[HN Gopher] Zoning laws are no longer in effect in much of the B...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       Zoning laws are no longer in effect in much of the Bay Area
        
       Author : kyeb
       Score  : 213 points
       Date   : 2023-02-16 19:52 UTC (3 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.sfchronicle.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.sfchronicle.com)
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | That guy in the Mission District of SF who fought this for
       | _decades_ should deserve a windfall...
       | 
       | Ill try to find a link, but basically this guy got initial
       | approval to build a building and got hit with a typhoon of zoning
       | laws and knew he was in the right, but a bunch of SF NIMBYS were
       | fighting him forever and he got F'd...
       | 
       | This guy deserves something like a payout for someone imprisoned
       | for no reason.
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | But SF is _not_ one of the cities affected by the builder's
         | remedy currently. The article says:
         | 
         | > Among large cities, only San Francisco is in compliance.
        
       | jdlyga wrote:
       | I love when crushing bureaucracy ends up crushing itself
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | zitterbewegung wrote:
       | https://archive.is/FudmQ
        
       | reducesuffering wrote:
       | Hey, it's HN's zbrozek in the article.
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/user?id=zbrozek
        
         | hummus_bae wrote:
         | Neat, I didn't know he posted here. He's one of my favorite
         | authors and I've read most, if not all, of his articles.
         | 
         | https://www.z blozek.com
        
       | asdff wrote:
       | Whether or not developers take advantage will still depend on
       | market conditions and the costs to develop housing. For example,
       | recently in LA county voters passed a transfer tax that is
       | espected to quiet development somewhat:
       | https://www.planetizen.com/news/2022/12/120395-critics-expec...
       | 
       | Plenty of other things beyond taxes add to costs as well. Onerous
       | environmental review, having to add amenities like open courtyard
       | space or balconies, how many elevators might be required, parking
       | requirements, all adds to the cost per unit which leads to fewer
       | units built per loan and the need for higher rents to make those
       | costs pencil out. Even the amount of time things sit in review at
       | city hall has costs. You could very well hit a situation where
       | due to these constraints, not nearly as many builders take
       | advantage of builders remedy as one might expect. This is part of
       | the issue with allowing the onus of adding housing supply in our
       | cities fall on an overregulated industry that depends on
       | achieving a certain profit margin to function.
        
       | Z_I_F_F wrote:
       | https://archive.is/nHQgm
        
       | jollyllama wrote:
       | What's to stop a landlord from turning a floor in his apartment
       | building into a chicken battery farm now?
        
         | themitigating wrote:
         | What size batteries do chicken use? D?
        
         | bluGill wrote:
         | Why do you care if they do? Now you should have the right to
         | demand that the chicken farm controls the smell, and otherwise
         | isn't polluting, but stopping chicken farms completely is the
         | wrong solution. The above includes assurance that fire and
         | accidents will not spread.
         | 
         | Of course land in the bay is valuable enough that nobody will
         | do what you suggest. However that is economics, it shouldn't be
         | law.
        
           | noselasd wrote:
           | I'll assume there's law controlling animal welfare,
           | pollution, building codes for fire, water etc. hazards, but
           | without zoning laws are there grounds to control noise,
           | smell, traffic etc. ?
        
           | jollyllama wrote:
           | I can imagine there's at least a couple of landlords who
           | would place a premium on shortening their supply chains in
           | such a way.
           | 
           | Where I live, a lot of zoning laws are really ordinances, and
           | the enforcement of different aspects of sanitation is split
           | between the zoning ordinance and other ordinances. I wonder
           | how the new anti-zoning law law handles that.
        
           | runnerup wrote:
           | Sometimes there are things are obviously bad and harmful and
           | it can be known ahead of time that it will harm people. These
           | things should be stopped before they happen in a properly
           | functioning society.
           | 
           | If someone invents a way to do it safely, they should have
           | the burden of safely proving that first.
           | 
           | If someone wants to stockpile 100 tons of explosive material
           | in my neighborhood, I don't want my estate to use the courts
           | to find remedy after my section of the neighborhood gets
           | leveled/cratered. I want the obviously harmful activity to be
           | stopped before the hazard is created.
        
