially
             | rebuild the seasoning from scratch for each use.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | > When you add the oil doesn't matter for cooking as long
               | as you let the total pan-oil system get up to temp before
               | you add the food. Leidenfrost is used as a quick
               | indicator that the empty pan is the right temp, but oil
               | doesn't do a leidenfrost effect.
               | 
               | 1. It matters because oils oxidize rapidly (and can begin
               | breaking down) in the presence of high heat. You want the
               | oil to be relatively fresh while using it to cook. This
               | is less of an issue with highly refined oils, but a
               | problem with most natural oils.
               | 
               | 2. Oil isn't affected by leidenfrost, but the food you
               | are cooking is. This effect prevents the food from
               | falling below the oil layer and sticking/burning to the
               | pan when the oil is moving due to water boiling off. When
               | water molecules in the food come in contact with the
               | surface of the pan below the oil, leidenfrost forces them
               | to float back above with the food and allow oil to flow
               | back into the space.
               | 
               | Moving food as you cook it helps with this as well. If
               | you cook at the wrong temperature without this effect,
               | oil gets displaced from below the food and it sticks.
               | This is especially difficult with very wet foods with
               | minimal structure like eggs.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Sure leidenfrost is a fine model to use when thinking
               | about food sticking to your pan and preventing it etc. It
               | still has nothing to do with when you add the oil though.
               | 
               | No cooking oil is going to appreciably oxidize in the 70
               | seconds it takes to heat a pan. I cooked at very high
               | levels for many years, I have seen a cook get fired on
               | the spot for handling a pan incorrectly, no one cares
               | about whatever oxidation is happening during preheating.
               | The advice to add oil to the hot pan is so you don't
               | forget and overheat the oil, or start a fire.
        
               | L_Rahman wrote:
               | It takes much longer than 70 seconds to heat up a 12 inch
               | stainless steel or carbon steel skillet on a home burner
               | to a point where it can be used to fry an egg or sear a
               | chicken thigh, both of which are things a home cook may
               | do with some frequency.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | ok
        
               | ianai wrote:
               | Am I missing something? Putting oil into a hot pan causes
               | it to spit and that is how to get an oil fire.
        
               | tristor wrote:
               | It depends on what temperature you mean by "hot" and
               | which oil you're referring to. If you're in the band of
               | temperatures in which water produces the leidenfrost
               | effect you are at a good temperature to add oil, if it's
               | too hot you'll know and if it's too cool you'll know if
               | you test your pan with a drop of water before you add the
               | oil and begin cooking.
        
               | giraffe_lady wrote:
               | Oil by itself won't spatter, that's caused by water
               | cooking off. Butter will spit because it's got water in
               | it. Reused fry oil and things like that can also, because
               | they tend to have some fried food bits holding moisture
               | still in there. But just pure oil no.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Hot as in 212-350F, not 450F+
               | 
               | Side note, many people cook with way too much heat.
        
             | rhacker wrote:
             | I have tried every method to prevent eggs from sticking to
             | my SS pots. Nothing worked so I have PFAS free non-stick
             | pans for eggs.
        
             | nicholasjarnold wrote:
             | Ah! Yes. Thank you. One thing I didn't mention is that I've
             | seen this described by pro cooks like "you know when the
             | pan is hot enough when water droplets don't merely boil off
             | quickly, but instead dance around rapidly in the pan".
             | Leidenfrost! TIL
        
           | Night_Thastus wrote:
           | I own a set of cheaper, but decent stainless steel pans.
           | 
           | However, I've never gotten scrambled eggs to work without
           | just coating the entire pan in egg.
           | 
           | Scrambled eggs don't play nice with high heat, and too high
           | heat and the butter will brown or just burn. I can absolutely
           | coat the pan with butter, and the eggs still stick.
           | 
           | Not sure what the solution is here.
        
         | sam345 wrote:
         | I'd he interested in some facts ? And cost/ benefit discussion?
         | I know nothing about PFAS but the above comment reads like a
         | lobbying screed. It sounds like PFAS has been in use for a long
         | time. The above makes it sound like people are dropping like
         | flies left and right. There must be a reason why it's still on
         | the market and used widely.
        
