[HN Gopher] Gitlab's Startup Acquisition Process
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Gitlab's Startup Acquisition Process
        
       Author : walterbell
       Score  : 208 points
       Date   : 2023-02-20 10:32 UTC (12 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (about.gitlab.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (about.gitlab.com)
        
       | LoverKiddo12 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | paultopia wrote:
       | Forgot step 6, layoffs.
        
       | diceduckmonk wrote:
       | > The call must include the Product champion and may also include
       | Stage Leaders
       | 
       | I was not familiar with these roles before this article. Are they
       | more colloquially known in the M&A world ?
        
         | rubidium wrote:
         | They're roles (intentionally flexible in the who) ascribed for
         | the particular acquisition target. In M&A you have 2 main
         | stages, the (1) find interesting targets and confirm they're
         | interesting, and (2) the purchase and integration.
         | 
         | The champion will often lead (1) but if they're too busy may
         | have a defined stage leader to make sure the trains keep moving
         | well. In the later stage of (2) the stage leader will typically
         | be someone with experience integrating companies. It's an art.
         | 
         | I wouldn't say they're agreed on definitions, but I got what
         | they meant from my exposure to M&A.
        
         | jsty wrote:
         | From the context Product Champion would seem to be using
         | "champion" as in the B2B sales world - usually someone
         | advocating the purchase of a particular vendor's solutions,
         | here someone inside GitLab advocating to buy a particular
         | company.
        
         | dnsmichi wrote:
         | GitLab team member here.
         | 
         | "Stage leaders" is specific to GitLab, referring to the stages
         | of the DevOps lifecycle [1]. Stages are part of the product
         | hierarchy definition [2], with sections, stages, groups,
         | categories, features. Maybe the term is similar to "product
         | group leader" in other areas.
         | 
         | FYI, created a merge request to link the product handbook from
         | the acquisitions handbook, providing more context on stage
         | leaders. [3]
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/categories/#devops...
         | 
         | [2]
         | https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/categories/#hierar...
         | 
         | [3] https://gitlab.com/gitlab-com/www-gitlab-
         | com/-/merge_request...
        
       | jasonjei wrote:
       | This is a great process write up, but I was surprised how little
       | was addressed about existing target company customer support and
       | communication. There is ample support for internal stakeholders,
       | but what about customers of the target company?
       | 
       | I have found that as a customer of products acquired by larger
       | companies, the customers of products being acquired and
       | integrated into a larger product are often forgotten and
       | sidelined.
        
       | breck wrote:
       | This is awesome. Kudos to Gitlab for open sourcing this.
        
       | FearlessNebula wrote:
       | Why does everything need to be acquired these days? Why do we
       | consolidate everything into a few big companies? Why can't we
       | just have technology spread out across multiple players.
        
         | jen20 wrote:
         | Because VCs need returns, and many of these companies wouldn't
         | even exist without VC money.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Or because founders want to diversify. A founder is a non-
           | diversified investor...
        
         | hummus_bae wrote:
         | [dead]
        
       | tapotatonumber9 wrote:
       | Can anyone expand "MVC" as used in this guide? It appears as
       | 
       | "Outline a simple integration timeline for those features,
       | considering an MVC release on the first month ..."
       | 
       | I'm only familiar with this meaning Model-View-Controller. In
       | this context I'd probably expect "POC".
        
         | sjhewitt wrote:
         | "Minimal Viable Change"
         | 
         | https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/product/product-principles...
        
           | tapotatonumber9 wrote:
           | Thank you! This might be a useful term of art to bandy about
           | my current work situation.
        