             | fragmede wrote:
             | Thankfully it's not quite that level of anarchy, it's just
             | that new housing can be built without local governments
             | saying "no". It isn't the case that heavy industry can now
             | be placed next to an elementary school.
        
         | tshaddox wrote:
         | Other laws. Same thing that stops someone from burning down
         | your house or robbing you. They haven't suspended all laws.
        
         | mike_d wrote:
         | Because the Builder's Remedy applies only to permitting for
         | residential projects and homeless shelters.
        
         | AlgorithmicTime wrote:
         | You mean other than practical, financial, and agricultural
         | obstacles?
        
           | giantg2 wrote:
           | They have high rises for pigs in China. So I guess in some
           | areas they are practical.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | hackerlight wrote:
         | Laws pertaining to pollution or noise? Zoning laws are
         | redundant at best.
        
           | [deleted]
        
         | dmitryminkovsky wrote:
         | Battery chicken farms are known to cause cancer in the State of
         | California?
        
           | gadflyinyoureye wrote:
           | Probably. Everything does. https://www.newsweek.com/heres-
           | why-everything-gives-you-canc...
        
       | digdugdirk wrote:
       | Is there anywhere to see the list of projects that are being
       | insta-approved as they come in?
       | 
       | Also, does anyone know what legal recourse there is to block
       | projects that are submitted under the current no-zoning state?
        
         | avrionov wrote:
         | Here is an website which tracks projects around bay area:
         | https://sfyimby.com
        
         | abeppu wrote:
         | An earlier Chronicle article anticipates some ways projects
         | will be blocked. It sounds like this isn't the unambiguous
         | green light that some articles suggest.
         | 
         | > Environmental review is one such way. Normally, cities
         | perform one environmental review for a citywide or
         | neighborhood-wide zoning plan. So long as project applications
         | comply with those plans, they can piggyback on the parent
         | environmental report. But since builder's remedy applications
         | often disregard local zoning, cities can ask developers to
         | complete a full environmental impact report for a project. Once
         | that's done, cities can then claim that any impact -- noise,
         | shadows, pollution -- in the report was insufficiently studied
         | and demand costly redos. Community groups can also take
         | builders to court.
         | 
         | > Cities can further pile on costs for builder's remedy
         | projects by requiring infrastructure upgrades like new sewer
         | connections. Local governments can also potentially exact
         | revenge by making other applications from developers more
         | unpleasant -- for instance, by subjecting them to additional
         | scrutiny or longer processing times. This threat will likely
         | dissuade many developers from pursuing a builder's remedy
         | project.
         | 
         | The last portion, where local governments might intentionally
         | punish developers, may be why there's not a bunch of large
         | experienced developers rushing to submit plans.
         | 
         | https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/builde...
        
           | kneebonian wrote:
           | I'll throw out I also know a guy who is a developer, they
           | have had enough bad issues working in Oregon alone that they
           | have 0 intention of ever touching anything in CA with a 10ft
           | pole, simply because it isn't worth it to deal with the
           | hassle and the headaches.
        
             | asdff wrote:
             | A sinister part of the hassle and headaches are that
             | sometimes they are designed to be so convoluted such that
             | only certain favorite developers are even qualified to take
             | up the project at all. Keeping your friend out of the
             | market is sometimes the point.
        
         | HDThoreaun wrote:
         | There is some talk that builders remedy may be exempt from CEQA
         | because of some clauses in its law. It will surely face some
         | CEQA suits so remains to be seen how the courts will handle.
        
         | Analemma_ wrote:
         | My understanding is that they can still be delayed by CEQA
         | lawsuits, which NIMBYs have become very good at, but at least
         | CEQA usually only delays projects instead of blocking them
         | entirely.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Sometimes the delay or threat of delay is enough to take a
           | project from being profitable to being unprofitable for any
           | local developer. This sometimes explains why you have vacant
           | lots in areas like the bay area where any and all land would
           | be in demand. Doesn't matter how much demand there would be
           | if you can't afford to capture it at the pricepoint it exists
           | at.
        
         | aggronn wrote:
         | Projects can still effectively be denied/delayed from
         | discretionary environmental review. State is working on pre-
         | empting or expediting that as well for these affordable housing
         | projects.
        
