[HN Gopher] EPA orders Norfolk Southern to conduct all cleanup a...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       EPA orders Norfolk Southern to conduct all cleanup actions related
       to derailment
        
       Author : Jimmc414
       Score  : 207 points
       Date   : 2023-02-21 18:37 UTC (4 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.epa.gov)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.epa.gov)
        
       | hanniabu wrote:
       | Based on the fact that there's thousands of superfund sites that
       | are decades old, this probably won't be cleaned up any time soon
        
         | thrashh wrote:
         | Well based on the fact that
         | 
         | - we've cleaned up 25% of sites in a system that only started
         | in the 80s
         | 
         | - the infrastructure bill in 2021 bringing back the superfund
         | cleanup tax on chemical companies that expired in 1995 -- at
         | double the rate
         | 
         | - and Congress also authorizing an extra $3.5 billion 2 years
         | ago just for cleanups
         | 
         | I think it's too early to be so cynical
        
           | ROTMetro wrote:
           | I've never been sick more often than when I lived in super
           | fund defending champion Mountain View during college.
        
             | convolvatron wrote:
             | i remember getting a little flyer on my doorknob. 'the soil
             | here is toxic. wear shoes when walking outside. dont
             | attempt to grow food. otherwise its all good. really.'
        
           | eppp wrote:
           | This is a completely broken system though. These cleanup fees
           | should be paid for during the waste generation. Just being
           | allowed to pollute everything and then paying out the owners
           | and declaring bankruptcy leaving it to the tax system to
           | clean up is nonsensical.
        
             | blibble wrote:
             | in cases like that: if the owners are still around
             | (meaning: not deceased) the courts should be able to pierce
             | the corporate veil and go after the directors for unlimited
             | amounts
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | What the courts are allowed to do, and what Judges
               | regularly opt to do are extremely different sets.
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | What about collecting taxes on these companies while
             | they're operating and then using that tax money to clean up
             | any messes that may occur? Oh wait.
        
               | grouchomarx wrote:
               | Sorry that's not how this works. These organizations
               | bring in a few handfuls of middle wage jobs. If they
               | eventually pollute the site and move to Mexico to save
               | $0.11 a unit, that's my successor's problem
        
             | duskwuff wrote:
             | > This is a completely broken system though.
             | 
             | When "the system" is working properly, hazardous waste is
             | contained and disposed of appropriately, and sites don't
             | become polluted. The Superfund program exists to remediate
             | situations where that system failed.
        
           | QuercusMax wrote:
           | News flash: the 1980s were 40 years ago. At this rate we'll
           | all be dead before they're done.
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | joe_the_user wrote:
       | Why isn't the EPA offering trailers outside of town to any
       | worried residents?
       | 
       | News reports indicate that people seem to be being poisoned in
       | their homes and staying because they have no other place to go.
       | 
       | Edit: Jeesh, of course I mean "why aren't the Feds overall
       | offering trailers". I get the impression the EPA is currently
       | organizing the remediation but that's a side-issue, darn it.
        
         | kunwon1 wrote:
         | I have read that the governor of the state isn't requesting
         | much in the way of federal assistance, and hasn't yet declared
         | a state of emergency, which may or may not be a prerequisite
         | for such federal action.
         | 
         | That being said, it seems to me that the entire situation is
         | being used as a political football, which makes things murky.
         | What everyone seems to agree on is that the residents on the
         | ground are not getting the assistance they need.
        
           | citilife wrote:
           | https://www.foxnews.com/politics/white-house-explains-why-
           | tu...
        
           | s1artibartfast wrote:
           | What types of assistance would require action at a federal
           | scale? it seems like a pretty manageable problem at the state
           | level.
           | 
           | It seems like there is a huge outcry that "something must be
           | done" without really examining what that something would be
           | or reviewing what _is already being done_.
           | 
           | Do people have shelter or need it ?
           | 
           | Do people have access to medical care or need more?
           | 
           | Are safety tests being conducted or not?
           | 
           | Are cleanup plans progressing or being neglected?
        
             | jcrawfordor wrote:
             | Money. Most states have very little funding for emergency
             | recovery, so it's routine to use a federal emergency
             | declaration to authorize federal funding. In general with
             | civil emergencies, the state has the authority but the feds
             | have the money.
        
         | s1artibartfast wrote:
         | Why do you think the _EPA_ has trailers or is responsible for
         | housing people?
         | 
         | This seems to be the role of a disaster management organization
        
           | joe_the_user wrote:
           | Shouldn't it be obvious I'm speaking of the Federal
           | Government generally?
           | 
           | What's more important? Stopping people being harmed or
           | getting agencies functions right?
        
             | s1artibartfast wrote:
             | It was not obvious to me. You clearly said one thing
             | calling out the EPA in an thread about the EPA. How am I
             | supposed to infer you didn't mean the EPA.
        
         | ncallaway wrote:
         | That seems like something that FEMA would be better prepared to
         | do.
         | 
         | I think FEMA should be in the role of protecting the
         | individuals, evacuating people and providing food, water,
         | heating and shelter.
         | 
         | EPA should have more focus on directing the cleanup of the
         | area, and making the area safe for residents to return to.
         | 
         | And the railroad should be billed every penny of the costs of
         | both.
        
           | Alex3917 wrote:
           | > That seems like something that FEMA would be better
           | prepared to do.
           | 
           | Given that FEMA is perhaps best known for poisoning people
           | with toxic chemicals, who would really be the audience for
           | this?
           | 
           | https://grist.org/politics/people-are-still-living-in-
           | femas-...
        
             | primax wrote:
             | I'd say FEMA are best known for responding to emergencies,
             | and not poisoning people who have stayed in temporary
             | accommodation far longer than it was intended for
        
         | excalibur wrote:
         | That's FEMA's role, but otherwise that's a damn good question.
         | Yes the company that caused the mess should rightly be on the
         | hook for cleaning it up, but there's still a need for federal
         | disaster assistance.
        
           | bloopernova wrote:
           | The Ohio governor has not declared it a federal disaster
           | area. This prevents certain aid from being used, but
           | apparently FEMA is helping out.
           | 
           | There seems to be a lot of confusion about who asked for
           | what.
        
             | pmorici wrote:
             | That's not what was reported in the news. Sounds more like
             | when the Ohio governor requested federal assistance he was
             | given the cold shoulder.
             | 
             | https://www.foxnews.com/politics/biden-admin-turns-down-
             | ohio...
        
               | excalibur wrote:
               | https://www.snopes.com/news/2023/02/17/ohio-train-
               | derailment...
               | 
               | Debunked my own point along with that one. I'll take it
               | :)
        
           | award_ wrote:
           | I believe that has to be requested by the state and, to my
           | knowledge, that has not occurred.
        
       | thepasswordis wrote:
       | I'd like to see the head of the EPA, the transportation
       | secretary, the executive team at NS, and anybody in the Biden
       | administration who was involved in blocking the rail workers from
       | striking move into East Palestine and live there, with their
       | children.
       | 
       | Don't want to do that because it isn't safe? Then buy these
       | people all new homes. We can start the bidding at $1M per
       | household.
       | 
       | I cannot overstate the _fury_ that I feel watching this unfold.
       | The people living in small midwestern towns, the type of town
       | where I grew up, and where my family lives, are not disposable,
       | and their lives matter exactly as much as the peoples lives who
       | live on Martha 's Vinyard, or any other rich enclave.
       | 
       | Can you imagine a tanker load of toxic chemicals spilling into
       | the neighborhood around one of Biden's homes? Or on Mar A Lago?
       | Do you think there would be this much feet dragging about
       | cleaning it up?
       | 
       | It is further demoralizing to watch our President on a tour of
       | Ukraine, giving away _tens of billions of dollars_ to fight a
       | proxy war, when we are having citizens of _this_ country lose
       | their homes to an industrial disaster. No acceptable. If there is
       | money to fund a proxy war, then there is money to make the people
       | in East Palestine whole.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | ctrlaltdylan wrote:
         | I'm from the Northeast Ohio area, and also from a small town
         | like East Palestine. The lack of response from Governor DeWine
         | and malice to not declare a state of emergency is infuriating.
         | 
         | This rhymes with Flink Michigan's water crisis, and Obama
         | "drinking" the water in a publicity stunt:
         | https://www.factcheck.org/2019/03/posts-distort-facts-on-oba...
         | 
         | Vote democrat and only see the elite placate the working class.
         | Vote republican and see unions and the facade of environmental
         | protections decimated even further.
         | 
         | The fact this isn't covered in NYT or headlines on cable TV is
         | insane. How is this unprecedented disaster affecting a major
         | watershed not higher urgency than fucking balloons.
        
