[HN Gopher] Vinyl Chloride and the Ohio Train Derailment
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Vinyl Chloride and the Ohio Train Derailment
        
       Author : georgecmu
       Score  : 79 points
       Date   : 2023-02-19 23:19 UTC (23 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.mcgill.ca)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.mcgill.ca)
        
       | loeg wrote:
       | The subtitle raises a great question "Why was such a large amount
       | of this chemical being transported by rail in the first place?"
       | which the article wholly fails to address, for some reason. (It
       | addresses the industrial applications of the chemical, but
       | doesn't ever dive into the "being transported by rail" part.)
        
         | virtuallynathan wrote:
         | How else would it be transported? Rail seems like a
         | safe/efficient way of doing so.
        
           | cdiddy2 wrote:
           | It can be made on site where it is going to be used.
           | Generally combined with a manufacturing plant
        
             | red-iron-pine wrote:
             | So how do you get the precursors to the plant? You're
             | either transporting chlorine, or you're manufacturing it in
             | huge quantities locally, which has plenty of it's own
             | headaches.
             | 
             | Either trucks or trains, and trains are more cost
             | effective.
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | Are railcars filled with pure chlorine any better? Chlorine
             | gas leaks are deadly.
             | 
             | Unless you're talking about in situ chlorine production,
             | which has its own list of issues.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | I noticed that as well, but the conclusion is "it's all about
         | money (not safety)". I presume the answer to "why was..." is
         | the same answer.
        
           | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
           | Rail freight is almost always more cheap, efficient, and safe
           | compared to trucking the same cargo. You also benefit from
           | economies of scale, as adding extra rail cars doesn't take as
           | much manpower as sending out another truck.
        
         | mrbombastic wrote:
         | It does though?, PVC is manufactured using this chemical and
         | rail is an efficient means of transporting it, it is not much
         | deeper than that.
        
           | thallium205 wrote:
           | Yeah and the author said it was the third most used plastic.
           | Pretty much answered it there.
        
           | loeg wrote:
           | > It does though?, PVC is manufactured using this chemical
           | and rail is an efficient means of transporting it,
           | 
           | I agree that it addresses the utility of PVC. I wrote: "It
           | addresses the industrial applications of the chemical." But
           | the article never makes the claim that rail is an efficient
           | means of transporting it. It also never answers why the
           | chemical cannot be made on-site.
        
           | danielsju6 wrote:
           | From what I heard most countries don't allow this chemical to
           | be transported, only produced on site with much safer to
           | transport precursors.
        
             | Accujack wrote:
             | Not exactly "safe". The precursors are ethylene and
             | chlorine. Chlorine everyone knows about - it's quite a bit
             | more of a problem when it spills than vinyl chloride.
             | 
             | Ethylene is a "colorless and combustible gas used to
             | fumigate some agricultural products, sterilize medical
             | equipment and in the production of other industrial
             | chemicals. The gas is a carcinogen that has been linked to
             | breast, lymphoid, leukemia and other types of cancers."
             | 
             | Ethylene is transported as a cryogenic liquid, which means
             | when it leaks it immediately boils to gas form. Once
             | released it takes 2 to 4 days to break down in the
             | atmosphere. Chlorine takes years.
        
               | scythe wrote:
               | >The precursors are ethylene and chlorine
               | 
               | The precursors are more accurately acetylene and hydrogen
               | chloride. But acetylene can be stored and transported as
               | the solid calcium acetylide (aka calcium carbide), which
               | releases acetylene by reaction with water. So this is
               | potentially easier than you made it sound.
        
               | candiddevmike wrote:
               | I thought chlorine breaks down rather quickly in
               | sunlight?
        
               | McSwag wrote:
               | I'm not a chemistry expert; Do the precursors' properties
               | necessarily matter here?
               | 
               | Like Table salt for example: sodium chloride. Sodium
               | spontaneously ignites in AIR and is explosive in water.
               | Chlorine is highly toxic and poisonous. But you bond the
               | two chemically and you get a stable, safe, delicious
               | flavor enhancer.
               | 
               | Edit: Perhaps I misunderstood your comment. Are you
               | saying that transporting the raw chemicals required to
               | make it on site wouldn't be any safer to transport?
        