       | mistrial9 wrote:
       | median residential home prices in Solano County (just north-east
       | of San Francisco) went up twenty one percent over one year in
       | 2021. The county overall lost population (again) primarily due to
       | residents moving out of California.
       | 
       | source: Solano County Govt. Economic Report 2022
        
       | newaccount2021 wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | abeppu wrote:
       | > The builder's remedy says that noncompliant cities must allow
       | housing at any density and any height, anywhere in the city, as
       | long as at least 20% of the new homes are affordable.
       | 
       | https://www.sfchronicle.com/opinion/openforum/article/builde...
       | 
       | For most places in the Bay Area, is there an existing
       | affordability percentage requirement? How much of an increase is
       | this? I'm not a development/construction insider, but a quick
       | search pulls up a claim that builders often are in the range of
       | 10-20% gross profit. Does a 20% affordable unit requirement swing
       | a normal project to being unprofitable, even if cities can't
       | block it for zoning reasons?
       | 
       | https://buildbook.co/blog/home-builders-profit-margin
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | 20% IZ is usually a show-stopper when combined with height and
         | FAR limits but the idea is that there must be some point in the
         | solution space that works with 20% IZ.
         | 
         | San Francisco has IZ set at between 20 and 33% depending on the
         | project and this is widely seen as a blanket anti-development
         | policy.
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | Most cities in the Bay with IZ have close to 10% with a few
         | close to 20%. Indeed, 20% IZ only usually works in high income
         | areas where the market rate for housing is high enough to make
         | the affordable unit requirements profitable. Most Builder's
         | Remedy housing will therefore be proposed in high income areas.
        
       | samstave wrote:
       | This is just a play from high-powered NIMBY SF players to placate
       | the devs, landlords, scumlords and hedgies (like blackRock)
       | 
       | Nothing more.
       | 
       | REPLY TO BELOW:
       | 
       | - If they are not hedge funds, then what are they, BE SPECIFIC.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | A mildly funny thing about vacant housing/everything is
         | corporations conspiracists is they can't tell the difference
         | between BlackRock and Blackstone. Though neither one is a hedge
         | fund.
        
       | occz wrote:
       | Zoning laws broadly are probably still in effect, right? I doubt
       | you could build something industrial in residential zones. It's
       | just the bad parts of zoning that are disabled, if I understood
       | the article correctly.
       | 
       | Excellent development in any case. Hope a lot of good dense
       | housing gets built.
        
         | potatolicious wrote:
         | Yes, also residential "zoning laws" broadly still exist - it's
         | just that they are state-level residential zoning regs rather
         | than city/county ones.
         | 
         | The implication that this is anarchy is incorrect. Construction
         | and zoning are still highly regulated, just by someone else
         | this time (FWIW, I fully support this and hope many projects
         | built and cities stop crying and get in compliance with the
         | HCD).
        
         | mike_d wrote:
         | Builder's remedy forbids relevant jurisdictions from rejecting
         | residential projects that do not comply with their existing
         | zoning codes.
         | 
         | A bulletin from the Association of Bay Area Governments alludes
         | to being able to use environmental laws to block the projects
         | instead.
         | https://abag.ca.gov/sites/default/files/documents/2022-10/Bu...
        
         | dagurp wrote:
         | City Beautiful explain it really well [1]. There will still be
         | ordinances and deed restrictions.
         | 
         | 1. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TaU1UH_3B5k
        
         | MarkMarine wrote:
         | There was a great article about this a couple weeks back:
         | 
         | https://darrellowens.substack.com/p/ca-cities-to-lose-all-zo...
         | 
         | Basically, until these cities get a housing plan validated with
         | the state, who is apparently sick of their crap like zoning in
         | the middle of an active mall that will not be torn down,
         | builder's remedy is in place.
        
           | GalenErso wrote:
           | > until these cities get a housing plan validated with the
           | state
           | 
           | I could see the cities just refusing to submit any plans at
           | all. The state should then make its own housing plans with
           | the developers directly. Cities should be cut out of the
           | loop.
        
             | MarkMarine wrote:
             | They seem to be trying any trick they can think of to avoid
             | submitting a valid plan:
             | 
             | https://www.sfgate.com/local/article/bay-area-towns-mull-
             | pla...
        