           | hammock wrote:
           | >a lobbying screed
           | 
           | Who do you suggest is doing the lobbying and for what cause?
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > The above makes it sound like people are dropping like
           | flies left and right.
           | 
           | That's the problem with carcinogens - it's hard AF to link
           | cancers to pollutants, but e.g. airport firefighters have
           | succeeded with these claims [1].
           | 
           | > There must be a reason why it's still on the market and
           | used widely.
           | 
           | On the part of consumers, similarly to our use of plastics,
           | it's convenience.
           | 
           | On the part of producers, the usual: money, bribery ehhh
           | campaign donations and, in some cases, a lack of
           | alternatives.
           | 
           | [1] https://phys.org/news/2023-02-seattle-airport-legacy-
           | pfas-ch...
        
           | jcampbell1 wrote:
           | PFAS is a huge family of long lasting fluorinated chemicals.
           | The ones that are bio-absorbed typically are liquid at normal
           | temperatures. Gasoline and plastic are both hydrocarbons, but
           | gasoline is toxic and long chain polyethylene is not. So we
           | are sort of in this state where some Hacker News savior is
           | shouting "hydrocarbons dangerous!!!", when the story is more
           | like liquid PFAS is a problem, but Teflon is safe like
           | polyethylene is safe. Don't drink hexane, but the 200-ane
           | found in polyethylene won't be absorbed even when you eat it.
           | 
           | Bottom line is that all the liquid PFAS has been pulled from
           | the market. The last thing I have seen was some ski racing
           | wax had these liquid PFAS compounds, and they got fined
           | pretty heavily.
        
           | zug_zug wrote:
           | Definitely emotional, but overall right I think. A good place
           | to start is the documentary "The devil we know". I think
           | you'll come to the conclusion that what has happened here has
           | been inexcusable.
        
             | baliex wrote:
             | This is the article [0] that inspired the (brilliant) film
             | [1].
             | 
             | [0]: https://www.nytimes.com/2016/01/10/magazine/the-
             | lawyer-who-b...
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.imdb.com/title/tt9071322/
        
           | ecmascript wrote:
           | Since it seems many of these chemicals takes hundreds if not
           | thousands of years to break down, I think it's safe to say
           | that the benefits of making them illegal outweighs the costs.
        
           | GeoAtreides wrote:
           | > I know nothing about PFAS but the above comment reads like
           | a lobbying screed.
           | 
           | If you knew nothing about smoking and read a long rant on
           | smoking's health effects, would you dismiss it as easily as
           | you dismissed this one? Probably yes -- but you would be
           | deadly wrong.
           | 
           | It's interesting to me how people, although saying they know
           | nothing about a subject, they still have opinions about
           | what's true or false on that subject. What can one say about
           | something they know nothing about except: I don't know.
           | Maybe: "this opinion (GP's) seems aggressive, is it
           | warranted? I don't know". Just say: I don't know.
           | 
           | > The above makes it sound like people are dropping like
           | flies left and right. There must be a reason why it's still
           | on the market and used widely.
           | 
           | Smoking was dropping people like flies left and right. And
           | indeed there was a reason why it was still on the market and
           | used widely.
        
             | Alex3917 wrote:
             | > Probably yes -- but you would be deadly wrong.
             | 
             | Sort of. Smoking was initially only modestly dangerous, but
             | became vastly more dangerous over time. So the situation
             | isn't entirely analogous.
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | No? Putting tobacco smoke in your lungs was always
               | dangerous, it didn't suddenly become that way.
        
               | raman325 wrote:
               | I don't think this comment is in conflict with its
               | parent. Danger isn't binary.
        
               | majkinetor wrote:
               | But suddently you started to inhale smoke of numerious
               | other additivies they put into it in the meantime.
        
               | [deleted]
        
             | sam345 wrote:
             | You must have misread my comment.I gave no opinion because
             | as I said I know nothing about PFAS. I certainly didn't say
             | my mind was made up and I wasn't going to do any further
             | research. To the contrary I was asking for facts and cost
             | benefit analysis. For instance what are the alternatives
             | and what are their environmental and health costs? OG did
             | not address any of that.
        