       | pdq wrote:
       | This is an impressively thorough and quite insightful M&A
       | overview.
       | 
       | However, it is completely one-sided toward the buyer (ie GitLab).
       | 
       | As a seller, I'd be wary of going through even a fraction of the
       | pre-term-sheet diligence and disclosure, without getting to a
       | ballpark on acquisition price (or price methodology) beforehand.
       | 
       | Also, they don't mention, but having escrow set up as an
       | insurance in case the acquirer backs out also seems necessary (ie
       | % of the deal held with third party). Otherwise you are basically
       | giving away all your company secrets and time, and if they back
       | out, you get nothing.
       | 
       | I'd guess YCombinator has something equivalent from the seller
       | side. It would be great if they shared their M&A handbook at some
       | point in the future, although I understand it's probably
       | considered "secret sauce".
        
       | datasert wrote:
       | Gitlab's Handbook [0] (which this article is part of) is an
       | invaluable resource for any first time founders. This is one of
       | the best contribution of Gitlab to the community in my opinion.
       | 
       | [0] https://about.gitlab.com/handbook
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | ankit70 wrote:
       | Feels like created on Workflowy/RoamResearch with nested bullets.
       | Great!
        
       | mkeeter wrote:
       | One interesting tidbit from the handbook:
       | 
       | A good acquisition target company should be "willing to sunset
       | old customers within 90 days or less, with an option to
       | transition to GitLab" [1]
       | 
       | Given the pattern of startups being acquired, announcing "nothing
       | will change", then sunsetting their original product [2], it's
       | interesting to see this spelled out so plainly.
       | 
       | [1]
       | https://about.gitlab.com/handbook/acquisitions/#acquisition-...
       | 
       | [2] https://ourincrediblejourney.tumblr.com/ is the canonical
       | repository of these emails
        
       | mbesto wrote:
       | Since this documentation heavily refers to Technical Due
       | Diligence processes, I thought I'd offer an "AmA" since this is
       | what I do for a living (personally have conducted 400+ Tech DD
       | projects).
       | 
       | Disclaimer - I'm not a GitLab employee and they are not a client
       | of mine, but their documented processes are very synonymous with
       | what I do.
        
         | DishyDev wrote:
         | I love the idea of doing independent technical due diligence
         | work after enjoying doing software auditing and investigations
         | in my current job. Looking at Gitlab's processes it seems like
         | company structure, finances and legal checks make up a lot of
         | the investigation. The software/infra/tech side seems quite
         | short (Gitlab suggest their early technical diligence should be
         | turned around in 2-3 days).
         | 
         | Do you think there's enough demand out there to have a company
         | that does just technical (e.g. software quality, security) due
         | diligence?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | > Do you think there's enough demand out there to have a
           | company that does just technical (e.g. software quality,
           | security) due diligence?
           | 
           | My company (used to, we've grown to do other things) only do
           | Tech DD and we've done really well, so the answer is yes.
           | According to Pitchbook there are about ~3,000 software
           | company acquisitions every year - so that might tell you how
           | much potential business there is.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | ericb wrote:
         | Thanks!
         | 
         | * What are the most common gotchas?
         | 
         | * What tools do you use to do the technical due diligence?
         | 
         | * What would you suggest to prepare for it?
         | 
         | * What would acing it look like?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | * What are the most common gotchas?
           | 
           | Surprises! We don't like surprises, and nor do our clients.
           | From a tech perspective - dated tech, unmanageable (or no
           | clarity of) tech debt, NIH syndrom
           | 
           | * What tools do you use to do the technical due diligence?
           | 
           | OSS scanning and security scans mostly
           | 
           | * What would you suggest to prepare for it?
           | 
           | I'l try to answer this simply, which is - read GitLabs
           | documentation and if you have similar and more importantly -
           | actually operate this way, then you'll be more than prepared.
           | 
           | * What would acing it look like?
           | 
           | As I mentioned below, there is no pass/fail. Acing it is - be
           | honest, be prepared, and have a plan (not for the tech dd
           | itself, but rather a plan for your business).
        