               | avidiax wrote:
               | I don't know if Mr. Bean would be considered
               | developmentally disabled, but I can't get the image of
               | him being driven around while flipping off all the
               | affluent people that support this out of my mind :)
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | If they don't submit a housing element they don't get to
             | have zoning (as they currently don't) and then what's the
             | point?
        
               | shuckles wrote:
               | There are many reasons it would be good for there to be a
               | fallback zoning set by the state if a city is missing a
               | housing element. For example, in that case builders could
               | propose zoning compliance projects which have less legal
               | ambiguity, are consistent with a general plan (and
               | therefore already have environmental impacts studied for
               | CEQA), and perhaps don't have the same inclusionary
               | zoning requirements of Builders' Remedy projects.
        
             | more_corn wrote:
             | SGTM
        
           | davidw wrote:
           | Congrats to https://cayimby.org/ and https://yimbyaction.org/
           | for all their work on this!
           | 
           | Great organizations to get involved with if you care about
           | other people being able to afford a place to live.
        
             | encoderer wrote:
             | They believe in all kinds of nonsense like, for one
             | example, buying hotels to house homeless people.
        
               | shuckles wrote:
               | Why is it nonsense for the state to fund shelter programs
               | by buying out non-viable businesses (empty motels at the
               | height of the pandemic), bailing out both business owners
               | and building shelter capacity at much lower cost than
               | building it new?
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | Suppose you buy every hotel in the sfba and move in
               | _every_ homeless person, totally clearing the streets.
               | 
               | What happens next? Just no more homeless?
               | 
               | No, more homeless will appear. They will fill the same
               | corners and tents that you just cleared the month before.
               | 
               | This is not a solution. This is a grift.
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | > No, more homeless will appear
               | 
               | It's not like they magically respawn or something. There
               | are people who have studied the root cause of
               | homelessness, and: it's housing. Sure, other factors make
               | things worse, but there's more homelessness where housing
               | is expensive.
               | 
               | Which stands to reason: when a thing is expensive, fewer
               | people can afford it.
               | 
               | https://homelessnesshousingproblem.com/
               | 
               | That's why, ultimately, the biggest YIMBY win is going to
               | be not helping out people currently homeless, but
               | stopping the pipeline in the first place by having enough
               | housing.
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | They really do re-spawn if being homeless now means being
               | given a nice, new, clean place to live. Why wouldn't
               | they?
        
               | Larrikin wrote:
               | Do you really think people with housing would become
               | homeless in hopes of getting a new place?
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | I think there are a lot of people actually living with
               | relatives and friends who would "become homeless"
        
               | davidw wrote:
               | Once someone has a home, they're no longer homeless, so
               | it's a good strategy in some circumstances. Even where
               | that person has other 'issues', it's a lot easier to deal
               | with those once they're in a stable location.
               | 
               | https://www.nytimes.com/2022/06/14/headway/houston-
               | homeless-...
               | 
               | https://www.theatlantic.com/magazine/archive/2023/01/home
               | les...
        
               | Vaslo wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
               | femiagbabiaka wrote:
               | Citing an article or publication in rebuttal would be a
               | more productive way to make this critique..
        
               | seattle_spring wrote:
               | Which ironically would be from something like the Daily
               | Wire or Zero Hedge.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | frosted-flakes wrote:
               | Seems like a decent short-term plan, if it were to be
               | properly funded and actually run like a hotel, minus the
               | profits.
        
               | Fauntleroy wrote:
               | Can you elaborate on how this is "nonsense"?
        
               | mikestew wrote:
               | Other than calling "nonsense", you haven't really made
               | the case against for something that has precedent. Care
               | to take another whack at it?
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | $550,000 a unit. Come on. You can't be serious that this
               | is a solution.
               | 
               | https://apnews.com/article/lifestyle-business-health-
               | califor...
        