         | geysersam wrote:
         | How else should it be transported? By truck?
        
           | beebmam wrote:
           | By truck (or by plane!) sounds even more dangerous, to me
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | The conventional alternative are pipelines, but for small
           | loads such as vinyl chloride they would likely be problematic
           | even ignoring the likelihood of eventual leaks.
           | 
           | A better alternative is to keep using trains, but have
           | sufficient protection built in to survive a derailment and
           | fires.
        
             | mindslight wrote:
             | All but one vinyl chloride tank did survive the derailment
             | intact! Vinyl chloride is a gas at standard temperature and
             | pressure, and so AFAICT it's transported in insulated
             | tanks, staying cool enough throughout its journey to be at
             | a manageable pressure (<~200psi). The adjacent fire meant
             | the clock was ticking on how long before it would rise in
             | pressure and be vented through the tanks' relief valves. It
             | was then a deliberate decision to preemptively vent the
             | tanks and burn the contents. A lot of hubbub is being made
             | about the chemical, but in the gamut of chemistry it's
             | really not that bad of a chemical nor are its combustion
             | products, at least as far what has been demonstrated.
             | 
             | I'm not throwing that out there as a justification for
             | deliberately releasing industrial quantities of chemicals
             | into the environment (including residential areas), but
             | rather examining the decision process. An alternative
             | approach would have been bringing in mobile chillers and
             | replacement tank cars to cool and recover the vinyl
             | chloride. But of course that would have cost more than
             | simply discarding the product. Everyone is talking about
             | railroad safety, and that needs addressing for sure. But
             | the situation with the vinyl chloride specifically was a
             | direct result of a deliberate decision, and not accidental.
             | If we want this decision process to be different in the
             | future, then we need to focus on that.
        
             | bagels wrote:
             | It's going to take a lot of pipelines to transport every
             | hazardous substance this way.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | I think there are ways to use a single pipeline for
               | multiple kinds of loads (in serial), but yeah a bunch of
               | new pipelines would be needed to get the loads to a bunch
               | of new places.
        
               | giardini wrote:
               | _" single pipeline for multiple kinds of loads (in
               | serial)"_ <--recipe for pipeline explosion.
               | 
               | Who wants a pipeline behind their home that transports
               | chlorine gas one hour and ethylene gas the next?
        
               | BlueTemplar wrote:
               | Like this one ?
               | 
               | https://channelnz.com/what-we-do/terminal-pipeline-
               | services
               | 
               | Not sure how dangerous it would be though to have one
               | transport wildly different chemicals...
        
           | deelowe wrote:
           | Require it to be produced on site just like many other
           | hazardous chemicals.
        
         | serf wrote:
         | it's one of the best means to transport lots of something, and
         | many industrial chemical groups have buildings that have
         | railroad tie-ins that facilitate direct unloading from the car.
        
         | bagels wrote:
         | How do you propose it be transported?
        
           | gnopgnip wrote:
           | Transport less dangerous chemicals, less dangerous finished
           | products and only make the dangerous intermediaries onsite
        
             | pixl97 wrote:
             | And what about the 100's of billions in fallout regarding
             | this massive shift in US manufacturing?
        
               | danielsju6 wrote:
               | Oh no, some billionaires will need smaller yachts.
        
               | asdff wrote:
               | More like billionaires will short that stock and get
               | bigger yachts, while huge swaths of this country see job
               | loss with no replacement or much of a social safety net.
        
             | bsder wrote:
             | Why do you believe that the regulations for the onsite
             | manufacturing of chlorine or ethylene are going to be any
             | better?
             | 
             | The issue is that the companies have been playing fast and
             | loose with safety. If you don't choose to reverse _that_ ,
             | it doesn't matter whether you transport the chemical or
             | manufacture it on site.
        