           | dashundchen wrote:
           | > The fact this isn't covered in NYT or headlines on cable TV
           | is insane
           | 
           | Seriously, where is this idea coming from? Search the NYT,
           | there's been coverage of the incident almost every day since
           | it happened - not just the incident and its causes, but also
           | on potential environmental fallout and meta-coverage of
           | journalism and conspiracies around the whole thing. Many
           | times it's been the top-line headline, at least when I am
           | logged in.
           | 
           | I've seen continuous coverage on NPR, in fact the subject of
           | this post is the current top headline on npr.org.
           | 
           | Every time I've been at a relative's who watches MSNBC I hear
           | it brought up at least once during news hour.
           | 
           | My local paper a couple hundred miles away, despite thin
           | coverage these days, has even had articles about what/any
           | impact the fire has in our region.
           | 
           | The only event I've seen the has had anywhere close to the
           | amount of coverage is the Turkey - Syria earthquake, which is
           | a global level natural disaster that's killed 46,000 people
           | and counting. I think that rightfully deserves coverage as
           | well.
           | 
           | What national outlets are you following that you haven't seen
           | coverage of this?
        
         | InCityDreams wrote:
         | I see you got the actual point you really wanted to make right
         | at the end, however poorly.
        
         | ezfe wrote:
         | For what it's worth, while we are sending billions of _value_
         | to Ukraine, we 're not literally just sending cash. Many of
         | these things have already been manufactured anyways, the money
         | has already been spent. Might as well use it instead of
         | throwing it away in another decade or two.
         | 
         | It's the same thing with space ships. The probe development
         | cost $565 million, but we're not just launching that money into
         | space. We're paying _people_ and _companies_ that money to
         | produce a probe, which supports our economy _and_ lets us go to
         | space.
         | 
         | note: I'm not trying to draw a comparison in mission goals
         | between a rocket ship to Pluto and funding the war in Ukraine
        
         | barbazoo wrote:
         | > It is further demoralizing to watch our President on a tour
         | of Ukraine, giving away tens of billions of dollars to fight a
         | proxy war
         | 
         | Because this made it sound like on this trip he gave them "tens
         | of billions of dollars", that's not correct.
         | 
         | > In his remarks alongside Zelensky, Biden said the United
         | States would provide another half-billion dollars of assistance
         | to Ukraine, including additional ammunition for the artillery
         | systems the United States previously provided.
         | 
         | https://www.washingtonpost.com/world/2023/02/20/president-bi...
        
           | thepasswordis wrote:
           | >Because this made it sound like on this trip he gave them
           | "tens of billions of dollars", that's not correct.
           | 
           | I'm sorry if you read that that way. That's now how I meant
           | it.
        
         | ChickenNugger wrote:
         | re: [flagged] lol, you can't criticize Democrats on HN. It's
         | verboten.
        
       | jmclnx wrote:
       | Glad to see this, and if Norfolk Southern goes bankrupt, all
       | assets go to the cleanup and high level execs are changed or are
       | forced to pay the difference.
       | 
       | Also, with this being in Ohio, I hope people in Ohio realize how
       | valuable the EPA is and stop voting for people who want to cut
       | every Gov Program except for Defense.
        
         | xwdv wrote:
         | Why would high level execs be forced to pay a difference? They
         | are ultimately just employees. Does a senior software engineer
         | get forced to pay a difference when a critical error results in
         | damages to an end user?
        
           | Avshalom wrote:
           | software engineers? no. actual engineers?
           | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malpractice
        
         | it_citizen wrote:
         | Unfortunately they rarely cut programs immediately. It would be
         | too easy to see the consequences.
         | 
         | Instead:
         | 
         | 1) freeze or reduce the budget
         | 
         | 2) put incompetent people in charge with crazy mission
         | statements
         | 
         | 3) wait a bit for the program to fail and skilled employees to
         | leave
         | 
         | 4) point at how inefficient and useless the government program
         | is
         | 
         | 5) replace it by private sector and contractors
         | 
         | It is a classic move and not just in the US.
        
           | piva00 wrote:
           | A classic example of this strategy being used in the past
           | 10-20 years outside of the US is the UK's NHS.
           | 
           | It's been slowly crippled, putting more and more pressure in
           | the system, and eventually the solution to be proposed when
           | the system finally collapses through malicious
           | maladministration will be to privatise it.
        
             | the_optimist wrote:
             | If this idea were completely backwards, there would be no
             | way to tell the difference from what you've suggested. In
             | fact, there isn't even a basic counterexample that holds
             | without predominant confounding factors.
             | 
             | In other words, unfortunately, this is theory is a non-
             | falsifiable conspiracy theory.
             | 
             | Edit: It is rather validating when poking a pet theory
             | produces a negative yet non-substantive response. Sure, go
             | on believing in fairies and yeti. Best of luck to your
             | children.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | Jeremy Hunt co-authored this in 2005 [0].
               | 
               | Look at the bits about denationalising the NHS.
               | 
               | I'd like to see your rebuttal to this book, genuinely
               | [1].
               | 
               | Edit: also this op-ed contains some more examples of the
               | process going on [2].
               | 
               | Please, refrain from name-calling and instead point
               | exactly where I'm wrong on what you so called a
               | "conspiracy theory". It's a baseless comment and you
               | haven't provided me anything to look further.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/e
               | br.2005...
               | 
               | [1] https://www.amazon.co.uk/How-Dismantle-NHS-Easy-
               | Steps/dp/178...
               | 
               | [2] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2019/oct/25
               | /boris-...
        
               | the_optimist wrote:
               | Merely pointing out that a theory for attacking the
               | system exists is not equivalent to attacking the system;
               | you have to assume malicious intent. There is no way to
               | differentiate merely scarce resources from supposedly
               | adversarial depletion. This market is fixed. Abject
               | failure is indistinguishable from success, in any form.
               | You are merely saying, "I assume you are malicious,"
               | which is a premise--not a conclusion. The same phenomenon
               | exists with the Piven-Cloward opponents. There's no
               | 'name-calling' here. The point stands on itself.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | To prove malicious intent without doubt would require me
               | to have access to the minds of the perpetrators of a
               | plan. I don't have such access, I do have access to their
               | intentions through an agenda document and their further
               | actions afterwards in government, such a plan would not
               | be presented as malicious so I can only derive its
               | intents from their agenda and actions to the results in
               | reality.
               | 
               | The results in reality is a system that has not coped
               | with its usage, one such example is presented in the op-
               | ed article I shared on [2] which states that McKinsey was
               | commissioned to provide a report which they concluded
               | there would be less need of nurses, which was false, that
               | report was used to reduce the budget for nurses which as
               | a result caused further reduction in force of nurses as
               | they quit because of lower pay. I can only derive that
               | it's malicious since the report is wrong and no action
               | was taken to correct the government's actions when
               | reality hit. The same op-ed links to another analysis
               | with this exact question [0].
               | 
               | > "In other words we didn't have enough nurses before to
               | provide a high quality service? Ah!" said John Humphrys
               | in shocked tones - as if this was a revelation the BBC's
               | flagship news programme had never heard before.
               | 
               | > But the BBC failed to ask the key question - why were
               | all the warning signs about nurse shortages, ignored?
               | 
               | > After all, NHS chiefs and ministers had been warned
               | clearly for years that there would be a shortage of
               | nurses, as a result of David Cameron's coalition
               | government cutting training places for nurses and doctors
               | from 2010 onwards. From 2010 through to 2013 the numbers
               | of nursing places commissioned at universities in England
               | were cut by 12.7% - resulting in 2500 fewer places. In
               | 2012 experts warned that this would result in a
               | "disaster" in two or three years. In all, the 2010
               | cutbacks (reversed only relatively recently) meant that
               | around 8000 fewer nurses were coming into the system.
               | 
               | Can you point me to any counterpoint to this where the
               | government's actions align to a non-malicious plan to
               | actually help the system, as misaligned as that plan
               | might be? Because every action I can find points to a
               | plan where the system is put under further struggle
               | without giving a good reason why it is sensible to, for
               | example, train less nurses when they were advised by NHS
               | chiefs and specialists they will require more. You can't
               | say that ignoring your chief specialists is not
               | malicious.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.opendemocracy.net/en/ournhs/nhs-staff-
               | shortage-s...
        
               | AnIdiotOnTheNet wrote:
               | You might have got more traction had you provided at
               | least one alternative explanation, or at least provided
               | more detail as to why you believe the given explanation
               | to be non-falsifiable.
               | 
               | It seems obvious to me that it would be falsifiable by
               | looking at a statement like "putting more and more
               | pressure on the system" and seeing if that has actually
               | been happening.
        