             | ollien wrote:
             | What makes something like outdated tech a "surprise",
             | rather than just "reality"? As in it was actively hidden
             | from you, or just not something anyone thought worth
             | mentioning until it came time to plow through the code?
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | "Surprise" could be interpreted a few different ways.
               | Here's an example to elaborate:
               | 
               | - Company being acquired ("Target") built a web based
               | application in the mid-2000's using VB.NET and each
               | client installed the software. It requires a desktop
               | widget to be installed at their clients locations to talk
               | back to the VB.NET web backend. In 2016 they switched
               | their licensing model from perpetual license to
               | subscription and now the web application is hosted by the
               | target and not the clients.
               | 
               | - Target tells acquirer they have a "SaaS" application.
               | 
               | So, now its a VB. NET web app with single tenants hosted
               | on the Target's data centers. Not untenable, but the
               | acquirer was probably expecting a multi-tenant SaaS web
               | app in a more generally supported web framework.
               | 
               | And, yes I've absolutely seen this case (or something
               | very similar) in the wild.
        
             | biztos wrote:
             | Do you look at codebase quality?
             | 
             | As in, have someone good at Language X go through the
             | target's repos and deliver a verdict on how good the actual
             | code is, and how well it's organized etc?
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | More or less yes. The tooling for this is getting much
               | better.
        
           | Closi wrote:
           | I'm not OP, but when I experienced due dilligence the thing I
           | found counter-intuitive was that 'looking really good at
           | everything' isn't actually the best approach.
           | 
           | As an example - it might be better that the company doing Due
           | Dilligence finds you awful at sales during the DD phase,
           | because they will see that you got revenue _despite_ poor
           | sales technique and they will see it as an easy target for
           | improvement  / 'to generate value'. Companies want to
           | identify ways that _they_ would be able to help the company
           | they are aquiring.
           | 
           | Not sure if this applies to Technical DD, but thought it was
           | interesting enough to share!
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Yes, that's called 'hidden upside'. You can of course also
             | disclose this before DD. As a rule, surprises during the DD
             | process are to be avoided if you can, even positive ones
             | (because you may lose out on a bid from a party that would
             | have bid if they had been aware of it).
             | 
             | source: yaddp.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | Exactly this. You don't pass or fail Tech DD...it's more
               | to provide comfort to the buyer.
        
             | wslh wrote:
             | OP is specifically talking about tech due diligence which
             | is specific within due diligence in general.
             | 
             | One thing that appear in tech due diligence is quality of
             | the technical architecture and implementation, and security
             | risks associated.
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | And: quality of the people... if there is one
               | distinguishing factor it is that one. Bad tech can be
               | fixed, and if there is a competent team that got put in
               | charge of a pile of tech debt then there is hope.
        
         | di456 wrote:
         | > Customer list with name, monthly revenue, contract
         | termination date and any other fields if relevant.
         | 
         | Could you compare and contrast this analysis for companies with
         | a small number of large customers, vs a large number of small
         | customers? What are you looking for? What are examples of good
         | or bad surprises?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | These are more business/commercial questions, but they
           | typically manifest themselves in Tech DD when it comes to
           | implementation, which is what we might look at.
        
         | CSDude wrote:
         | What's the rate of your reject rate, and what are the most
         | common deal breakers, bad signs? It'd be helpful.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | So we just advise on things that might constitute as "red
           | flags", however ultimately our clients make the decision to
           | break a deal. I would say its about 5%~10% rejection rate
           | (some clients are more risky than others), and it's very rare
           | that tech alone is the deal breaker. When tech is an issue,
           | it's usually combined with some business issue (example - it
           | takes 3 months to onboard a new client and the company has
           | little automation for data migration, so they won't scale
           | well)
        
         | brugidou wrote:
         | How do you measure success? Do you follow up on these companies
         | later on (acquired or not).
        
         | paulgb wrote:
         | I'm curious about your career path. Did you start by doing it
         | in-house and then go into consulting? Are you at a big
         | consultancy or do you run your own specialty DD consultancy?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | I love this question since my career path is so irregular.
           | It'll take some time so lemme write a more detailed response
           | in a bit.
        