               | lapetitejort wrote:
               | > CEO John Maceri said the state has set up local
               | governments for success, but it will take a combined
               | effort of politicians and service providers to sustain
               | the program. He estimates conversion costs will be far
               | less than $550,000 per unit, the going rate for building
               | from the ground up.
               | 
               | I assume this is where you got your number? Why skip the
               | "far less" part?
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | Just fast googling. Here's another source at $300k -
               | still insane.
               | 
               | https://www.ktvu.com/news/oakland-san-francisco-awarded-
               | gran...
        
               | sterlind wrote:
               | The only to solve homelessness in a city, definitionally,
               | are getting the homeless to move out, or getting them
               | housing. Given the insane real estate prices in the area,
               | $550K seems accurate to buy them housing. Unless you plan
               | to round them up and ship them to camps, or find a way to
               | get them jobs that pay well enough to lease a $550K unit,
               | you're sort of out of options.
        
               | encoderer wrote:
               | Homeless shelters? Seems to be a heck of a lot cheaper
               | and more scalable than putting people up in 300-500k
               | condos?
        
         | hardtke wrote:
         | The same "Builder's Remedy" kicked in last year in many
         | Southern California cities when they missed similar deadlines,
         | and as far as I know it has led to approximately (if not
         | exactly) zero new construction.
        
           | sroussey wrote:
           | Under the builder's remedy, a developer can propose any
           | housing project, regardless of existing zoning and land use
           | codes, and it is automatically considered "approved," as long
           | as it doesn't present a clear danger to public health or
           | safety.
           | 
           | https://smdp.com/2022/10/24/16-projects-4562-housing-
           | units-h...
        
           | cheriot wrote:
           | It take years to get construction approved in CA so not sure
           | the ending has been written.
        
           | majormajor wrote:
           | It takes time.
           | 
           | https://therealdeal.com/la/2023/01/18/shekhters-ws-
           | communiti...
           | 
           | Here, for instance: "Santa Monica officials later indicated
           | they would wait to respond until WSC filed its full project
           | application, which is due six months from the preliminary
           | filing."
           | 
           | Interesting that the developer that started the commotion is
           | listing some of the sites they started the application
           | process on for sale, but not necessarily indicative of it not
           | going to happen - "Even as it prepares the listing WSC is
           | still moving ahead with the full application, Walter
           | confirmed this week." from this Jan 2023 article. Could just
           | be looking to offload some risk to someone else who now
           | thinks there's enough of a chance of these things getting
           | built to pay more for the lots than they would've last year.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | Something about that turn of phrase makes me smile.
           | Intellectual humility while making a strong statement.
        
           | another_story wrote:
           | How closely are you following residential home building in
           | most of Southern California that you're able to make this
           | statement?
        
         | astrange wrote:
         | Residential-only zoning is "the bad kind of zoning". It wasn't
         | invented to keep factories away from homes; it was /literally/
         | invented in Berkeley to stop Chinese immigrants from being able
         | to afford homes by running laundry businesses out of them.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | You should clarify "in SF" since this isn't true for the
           | actual history of residential zoning (which originated in New
           | York)
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Well, this article is about the Bay Area.
        
             | mherdeg wrote:
             | Gosh, growing up near Cleveland I always thought zoning
             | "started" in Euclid Heights. I guess there are lots of
             | different firsts?
        
           | beebmam wrote:
           | Correct me if I'm misrepresenting you here, but are you
           | claiming that the reason that something is invented is always
           | the reason why it continues to be used?
        
             | astrange wrote:
             | Now it's probably because people don't like "traffic"
             | outside their homes, but basically yes, that's why single-
             | family zoning is still in place. It's extremely silly to
             | want to ban eg corner stores in your neighborhood.
             | 
             | In SF where people have discovered "left-NIMBYism", people
             | will now argue that keeping it is fighting racism, but then
             | if you go into the suburbs they'll still happily argue the
             | original position.
        
           | throw009 wrote:
           | And that's a good thing. You don't want to have medium
           | industry in a residential area. Laundries aren't grandma
           | washing strangers clothes by hand.
           | 
           | That it took racism for the obvious to become law is
           | unfortunate but ulmately a win for everyone whose groundwater
           | isn't polluted with industrial detergents.
        
             | swampthinker wrote:
             | A brave, throwaway opinion.
        