         | MSFT_Edging wrote:
         | Fines need to start being paid in company stock, its the only
         | thing companies are beholden to. Everything else is just a
         | price to wreck havoc.
         | 
         | The more the company purposefully puts people in danger, the
         | more nationally owned they are. Especially when it comes to
         | infrastructure like this.
         | 
         | "Sorry, you've been nationalized due to your continued efforts
         | in proving you cannot be trusted". Fines large enough to matter
         | would arguably hurt infrastructure and safety. Start taking
         | shares.
        
           | riffic wrote:
           | the federal government can step in and nationalize the
           | railroad at any point as it has done in the past (woodrow
           | wilson era iirc)
        
             | ccooffee wrote:
             | "Can" is doing a lot of heavy lifting here. I do not find
             | it a credible threat, and doubt any of these companies do
             | either. Perhaps one could argue that the 2008-2009 TARP
             | handling of some banks or automobile manufacturers was a
             | "light nationalization", as the US took control of _some_
             | stock of the affected companies. (This stock was later sold
             | off for a profit.) But other than that, and _maybe_ the
             | creation of the TSA in 2001, there isn't a nationalization
             | in my living memory.
             | 
             | The nationalization of railroads under Wilson lasted from
             | December 1917 to March 1920. During this time, operation
             | (including expansion and maintenance) of all railroads was
             | organized by the federal government. When the
             | nationalization was repealed in 1920, the US paid rail
             | companies for lost profits.
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | Oh I'm aware, this is more a general idea for "too big to
             | fail" companies in general. Our infrastructure is rotten
             | and often privatized. No one has the funds and ability to
             | hold companies like this accountable except for the federal
             | government.
             | 
             | Look at Steven Donzinger. He reported on toxic spills by
             | Chevron in Nicaragua that poisoned indigenous water
             | supplies. Chevron hired a private prosecutor and found a
             | judge in their favor to force him into house arrest(for
             | over a year) for not supplying a document.
             | 
             | Large corporations have the cards stacked in their favor.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | It's almost like we shouldn't allow companies to grow so
               | large, and that a company being larger than most
               | countries doesn't provide any benefit to the consumer.
        
           | ROTMetro wrote:
           | This is a great idea. And I like the idea of fines being X%
           | shares outstanding, not X dollars as that proportionally
           | penalizes shareholders for not being good corporate owners.
           | It's a win in so many ways.
        
             | gretch wrote:
             | This probably doesn't do the thing you want it to do
             | 
             | 1) if there is a demand to have something, it usually
             | raises price of that thing. You could interpret this as a
             | forced buyback, which may raise prices of shares (and thus
             | reward bad behavior)
             | 
             | 2) what does the govt do with the stock after it has the
             | stock? It doesn't have a system for processing it, as it
             | does with USD
             | 
             | Also, why shouldn't you penalize shareholders? In the
             | future they'll think twice about investing in companies
             | that cut corners to juice short term gains
        
               | shanebellone wrote:
               | "Also, why shouldn't you penalize shareholders? In the
               | future they'll think twice about investing in companies
               | that cut corners to juice short term gains"
               | 
               | +1
               | 
               | Losses speak louder than words.
        
           | mulmen wrote:
           | That creates an incentive structure for regulators to fine
           | valuable companies and to do no harm to their long term
           | value. It's the opposite incentive structure you want in
           | regulators.
        
           | jefftk wrote:
           | This doesn't really make sense. If the company owes more in
           | fines than it's worth, existing shareholders get nothing and
           | the company belongs to its creditors. If it owes large
           | amounts to the government, those claims convert into
           | ownership too.
        
             | MSFT_Edging wrote:
             | Rather than converting the liquid operating budget into
             | paid fines, it converts the shares retained by the company.
             | 
             | A company this big doesn't need to sell shares to get
             | operating capital. This should apply to any company that
             | does stock buybacks to inflate stock price, rather than
             | reinvesting into their company, employees, etc.
        
               | jefftk wrote:
               | Depending on the details, this is the same as charging a
               | fine in money or it's worse.
               | 
               | Say the company is worth $1B and has 10M shares that are
               | trading at $100 each. Now there's an accident that will
               | lead to a $100M fine. This get priced in, the value of
               | the company is now $900M, and the stock goes to
               | $90/share. Whether they send $100M to the government in
               | cash or by issuing 11M shares, either way the stock price
               | stays at $90 and investors are equally affected.
               | 
               | On the other hand, if the amount of the fine is higher
               | than the value of the company you'd much rather be a
               | creditor than a shareholder, since in bankruptcy the
               | stock goes to zero.
        
         | dsfyu404ed wrote:
         | It's much more complex than "EPA good".
         | 
         | The EPA wasn't looking like they were gonna do much until the
         | situation was so fucked, or at least fucked looking, that there
         | were potential political brownie points to be earned crapping
         | on their inaction at which point they cleaned up their act and
         | did something.
         | 
         | Environmental protection has been a very mixed bag for middle
         | America over the past ~60yr. This disaster is doing anything
         | but endearing the EPA to the people of Ohio or Middle America
         | generally. I think at best it's a lateral move.
        
         | irrational wrote:
         | Why defense? If someone seriously attacked the USA, Ohio would
         | be one of the last places they would go for. It would be the
         | Democrat states like CA and NY that would be hit first. You
         | would think they would be in favor of having less defense so
         | those liberals in CA can be taken out.
        
           | suresk wrote:
           | There is no credible threat of invasion of the mainland US,
           | even with a much smaller military, so the difference in
           | threat to CA/NY vs Ohio is pretty small. And, at any rate,
           | Defense budget support is more due to economic implications
           | of bases/contractors in the states/districts of people in
           | congress and military worship/nationalism in the US than it
           | is any sort of logical assessment of threats.
        
         | jimkleiber wrote:
         | I wonder if expanding our definition of defense would
         | help...EPA defends the air and water and other public sources
         | from things that will harm the environment and us. Literally
         | has "protection" in the name. Maybe we think it's only
         | protecting the "environment" and that we are separate from the
         | environment.
        
           | gretch wrote:
           | I think the left usually has very weak messaging (as opposed
           | to the right which has strong messaging but is sometimes just
           | blatantly false).
           | 
           | Maybe you could call voters to action by saying we need to
           | "protect our -lands-" (stronger ring than air or water) or
           | even better, "protect our -people- from having to live in a
           | toxic environment".
        
             | dahfizz wrote:
             | I find the current situation really ironic.
             | 
             | In my experience, conservatives care way more about the
             | environment than anyone. They are the people who live,
             | hunt, hike, farm, fish in the woods. The average
             | conservative farmer/hillbilly has a much more personal
             | connection with "the environment" than the average urban
             | liberal.
             | 
             | But all things environment became associated with the left,
             | so republicans have to reject it as a matter of course.
             | 
             | I think we need one good advertising campaign to seriously
             | change people's minds. Something like, "Be a good steward
             | of God's green earth". If we spoke their language, it would
             | click.
        
               | jimkleiber wrote:
               | I agree with both of you. I talked with a friend about
               | this a while back and it seemed that so much of the
               | language about climate change focused on evoking fear of
               | apocalypse, and overlooked so many other emotions related
               | to the environment. I wondered what it'd look like if
               | instead of showing photos of ducks in oil, we talked
               | about what pristine nature looks like, feels like smells
               | like. Crystal clear waters, creeks one can drink from,
               | etc. Maybe the combination. Something pulling on other
               | emotions besides just terror.
        
         | xadhominemx wrote:
         | I think you're overestimating the cost of this cleanup by 2 or
         | 3 orders of magnitude. Vinyl chloride is not particularly
         | toxic, has low environmental persistence, and does not
         | bioaccumulate.
        
           | spaceguillotine wrote:
           | wait for the civil suits for all the animal die offs for ag
           | industry, and medical bills from exposure... then tell us how
           | cheap it will be. I hope they end up in Jail.
        
             | xadhominemx wrote:
             | Which animal die offs? Like I said, vinyl chloride has very
             | poor environmental and biological persistence. Any die off
             | of livestock that was going to happen would have happened 2
             | weeks ago.
        
             | digdugdirk wrote:
             | The medical costs alone should be an eye popping number.
             | 
             | Its going to be interesting to see the interplay between
             | infrastructure/healthcare/environmental regulations with
             | this completely preventable, entirely foreseeable accident
             | over the coming years.
        
               | s1artibartfast wrote:
               | What medical costs? The town has ~4000 residents. If they
               | pay for several doctors visits and checkups, we are
               | talking about a couple million dollars.
               | 
               | They could cover health insurance for the entire town for
               | a similar cost per year.
               | 
               | Replacing the train is likely to be more expensive.
               | 
               | The real cost will probably be environmental testing and
               | remediation. Even if there isn't an big impact, it will
               | take a lot of money to collect the data to prove it.
        