             | thiago_fm wrote:
             | Also interested on your answer. I'd love to work on this
             | full-time!
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Thirding. I've done a little of this as part of a job a
               | while back and I think I'd really like doing more of it.
               | Curious what kind of demand-volume there is for it, and
               | especially if there are any adjacent services that people
               | are willing to pay for (e.g. more social, looking into
               | the management & process side of a tech org). Avenues for
               | breaking in with sales for this, that kind of thing,
               | would be greatly appreciated.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | I'll answer this in two parts:
           | 
           | Me:
           | 
           | I personally have a very atypical career so please take this
           | with a grain of salt. That being said, I think my weird
           | background helped me to excel in this space
           | 
           | Here is my professional background                  - SAP
           | Consultant working for SAP (Data Analytics & Reporting)
           | - (Entrepreneur) Web Design Agency (failed)        - SAP
           | Consulting (3rd Party Partner)        - (Entrepreneur)
           | Startup (failed)        - Management Consulting (we were
           | doing about ~15 IT Due Diligence projects a year when I
           | joined)        - Left previous firm and started my own firm
           | (Renna Partners), which exclusively focused on IT/Tech DDs
           | (previous firm did IT strategy + DD was a small part of the
           | overall biz)        - Sold my firm to my competitor
           | (Crosslake), which is who I work for now
           | 
           | Experience that led to this type of work:
           | 
           | I started as a consultant in SAP's support group. Oddly, at a
           | young age this gave me exposure to the technical/operational
           | challenges of M&A as I sat in on a high profile customer who
           | bought SAP and BOBJ integrated products before the company
           | merged, and then had to deal with the companies/tech talk to
           | each other post close. This was more "in the trenches" than
           | it was strategic, but it help formulate how I thought about
           | the strategy of M&A for companies. I then taught myself to
           | code when I tried doing a web design agency and a startup.
           | Failed miserably, but gave me a ton of empathy about what its
           | like to be a (1) a founder (2) an engineer and (3) a business
           | operator. After my last startup failed, I called an old
           | friend of mine and luckily they were hiring. Their IT DD
           | practice was small (it was 1-2 people) but growing. I came on
           | and basically acted as a junior partner with one of the
           | partners who led the practice. We quickly grew that to
           | supporting ~100 deals/year. The company wasn't strategic
           | about the work (they wanted large scale IT strategy gigs), so
           | we split off and I start my own firm that focused solely in
           | on IT/Tech DD. I then sold that company to my biggest
           | competitor. I'm now an MD/Executive at that firm. My
           | experience with hands on development, owning/operating a
           | business, M&A, mix of enterprise software + implementation,
           | and consulting (this can't be understated, there is a ton of
           | value in knowing "how to be a consultant") is probably what
           | really helped me excel in this space. Oh and now that I've
           | sold a company myself, I have even more perspective :)
           | 
           | Typical person:
           | 
           | There are usually two types of personas that fit well: career
           | consultants in tech M&A (think E&Y, West Monroe, KPMG, etc.)
           | and operational leaders (e.g. seasoned CTOs, VP of
           | Engineering, Head of Product, etc.). People who have done
           | both are IDEAL. Personally I look for "athletes" or T-Shaped
           | people. You need to be able to get very technical and then
           | translate this to a financial person who doesn't know the
           | difference between Java and JavaScript, which is a very
           | unique skill in itself.
           | 
           | P.S. I have a huge demand Product people (market + technical)
           | who want to help do Product Due Diligence + Product Strategy
           | consulting. Please reach out if you're interested.
        
         | kinnth wrote:
         | AMA Question - Does a process like this help you make better
         | acquisitions, or is there still an art in picking the right
         | startup at the right time for a business?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | My firm doesn't acquire the companies themselves, we work
           | with companies (like Gitlab) or private equity firms who
           | acquire businesses to help them understand the technology. So
           | our clients pick the startup and they usually have a thesis
           | for acquisition. During diligence it's their opportunity to
           | confirm or deny that thesis, and as an objective, third party
           | set of expert eyes we can help them do that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | If you want to do an AmA you should probably do some
         | answering... I don't feel like hijacking your thread but
         | really, those are important questions.
        