               | GeoAtreides wrote:
               | >the above comment reads like a lobbying screed
               | 
               | This is an opinion. "screed" and "lobbying" are not
               | neutral words, they have negative connotations.
               | 
               | >The above makes it sound like people are dropping like
               | flies left and right. There must be a reason why it's
               | still on the market and used widely.
               | 
               | This is also an opinion. It uses hyperbole to cast shade
               | on GP's original words, to imply a dreadful scenario that
               | should be happening if those words are true; you then
               | say, paraphrasing: this scenario is not happening, so
               | then it follows GP's assertions are not true (to be
               | clear: this is your inference, implied, not mine).
               | 
               | This is how I read your comment; I admit, I might've
               | gotten wrong and I apologize if that's the case.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | PFAS are used in so many different applications it would
               | be difficult to list the alternatives comprehensively.
               | But it can be confidently said that, health and
               | environmental costs aside, there are no better
               | alternatives for their current use. Which is a huge part
               | of the problem (similar to the BPA/BPS issue).
               | 
               | PFAS in DWR / water resistant applications is being
               | replaced with silicone-based tech and some other
               | novelties.
               | 
               | PFAS in coated paper goods can be replaced with
               | silicones, sulfuric acid baths, etc.
               | 
               | PFAS in machinery could be replaced with food-grade
               | lubricants like mineral oil, etc. (or just more frequent
               | cleaning)
               | 
               | Give me some other common applications and I'll help
               | think about the alternatives
        
         | cawest11 wrote:
         | * _scrub my cast iron skillet a little harder*_
        
         | shadowgovt wrote:
         | If PFAS caused people to die of cancer at 60 in general,
         | wouldn't life expectancy be somewhere below the 77 it's at?
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | This is fud.
         | 
         | Teflon is not toxic, its used in medical implants. Its made
         | from a gas - tetrafluoroethylene. It has nothing to do with
         | PFAS.
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | PFAS is used as an adherent for teflon on cookware. I have no
           | idea if it has alternatives, but "it has nothing to do with
           | PFAS" is not correct.
        
             | nulld3v wrote:
             | Do you have a source on this? Trying to do more research
             | but couldn't find much mention of this.
        
             | refurb wrote:
             | Why would you use a non-stick substance to adhere teflon?
        
           | matt123456789 wrote:
           | Teflon (PTFE) breaks down and releases PFOA (which is a PFAS
           | chemical) at high temperatures.
        
             | gruez wrote:
             | 1. Are the chemicals of heat breakdown the same as what's
             | being described in the article? I find it strange that
             | everything teflon related is lumped under "PFAS/PFOA", from
             | precursor chemicals[1], the coating itself, its combustion
             | products, to various other applications (eg. firefighting
             | foams or paper takeout containers)
             | 
             | 2. The "high temperatures" in this context is above the
             | smoke point of most cooking oils. As long as you're not
             | using it for high temperature applications (eg. searing
             | meat), you're fine.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape_Fear_River#Suspended
             | _soli...
        
               | arcticbull wrote:
               | Starts to break down at 500F which is below the smoke
               | point of avocado oil (520F). It's objectively easy to hit
               | these numbers on a pan, especially if you leave it for a
               | few minutes one time.
        
             | matt123456789 wrote:
             | Also I'm not a chemist but Wikipedia directly names it as a
             | PFAS.
             | 
             | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene
        
             | Tijdreiziger wrote:
             | Wikipedia [1] says: "Non-stick coated cookware has not been
             | manufactured using PFOA since 2013."
             | 
             | The source they reference [2] says:
             | 
             | > So is teflon safe now?
             | 
             | > Absolutely. PTFE is inert in its solid form and will most
             | likely pass through your digestive system with no issue. In
             | addition, the temperatures used for cooking aren't
             | typically hot enough to release PTFE fumes into the air -
             | though toxicologists are quick to remind people that
             | overheating Teflon coated cookware is a bad idea.
             | 
             | The source _they_ reference, a dead-but-archived page on
             | the University of North Carolina 's website [3], says:
             | 
             | > Assuming you use your cookware appropriately, i.e. not
             | heating it excessively and unattended, always heating the
             | pan with something in it, not scratching off the Teflon and
             | consuming it for dinner, using non-stick pans is relatively
             | safe for humans. Risk of "Teflon flu" due to inhalation of
             | fumes during typical kitchen use is minimal. Ingestion of
             | PTFE is not reported to be toxic and residual PFOA in PTFE-
             | coated pans is minimally transferred to food. However,
             | long-term exposure studies to PTFE-fumes and PFOA have not
             | been conducted so we can't say that it is completely safe.
             | Regardless, you should keep Larry the bird away from the
             | kitchen.
             | 
             | > If you wish to avoid the Teflon risk altogether,
             | stainless steel and cast-iron pans are recommended
             | alternative, albeit not necessarily non-stick, cooking
             | options.
             | 
             | So it seems to me that it should be fine, though as a
             | layman, I can't determine the veracity of the sources.
             | 
             | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polytetrafluoroethylene#S
             | afety
             | 
             | [2] https://www.bhg.com.au/the-truth-about-teflon-are-non-
             | stick-...
             | 
             | [3] http://web.archive.org/web/20180523015658/http://tibbs.
             | unc.e...
        