               | digdugdirk wrote:
               | I was thinking lifetime costs. Every future case of
               | cancer is going to be looked at and traced back, whether
               | it's known to be directly attributable to the event or
               | not. This is just a huge (un)natural experiment.
        
             | InCityDreams wrote:
             | Hearsay: in Germany if US vehicle kills a pig, uncle sam is
             | on the line for 6 generations of what hat pig could produce
             | ...
        
           | HarryHirsch wrote:
           | Well, yes. But there was also several tank cars of acrylic
           | ester that were breached and whose contents are now on the
           | way into the groundwater. Anyone whose water is from a
           | private well is not to be envied.
        
             | xadhominemx wrote:
             | Are you talking about Ethylhexyl acrylate? Not very toxic
             | outside of high dose acute exposures.
        
               | thatguy0900 wrote:
               | Surely you would volunteer to drink low doses in all your
               | drinking water for the rest of your life then?
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | If I drank private well water in east Palestine I would
               | make sure that contamination was closely monitored and
               | drink bottled water for a while. Drinking water from the
               | tap? Yes I would do that.
        
               | HarryHirsch wrote:
               | I take you have never handled acrylic esters - the stuff
               | smells distressing, it's likely a sensitizer, and from
               | its reactivity it just can't be good for you.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | > Not very toxic outside of high dose acute exposures
               | 
               | Such as when your well is contaminated...
        
         | mushbino wrote:
         | I'm really hoping the residents and rail workers realize they
         | need to come together for this common cause. Unfortunately,
         | busting the rail strike as both parties did only contributes to
         | this problem in a major way. Nobody is coming to save us. These
         | issues can only be resolved with people coming together in
         | collective action.
         | 
         | As a side note, i hope they go bankrupt and we expropriate
         | them. Railroads are too important to leave largely to the
         | private sector. Our rail infrastructure compared to really any
         | developed nation is abysmally sad.
        
           | maybelsyrup wrote:
           | Nationalize the railroads, 100%.
        
             | jcranmer wrote:
             | Considering what happened the last time the railroads were
             | nationalized, I doubt that's a very good idea.
        
               | kevviiinn wrote:
               | Which was what, exactly?
        
               | jcranmer wrote:
               | Essentially, the US government undermaintained the
               | railroads (the modern public transit scourge of "deferred
               | maintenance" practiced a hundred years ago). It ran the
               | railroads with a more or less single-minded mindset to
               | supplying war goods, and after the war was over, kept a
               | heavy touch on the railroads which made them unable to
               | adapt to the increasing competition from heavily-
               | subsidized highways and airlines, which combined with the
               | headache of "deferred maintenance" meant that railroads
               | suffered from about 1920 to 1980. (It wasn't until the
               | failure of Penn Central that things really started
               | getting better.)
        
           | kflfpfp wrote:
           | [flagged]
        
             | Meerax wrote:
             | Our rail infrastructure is abysmal. Nationalizing it is
             | perhaps not the way to go, but a serious change needs to
             | happen. Speaking as a former Ohioan who grew up in the Ohio
             | river valley.
        
             | adgjlsfhk1 wrote:
             | Name a country with good rail that hasn't nationalized it
             | (hint, you can't).
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | Japan privatized their railway in the early 90s. It's
               | really good. This is not an endorsement of privatization
               | just a counterpoint to the argument of national vs
               | privatized transport systems. What it means is leadership
               | and management has to be truly held accountable.
        
               | input_sh wrote:
               | Worth pointing out that a major part of why it works in
               | Japan is that rail companies also own real estate around
               | stations. High foot traffic allows them to charge high
               | rent to stores.
        
               | yardie wrote:
               | This is also the business model for the private rail in
               | Hong Kong, Singapore, and now Florida with Brightline.
               | 
               | The Brightline model is surprising because it shouldn't
               | work. Miami and Orlando aren't well thought of for there
               | public transit systems. Yet, this premium intercity train
               | is expanding. I'm not convinced they are profitable as a
               | train, but they own the property around downtown train
               | stations which is really hot right now.
        
               | margalabargala wrote:
               | Japan is well known for its excellent rail system, which
               | is almost entirely privately run.
               | 
               | For European countries your point stands.
               | 
               | If companies in the US and Europe had the same sense of
               | social duty that companies in Japan do, this wouldn't be
               | an issue in the first place, though.
        
               | johnny22 wrote:
               | japan maybe? I don't know all the details of their setup
               | though. I know there are multiple lines managed by
               | multiple different companies though.
        
             | a_JIT_pie wrote:
             | A big reason Amtrak is so shit is due to private rail
             | industry taking priority on our shitty track
             | infrastructure.
        
               | User23 wrote:
               | It used to be any railroad that wanted to carry US Mail,
               | so all of them, was required to hitch at least one
               | passenger car onto their trains. The railroad executives
               | insisted that this was so burdensome it would put them
               | out of business so the law was changed. But before that
               | change you could take a train to literally anywhere in
               | the USA where freight trains go, which is basically
               | everywhere including many small towns.
               | 
               | E.B. White wrote a marvelous essay on the subject called
               | _The Railroad_.
        
             | braingenious wrote:
             | lol at "publicly managed public infrastructure is literally
             | the same thing as genocide!! Ceausescu also built roads,
             | MURDERER"
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | linuxftw wrote:
       | > Identify and clean up contaminated soil and water resources.
       | 
       | So, the EPA isn't going to identify which soils and waters were
       | contaminated? This is going to be like a pharmaceutical company
       | running their own safety trials. "Nothing to see here."
        
         | galleywest200 wrote:
         | The order states that Norfolk is paying for this, but the EPA
         | is supplying the contractors.
         | 
         | > Identify and clean up contaminated soil and water resources.
         | 
         | > Reimburse EPA for cleaning services to be offered to
         | residents and businesses to provide an additional layer of
         | reassurance, which will be conducted by EPA staff and
         | contractors.
         | 
         | > Attend and participate in public meetings at EPA's request
         | and post information online.
         | 
         | > Pay for EPA's costs for work performed under this order.
        
       | jhallenworld wrote:
       | The problem is that the EPA has no credibility. They demonstrably
       | lied after 9/11 about the air quality in Manhattan. Maybe you
       | could say that it was a necessary lie to encourage people to
       | clean up, join the rescue effort, get back to work, etc. But now
       | why should I trust the EPA to not lie about Palestine? All of the
       | same arguments for a good lie apply. The people in charge today
       | are only going to worry about the immediate short term risk, and
       | definitely will not care about long term risk- by the time you
       | get cancer, they will have been long out of power.
        
       | thechao wrote:
       | Has anyone seen a good analysis on what went wrong? I found a
       | USAToday article with a partial fragment saying that one of the
       | wheels had a failed bearing, and this was the proximal cause of
       | the derailment. It seems to me that (as pointed out in the
       | article) the mean-time-to-failure increases with the length of
       | the train; perhaps nonlinearly? I think the failure rate of
       | bearings is proportional to the length of the train, but you
       | can't "amortize" failure: any failed bearing would lead to a
       | catastrophic error?
       | 
       | To my mind this means that things like ECP (which have been
       | removed) _might 've_ fixed the issue, but the fundamental problem
       | is the train _length_ , which has been discussed (in all of its
       | negatives) here, before.
       | 
       | In that sense, the train company is directly at fault: they are
       | engaging in unsafe practices in order to remain profitable, and
       | the practices are fundamentally not safe-able (to make up a
       | word).
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | We know the bearing was on fire for 20+ miles before it
         | derailed, and it passed through at least one hotbox detector in
         | that condition without being detected. On average, such
         | detectors are placed every 10-20 miles. The one in East
         | Palestine spotted the problem but it was too late to prevent
         | the derailment.
         | 
         | Maybe a start would be to adjust regulation such that detectors
         | need to be placed with higher frequency. ECP is a nice idea,
         | but that's a last ditch effort and not a generalized solution.
        
           | erentz wrote:
           | Do we know it was without being detected? I got the
           | impression somewhere that it was ignored because they
           | frequently are for a while due to lack of sidings of adequate
           | length to stop in.
        
             | akira2501 wrote:
             | The length of the siding shouldn't prevent you from using
             | it. It should just require the main track to be signalled
             | stopped for other traffic in either direction while you are
             | occupying it during the set out procedure. If the train is
             | long enough, this could be quite a long time if you have to
             | dump and then rebuild working pressure in the brake system.
        
               | orbz wrote:
               | There's also the possibility that mechanical parts will
               | seize up (especially in the case of overheated bearings)
               | and will be unable to get moving again if you stop.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | I mean, if attempted to apply the same logic to driving
               | your car I would say you should have your license taken
               | away.
               | 
               | They can always split the train and cart off the working
               | cars to a siding, and then if need be drag the sparkler
               | at low speed with little risk of derailment. Or worst,
               | you bring in a crane and replace the bogie on a siding.
               | Or any number of actions that don't start a statewide
               | emergency. Talk about normalizing deviance in name of
               | profits.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | That is still better then a derailment of a train
               | carrying toxic chemicals...
        