           | weird-eye-issue wrote:
           | You posted this 1 hour after he originally posted? Yikes,
           | chill out
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | More than happy for you to answer as well - I respect your
           | opinion on this topic.
           | 
           | P.S. - don't really appreciate the snarky "you should do some
           | answering"... as a fellow busy professional, I'm answering
           | when I have the time to do so.
        
             | sieabahlpark wrote:
             | [dead]
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | It wasn't snarky, more that if you're going to do an AmA
             | that kind of puts the ball in your court and you really
             | should use the opportunity because if you don't have time
             | now then it might be better to do this as a separate 'Ask
             | HN' or something to that effect.
             | 
             | This subject is very dear to a lot of the HN crowd and of
             | course you as the initiator of that process should get the
             | first shot at answering these questions, they are all super
             | relevant and very practical. You might even want to do a
             | formal write-up of the answers you get in a blog post.
        
               | esskay wrote:
               | It might not have intended to be snarky but theres really
               | only one way you can take "you should probably do some
               | answering".
        
               | jacquesm wrote:
               | HN threads can die rather quickly and it would be a real
               | loss of an opportunity. But fine, next time I'll just
               | STFU.
        
         | ryanSrich wrote:
         | What does your company charge for standard B2B SaaS acquisition
         | technical DD?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | Unfortunately, I can't disclose that, but I can tell you what
           | market rates tend to be. I've seen firms in this space charge
           | anything from $10k to $150k per deal. The lower end tends to
           | be the "one man shop" and the larger end tends to be more
           | established advisory firms who work on large and or complex
           | deals.
        
             | ramraj07 wrote:
             | That sounds... cheap. Like that's less than the monthly
             | take home for a single non descript engineer.
        
               | mbesto wrote:
               | Quite the contrary. The projects last 2~3 weeks.
        
               | ryanSrich wrote:
               | Yeah I think having an hourly rate would have been more
               | useful, but I appreciate their reply regardless.
               | 
               | I've done DD for a small SaaS acquisition. But from the
               | sell side. It was a decent amount of work providing
               | access, diagrams, answering questions, etc. I would think
               | anywhere from $150-$300/hour depending on the deal size.
        
               | eddsh1994 wrote:
               | Where are you making $150k a month and are you hiring?
        
               | weird-eye-issue wrote:
               | > the larger end tends to be more established advisory
               | firms who work on large and or complex deals.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | I'd assume the higher end includes the auditing company
               | holding a pile of compliance certs. Those can be pretty
               | expensive to pick up.
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | Do you have an example of your work? I'm curious what a report
         | looks like, having done only a couple of 'code reviews' myself
         | (that is, I got a codebase and three days to write a report on
         | how it could be improved, not very formal at all).
        
           | twodave wrote:
           | I've been a part of a few of these, and it really just
           | depends. Overall, though, the report will break down the
           | company into a bunch of different categories (and not just
           | from a code/tech stack standpoint). Sometimes you'll get a
           | point-rating (1-10 or whatever) or a market-based rating
           | (e.g. degrees worse, comparable or better than their
           | competition in a category).
           | 
           | The audit may encompass anything from code quality, technical
           | debt, tech stack, architecture, infrastructure, to the
           | product roadmap, licensing of dependencies, corporate
           | structure, hiring/retention of talent, etc. It really just
           | depends on what the company paying for the DD asks for (which
           | could be either side, and that also matters a lot).
           | 
           | Each category in the final report will have a summary, a
           | score, notes about risks/opportunities, suggestions on how to
           | improve, what things are strengths, etc. It can be really,
           | really long, and often it's broken up and worked on by
           | multiple people based on their area(s) of expertise. Usually
           | you'll see a high-level summary chart at the end of the
           | report that just kind of puts everything in front of you.
        