           | onlyrealcuzzo wrote:
           | Right - but that part of residential zoning still stays,
           | right?
           | 
           | It's just that you can build a duplex on a "single-family
           | residential lot".
           | 
           | But you still can't teach piano lessons out of your house
           | without one of your neighbors constantly calling the city and
           | complaining about how you're causing traffic problems, right?
           | 
           | And you definitely can't wash other people's clothes or
           | dishes in your house, right??
        
           | eric-hu wrote:
           | I did a search to check the history of this claim, but maybe
           | I wasn't searching for the right thing. Would you mind
           | sharing a link?
        
             | jai_ wrote:
             | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Single-family_zoning
             | 
             | It's the first sentence in the History section
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | This disputes the claim it originated in SF and the
               | reasons listed. Odd that Wikipedia is centered on SF and
               | its claim is backed up by (several experts believe.)
               | Looks to me like another example of Wikipedia pushing a
               | narrative and pretending it's fact.
               | 
               | https://economics21.org/history-zoning-america-flexible-
               | hous...
        
               | enragedcacti wrote:
               | Zoning and SFH zoning are aren't the same thing, and
               | wikipedia concurs with your article w.r.t. early US
               | zoning policy
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zoning#United_States
               | 
               | Looks to me like another example of HN guy pushing a
               | narrative and pretending it's fact. Or maybe someone just
               | made a mistake and a more charitable reading would show
               | that there is perhaps not a conspiracy going on but
               | instead just a misunderstanding.
        
               | DiggyJohnson wrote:
               | I admittedly rolled my eyes at the WP link. To atone for
               | this, I've copy and pasted the relevant references from
               | that line in the History section:
               | 
               | [1] Baldassari, Erin; Solomon, Molly (October 5, 2020).
               | "The Racist History of Single-Family Home Zoning". NPR.
               | Archived from the original on November 14, 2020. https://
               | web.archive.org/web/20201114004918/https://www.kqed....
               | 
               | [3] Hansen, Louis (March 1, 2021). "Is this the end of
               | single-family zoning in the Bay Area? San Jose, Berkeley,
               | other cities consider sweeping changes". San Jose Mercury
               | News. https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/03/01/is-this-the-
               | end-of-si...
               | 
               | [4] Ruggiero, Angela (February 24, 2021). "Berkeley to
               | end single-family residential zoning, citing racist
               | ties". San Jose Mercury News.
               | https://www.mercurynews.com/2021/02/24/berkeley-to-end-
               | singl...
               | 
               | [5] Yelimeli, Supriya (February 24, 2021). "Berkeley
               | denounces racist history of single-family zoning, begins
               | 2-year process to change general plan - Council
               | unanimously approved a resolution that will work toward
               | banning single-family zoning". Berkeleyside. https://web.
               | archive.org/web/20210301140957/https://www.berke...
               | 
               | [8] Baldassari, Erin (March 13, 2021). "Facing Housing
               | Crunch, California Cities Rethink Single-Family
               | Neighborhoods". NPR. Archived from the original on March
               | 31, 2021. https://web.archive.org/web/20210331194917/http
               | s://www.npr.o...
        
               | Cardinal7167 wrote:
               | Why did you roll your eyes at it if it provided exactly
               | the correct type of referential value it's supposed to?
        
               | swatcoder wrote:
               | Accurate or not, I hate that all of these references are
               | from one 6-month regional news cycle. They may as well be
               | 1 citation, rather than 5. The excess just makes the
               | inclusion of claim look more motivated by political
               | investment than a desire to be informative.
        
             | nemo44x wrote:
             | No it's just completely untrue. This is a common tactic
             | today to say something was created for
             | <racist|sexist|homophobic> purposes so the entire concept
             | is bad naturally.
             | 
             | See how activists say policing was invented to catch slaves
             | or some ridiculous claim. There's a bunch of others.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | I said literally and I meant literally. You can just look
               | up the Berkeley city council meeting minutes! That's why
               | they said they were doing it!
        
             | wnissen wrote:
             | If you have an interest, the most comprehensive book I'm
             | aware of is "Zoned in the USA: The Origins and Implications
             | of American Land-Use Regulation" by Sonia Hirt. Cornell
             | University Press. 2014. ISBN 978-0-8014-5305-2.
             | 
             | She's the one quoted in the LA Times article:
             | https://www.latimes.com/business/story/2020-01-19/single-
             | fam...
             | 
             | Full disclosure, I was so impressed with Prof. Hirt's book
             | that I wrote her Wikipedia page.
        