         | Ericson2314 wrote:
         | https://homesignalblog.wordpress.com/2021/12/27/efficiency-a...
         | for the general issues. Uday is writing a senior thesis on this
         | topic, I believe, which should be a great read.
        
         | jabroni_salad wrote:
         | They shipped the wheelset to DC for inspection but we haven't
         | seen the report from that inspection yet. They are also going
         | to inspect the actual site, but are waiting until the site is
         | decontaminated.
         | 
         | So we might get a good ruling on the bearing in the coming
         | weeks but based on other reports that I have read (and I quite
         | enjoy the industrial disaster genre of podcast/video) it will
         | probably be a year or two before the full report is complete.
        
           | puffoflogic wrote:
           | > are waiting until the site is decontaminated
           | 
           | Right. It's all completely harmless and there's no risk to
           | any residents, but the site is also too contaminated for
           | investigators to make even a very brief visit. Makes sense to
           | me.
        
         | hammock wrote:
         | There are thousands of derailments every year.
         | 
         | The bigger problem is not the derailment but the fact that they
         | released and burned off the vinyl chloride in order to
         | expeditiously clear the tracks and get them running again, at
         | great health and environmental cost to the local community and
         | even several states in the windshed to the northeast (PA, NY,
         | VT)
        
           | naasking wrote:
           | > There are thousands of derailments every year. The bigger
           | problem is not the derailment [...]
           | 
           | I think that's a problem worth discussing as well. Obama
           | passed legislation to upgrade trains braking systems to make
           | them a lot safer, which was then weakened by lobbying, which
           | was then repealed by Trump, then the rail companies spent
           | billions in stock buybacks and tried to tighten the screws on
           | their labour force even further for cost-cutting reasons.
           | 
           | There are a lot of pathological behaviours that have gone
           | into "thousands of derailments per year" that are worth
           | discussing, and I'd say those are a lot more important than
           | just this one derailment.
        
             | tzs wrote:
             | > Obama passed legislation to upgrade trains braking
             | systems to make them a lot safer, which was then weakened
             | by lobbying, which was then repealed by Trump
             | 
             | I'm not sure it was political. The FAST Act, the
             | legislation from 2015 that mandated that regulators require
             | ECP brakes on some trains also required that the National
             | Academy of Sciences produce a report on the effectiveness
             | of such brakes which would then be used to review the
             | regulation to see if the assumptions behind it were valid.
             | The regulators then had to either publish an explanation of
             | how the regulation was justified or repeal it.
             | 
             | In 2017 the NAS report came out, and found that there
             | really wasn't much evidence either way, and said they were
             | unable to conclude that ECP brakes would outperform other
             | types of brakes.
             | 
             | Given that NAS report I am not at all sure that the outcome
             | would have been different under a Clinton administration.
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | The way to put the screws to the rail companies isn't to
             | regulate better brakes - just have the NTSB have a policy
             | of shutting down any line that has a derailment for months
             | or longer. The companies will solve it themselves.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | Fine them millions per derailment. Increasing with each
               | one.
        
               | bombcar wrote:
               | This can work but they can fight fines, or eat it as cost
               | of business. Much harder to argue against a safety-
               | shutdown.
        
               | clcaev wrote:
               | The rail companies are "too big to fail" since they are
               | core national logistics.
        
               | wing-_-nuts wrote:
               | >they are core national logistics
               | 
               | If they cannot operate safely and they are essential to
               | our national security, perhaps they should be
               | nationalized. I bet the threat of nationalization would
               | get their collective asses in gear.
        
               | katbyte wrote:
               | Then maybe they shouldn't be private companies that cut
               | corners for profit putting both people and that
               | logistical operation at risk.
        
           | schiffern wrote:
           | >and even several states in the windshed to the northeast
           | (PA, NY, VT)
           | 
           | My understanding is that contemporaneous weather radar[0] put
           | the plume _southeast_ at the time of the burn.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.wdtn.com/news/ohio/east-palestine-train-
           | derailme...
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | That is good info, thanks for sharing.
             | 
             | Here is the model that NOAA created - and which has not
             | been officially released to the public yet: https://twitter
             | .com/FalconryFinance/status/16258723275684208...
        
               | schiffern wrote:
               | Thanks, I had not seen that.
               | 
               | On the journalism side, the source seems to be extremely
               | alarmist,[0] so I doubt much skepticism was practiced
               | there.
               | 
               | On the NOAA side, it would be interesting to see the full
               | set of assumptions behind this model. I would presume the
               | vast majority of emissions would occur during the burn
               | itself (February 6th, afternoon), but this model seems to
               | assume a significant (undiminished?) outflow at midnight
               | on February 8th.
               | 
               | "Garbage in, garbage out."
               | 
               | [0] https://twitter.com/FalconryFinance/status/1625875297
               | 4837637...
        
           | SkyPuncher wrote:
           | > fact that they released and burned off the vinyl chloride
           | in order to expeditiously clear the tracks and get them
           | running again
           | 
           | I was under the impression that there was risk of a Boiling
           | liquid expanding vapor explosion which would have been even
           | more catastrophic than the "controlled" release and burn off.
        
           | xadhominemx wrote:
           | They burned off the vinyl chloride because the combustion
           | products are relatively benign, it was much safer to
           | remediation personnel to ignite the chemicals in a controlled
           | burn vs having them work around flammable chemicals for
           | weeks, vinyl chloride is quite volatile and acute exposure to
           | high concentrations of vinyl chloride vapor is dangerous, and
           | they wanted to get everyone back in their homes (and yes, get
           | the railroad back up and running) as quickly as safely
           | permissible.
        
             | hammock wrote:
             | >the combustion products are relatively benign
             | 
             | Who told you that? Phosgene and dioxins are "relatively
             | benign"? Dioxins might more properly be called forever
             | chemicals, and will contaminate the soil and water of five
             | states for decades.
             | 
             | I understand they were trying to avoid a bleve. The
             | solution they chose was not based principally on minimizing
             | citizen harm though
        
               | mindslight wrote:
               | I haven't seen anything concrete about dioxins coming
               | from the burning of vinyl chloride. From what I've seen,
               | the known dioxin problem is from the burning _PVC_ ,
               | which was in bulk cars that were ignited by the
               | derailment (as opposed to deliberately set on fire).
               | 
               | FWIW Only one vinyl chloride car was listed as leaking. I
               | would think the alternative was to bring in mobile pumps,
               | new tanker cars, and possibly chillers. And that should
               | probably be made the default standard, rather than
               | defaulting to "controlled" release in an emergent
               | situation.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | Someone else a few days ago linked a paper that measured
               | minuscule amounts of dioxins from burning vinyl chloride.
               | Minuscule as in measurable, but probably not a concern.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Phosgene also has very low environmental persistence. I
               | think the actual amount of dioxin created from combustion
               | of vinyl chloride monomer at atmospheric pressure is very
               | low. In any event, both were dispersed into the
               | atmosphere at concentrations that pose(d) very little
               | danger to people outside of the temporary evacuation
               | zone.
        
               | Blackthorn wrote:
               | My friend from East Palestine took a video of the water
               | in a creek that runs outside his house. The water is
               | rainbow like an oil spill. This was yesterday. Whatever
               | they combusted and dispersed, it's very much still there
               | and I sure wouldn't want to be drinking that water.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | I mean, i imagine that whatever contamination that is, is
               | separate from the combustion products that went into the
               | atmosphere.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Probably a biofilm.
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | If it's the same photo, a biologist weighed in on it on
               | Twitter and suggested exactly that.
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | I stand corrected. They did a great job and no one in
               | East Palestine is sick
        
               | jokowueu wrote:
               | All of that smoke and no one got sick ? Hard to believe
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | They evacuated people first.
        
               | ballenf wrote:
               | Wasn't the mandatory evacuation order only for a 1-mile
               | radius?
        
               | crazygringo wrote:
               | How much larger are you suggesting it needed to be, and
               | based on what?
               | 
               | Since hot smoke travels upwards, I don't know what making
               | the zone wider would have accomplished.
        
               | jrockway wrote:
               | I don't want to downplay anything that happened here, but
               | if you said a train of dihydrogen monoxide derailed and
               | the vapors were spreading through the community, some
               | number of people would come forward claiming to be sick.
               | Statistically, someone is going to wake up with a cold on
               | the day of the derailment. And the brain is a very
               | powerful drug, if you scare someone with a chemical
               | spill, they can show symptoms regardless of whether or
               | not some chemical is acting on their body.
               | 
               | This is a risky comment to make, because it sounds like I
               | am supporting NS's cleanup plan, and I'm not. I'm just
               | saying that people saying they're sick doesn't mean the
               | plan was executed incorrectly.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | That is correct. Not a single person in East Palestine
               | was hospitalized.
        