               | mahogany wrote:
               | Honestly, none of the language you're quoting is
               | reassuring. There are qualifiers like "most likely" and
               | "relatively safe", and the not-at-all-reassuring
               | "Ingestion of PTFE is not reported to be toxic". This is
               | very different from "known to be non-toxic". So many
               | industries (in the US at least) operate in a way similar
               | to "shoot first, ask questions later". When it comes to
               | health, it should be the reverse.
               | 
               | Clearly they sold the original formulation as safe, until
               | it wasn't, so why trust the new formulation? To me, it's
               | not worth the gamble when we're discussing a new chemical
               | that's being transferred into all of my food. There are
               | plenty of alternatives with a slight decrease in comfort
               | but the benefit of having been tested for hundreds (or
               | thousands) of years.
        
             | shadowgovt wrote:
             | What temperature? A quick Googling suggests 536 Farenheit.
             | 
             | So don't leave your teflon cookware in the oven on self-
             | clean cycle and you should be fine, right?
        
           | SAI_Peregrinus wrote:
           | Teflon is bound to many pans using PFAS-family chemicals.
        
         | Wowfunhappy wrote:
         | > Oh boo hoo I have to scrub my stainless steel pan a little
         | harder cause I don't have a Teflon pan any more.
         | 
         | Just throw the stainless steel pan in the dishwasher.
         | 
         | It won't be nice and shiny anymore but neither was the teflon
         | pan.
        
         | lumb63 wrote:
         | I don't much care if others give themselves cancer via PFAS by
         | lifestyle choices, as long as they're aware. To that extent, I
         | try to raise awareness by telling people, since a lot are not
         | aware yet.
         | 
         | The fact that others using PFAS impacts us all, since it is
         | distributed into our environment and stays there an incredibly
         | long time, is what makes this issue worth regulating. Similar
         | goes for many other ecological issues (e.g. microplastics).
        
         | throw8383833jj wrote:
         | but how do you avoid it completely? "Hazardous PFAS chemicals
         | contaminate the drinking water of up to 110 million Americans
         | and the blood of nearly every American."
         | 
         | How on earth can I find bottled water that doesn't contain PFAS
         | in it? and chances are it's aleady in my body.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | It's nasty stuff sure, but you're not consuming PFAS every time
         | you cook with Teflon pans. Your pans are fine. In fact, it is
         | actually very difficult to consume PFAS consistently in a way
         | that will actually do long term harm. In the end you're more
         | likely to die of cardiac arrest from the fatty foods you cook
         | than from PFAS cancer. Saturated fats used for non-stick
         | cooking will clog your arteries with plaque and kill you off
         | eventually, guaranteed.
         | 
         | My advice, don't worry about it and live your life.
        
           | mschuster91 wrote:
           | > It's nasty stuff sure, but you're not consuming PFAS every
           | time you cook with Teflon pans. Your pans are fine.
           | 
           | If you're not damaging them by using metal tools, which many
           | people do.
        
             | hgomersall wrote:
             | Or overheating the pan, which is basically unavoidable.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | No you would have to overheat it deliberately for a long
               | period of time.
        
               | hgomersall wrote:
               | PTFE breaks down above 250 centigrade. That's pretty
               | normal for frying pans.
        
               | xwdv wrote:
               | Let me put it this way, you can break flakes off of PTFE
               | pans and swallow them and nothing will happen to you.
               | They will just pass through your digestive system. You
               | will not get some kind of cancer just from this alone.
               | Don't listen to the lobbyists.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | cinntaile wrote:
         | Teflon has been used in pans for 70 years now, we should have
         | seen all these horrible deaths by now.
        
         | aintgonnatakeit wrote:
         | Think about all the couches and carpets sprayed with
         | scotchguard some people have spent their entire lives exposed
         | to. It's terrible.
        
           | amluto wrote:
           | I'd be more concerned about exposure while applying the
           | scotchgard.
        
       | Mistletoe wrote:
       | 80 micromolar is a ridiculously high level to test at. I'm really
       | tired of studies doing this. The public doesn't understand
       | molarity and that the concentration of almost anything is toxic
       | at 80 uM.
       | 
       | https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S143846392...
       | 
       | The highest concentration of PFOS type substances we could expect
       | in blood is 6 ng/mL.
       | 
       | The molecular weight of PFOS is 538 g/mol. Use the molarity
       | calculator at https://www.graphpad.com/quickcalcs/molarityform/
       | to see that that is 11 nanomolar.
       | 
       | The 80 uM amount used in this study is 7272x higher than the
       | highest amount we would expect in the blood.
       | 
       | This isn't to say that PFOS isn't bad, it is bad but this looks
       | like the standard university PR department nonsense and
       | researchers using ultra high concentrations looking for a
       | positive result. Honestly this looks like something I would
       | expect an undergrad to do that doesn't understand concentration.
        