               | astrange wrote:
               | Also The Color of Law:
               | https://www.epi.org/publication/the-color-of-law-a-
               | forgotten...
        
             | shkkmo wrote:
             | If you want something more rigourous than a wikipedia
             | article, that article's oldest source is the 2020 NPR
             | article which links to this paper: http://www.schoolinfosys
             | tem.org/pdf/2014/06/04SegregationinC...
             | 
             | TLDR: the real estate developer that founded Claremont
             | (Mason-McDuffie Co spearheaded by Duncan McDuffie) imposed
             | conditions in its titles that explicitly bared non-whites
             | and prohibited commercial enterprises. However, those title
             | conditions couldn't control neighboring areas, so McDuffie
             | pushed to get zoning laws passed that were explicitly
             | inspired by anti-chinese laundry regulations in LA. The
             | Berkley regulation was "expedited" to prevent a "negro
             | dance hall" from opening.
             | 
             | To me, the existence of the anti-commercial provisions in
             | the McDuffie title restrictions in addition to explicit
             | racial exclusions indicates that racial exclusion was not
             | the only motivating factor in adopting single family zoning
             | laws. However, the context and immediate usage does make it
             | pretty clear that racial exclusion was a significant part
             | of the motivation.
        
         | twblalock wrote:
         | Most of the existing lots aren't big enough for large
         | developments. It's probably going to be more of what we have --
         | relatively low-rise apartment complexes and townhouses, with
         | carport parking or garages underneath.
         | 
         | I'd also expect more people who have space for ADUs to build
         | them, although many of the lots aren't the right size or shape
         | to fit one.
         | 
         | The really big, dense housing projects are being built on
         | commercial land -- stuff like what is being built in downtown
         | Sunnyvale, Santa Clara Square, Lawrence Station, and the
         | proposed replacement of Cambrian Plaza.
         | 
         | Notably, all that big stuff is either already finished, or in
         | the process of building, and didn't need the builder's remedy
         | to get done.
        
         | Karrot_Kream wrote:
         | The builder's remedy applies to housing and only housing.
         | Nothing else. It doesn't, however, stop developers from
         | proposing housing projects in non-residential zones.
        
       | jmyeet wrote:
       | I think this article overstates the risks to those wanting to use
       | the builder's remedy. It suggests wealthy towns would have the
       | means to fight this in court. But the reality is the towns have
       | very little legal defense. Just last year, 4000+ new units were
       | approved via the builder's remedy in Santa Monica, a rich
       | envlcave of LA that has notoriously fought development with
       | oppressive zoning for decades.
       | 
       | Also, the point isn't to build giant high rises in the middle of
       | Los Altos. It is to bypass restrictive zoning that doesn't let
       | you build anything at all other than single family houses on
       | large lots. In a lot of Bay Area towns that will be townhouses
       | and low-rise apartments. But this can make a massive difference
       | to the local housing markets.
       | 
       | The builder's remedy is just one of many measures the state has
       | passed in recent years. Others include automatic approval for
       | building residential above commercial and bypassing zoning for
       | lots with wide rights of way. It all adds up.
       | 
       | Another aspect to this is just because you have an approved
       | project, as a builder, it doesn't mean you have to build it. It
       | does give you a hell of a bargaining chip with the city over
       | something else you want to build however.
       | 
       | All these Bay Area NIMBY enclaves have been fucking around and I
       | imagine a large number of them are about to find out.
       | 
       | This week a viral video tour of a high school in Carmel, IN has
       | been circulating [1]. For those who don't understand,
       | particularly non-Americans, schools are funded primarily by local
       | property taxes. This means wealthy towns have facilities like
       | this and poorer communities have buildings that are falling
       | apart.
       | 
       | This is economic segregation.
       | 
       | A lot of wealthy towns in CA have been fighting state housing
       | mandates because they want to maintain their "character". This
       | includes some ultra-wealthy towns like Atherton.
       | 
       | One reason I support what CA is doing here is because by allowing
       | a mix of accomodation it will increase access to facilities like
       | this beyond just the ultra-wealthy.
       | 
       | [1]: https://www.insider.com/carmel-high-school-tour-tiktok-
       | publi...
        