             | testTED wrote:
             | During travel the other day, I saw a molten sulfur train
             | car.
        
         | jjtheblunt wrote:
         | I read elsewhere (perhaps NYT or WSJ, but i can't find it from
         | days ago) that rail is most safe, statistically.
         | 
         | If so, it remotivates an analogue of TCP's MTU: if the size of
         | shipments were small, but the number of shipments high, would a
         | single "packet loss"/derailment be less catastrophic?
        
         | abigail95 wrote:
         | public really hate pipelines
        
       | spants wrote:
       | "Most of these leaked out of the cars without vapourizing and
       | ended up in the Ohio river causing some damage to wildlife."
       | 
       | SOME? I have seen lot of pictures that show a complete anhilation
       | of the local fish population and contamination of the water
       | supplies (strange deposits when boiled).
       | 
       | I think that there is a huge coverup ongoing.
        
         | op00to wrote:
         | Please provide said photos, and while you're at it, proof that
         | these photos are indeed recent and taken in the watershed
         | affected by the incident.
         | 
         | I hear this over and over and over, but I've never seen actual
         | evidence that these pictures are authentic AND reflect the
         | widespread condition of the area.
        
           | McSwag wrote:
           | I honestly haven't seen much detailed information in the
           | major news outlets other than there was a train derailed, a
           | burn, some fish died, some people were evacuated, everything
           | okay and safe now, "by the way we shot down some UFOs", "do
           | aliens exist?"
           | 
           | It's possible I'm missing something but for whatever reason I
           | don't feel like it's getting the coverage it really deserves
           | which, by itself, raises questions.
        
             | op00to wrote:
             | It's the only thing I've heard about. I think there's some
             | rat fuckery going on, I agree. I'm not so sure it's a cover
             | up orchestrated or enabled by the government as much as
             | other actors using the opportunity to stoke distrust in the
             | government.
        
       | scotty79 wrote:
       | Should all involved companies be sued/fined into oblivion? If
       | not, why not?
        
         | jjeaff wrote:
         | I'm in favor of a corporate death penalty. In cases where a
         | company is found guilty of gross negligence leading to terrible
         | disasters and loss of life, give a jury the option to give the
         | death penalty. All equity holders AND debt holders are washed
         | out and the assets are sold off to pay victims and severance
         | pay for low level employees.
        
           | ticviking wrote:
           | Revoking their charter and seizing their assets seems just
           | for a lot of this stuff.
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | Their charters are often from other states (such as
             | Delaware). This would complicate the issue by entwining
             | state's rights and federal rights.
        
           | anonymouskimmer wrote:
           | For the USA, an easy mechanism for a corporate death penalty
           | (for large enough corporations) without running afoul of
           | takings clause would be to bar the corporation from engaging
           | in interstate commerce, and to bar the equity holders from
           | selling to themselves or relatives.
        
             | torstenvl wrote:
             | If you're talking about judicial action, the Takings Clause
             | isn't a problem. If you're talking about Congressional
             | action, your proposed alternative runs into the prohibition
             | on Bills of Attainder.
             | 
             | In my view, the L&E approach of punitive damages calculated
             | to be greater than the profit incentive of the
             | negligent/reckless behavior is the best approach.
             | Additionally, to the extent that an executive's actions
             | were clearly not in the long-term interest of the
             | corporation, they should be made personally liable.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | To avoid the bill of attainder issue the companies
               | wouldn't be individually named. All corporations that fit
               | the bill would be subject to the bill. And since Congress
               | is forbidden from passing ex post facto laws, such a law
               | would obviously not be a bill of attainder, as it could
               | not guess who would be subject to it.
               | 
               | IANAL. I believe that there are limits to the penalties a
               | judicial action can impose. A corporate death penalty
               | presumably wouldn't survive appeals without an underlying
               | law. I guess the 8th amendment might still be a barrier
               | to my alternative.
               | 
               | > In my view, the L&E approach of punitive damages
               | calculated to be greater than the profit incentive of the
               | negligent/reckless behavior is the best approach.
               | 
               | I agree. But I also want a corporate death penalty beyond
               | this.
        