               | mlindner wrote:
               | Correct. There is no one in East Palestine who got sick
               | from this.
               | 
               | There's many derailments throughout the country and
               | chemical spills of other sorts have happened many times.
        
               | AndyMcConachie wrote:
               | People's dogs and cats just up and died. Last time I
               | checked humans are also mammals that breath.
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | > There is no one in East Palestine who got sick from
               | this.
               | 
               | You're saying this a decade or two early, don't you
               | think? Cancer rates are a trailing indicator.
               | 
               | I'm not going to try to address the normalization of
               | deviance implicit in the rest of your comment, because
               | what would be the point?
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | My first job (1983) was as a bench tech, at a defense
               | contractor (microwave spy stuff/TEMPEST).
               | 
               | We all had these little bottles on our benches, with a
               | funny silver lid that acted a bit like a "birdbath"[0].
               | You pumped it a couple of times, and the contents would
               | come up, into a shallow bowl. You'd then take a long
               | "Q-Tip" swab, dip it in the liquid, and use that to clean
               | flux off the PCB you were fixing.
               | 
               | They also had open buckets, and people would wash entire
               | assemblies off, in these buckets.
               | 
               | The liquid was trichlor[1]. We had _gallons_ of it,
               | sloshing around. If you got any on your hand, it made the
               | skin turn white, and flake off. It smelled like the demon
               | spawn of acetone and gasoline.
               | 
               | We were _assured_ that it was _completely_ benign, and
               | not to worry our pretty little heads over it.
               | 
               | Let's just say that it can take some time to overcome
               | [in]vested bias.
               | 
               | [0] https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832673900981.html
               | 
               | [1] https://www.cancer.gov/about-cancer/causes-
               | prevention/risk/s...
        
               | HeyLaughingBoy wrote:
               | 1-1-1 Trichloroethane???
               | 
               | Even in 1990 or so when I first came across it (also for
               | cleaning PC boards), it was known to be hazardous.
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | Yup. This was in 1983.
               | 
               | Lots of pretty hairy stuff, in that lab. The gold-plating
               | room had 50-gallon drums of cyanide.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | None of the contaminants are carcinogenic, really
        
               | throwanem wrote:
               | > Vinyl chloride is a mutagen having clastogenic effects
               | which affect lymphocyte chromosomal structure.[20][22]
               | Vinyl chloride is a Group 1 human carcinogen posing
               | elevated risks of rare angiosarcoma, brain and lung
               | tumors, and malignant haematopoeitic lymphatic
               | tumors.[23] Chronic exposure leads to common forms of
               | respiratory failure (emphysema, pulmonary fibrosis) and
               | focused hepatotoxicity (hepatomegaly, hepatic fibrosis).
               | Continuous exposure can cause CNS depression including
               | euphoria and disorientation. Decreased male libido,
               | miscarriage, and birth defects are known major
               | reproductive defects associated with vinyl chloride.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Yes, they found elevated rates of some cancers in people
               | who spent their careers in poorly ventilated vinyl
               | chloride production facilities. For the sort of
               | concentrations and durations we're talking about in East
               | Palestine, it's not carcinogenic.
        
               | creato wrote:
               | Maybe this is out of date, but:
               | 
               | > There is also the theoretical possibility of burning
               | vinyl chloride forming dioxins which are known
               | carcinogens. So far, no dioxins have been detected.
               | 
               | https://www.mcgill.ca/oss/article/health-and-nutrition-
               | histo...
        
               | hammock wrote:
               | Have they tested for dioxins? Can you share?
        
             | treeman79 wrote:
             | https://youtu.be/L1I6eVP8QQk
             | 
             | Rivers are filled with something that's heavier than water.
             | Fish are all dying.
        
               | Blackthorn wrote:
               | Same from a video a friend took yesterday, but he didn't
               | even need to disturb the creek, it just had the sheen on
               | top right there.
        
               | xadhominemx wrote:
               | Fish are extremely sensitive and die off all the time
               | from levels of contamination that don't pose much concern
               | for people.
        
         | dgrin91 wrote:
         | From what I read the NTSB has not started its investigation
         | because their are waiting for the train cars to finish being
         | cleaned up. After that they will begin and we'll get some
         | preliminary findings and eventually final report
        
         | twobitshifter wrote:
         | The hotbox detector could have seen the bearing overheating and
         | been ignored, or have malfunctioned or just not been sensitive
         | enough to detect the problem when the train passed. It's old
         | tech that should have caught this in most cases. The even older
         | tech solution would be adding a caboose on trains carrying
         | hazardous materials. Maybe you don't need a caboose today but
         | someone watching cameras in a cube could do the same thing.
         | 
         | ECP does not seem like a solution, and addressing how hazardous
         | chemicals are moved is something that needs to be done.
        
       | pookha wrote:
       | Apparently there are something like 1K derailments a year in the
       | US? Had no idea...Seems pretty high.
       | 
       | https://www.washingtonpost.com/transportation/2023/02/17/tra...
        
         | fineIllregister wrote:
         | Most derailments are completely uneventful. The train just
         | barely goes off the tracks and slows to a stop, remaining
         | completely upright. I've heard from people that they were on a
         | passenger train that derailed and didn't even know it until the
         | conductor told them.
        
         | fr0sty wrote:
         | https://www.poynter.org/fact-checking/2023/why-train-derailm...
         | 
         | Most derailments are in train yards. Few cause injuries, fewer
         | cause deaths, and only a handful involve hazardous substances.
         | I don't say that to downplay the mess in OH/PA, but just to
         | make sure the base-rate is understood.
         | 
         | And if you want to compare to europe it looks like US freight
         | rail volume is at least 6x as large. Also no idea if/how they
         | count "fender bender" derailments in switching yards. US
         | standard is >$12k in damage according to TFA.
        
           | mlindner wrote:
           | A couple months ago I watched an amateur train nerd on
           | youtube cover a derailment that dumped a load of bitumin/tar
           | into a river and destroyed a bridge. This kind of thing
           | happens pretty commonly. No national news covered it, only a
           | couple of local news stations, at least from what I could
           | find on youtube/googling.
           | 
           | It's confusing to me why this specific incident got so much
           | attention.
        
             | katbyte wrote:
             | Link? That sounds like a channel I'd be interested in
             | 
             | And this got the attention it did because it's far more
             | severe then one load of tar/bitumen in a river - and far
             | more toxic made potentially worse from the choice to. Burn
             | it off to clear the tracks faster
        
             | bombcar wrote:
             | Probably because it was literally visible from space (one
             | it was lit on fire).
        
             | Ar-Curunir wrote:
             | Maybe it should be confusing to you why more such harmful
             | derailings are not getting as much attention
        
         | fh973 wrote:
         | Indeed... the EU has a similar network size and there it's less
         | than 100:
         | https://twitter.com/HerrNaumann/status/1626342809438502918
         | 
         | Edit: less than 100 (Entgleisungen).
        
           | rootusrootus wrote:
           | How much less than 1000 (my German is pretty rusty)? e.g. 900
           | vs 1100 is not really statistically different, and doesn't
           | suggest a systemic problem. Especially given the heavy focus
           | on shipping for the US rail network versus passengers in the
           | EU. Tracks in the US that are used for passengers are
           | maintained better than shipping-only tracks, for sure.
        
             | chmod775 wrote:
             | The second row in that chart shows derailments. So 104
             | derailments in 2014 and 68 derailments in 2016.
             | 
             | That extrapolates to be in roughly the same ballpark (only
             | by a factor of ~2x off) with what this sibling comment
             | pointed out: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34886899
        
             | hellerve wrote:
             | 2 per week, i.e. roughly 100.
        
             | [deleted]
        
             | piva00 wrote:
             | Entgleisungen would be derailments.
             | 
             | The EU-27 transported 2,927 billion ton-kilometres of rail
             | freight, the US ~2,200 billion ton-kilometres.
        
             | fr0sty wrote:
             | Some light googling gives me 390B kilometer-tonnes[1] in
             | Europe and 1.6T ton-miles[2] in the US for 2019. So that is
             | 6x the freight movement.
             | 
             | The US rail network also >2x longer than Europe[3]
             | (360,000km vs 151,000km).
             | 
             | [1] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
             | explained/index.php...
             | 
             | [2] https://www.statista.com/statistics/198443/us-class-i-
             | freigh...
             | 
             | [3] https://www.floridarail.com/news/6-key-differences-
             | between-a...
        