         | merrywhether wrote:
         | Not exactly the same, but reminds me of the saccharin rat
         | studies. Massive dosing (the human equivalent of ~800 diet
         | sodas per day!) plus a physiology that highly concentrates
         | urine led to bladder cancer in rats. Turned out to be
         | completely irrelevant to humans (and now ironically saccharin
         | may be somewhat cancer fighting?).
         | 
         | For expedience many of these studies are done at the Maximum
         | Tolerated Dose, which is the amount that does not otherwise
         | outright kill the subjects. It's understandable that this is
         | useful for magnifying sensitivity but it also leaves them with
         | a tinge of doubt. That compounds with the career benefit for
         | publishing sensational results to generate some bad science
         | (especially frustrating when there are tinfoilers looking to
         | distrust science as it is).
        
         | refurb wrote:
         | Glad to see this comment here.
         | 
         | You see that a lot in studies - models that bear no resemblance
         | to actual exposure.
         | 
         | All you can say is "at levels that will never occur in the
         | human body, X happens"
         | 
         | Ok?
        
         | Midfit wrote:
         | I believe that the concentration of the solution they were
         | suspended in was 80 uM, but the concentration in their blood
         | isn't mentioned (and probably wasn't measured) in their work.
         | I'm not a zebrafish expert so I have no idea how much PFAS
         | would a zebrafish absorb from its surrounding solution into its
         | bloodstream.
        
           | Mistletoe wrote:
           | It says the embryos and cells were put in 80 uM.
           | 
           | >The embryos and cells were exposed to 80 micromolar
           | solutions of each chemical:
        
             | Midfit wrote:
             | Yes, but your original comment talks about a concentration
             | of 6 ng/mL in human blood, while the researchers only point
             | out the concentration of the surrounding medium. Perhaps
             | I'm missing something, but you can't compare these two
             | values since you didn't measure the actual concentration of
             | PFAS in the blood stream of the larvae. For all we know it
             | could be lower than 6 ng/mL, right?
        
               | Mistletoe wrote:
               | They are also doing studies on human neutrophil cells
               | etc. at 80 uM. The fluid above the cells at 80 uM is a
               | model for cells in blood.
               | 
               | You can see in Figure 5 here that the effects are really
               | only seen at the highest non physiological doses. Even
               | their lowest dose of GenX is 2.6 uM which is 2600 nM. I
               | don't have data for blood levels of GenX but if it is
               | like PFOA that would be 260x higher than any
               | concentration we would expect a neutrophil to ever see.
               | And there is no effect on respiratory burst.
               | 
               | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/epdf/10.1080/1547691X.202
               | 3.2...
        
       | canadiantim wrote:
       | The fact that PFAS is in floss is so messed up.
        
         | arcticgeek wrote:
         | I loved ,,Glide" floss for years because it worked so well. Was
         | totally dismayed when I finally put together why it did. I've
         | switched to Dr. Tung's now which is made of natural plant-based
         | materials and works even better than traditional flosses.
        
           | siftrics wrote:
           | When are you gonna take the blinders off and stop flossing
           | altogether?
        
           | esaym wrote:
           | From https://www.mamavation.com/beauty/toxic-pfas-dental-
           | floss-to...
           | 
           | "Dr Tungs Smart Floss: 48 parts per million (ppm) organic
           | fluorine"
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | I would like to see regulation that continues to allow more
       | beneficial uses of PFAS while restricting the high-exposure, low-
       | benefit uses.
       | 
       | For example, your phone screen is likely coated in a very very
       | thin, factory applied coating of large molecules that are
       | perfluorinated at one end and covalently bonded to the glass at
       | the other end. It might even be applied by a CVD or similar
       | machine without the use of solvents. It makes the screen easy to
       | swipe and much less smudge-prone. And there is very little of it,
       | and only the tiniest amount is likely to come off in your
       | fingers.
       | 
       | Compare to essentially any anti-fog goggle spray. You _spray_ it
       | and probably inhale it. And it is made out of soluble PFAS [0]
       | that don't stick very well to your goggles, and you put those
       | goggles on your face, and probably get some of the chemicals in
       | your eye and nose, and then you do it again and again.
       | (Seriously, what's wrong with gel toothpaste for this
       | application? Good old sodium lauryl sulfate is an excellent
       | defogger, and any gelled version sticks to glass or plastic well
       | enough for a long swim, and the entire formulation is extremely
       | non-toxic. And in the tiny amounts needed for goggles, it doesn't
       | even irritate eyes.)
       | 
       | PFAS are everywhere, and it's uses really do vary widely in how
       | problematic they are and how useful they are!
       | 
       | [0] https://pubs.acs.org/doi/pdf/10.1021/acs.est.1c06990
        