           | refurb wrote:
           | Are you willing to lose your job because your CEO did
           | something wrong?
        
             | anonymouskimmer wrote:
             | No. But that has never stopped a layoff.
             | 
             | It would be better to do this the way the FDIC treats
             | failed banks: sell off obligations of the company,
             | including buildings, equipment, and employees, to
             | competitors. For a straightforward business such as a train
             | logistics company with direct competitors who do
             | effectively the same business, this seems relatively
             | simple.
        
               | refurb wrote:
               | Selling to competitors sounds like a great way to create
               | monopolies and perverse incentives.
               | 
               | Your idea is full of holes.
        
               | anonymouskimmer wrote:
               | You do know that the FDIC requires spin offs as necessary
               | to eliminate monopolies?
        
             | sqeaky wrote:
             | Under such a system I wonder if people who quit from unsafe
             | jobs more often because the companies would be perceived as
             | less stable.
             | 
             | Even if a purely free market solution doesn't work the
             | employees could be lumped in with victims as the assets are
             | liquidated. Bankruptcy courts handle more complex but
             | similar situations already.
        
         | anonymouskimmer wrote:
         | Norfolk Southern has a 54 billion dollar market cap. Punitive
         | damages are often capped as a percentage of actual damages, and
         | proving enough actual damages for the total damages to
         | materially harm Norfolk Southern is a big reach.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Because they don't price actual damage accordingly. How much
           | would you price you getting cancer at? For me I would price
           | that at a few billion easily, because I value my life quite
           | high. I'm sure bill gates would put the price of him getting
           | cancer in the billions too. There's of course no telling
           | which child you are harming in the ohio river valley might be
           | the next bill gates, so you might as well price them all at
           | that valuation. That would put the costs of remediation well
           | beyond what northfolk southern's market cap is, and would
           | justify either closure or if its truly essential, having
           | those assets and infrastructure being taken over by the
           | public, much like how any other debt collection agency would
           | take your assets if you lack liquidity.
        
             | sqeaky wrote:
             | Punitive damages are broken and this is one of the many
             | reasons why.
        
         | chiefalchemist wrote:
         | Maybe. But ultimately, they're a symptom. Per the last
         | paragraph, it's Congress that dropped the ball.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | voisin wrote:
         | Punishing the company into bankruptcy is one thing, but the
         | company is made up of individuals who will go work at other
         | companies and likely escape lawsuits since they were operating
         | within the umbrella of their job. So ultimately the
         | shareholders who weren't involved in the catastrophe will be
         | punished and not the people that ultimately caused the issue.
         | 
         | No argument from me that the shareholders should take a major
         | financial loss (they should demand better safety controls), but
         | to prevent this from happening again (which I think is the key
         | goal, rather than plain old retribution), I am arguing that
         | there should be strict liability for the individuals as well -
         | throw them in jail, bankrupt them, etc, so that a message is
         | sent that employees of all companies owe, at a minimum, a duty
         | of care to protect the safety of the general public.
         | Essentially take away the employees' ability to say "I was just
         | following orders to try to maximize shareholder value". Give
         | the employees, in response, some protection from being fired
         | for upholding this new obligation.
        
           | AmVess wrote:
           | This is the only approach that will work. Punish all those
           | involved with stiff criminal charges and punishments that
           | include jail time and loss of all personal assets. Avoidable
           | incidents like these would become a thing of the past.
        
           | scotty79 wrote:
           | > who will go work at other companies and likely escape
           | lawsuits since they were operating within the umbrella of
           | their job.
           | 
           | And who'll exactly hire people responsible for the death of
           | their previous company?
        
             | voisin wrote:
             | It happens all the time. Do you think the accounting
             | employees of Enron are all unemployed right now? People
             | downplay their involvement.
        
