[HN Gopher] Pentagon testing mass surveillance balloons across t...
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       Pentagon testing mass surveillance balloons across the US (2019)
        
       Author : TheFreim
       Score  : 37 points
       Date   : 2023-02-12 20:22 UTC (2 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | perihelions wrote:
       | These freedom balloons or whatever, they have a neat trick I
       | remember reading about. In principle, if you're at very high
       | altitude, you can simultaneously image everything over hundreds
       | of square miles, with the right optics and an extremely large
       | camera array (many gigapixels). You're close enough to identify
       | faces (unlike orbiting satellites 200 km+ up). And you can stare
       | at everything forever, 24/7, except that the firehose of data is
       | unmanageable (even just a direct downlink would be impossible).
       | So the solution, the trick, is a large FPGA on the balloon that
       | classifies small pixel regions, according to whether "these
       | pixels are static"; "these pixels might contain a human"; or
       | "these pixels are non-static but probably not human". And the
       | result is to select small windows out of the firehose for real-
       | time downlink, while discarding the rest (or just updating it at
       | low refresh rate).
       | 
       | I don't know if this was common knowledge or not: but the effect
       | is you can continuously stare at incredibly large swaths of land
       | at once, with the illusion of a pseudo-100+ Gbps video feed,
       | through the right combination of vehicle/optics/camera/signal
       | processing.
        
         | anigbrowl wrote:
         | _You 're close enough to identify faces_
         | 
         | I seriously doubt that even with black-projects AI assistance.
         | I have no experience with hi-altitude fancy photography, but a
         | lot with the limits of terrestrial photography of human
         | subjects.
        
           | tonyarkles wrote:
           | I work on aerial imaging hardware and... I'll bite, just for
           | a few minutes. At this point I'm at 50/50 and just want to
           | know the answer at "napkin resolution"
           | 
           | https://www.axis.com/learning/web-articles/identification-
           | an... Suggests something like a 2mm-4mm GSD would be
           | required.
           | 
           | The small city I live in has an area of 179km^2. Assuming
           | it's a square and we're taking a square photo, that's 13.37km
           | x 13.37km (nice number!). In each axis this is 13.37e3 m /
           | 2e-3 m/px = 66.85e6 pixels. Squaring that gives us... if I'm
           | counting right, a 4.4 Exapixel image. If we used the 4mm GSD
           | instead of the 2mm GSD it would still be a 1.1 Exapixel
           | image.
           | 
           | On a modest budget (maybe $200-300k) the kit I work with
           | could be scaled up to do real-time gigapixel imaging at maybe
           | 20-30 fps. But that's still short by a factor of 1M both in
           | image sensor real estate and in processing capacity.
           | 
           | I agree that this seems implausible. That being said, the
           | gigapixel rig could still be quite scary in the wrong hands,
           | just not at the city scale. You could do video that covers
           | about a 350ft x 350ft area and be able to retroactively go
           | back and do face identification on everyone whose faces you
           | can see. It's a completely parallel problem too and the costs
           | scale linearly with the area unless you start running into
           | second-order effects like diffraction limits or obliquely
           | angles.
           | 
           | Edit: option 2 now that I think about it a little more would
           | be to have a lower resolution broad image with servoable high
           | resolution units. Point the 350x350ft camera at a specific
           | ROI and filter down from there. That $200-300k budget
           | includes about a dozen onboard high performance ML engines.
           | Depending on the actual frame rate you want processed, you
           | could either do light object recognition at a reasonable
           | rate, or heavy inference at maybe 0.5-1fps.
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | moose_man wrote:
       | Yes, but notice how they did not test them in Chinese airspace.
        
         | puffoflogic wrote:
         | Notice that we have zero evidence that the recent objects were
         | Chinese in origin except the admin has said so. And we know
         | they never lie about anything.
        
           | more_corn wrote:
           | It would be funny if they turned out to be ours. A case of
           | the right hand not knowing what the left hand was doing.
        
           | moose_man wrote:
           | The Chinese said it was their balloon last week. They want it
           | back. If we just go with the prevailing trend, China is the
           | most likely explanation for these by a long shot.
        
             | roundandround wrote:
             | If China lied about its balloons (over Beijing) being from
             | the US, would the US attempt to do the impossible and prove
             | that something never existed or agree and ask for them
             | back?
        
         | coldtea wrote:
         | Didn't they?
        
           | moose_man wrote:
           | No, the Chinese get aggressive if anyone flies in the South
           | China Sea let alone over China proper.
        
             | kurthr wrote:
             | Exactly, China was boasting about it's ability to shoot
             | down high altitude balloons in 2019. You can still find
             | some stuff in Mandarin, but everything in english, has been
             | taken down. They were boasting about their high altitude
             | surveillance balloons a year ago, and again you can still
             | find some original material, but all of the english
             | language articles have been removed. The propaganda machine
             | is spinning on it's head now.
        
         | hackerlight wrote:
         | What would be the purpose of surveillance balloons if not to
         | use them on your rivals...
        
           | kQq9oHeAz6wLLS wrote:
           | When the citizenry has the ability to remove you from power,
           | they become your rivals
        
           | moose_man wrote:
           | It is cost benefit trade off. Sure US could get some benefit
           | but at the expense of the similar scenario that is playing
           | out now here. Using balloons over national territory is
           | highly escalatory. Whatever they're getting intelligence wise
           | it can't be worth the fallout. Building a capability is not
           | the same as employing it. We have nukes and yet we don't
           | regularly bring them out.
        
           | nyc_data_geek1 wrote:
           | To surveil your population, as most "first world" governments
           | seem so keen on?
        
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