             | mbesto wrote:
             | This is a very good summary of what deliverables look like.
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | I'd love to share this, but unfortunately our reports belong
           | to our clients so it would be really hard for to disclose an
           | example to the public.
        
             | NineStarPoint wrote:
             | Do you know of any documents similar to what you do that
             | have been disclosed to the public, or is this a sub-
             | industry that us completely opaque to outsiders?
        
             | code_runner wrote:
             | It would be interesting if you did some open source project
             | of sufficient size or something. (Unless it's not a one-to-
             | one or something)
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | coreyrab wrote:
         | AMA question: I've never personally been through this process,
         | but I assume go-to-market DD is typically part of the process.
         | Are there specialized firms that handle that side of the
         | equation?
        
           | mbesto wrote:
           | Can you be more specific? Do you mean like doing a DD on the
           | product and sales strategy of the company that is being
           | acquired?
        
         | wslh wrote:
         | Excellent topic, my company also does technical due diligence.
         | Even so, beyond acquisition, regarding investments we see that
         | founders networking and promises take over technical
         | capabilities. Not the same for pure acquisitions. Shameless
         | plug: [1]
         | 
         | It would he great if the HN community could comment more about
         | this topic beyong the Gitlab's article.
         | 
         | [1] Fundamental Analysis of Web3 Technologies:
         | https://blog.coinfabrik.com/fundamental-analysis-of-web3-tec...
        
       | rfrey wrote:
       | Wow - I can see why Paul Graham at one point talked about how
       | exploring an acquisition can kill a company. Even at the
       | "preliminary diligence" stage, a small company will have invested
       | at least a month of the founder's time AND basically given away
       | the keys to the kingdom - all their schemas, processes, customer
       | lists, and contracts.
       | 
       | I know there would be non-disclosures in place, but it's easy to
       | imagine a company less scrupulous than Gitlab basically cratering
       | a potential competitor without the resources to go after them in
       | court.
        
         | bberenberg wrote:
         | Yes there is a risk of this. But, with modern tooling, you
         | don't need to do this to accomplish the same goals. It's not
         | hard to figure out the high level approach of what someone else
         | is doing. It's not hard to figure out a significant number of
         | their customers. There are entire companies that exist to
         | answer these questions for you. Ultimately, if you're looking
         | to sell your company, you will have to trust the acquirer. This
         | isn't a GitLab thing, it's just the name of the game. I wrote a
         | bit about selling my company a year ago [1] and it was similar,
         | except a lot of the diligence happened post LOI / Term Sheet.
         | In hindsight, I kind of wish it had happened earlier.
         | 
         | [1] https://www.nothingeasyaboutthis.com/lessons-from-
         | selling-a-...
        
         | tptacek wrote:
         | It's a lot of time, but it's probably more important that it's
         | psychologically destructive. As soon as you've invested any
         | meaningful time into an acquisition discussion, it becomes very
         | difficult to manage the company as a going concern and to make
         | good long-term decisions about it. You're explicitly
         | contemplating ending the company.
         | 
         | You mostly don't need the "don't talk to corpdev" advice once
         | you've found product/market fit, unit profitability, whatever;
         | it's more obvious whether the discussion is a waste of time or
         | not. But early on, it's an especially hazardous thing to do,
         | because you're not anchored to a specific conception of how
         | your business is going to operate.
        
           | rfrey wrote:
           | That's a super interesting point... even if you're fine
           | financially and the acquirer doesn't sabotage you, you've
           | fundamentally damaged the company by exploring acquisition.
           | 
           | Like if somebody goes from working hard on a marriage to
           | seriously investigating divorce. Even if they decide divorce
           | was too expensive or whatever, they're never getting back to
           | even the problematic state they were in before they called a
           | lawyer.
        