               | danhor wrote:
               | Cursory googling throws out various different numbers for
               | the rail length with english wikipedia saying that
               | they're both roughly equal size at 210 vs 220 Mm (https:/
               | /en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_countries_by_rail_tran...)
               | with old UIC data, the German one citing the cia world
               | factbook which specifies 230Mm for the European union and
               | 300Mm for the US (https://www.cia.gov/the-world-
               | factbook/field/railways/).
               | 
               | I highly doubt that the US rail network is twice the size
               | of the EU one by most metrics, I guess different methods
               | for counting length were mixed there (e.g. how is single-
               | track vs double-track counted).
               | 
               | This is taking europe as in the EU, as anything else is
               | annoying.
               | 
               | It'd also be pretty interesting to get the frequency of
               | passenger rail derailments vs freight derailments to more
               | accurately compare the numbers given the high amount of
               | passenger rail in EU. As a very rough idea, the first
               | document I found giving any indication about the
               | distribution had 2 dangerous freight derailments and 3
               | dangerous passenger train derailments in germany for 2021
               | (https://www.eisenbahn-
               | unfalluntersuchung.de/SharedDocs/Downl... P. 16ff.).
               | 
               | The EU also differs from the US in that that cargo trains
               | are much shorter, leading to more trains needed for the
               | same amount of freight cars. So the question is does the
               | rate of derailments scale with the number of individual
               | cars or with the number of trains?
               | 
               | EDIT:
               | 
               | Looking at the floridarail.com link, they say that the US
               | has a broader gauge than europe. Since almost all of the
               | US is standard gauge and almost all of europe is standard
               | gauge or wider, this is just wrong. It's also news to me
               | that europe (specifically germany) doesn't allow toxic
               | chemicals to be transported over rail. The article seems
               | a bit iffy.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | >So the question is does the rate of derailments scale
               | with the number of individual cars or with the number of
               | trains?
               | 
               | You have to take in a much larger number of factors than
               | that.
               | 
               | The railroad industry is currently pushing their new just
               | in time paradigm which has been leading to attempted
               | strikes in the US (Uncle Joe says no) by the railroad
               | workers. The railroad operators are pushing for longer
               | trains, less engineers per train, and less inspection
               | time per car while also playing computerized shipping
               | optimizations that put the number of 'hazards' on a train
               | just below the regulated minimum number of cars so they
               | don't have to declare it.
               | 
               | It's just ironic that this incident that got national
               | news happened so quickly after the railroad co's got
               | their no right to strike validated. It looks like it
               | could very well be their undoing.
        
               | piva00 wrote:
               | I believe this dataset per quarter [0] is more accurate,
               | it adds up to some ~1.8-2b ton-kilometres for the EU-27.
               | 
               | [0] https://ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-
               | explained/index.php...
        
         | tristor wrote:
         | >Seems pretty high.
         | 
         | This is a similar discrepancy between the technical meaning of
         | language as used in statistics, and the popular usage of
         | language as the layperson understands it when they read it in
         | the news as happens with the term "mass shooting".
         | 
         | When a layperson hears "train derailment" they think of what
         | happened in Ohio. When a layperson hears "mass shooting" they
         | think of what happened at Uvalde.
         | 
         | In actuality, as far as the statistics are concerned, a train
         | derailment is ANY time a train has a wheel that goes off of the
         | track which is not part of a planned maintenance. These are
         | rarely catastrophic.
         | 
         | In actuality, as far as the statistics are concerned, a mass
         | shooting is ANY time a shooting has more than 3 victims,
         | regardless of location. 99% of these are gang shootings in the
         | inner city, in the 1.3% of US counties that make up 90% of all
         | violent crimes. Arguably, these are always catastrophic, but
         | the cause/solution/surrounding issues are vastly different than
         | the popular topic.
         | 
         | As usual, technical language used in the media is misconstrued
         | and misunderstood by non-technical reporters and lay audiences.
        
         | pionar wrote:
         | We're actually at historic lows for # of derailments in the US
         | over the past 30 years
        
         | fullstop wrote:
         | From what I understand a lot of those are in the rail yards and
         | not at full speed.
         | 
         | Here is a poorly made website which can generate reports on
         | this:
         | 
         | https://safetydata.fra.dot.gov/officeofsafety/publicsite/que...
        
           | mrguyorama wrote:
           | Goddamn I love government websites. A simple form, with clear
           | and common styling, with no place I have to put my email,
           | with no popup about joining a damn mailing list, with no ads,
           | and when I click the submit button, the response is instant
           | and a clear table that doesn't do anything stupid with
           | javascript.
           | 
           | Every time the government spends my tax dollars developing a
           | web page with a form that generates reports, an angel gets
           | it's wings.
        
             | fullstop wrote:
             | Yes, I like that part greatly. The text was very small,
             | though, and zooming does not behave as I expect.
        
               | mrguyorama wrote:
               | And yet, this boring and older system is probably more
               | accessible to disabled people.
        
             | ambicapter wrote:
             | Ok now try to figure out where to change your residential
             | address on the FAA's website and tell me how much you love
             | it.
        
             | ketzo wrote:
             | I am also obsessed with the header image that does not even
             | try to scale with width. It just stretches. Awesome
        
         | yamtaddle wrote:
         | "Wheel off track" is a derailment. Doesn't have to mean a huge
         | wreck and pile-up. Can happen at low speeds. The vast majority
         | aren't that big a deal.
         | 
         | (my dad ended his career in middle-management with a railroad--
         | not Norfolk, but for all I know Norfolk owns the one he worked
         | for now, there was a lot of consolidation--and for a few years
         | he had to travel to derailments in his region, when they
         | happened, and derailments happened _somewhat often_ )
        
         | rootusrootus wrote:
         | How does this compare to Europe, or the rest of the world? I
         | can spot numbers like 'every other day' in Europe, but getting
         | comparables is proving difficult. Given the different nature of
         | the tracks, usage, and geography, it may be difficult to draw a
         | meaningful comparison anyway.
         | 
         | I do see that the rates are broadly similar between Canada and
         | the US, which is not a surprise but does suggest a correlation.
        
           | orwin wrote:
           | I could probably get the exact numbers, but nowadays probably
           | less than 100/year. Diminishing every years from 2004 through
           | 2014 at least.
           | 
           | Plus we have gauges issues that the US don't, so this much
           | disparity is concerning.
        
       | colpabar wrote:
       | https://archive.ph/TkRgd
        
       | magwa101 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | thearn4 wrote:
       | I'm finding it difficult to find objective assessments of the
       | impact of what has happened in East Palestine. It seems like
       | there are interests in dismissing the impacts entirely, but there
       | are others that seems to want to overstate the impacts
       | significantly. Does anyone else feel this way?
        
         | Rimintil wrote:
         | Other than introducing FUD about the cleanup costs, why would
         | you believe there is overstatement on the impact of the
         | disaster? What metric has you doubting the impact statement?
         | What are your qualifications to make this assessment?
        
           | thearn4 wrote:
           | I'm thinking about what I've read on social media (twitter,
           | reddit, etc) about the event. The posts getting the most
           | engagement/traction are convinced this is larger than
           | Chernobyl. However, relevant authorities do not seem to agree
           | with this.
           | 
           | But I have no environmental sciences credentials to speak of.
        
             | ars wrote:
             | It's more like 3 Mile Island than Chernobyl - huge fuss,
             | little actual long term damage.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Someone would think this is larger than Chernobyl if they
             | were critically uninformed on just how big and stupid
             | Chernobyl was. Burning the contents of the train cars will
             | destroy a lot of the dangerous chemical compounds you
             | originally had. A vast amount of the danger by weight is
             | gone. The biggest issue is determining the dioxin output.
             | 
             | With a nuclear fire that is not the case. When things go
             | out of control you make even more radioactive stuff, and
             | you can't even clean up the mess in the first place without
             | dying and killing all of the equipment that is working on
             | it. It is just an unimaginable disaster that most of us
             | can't fully comprehend.
        
             | ng12 wrote:
             | I think the overt issue is that both state and fed gov
             | completely bungled their response. Their absurd, stubborn
             | silence, even after the issue has been lighting up social
             | media for a week, gives the impression they know it's
             | deadly but don't care -- whether or not that's the truth.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | That is the "conspiracy" non-conspiracy minded people
               | like myself agree they bungled their response but that
               | just confirms my long held position that the government
               | is completely incompetent and we look to them for
               | guidance, or solutions to a given problem at our own
               | peril.
               | 
               | As the famous axiom goes... "Government: If you think you
               | have problems now, wait until you see our solutions."
               | 
               | Their bungling of the response is completely predictable,
               | extending a long long history of bungled responses to
               | emergencies. Of course the predicable reaction to this
               | bungling is not to simply acknowledge the reality of
               | government incompetence, no.. it will be as it always is
               | a mix of not enough money, not enough power, and
               | capitalism / lack of regulation that will be to blame.
               | Government agencies are always pure as the driven snow,
               | and with out fault
               | 
               | Government is always measured by their intentions, never
               | their results.
        