         | jeffbee wrote:
         | I think it's overstating the case that 4000 units were
         | "approved" in Santa Monica. Some guy pulled papers on the
         | project. Get back to me if any of them break ground. So far,
         | only 899 units worth have filed complete applications and zero
         | of these have got anywhere in the rest of the process. I would
         | not advise holding your breath.
         | 
         | Cities have various ways to stop projects. They can drag out
         | things like demolition permits forever.
        
         | toast0 wrote:
         | > For those who don't understand, particularly non-Americans,
         | schools are funded primarily by local property taxes.
         | 
         | This was true historically, and may still be true in some
         | states, but court cases since the 1970s [1] have been forcing
         | reforms on school funding to be more equitable at the state
         | level.
         | 
         | [1]
         | https://edeq.stanford.edu/sections/section-4-lawsuits/landma...
        
       | GalenErso wrote:
       | The next target should be CEQA, the California Environmental
       | Quality Act. NIMBYs can endlessly delay new construction by
       | requesting CEQA assessments. I am hugely pro-environment, mind
       | you, but an environmental assessment for a new development should
       | be relatively fast and easy to complete, and it shouldn't prevent
       | new builds wholesale except in the direst cases.
        
         | shuckles wrote:
         | Exempting infill housing from CEQA is on the YIMBY agenda. That
         | said, CEQA only applies to discretionary decisions, so if
         | permitting residential development is a ministerial decision
         | (i.e. anyone who meets certain criteria is approved), then the
         | CEQA review for it is incorporated into the Housing Element.
         | That is itself a huge step forward.
        
           | jeffbee wrote:
           | I don't think that is current law or jurisprudence. There is
           | a bill introduced in this session that will make any project
           | consequent to an adopted general, area, or specific plan be
           | "not a project" under CEQA. But that's not where we are now,
           | which is why cities have to EIR their general plans and then
           | every project has another EIR.
           | 
           | Personally, I think they should just write down that anything
           | inside the boundary of an incorporated city, built on a site
           | that previously had something on it, is not a project.
        
             | shuckles wrote:
             | Yes it is: private projects are only subject to CEQA if
             | permits are discretionary cf
             | https://ohp.parks.ca.gov/?page_id=21723.
             | 
             | In San Francisco and some neighboring cities, every permit
             | is discretionary either directly or through ambiguity (http
             | s://law.ucdavis.edu/sites/g/files/dgvnsk10866/files/medi...
             | ), but it doesn't have to be that way.
        
         | klooney wrote:
         | Especially infill. There are no endangered animals living in
         | SOMA.
        
           | asdff wrote:
           | Just wait for the SOMA sewer rat to become a protected
           | species
        
         | ecf wrote:
         | Some millimeter sized shrimp completely altered expansion plans
         | for an entire UC campus.
         | 
         | https://www.sfgate.com/green/article/MERCED-UC-expansion-pla...
        
           | bb611 wrote:
           | The shrimp were an impediment to a small fraction of the
           | planned build, the build was modified with minimal impact on
           | the project, and an even more aggressive expansion of the
           | campus was completed in the last 5 years without impact.
           | 
           | If anything, that appears to be a successful use of CEQA,
           | where a large and important building project was effectively
           | balanced with the need to protect wildlife without major
           | disruption to the final buildings.
        
           | mistrial9 wrote:
           | formulary rhetoric talking point minus details, context or
           | expectation of real discussion
        
         | Lammy wrote:
         | > NIMBYs can endlessly delay new construction by requesting
         | CEQA assessments.
         | 
         | This is my favorite graph for explaining how I can be pro-
         | environment without necessarily being pro-Environmentalism(tm)
         | https://books.google.com/ngrams/graph?content=gentrification...
        
       | Vapormac wrote:
       | https://archive.is/nHQgm (non paywall)
        
       | flerchin wrote:
       | Build baby build.
        
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       (page generated 2023-02-16 23:01 UTC)