             | tptacek wrote:
             | To make matters worse, corp dev people are absolutely aware
             | of the dynamics --- they're more aware of them than you
             | are, because this is their entire job, where you might
             | engage with it once or twice in a whole career --- and are
             | selected for their expertise at manipulating the dynamic.
             | They will, if they're seriously targeting you, deliberately
             | bait a hook and keep you on the line long enough for
             | walking away from a deal to be especially painful.
             | 
             | I think Paul Graham pretty much has this topic locked up
             | and can't see how you'd express it better.
        
         | fatnoah wrote:
         | Having gone through an acquisition by a different company, I
         | can say that this process almost exactly matches the process I
         | went through. It was definitely a lot of work that ate up tons
         | of time. It also wasn't something that could be discussed with
         | most of the company, so now you add a few months of "acting
         | funny" to the mix and it's a challenge and a half.
        
         | akamia wrote:
         | I was a lead at a startup that was acquired and the acquisition
         | process would have probably sunk us if the acquisition had not
         | gone through.
         | 
         | We were in the middle of raising our next round when the offer
         | came through. The founders and the board decided to accept the
         | offer but it was still contingent on due diligence. While going
         | through the due diligence process all funding conversations had
         | to stop. Luckily we were small so the due diligence process
         | only took 2 months but we had to tighten our belts. If the
         | acquisition had fallen through, we would've been in real
         | trouble because we burned 2 months of cash and would have
         | needed to line up funding quickly.
        
         | ignite wrote:
         | I don't know if this is still a common thing, but this
         | definitely used to happen.
        
           | iamdamian wrote:
           | It seems that Amazon did something similar under the guise of
           | becoming an investor:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=23929044
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | 100% true. So people are aware, even if you get to an LOI, then
         | there is usually an established close period (right now it's
         | usually 30-90 days). That close period is intense and can
         | absolutely derail the energy of the company.
        
       | ericb wrote:
       | Pretty cool that they shared the process. A couple things that
       | seem interesting to me:
       | 
       | * Giving the acquirer the cap table early on seems to go against
       | the advice I've seen.
       | 
       | * This is a _ton_ of time investment for a company that has no
       | idea if an offer will be forthcoming, or if it would be in a
       | ballpark where a deal would happen?
       | 
       | The acquiree is supposed to go through 12 stages of diligence a
       | code review, detailed financials, employee review, give out their
       | roadmap, customers, vendors, cap table, source code, financial
       | assets all before seeing any hint of what the offer will be or
       | whether there will be one?
       | 
       | Is that right? Wouldn't getting an idea of whether you're in the
       | same neighborhood be sensible before demanding so much?
        
         | mbesto wrote:
         | I think this is more of a technical/operational process, and
         | less about the financial/legal one. Typically there is a "LOI"
         | (Letter of Intent) that kicks off the DD process. That
         | stipulates the acquisition price, any key terms (cash vs
         | stock), etc.
        
           | ericb wrote:
           | I agree. It seems like they are trying to be transparent and
           | detailed, though, and I don't see that in their list, and the
           | negotiations only appear around step 13?
        
         | jacquesm wrote:
         | > Giving the acquirer the cap table early on seems to go
         | against the advice I've seen.
         | 
         | Why?
         | 
         | Captables are for the most part just process documents, you
         | need to know who has which quantity of shares to be able to put
         | a proposal for a deal on the table. If you don't know who holds
         | the shares you may not even be able to make a proposal at all,
         | and you may not be able to verify that the person that makes
         | the offer to sell has the right to do so.
        
           | ericb wrote:
           | I think the reasoning is something like, when I buy a car, I
           | don't base the price I'll pay on the cost of the raw
           | materials.
           | 
           | It also lets them craft a minimal price deal, and do things
           | like split out different shareholders based on what they'll
           | likely accept.
           | 
           | Not particular to the cap table, but the same with the
           | financials here. If gitlab sees they have only one month's
           | runway, why wouldn't they lowball?
           | 
           | Generally speaking, if gitlab sees 40 million in revenue
           | potential, shouldn't that be how they craft what they offer?
           | 
           | There's probably a distinction here between "selling" your
           | business, and "being acquired."
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | Sure, but it helps if you can show who actually owns the
             | car. And a captable is pretty much just that: a division of
             | who owns which chunk of the company. No need to disclose
             | what they paid for it, that's not the acquirers' business
             | anyway.
        