       | vondur wrote:
       | I assumed that's why they burned the gas off. It produces
       | hydrochloride acid, while initially very dangerous, it will
       | eventually be diluted into the environment. The effects of which
       | you can see on the melting paint on nearby cars. I thought this
       | stuff was transported in two walled containers. Apparently not.
        
       | chiefalchemist wrote:
       | > Neither was it equipped with electronically controlled
       | pneumatic brakes, a safety measure that the railway industry
       | lobbied against vigorously when Congress proposed a law to have
       | them installed on trains because of the costs involved.
       | 
       | Safety has a cost. Lack of safety has a cost. The former the cost
       | is financial. The latter it's lives, peace of mind, health, etc.
       | 
       | One is replaceable. One is not. Sadly Congress protected the
       | replaceable one.
        
         | chii wrote:
         | > One is replaceable.
         | 
         | cost is cost. You can put a financial figure on lives, health,
         | peace of mind etc. Insurance companies do this every time they
         | insure something.
         | 
         | So the question really is whether the cost of safety will
         | outweigh the economic loss of implementing that safety.
        
           | sqeaky wrote:
           | Insurance companies doing this to help people manage risk and
           | are often attempting to help people in moments of grief and
           | tragedy, and those people opted into the contract.
           | 
           | Train companies doing this to unsuspecting towns are
           | stochastic monsters killing people because the victims are a
           | financial externality and therefore cheaper dead than alive.
           | They knew that a disaster could happen but chose good balance
           | sheets over externalized risk.
           | 
           | Boiling this down to pure economics is monstrous; Flip this
           | around. What if I get to decide if you live or die based on
           | my spreadsheets?
           | 
           | Clearly the dollar value of thing isn't the only thing that
           | matters. We should make these as safe as we can afford to, to
           | the point that mass death or even mass destruction doesn't
           | happen while billionaires are made from it. We can't afford
           | infinite safety but while we can afford more safety we
           | should. It is even correct from a macroeconomic standpoint,
           | people who don't die or suffer from disasters go on to be
           | more productive in the economy than dead people.
        
           | chiefalchemist wrote:
           | In theory. But would you (and fam) trade places with anyone
           | living in that area? For 2x the price the insurance company
           | would pay?
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | The real problem with this math is that the cost of the
           | braking system would be borne by the company, but the costs
           | of the derailment are borne by the public. So even if the
           | derailment cost >>> the brake system cost, it's an easy
           | decision for the industry to make. That whole privatized
           | profits / socialized losses issue that keeps showing up.
        
             | moremetadata wrote:
             | > That whole privatized profits / socialized losses issue
             | that keeps showing up.
             | 
             | The Banksters demonstrated that back in 2008.
        
           | freejazz wrote:
           | I think it's understood that sometimes we need to reflect the
           | value of a human life in monetary terms, but to act as if
           | human lives provide no value beyond actuarial valuations is
           | pretty horrific
        
         | onetimeusename wrote:
         | I am not convinced electronically controlled pneumatic brakes
         | would have made a big difference here[1] during an emergency
         | stop. Some difference, sure. But keep in mind that 50 cars out
         | of 141(IIRC) derailed. This is not a defense of any specific
         | policy. I just think people are treating the EPC brakes as if
         | they would have completely prevented the accident.
         | 
         | [1]:
         | https://www.ntsb.gov/news/events/Documents/2017_casselton_BM...
        
           | washadjeffmad wrote:
           | ECP brakes are generally per train and freight car or car
           | block. Any single car or block installed with them likely
           | wouldn't haven't made a difference, but more probably, in an
           | environment with lax adherence to (or even avoidance of)
           | safety technology guidelines, there is no guarantee that an
           | ECP braking system would have been operably configured and
           | maintained.
           | 
           | In the condition this train was at, whether they were
           | equipped or not is irrelevant, because they'd more than
           | likely just have been expensive decorations.
        
