[HN Gopher] Time-restricted eating reshapes gene expression thro...
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Time-restricted eating reshapes gene expression throughout the body
Author : lxm
Score : 108 points
Date : 2023-02-12 16:52 UTC (6 hours ago)
(HTM) web link (www.sciencedaily.com)
(TXT) w3m dump (www.sciencedaily.com)
| nobaddays wrote:
| Yeah my doctor always tells me to intermittent fast, ie stop
| eating at 8ish pm and have breakfast at 10am.
| siliconc0w wrote:
| Metabolism for mice doesn't directly translate to humans, their
| metabolisms are a lot faster. I think the formula is roughly 7
| times, so this is just above two days of fasting for humans.
| Which I'm sure would be fantastic for your health but pretty hard
| to do.
|
| TRF has had mixed research results vs normal calorie restriction
| - sometimes leading to a drop of muscle - but it's a bit hard to
| tell since the studies are not consistent about monitoring
| protein intake or weight training which is generally necessary to
| avoid muscle loss when doing any sort of weight lost protocol. I
| think the latest research is skipping dinner is generally better
| (eTRF).
| dukeofdoom wrote:
| I tried this. Ended up thinking about food too much until 1 pm.
| But I might try it again.
| halfjoking wrote:
| Best trick IMO is to take prebiotic fiber while fasting.
|
| That way your gut bacteria gets fed and doesn't get desperate
| to tell your brain you're starving.
|
| Personally I don't feel ketogenic state is reached from 16
| hours. Feels like I need at least 24 hours, but usually do 36.
| Only thing I need other than water is electrolytes. I would get
| bad headaches without my mineral/pink salt.
| LAC-Tech wrote:
| Try having an early dinner rather than skipping breakfast. I've
| been doing it this month, going alright.
| sidcool wrote:
| Does restricted time eating mean intermittent fasting?
| mhaberl wrote:
| yes, but only for a short time, usually 16-20h long fasts.
|
| Some people do fasts that last for multiple days, usually 3-7
| days - this not I.F.
| cycomanic wrote:
| I have seen IF described as both in a day and in a week.
| Supposedly the effects are very similar as well.
| SavageBeast wrote:
| Presuming you read the linked study but more or less (and this
| is argument fuel among The Faithful here ), "time restricted
| eating" spoken of here is Intermittent Fasting. The
| "restriction" here is that not a single calorie of anything is
| consumed outside of an 8 hour window and the 16 remaining hours
| in the day are nothing but water. Some people even like to do a
| 18:6 split too.
|
| The hacks in this style of eating is that once you stop putting
| calories in your mouth, your insulin levels drop and that makes
| the fat cells in the body more willing to allow lipids into the
| bloodstream where the liver can make Ketones out of them -
| hence the term "ketosis" is often seen when reading about
| intermittent fasting.
|
| There are also small studies, I'd call them anecdotal yet still
| informative, that demonstrate a raise in GH in response to an
| IF style eating pattern. Leptin sensitivity/resistance is also
| positively impacted by this eating style.
|
| If you want to go down a rabbit hole and really geek all the
| way out on a topic, theres a lot out there to sort through,
| debunk and sort into useful information. I encourage you to
| give it a look.
|
| EDIT: For extra credit - it's natural to look at Fasted
| Training in the same context. The hack here is that when you
| train at near peak low insulin levels ( or near peak anyhow
| which takes about 14h of fasting ) your body will suffer in
| terms of absolute performance but if done correctly you can
| train burning mostly fat. Theres as much on this subject to
| sort through as the first one. A whole host of hormonal and
| health benefits are purported here and I can say from
| experience I believe most of them having seen it myself.
| cycomanic wrote:
| > EDIT: For extra credit - it's natural to look at Fasted
| Training in the same context. The hack here is that when you
| train at near peak low insulin levels ( or near peak anyhow
| which takes about 14h of fasting ) your body will suffer in
| terms of absolute performance but if done correctly you can
| train burning mostly fat. Theres as much on this subject to
| sort through as the first one. A whole host of hormonal and
| health benefits are purported here and I can say from
| experience I believe most of them having seen it myself.
|
| I've done quite a bit of fasted training, but can't say I
| have seen a huge effect myself. That said, I was very fit at
| the time, most studies have been done on untrained subjects
| AFAIK. There are also studies that show that base metabolic
| rate increases after fasted training, but for men only while
| it decreases for women, which would be counterproductive if
| they would want to loose weight.
|
| The main problem with most of the studies is that they have
| been done with very small study populations.
| arcturus17 wrote:
| > I've done quite a bit of fasted training, but can't say I
| have seen a huge effect myself
|
| I've tried it and haven't seen much of a difference in
| weight loss either. Also I have only been able to pull it
| off with cardio - any fasted training involving weight
| lifting has been a dreadful experience. I've completely
| abandoned the idea.
| enkid wrote:
| Intermittent Fasting can include fasting for longer periods,
| including days at a time.
| andy_ppp wrote:
| A mouse only lives 5 years so if we scale everything based on
| this to humans you'd have to be fasting for 16h * (80 years / 5
| years) = 256h or nearly 11 days. You could be damn sure doing
| this regularly your gene expression would change. Of course
| basing the scaling this way is completely ridiculous but no less
| ridiculous than inferring anything about humans from the original
| study.