         | bombcar wrote:
         | Wouldn't a start-up that is considering being acquired (or
         | raising) already have most of this available?
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Depends on who starts the process. If the acquirer starts it
           | then there may well be nothing at all.
        
         | moneywoes wrote:
         | Seems like they could just steal a lot of info and then build
         | their own version through this process
        
           | cs02rm0 wrote:
           | Does seem odd to expect to share code early and a risk to
           | share it with any interested party.
           | 
           | I mean, it's someone else's code, your engineers are going to
           | say it's rubbish, it needs a full rewrite and throwing away,
           | warn us up front before you even think about acquiring such
           | terrible code, etc. But if it's a built a company to the
           | point of raising sufficient revenue/profit it's surely good
           | enough.
        
             | jacquesm wrote:
             | It is. Normally you only do that after you agree on the
             | terms and that means there is a deal unless something
             | horrible is found during DD. And if your code is terrible
             | simply disclose it then likely the requirement will go
             | away. But if you claim it is super good but you only have
             | juniors on staff you can expect to be quizzed.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | Yes, this happens. So be _very_ much on your guard about this
           | and make sure that you trust whoever you talk to and if you
           | can 't trust them then you can ask a trusted party to do the
           | review for you and pass that to whoever claims to be
           | interested.
           | 
           | There are many variations to this kind of 'vendor dd', you
           | can prepare it beforehand or you can push to have the process
           | modified until it is to your liking depending on how
           | desirable you are.
        
           | WJW wrote:
           | Not that that never happens, but engineering time is not
           | cheap even at Gitlab scale. Even if you manage to recreate
           | the product based on the insider info it's still a risky
           | process; new products fail all the time, especially if they
           | are new entries in an already filled market.
           | 
           | It's much quicker and often not that much more expensive
           | (after you tally up all the engineering and marketing costs
           | and adjust for the risk of failure) to acquire a company that
           | already has a working product, customers, marketing,
           | documentation and usually you get a team of domain experts
           | included in the purchase.
        
         | formercoder wrote:
         | If there's one thing you learn quickly about doing M&A it's
         | everyone does a lot of work that might not result in a
         | transaction.
        
           | jacquesm wrote:
           | That gets expensive. A typical VC that does a bunch of these
           | without being able to follow through will rapidly find their
           | management fees exhausted (because that's where quite a few
           | of them fund failed DDs from, a typical DD budget is anywhere
           | from 150K to 500K depending on the deal size, that includes
           | legal, financial, technical, commercial, possibly an
           | evaluation of the founders and whatever else is deemed
           | necessary).
        
         | paulsutter wrote:
         | > Giving the acquirer the cap table early on seems to go
         | against the advice I've seen
         | 
         | The cap table tells a story about the company. For starters it
         | identifies the decisionmakers. More importantly, a hairy
         | complex cap table says an acquisition process may be difficult
         | and unpredictable. A straightforward cap table is like a well
         | maintained roof on a house. It doesn't prove that the rest of
         | the company is in order, but its highly correlated
         | 
         | Start by sending a summary cap table of major holders with the
         | breakdown among classes of stock
        
         | Cthulhu_ wrote:
         | > This is a ton of time investment for a company that has no
         | idea if an offer will be forthcoming, or if it would be in a
         | ballpark where a deal would happen?
         | 
         | But the work can be reused for other candidates, and... this is
         | about multi-million deals, the work will pay itself off.
         | 
         | I heard about a financial guy working his ass off (nights,
         | weekends) for weeks if not months on end on getting part of the
         | company acquired or sold off; in the end the deal was worth
         | EUR100M, and I'm confident he owned a significant chunk of the
         | part sold. I wouldn't mind working weekends / evenings for a
         | while if it was for a "you can retire" sum of money.
        
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