             | onetimeusename wrote:
             | Even assuming they performed optimally, the reduction in
             | stopping distance would not have been anywhere near 100%.
             | It depends on train length, weight, and speed, and some
             | other train car standards but a mean estimate would be a 13
             | to 39% reduction in the stopping distance. How many less
             | cars does this translate to as far as a derailment? This
             | study [1] suggest 20% less. Contrast that with an official
             | saying that ECP brakes would have "avoided that monster
             | pile up"[2]. If 50 cars derailed then maybe we could see
             | ten fewer cars derailing in a similar accident. Is that
             | worth it? I don't know. But I don't believe it would have
             | completely prevented it.
             | 
             | [1]: https://www.gao.gov/assets/690/680555.pdf
             | 
             | [2]:
             | https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/2023/02/14/norfolk-
             | south...
        
           | takeda wrote:
           | they would likely reduce the number of derailed cars
        
           | eurticket wrote:
           | In my limited knowledge weren't ecp brakes part of the
           | ability is to prevent large trains from derailing, and being
           | able to stop independently?
           | 
           | The older braking system, that was currently installed on
           | those trains, has more points of failure.
        
       | htag wrote:
       | It's becoming more clear that in the US health and safety are
       | taking a back seat to corporate profits. It's shameful to read
       | safety equipment that could have prevented this derailment was
       | lobbied against by the railway industry.
        
         | lettergram wrote:
         | <Insert "always has been" meme>
         | 
         | By definition the EPA, FDA, etc give corporations protections
         | from events, not the other way around.
         | 
         | For instance, even if a company is provably causing me harm,
         | say through a drug injury, I can't sue the company for false
         | advertising -- FDA approved.
         | 
         | How about the EPA? Same deal, I can't sue a company for causing
         | me injuries due to carbon dioxide, so long as they follow EPA
         | regulations. Historically, before all these agencies you could
         | sue for any injury that caused harm (ie the law).
        
           | sqeaky wrote:
           | You present a view preposterously one-sided.
           | 
           | The FDA fines and sues companies not following the rules.
           | They set a floor for behavior and mitigate frivolous
           | lawsuits. This help companies and society, this is better for
           | both. This isn't a pie we are dividing, this is complex
           | system we are building together.
           | 
           | The current system isn't perfect but things are clearly
           | better with than without. Businesses know what they can and
           | can't be sued for and overall less bad shit happens to the
           | populace. It isn't like I have the ability to sue people
           | dumping CO2 into the air. Because lawsuits need more than
           | someone polluting, they need someone to break a rule or cause
           | direct harm and for the victim to know who to sue and have
           | money to do it with
           | 
           | We could theoretically make these systems better by making
           | the rules better and sometimes we even do.
        
         | krolden wrote:
         | No offense but this was clear since the 70s, if not earlier.
        
           | hotpotamus wrote:
           | Where humans and heavy machinery interact, there have always
           | been financial incentives to capital to look the other way
           | over safety concerns. There's some really great footage from
           | GM plants in the 30's from a film they made "Master Hands"[0]
           | that shows workers handling red-hot cranks with hand tools in
           | massive forges and other working conditions that would get
           | them immediately shut down by OSHA today. Those regulations
           | came out of the labor movements of the New Deal and the
           | war/post-war.
           | 
           | I think the most damning thing is that cases of black lung
           | are actually on the rise in Appalachia in the 21st century
           | because companies have managed to slacken worker protections
           | for coal miners.
           | 
           | [0]https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pr8rCNaASlc
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Tangentially, from what I hear, proffesional blacksmiths
             | prefer to work without gloves, accepting the risk of burns
             | compared to the better grip it gives them.
             | 
             | Where it becomes an issue, is indeed when you are not your
             | own master, and the risk and profit being borne by
             | different people cause warped incentives...
        