               | pixl97 wrote:
               | Eh, the problem here is you're taking 'government' as a
               | single entity, but it's not at all.
               | 
               | If it were up to the singular 'government' there would
               | have been better brakes on the trains and the company
               | would have been following the law on transporting the
               | chemicals. All the issues at hand were well known about
               | for years.
               | 
               | The problem here is very little government but instead
               | for profit corporations going "How can I squeeze more
               | blood out of this penny" and look for ways to get out of
               | the regulations that prevent disasters in the first
               | place.
               | 
               | Really no one does a 'great' job of dealing with
               | disasters, hence why they are disasters. The best
               | regulations/forms of government prevent the damned
               | disaster based on the inevitable outcome of human greed
               | in the first place.
        
             | Rimintil wrote:
             | > I'm thinking about what I've read on social media
             | (twitter, reddit, etc) about the event.
             | 
             | Social media is social media. It requires critical thinking
             | skills to navigate what you can trust versus what you
             | cannot. I would have put this point in your GP, though. The
             | GP otherwise reads like it has an agenda.
             | 
             | > relevant authorities do not seem to agree with this.
             | 
             | They're (probably) a more reliable source than social
             | media, so I'd have to refer to the relevant authorities.
             | 
             | Social media (likely) isn't out there gathering soil
             | samples, air quality metrics, and water quality metrics in
             | a uniform or scientific method that would qualify 'social
             | media' to make a judgement call about the impact of the
             | disaster.
        
         | max937 wrote:
         | I feel the same way. Are the people who stay in East Palestine
         | gonna develop serious health issues or not?
        
         | noahtallen wrote:
         | I think part of the problem is that a really thorough
         | investigation from the NTSB (https://www.ntsb.gov/news/press-
         | releases/Pages/NR20230214.as...) will by definition not be
         | quick. We'll definitely get answers, but it will take time. As
         | a result, we have an information gap which is quickly filled
         | with tons of speculation.
         | 
         | I think it's fair to be concerned until we know that the impact
         | was somehow limited. Toxic fumes and spills are incredibly
         | dangerous. Not just deadly in the short term, they can cause
         | severe long-term health problems. It's not like the
         | spillage/smoke just simply disappears, so it's good to be
         | concerned about them until there's proof the impact is minor.
        
       | dylan604 wrote:
       | what kind of protections does bankruptcy afford Norfolk Southern
       | or other corp shenanigans can they pull to avoid having to do
       | anything?
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | Well, they could spin off a new company that owns the
         | liability. That sometimes works, although notably courts did
         | not allow Johnson & Johnson to get away with something similar
         | recently. Details
         | https://www.npr.org/2022/09/19/1123567606/johnson-baby-powde...
         | Rejection https://www.cnn.com/2023/01/30/business/johnson-and-
         | johnson-...
        
           | NotYourLawyer wrote:
           | The problem in that case was the bankruptcy filing, not the
           | spinoff. The judge said the spun-off company wasn't bankrupt.
        
           | ccooffee wrote:
           | > Before the bankruptcy filing, J&J faced costs from $3.5
           | billion in verdicts and settlements, including one in which
           | 22 women were awarded a judgment of more than $2 billion,
           | according to bankruptcy court records.
           | 
           | Around the same time as the LTL shenanigans, on 2022-09-14
           | J&J announced a $5billion stock buyback[0]. It's not that J&J
           | didn't have the money which led them to do the "Texas two-
           | step" and push liability to their soon-to-declare-bankruptcy
           | LTL subsidiary. They just wanted to line their pockets with
           | the money instead. Isn't that pleasant.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.jnj.com/:~:text=NEW%20BRUNSWICK,%20N.J.,%20Se
           | pt.....
        
             | NotYourLawyer wrote:
             | None of this strikes me as nefarious. The point of the
             | bankruptcy filing wasn't to bilk creditors. It was to get
             | them all equal payouts instead of a bunch of random jury-
             | dependent judgment amounts.
        
           | JamesCoyne wrote:
           | Litigator of the year https://twitter.com/AmericanLawyer/stat
           | us/159510343722973593...
        
         | anonuser123456 wrote:
         | Bankruptcy protects the corporate entity, but not shareholder
         | equity.
         | 
         | That is, shareholders can lose all equity claims. But that
         | doesn't mean destroying the business. It can be sold off to new
         | shareholders and then sale proceeds used to make creditors
         | whole.
        
         | colpabar wrote:
         | They could always just not do it. The release says that if this
         | happens, the gov will do it instead and "compel" NS to pay them
         | triple the cost, but I don't really see that happening, given
         | that they just "compelled" the rail workers union to not strike
         | against them.
         | 
         | I'm hopeful that they will just clean it up, but this is a
         | massive corporation owned by hedge funds we're talking about.
         | The rules don't apply to them.
        
           | dylan604 wrote:
           | I'm assuming this will be a future super fund type of site
        
         | sclarisse wrote:
         | The thing that protects them is limited liability, as it does
         | many corporations. They can only lose everything the company
         | has, and not more. If you, random HNer, have some holdings of
         | this railroad in your stock portfolio, they cannot come after
         | you for millions. Thus stock ownership is safe for non-
         | billionaires.
         | 
         | Bankruptcy, rather -- the serious kind -- erases all ownership,
         | sells the company off to new owners, and pays outstanding debts
         | with the proceeds, in order of priority. This tends to result
         | in more paid debts than an uncontrolled shutdown; fewer people
         | want to buy a stopped business and it can't make much money.
        
           | akira2501 wrote:
           | The thing that really protects them is refusal to use anti-
           | trust law to break these large uncompetetive monopolies up. A
           | signal is when these companies begin to engage in massive
           | stock repurchase programs.
        
             | sclarisse wrote:
             | Returning money to investors is great, whether it's
             | buybacks or dividends. It's the core purpose of a company.
             | The primary alternative is growing the bigcorps ever
             | bigger, more powerful, and dangerous. Ever-expanding
             | bloated conglomerates.
             | 
             | The good argument against buybacks is that companies tend
             | to do it when the stock is high, and that's bad for the
             | shareholders.
        
             | NotYourLawyer wrote:
             | Stock buybacks are economically equivalent to paying
             | dividends, but they're less costly from a tax perspective.
             | Are dividends also to be banned? If so, what is even the
             | purpose of a company, and who would possibly invest in a it
             | knowing that it can't pay any returns?
        
               | cakeface wrote:
               | I suspect your question is rhetorical but I, and quite a
               | few other Marxists, would say yes. Dividends, stock
               | buybacks and other types of profit should be banned.
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | lol
        
               | terr-dav wrote:
               | My issue is with the concentrated control of where the
               | surplus value goes, I see the existence of dividends &
               | stock buybacks as more of a side-effect of the system
               | than a core-problem.
        
               | akira2501 wrote:
               | > Stock buybacks are economically equivalent to paying
               | dividends
               | 
               | Okay.. what's the chain of logic here?
               | 
               | > but they're less costly from a tax perspective.
               | 
               | Sure.. but they also interfere with the "public
               | ownership" ideal, which is the specific principle I was
               | commenting about in the original.
               | 
               | > Are dividends also to be banned?
               | 
               | No.. just buybacks. I think you can still have dividends,
               | even though there's some abstract idea that they're
               | equivalent.
               | 
               | > If so, what is even the purpose of a company
               | 
               | The question is.. "what even is the purpose of public
               | ownership." If you want to operate privately, I believe
               | all of these questions become moot.
               | 
               | > and who would possibly invest in a it knowing that it
               | can't pay any returns?
               | 
               | The public. Which is what we want. Or, again, stay
               | private.
        
               | NotYourLawyer wrote:
               | Buybacks don't interfere with public ownership. They just
               | boost the share price. Any member of the public who wants
               | to remain a shareholder just... doesn't sell his shares.
        
               | triceratops wrote:
               | If buybacks and dividends are the same thing, then why
               | even allow both to exist? Just eliminate buybacks and
               | enjoy the higher tax revenue. And maybe also accompany it
               | with a tax cut on dividends to even things out slightly.
               | We want companies to become more efficient and increase
               | productivity, but we also want society to benefit from
               | that in the form of higher tax revenue. Eliminating
               | buybacks accomplishes both.
               | 
               | Buybacks juice earnings per share. Stock valuation uses
               | P/E ratio as an input. Meaning buybacks
               | disproportionately benefit upper management, whose
               | compensation is tied to the stock price. There's a
               | principal agent problem here. Management may elect to do
               | a buyback even if it's not in the company's best
               | interest. Dividends don't have that problem.
        
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