       | amluto wrote:
       | There's a problematic trend of picking a chemical or two to
       | complain about and having the industry make an effort to avoid
       | that particular chemical, even if there is no reason to expect
       | that its replacement is better.
       | 
       | For example, BPA in polycarbonate is being replaced with very
       | closely related compounds that could be worse. And companies are
       | apparently replacing PFOA and PFOS with "GenX", the compound
       | found to be problematic here.
       | 
       | Every time I see something "BPA-free" or "PFOS-free" I shudder a
       | bit. It's a worse-than-useless statement.
        
       | LeifCarrotson wrote:
       | The full text of the study is available here:
       | 
       | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1547691X.2023.21...
        
       | pfdietz wrote:
       | Exposure in the experiment was at the 80 micromolar level, which
       | is about 2 grams of GenX in a typical person. That's a lot.
        
       | boringg wrote:
       | Whats the word on PFAS in Pizza Boxs and Microwave popcorn? Is
       | that still a concern / presence or has that been resolved?
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | If it's like similar cases recently (e.g. BPA) they're either
         | still there, or have been replaced with some other less-studied
         | product that may well be worse--not trading known-bad for
         | known-good, but known-bad for... who knows.
         | 
         | [EDIT] Incidentally, there's nothing at all magic about
         | microwave popcorn bags. You can just put popcorn kernels and a
         | little oil in a paper bag, fold it closed tightly, and put it
         | in the microwave. Stick a plate under it if you're worried
         | about the oil getting on your microwave. Obviously don't fill
         | it _too_ full or it 'll unfold and popcorn will get everywhere.
         | Or use a wok with some oil (I like coconut oil--doesn't make it
         | taste like coconut, mostly imparts a slightly buttery flavor)
         | and cook it on the stovetop. You can use a regular pan but the
         | wok is way better because it tends to keep the popped corn away
         | from the heat while letting the unpopped kernels settle down
         | where it's oily and hot.
        
       | m463 wrote:
       | It is SO hard to figure out if these "forever chemicals" are in
       | your cookware, because companies _actively_ hide information
       | about their cookware.
       | 
       | (It's especially troublesome if you have parrots, because one
       | overheated pan will kill any and all parrots in the house - and
       | it's non-toxic for humans?? lol)
       | 
       | As one example, I bought some hexclad pans. They had very strong
       | wording about their use of teflon:
       | 
       | https://hexclad.com/blogs/posts/pfoa-free
       | 
       | when you try to figure out what their coating is, you are told:
       | 
       | "We've used a high-grade non-toxic Japanese coating infused with
       | diamond dust for extra toughness."
       | (https://hexclad.com/pages/hexclad-science)
       | 
       | and... well keep digging.
       | 
       | Finally you can find this:
       | 
       |  _Q: Are your pans free of PTFE?_
       | 
       |  _A: Our pans are PFOA free but contain some PTFE. PTFE is in
       | over 95% of all nonstick cookware including our ceramic-based
       | nonstick. PTFE is safe and inert. In fact, it is used in surgical
       | matches meshes, dental implants and heart stents which are all
       | implanted in the body. We do not use PFOA chemicals and other
       | chemicals that gave many other nonstick pans a bad name. Why do
       | we use some PTFE? Sadly, non-PTFE nonstick cookware does not work
       | well for long periods of time. In fact, in our tests, the largest
       | non-PTFE nonstick in the world only held up for 45 minutes of
       | consecutive use._
       | 
       | https://hexcladcommercial.com/pages/frequently-asked-questio...
       | 
       | What's especially ridiculous is that the "good" hexclad sets you
       | can get at costco also put this coating on the BOTTOM of the pan,
       | against the flame or burner! High temperature is the achilles
       | heel for these chemicals.
       | 
       | took them back.
        
       ___________________________________________________________________
       (page generated 2023-02-23 23:02 UTC)