         | jerkstate wrote:
         | I read a quote that electronically controlled brakes could have
         | prevented this, but haven't heard a good explanation of why
         | (based on the initial NTSB reporting that the cause was a
         | failed wheel bearing) - I looked up the ex-government person
         | who the quote was attributed to and they now seem to work in
         | private industry selling electronic control systems for trains.
         | Not to definitively say the safety equipment mentioned that was
         | lobbied against would not have prevented this disaster, but do
         | you know more about it?
        
           | mikeyouse wrote:
           | So the traditional brakes use a stream of air to actuate the
           | brakes down the line, the 'signal' in these brakes travels at
           | roughly 1,000ft/second. The train in Ohio was 151 cars long
           | and over 9,000 feet long, so from the moment the conductor
           | tries to emergency brake, it would take over 9 seconds for
           | the cars at the tail of the train to even begin braking vs.
           | electronically controlled ones which brake instantaneously.
           | 
           | The ECP wikipedia gets into a lot of the details, but by
           | evenly braking instead of the first cars braking and getting
           | "pushed" by the back ones, you limit the risk of derailment
           | by some amount.
           | 
           | The counterfactual of "what would have happened" with them is
           | hard to answer with any certainty, but much less kinetic
           | energy in the system and more even braking could have only
           | helped.
        
       | e40 wrote:
       | There was a really good comment on reddit that I duplicated here
       | (with references to original):
       | https://e40.github.io/2023-02-18-train-safety.html
       | 
       | It explains _why_ there are so many derailments these days.
        
         | giardini wrote:
         | This. Great link that shows the RR car spewing sparks miles
         | before the spill.
        
         | gruez wrote:
         | >Dems backed it because they didn't want the optics from a rail
         | strike paralyzing shipping, and the GOP backed it because
         | they're the GOP and do anything for their pocketbooks.
         | 
         | Yet, most of the nays came from the GOP and in the house most
         | GOP voted _against_ the bill?
         | 
         | https://clerk.house.gov/Votes/2022490
        
           | verall wrote:
           | Yet the GOP filibustered the version which would have given
           | the 7 days of sick time that rail workers requested:
           | 
           | https://theintercept.com/2022/11/30/rail-workers-strike-
           | hous...
           | 
           | The bill that did pass with bipartisan support was a
           | compromise due to this bill failing. It is extremely
           | disingenuous to suggest that the democrats, who voted
           | overwhelmingly for a bill that satisfied more rail worker
           | demands, hold most of the fault for the strike break.
           | 
           | The GOP correctly realized that by voting against rail
           | workers, they could force democrats to also vote against rail
           | workers in order to avoid a general rail strike which would
           | be disastrous to the economy and laid at the feed of the
           | Biden administration. This is the realpolitik world we live
           | in, and peoples health will suffer due to it.
           | 
           | Oh and democrats do share some of the blame, just not the
           | majority. Joe Manchin did vote against the bill supporting
           | rail workers.
        
           | goostavos wrote:
           | Can a smart person explain what that bill means? The
           | summary[0] reads like the government just saying "you'll take
           | the existing terms and like it" (I didn't know that the
           | government could do this). Is that the same thing as making
           | it "illegal to strike" as the linked comment suggests?
           | 
           | How does all this work?
           | 
           | [0] https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/house-joint-
           | res...
        
         | arthurfm wrote:
         | Wendover Productions posted an interesting train-related video
         | recently.
         | 
         | https://youtu.be/qQTjLWIHN74?t=466
         | 
         | It would appear that the issues with Amtrak can be traced back
         | to freight rail as well. See 07:46 onwards for more details.
        
           | e40 wrote:
           | Very interesting, indeed. The issues in this video with the
           | track issues ... what a shitshow.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | 29athrowaway wrote:
       | Corruption
        
         | dang wrote:
         | Maybe so, but please don't post unsubstantive comments to HN.
        
       | Accujack wrote:
       | Sadly, the author of this article doesn't provide any proof of
       | his statements regarding chemicals "draining into the Ohio
       | river"... he just seems to accept the statements made in other
       | news sources without question.
       | 
       | Here's the latest news from Cincinatti:
       | 
       | https://www.cincinnati-oh.gov/water/news/ohio-river-test-res...
       | 
       | Various conspiracy minded and politically motivated groups
       | continue to push the Ohio derailment as some sort of
       | environmental apocalypse in social media and elsewhere online
       | when the evidence seems to indicate the spill was successfully
       | contained.
        
         | mikeyouse wrote:
         | The EPA reported the runoff into local creeks and damage to
         | aquatic wildlife.. and further testing found at minimum ethyl
         | hexyl acrylate in a creek that directly drains into the Ohio
         | River.. not sure how much more "proof" you'd need for that..
         | 
         | > _Responding crews discovered contaminated runoff on two
         | surface water streams: Sulphur Run and Leslie Run. Under Ohio
         | EPA oversight, Norfolk Southern emergency response contractors
         | installed booms and underflow dams to restrict the flow of
         | contaminated water as well as contain and collect floating
         | product._
         | 
         | > _U.S. EPA took water samples at the streams and has sent them
         | to a laboratory for analysis. Emergency response staff noticed
         | impacted aquatic life and notified the Ohio Department of
         | Natural Resources and the U.S. Department of Interior. Ohio DNR
         | is on site and is assessing the situation and the impacts to
         | aquatic life. Downstream water utilities were also notified._
         | 
         | (https://response.epa.gov/site/site_profile.aspx?site_id=1593..
         | .)
         | 
         | > _Water quality sampling taken Feb. 10 shows very low levels
         | of two contaminants, butyl acrylate and ethyl hexyl acrylate,
         | in Leslie Run which dissipates quickly, and no detects of butyl
         | acrylate in North Fork Little Beaver Creek or Little Beaver
         | Creek. There was a much lower level of ethyl hexyl acrylate
         | found in North Fork Little Beaver Creek. Little Beaver Creek
         | did not have any ethyl hexyl acrylate. No vinyl chloride has
         | been detected in any of these waterways. Sulfur Run flows into
         | Leslie Run, which flows into North Fork Little Beaver Creek,
         | which flows into Little Beaver Creek, which discharges into the
         | Ohio River._
         | 
         | (https://epa.ohio.gov/monitor-pollution/pollution-
         | issues/east...)
         | 
         | I don't even disagree that this is being slightly overblown if
         | you look solely at the nature of the leaked chemicals -- but a
         | bit of artistic license in service of fewer derailments and
         | chemical leaks seems fair enough.
        
           | Accujack wrote:
           | The ends do not justify the means in this case.
        
             | mikeyouse wrote:
             | The ends of safer rail infrastructure don't justify the
             | means of some people occasionally exaggerating the degree
             | of pollution that found the waterways vs the amount that
             | was just dumped into the soil or burned? We'll have to
             | agree to disagree.
        
       | giardini wrote:
       | I wonder if this is somehow related to Congress' recent
       | intervention in the railroad strike?
       | 
       | https://www.wsws.org/en/articles/2023/02/01/bnsf-f01.html:
       | 
       | FTFA
       | 
       |  _" >Only days after the law was passed, BNSF, Union Pacific and
       | Norfolk Southern announced pilot programs to reduce crew sizes
       | from two to one.<"_
       | 
       | Norfolk Southern is the railroad company that suffered the Ohio
       | spill.
       | 
       | wsws is hardly an unbiased source but they clearly support the RR
       | workers.
       | 
       | So this incident could be sabotage or "faked sabotage" (damage
       | done to falsely impute malfeasance by the workers/union).
       | 
       | Also saw a video of the train passing thru a prior town with one
       | RR car axle spewing sparks.
        
         | delecti wrote:
         | The two possibilities seem to be either 1. that they warned
         | (among other things) about crumbling infrastructure, and that
         | crumbling infrastructure then crumbled, or 2. they did a
         | terrorism. I've been hearing about the US's crumbling
         | infrastructure for decades, so 1 sure seems a lot more likely.
        
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