| ford wrote:
| I see where you're coming from, but just because mice don't
| live as long as humans doesn't mean all biological processes
| happen 16x as fast. They don't defecate 16x as often as humans
| or sleep 16x per day.
|
| Do you think there is 0 signal about potential impacts on
| humans from testing on mice? How would you prefer research be
| done with a similar cost, ability to control variables, & level
| of ethics?
| andy_ppp wrote:
| I think the extrapolations you've made from my comments are
| fighting an argument I've not made and am not interested in
| having because I'm not a scientist working on these things.
| What I've tried to explain in my comment is that we do not
| know how the metabolism of a mouse doing 16:8 relates to a
| human being. No more and no less, we simply do not know how
| to do that mapping and trying to draw conclusions about
| humans from this specific study is fairly futile because of
| this (unless they are using some methodology I'm not aware
| of)!
| wpietri wrote:
| Your theory is that we don't know anything about the
| biological similarities and differences between humans and
| the animal most studied, one picked because it has a lot of
| biological similarities? That seems like quite a stretch.
|
| I mean yes, people should not just assume that it will be
| the same. But as with a lot of studies in mice, it can
| inform what we study further in humans.
| andy_ppp wrote:
| No, that is not my theory. How similar is 16:8 for mice
| and humans? That's all we are discussing here and all
| I've talked about! I've reread my comments and I really
| can't see where I start talking about all biological
| similarities or not. I'm talking specifically about 16:8
| fasting. Can you tell me how similar humans and mice are
| in this regard?
| wpietri wrote:
| Ok, so your theory is that even though we study mice
| because the are in many ways good proxies for humans,
| there's some special exception when it comes to fasting?
|
| Yes, we don't yet know precisely how similar humans and
| mice are in this regard, because studies in mice
| generally precede doing the matching study in humans. But
| that doesn't mean we should assume that there's
| absolutely no correlation.
|
| And yes, the more general biological similarities are
| relevant here because you claim "we simply do not know
| how to do that mapping", and that's not the case. We
| can't do a perfect mapping because mice aren't humans,
| but we can make a good start. We broadly know quite a bit
| about the relationship between mice and men and what
| sorts of correlations are more and less likely. E.g., if
| the study were about fitting through small holes, we'd
| know that the study wouldn't tell us much about humans.
| But we use mice because of "their anatomical,
| physiological, and genetic similarity to humans". [1]
|
| Does that mean people should take this as gospel about
| what happens in humans? No. But it gives us a lot of good
| questions and things to explore in humans.
|
| [1] https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3987984/
| [deleted]
| aquafox wrote:
| Actually C57 black 6 mice (the ones used in the study), only
| live 2.5 - 3 years.
| mariambarouma wrote:
| [dead]
| pammf wrote:
| I've been doing intermittent fasting for 2 years. Did a bunch of
| different protocols and eventually settled on ~18:6. Lost around
| 15kgs (from 105 to 90) and as a nice "side effect" got rid of all
| skin problems that I'd had during the previous 10 years or so.
| Today I don't preach it anymore cause I got tired of debating
| whether it was healthy or not but I definitely recommend to
| everyone that's truly interested in giving it a try.
| StefanWestfal wrote:
| I tried it for some time but felt cranky in the morning until I
| ate at lunch time. How was your experience regarding cravings,
| hunger and mood changes over time when starting your fasting?
| matwood wrote:
| I was a religious breakfast eater. Would often wake up
| because I was hungry. The first few weeks of IF was rough,
| but the hunger eventually passed. My energy levels also
| dipped, but then went way up. I try to do all my deep work
| and exercise before my first feeding of the day because of
| how sharp I feel.
|
| 3ish years in I feel great, and routinely get comments how
| 'in shape' I look. I also try to weight train every day and
| train BJJ a few times/week.
|
| Other things I've learned personally is if I eat poorly the
| night before (lots of sweets or something), I am more likely
| to feel a bit of hunger the next morning. Normally I don't
| really feel hungry though, and if I'm busy I can go right
| through lunch without noticing.
| gavinray wrote:
| Not the poster but the hunger lessens after the first few
| weeks as you adapt to it, or at least that's my experience
|
| I start to dread eating a bit now because I get tired/sleepy
| after I do. I want to eat because I'm hungry but mentally
| feel clearer if I don't.
| wpietri wrote:
| For what it's worth, I can happily do IF if I eat from 7a-1p,
| but I'm miserable if I do 12p-6p. I got super grouchy in the
| 10a-12p range and if anything that got worse over the month I
| tried it.
| pammf wrote:
| I only had cravings while doing the 36 hours fasting, which I
| don't do regularly anymore. It was usually during dinner time
| (rest of the family was having dinner normally) and what I
| tried to do was to distract myself with something else (work,
| book, movie, etc.). I never really had problems during other
| periods of the day.
|
| What I'd suggest is to experiment a bit, perhaps in your case
| skipping dinner is easier than skipping breakfast. Or try to
| start by simply not having snacks and gradually increase the
| intervals between meals.
| arcturus17 wrote:
| Not OP, but I've done ~16:8 intermetinent fasting (aka
| skipping breakfast) many times during my life, and have
| almost always experienced morning crankiness like you.
|
| At times I've felt the crankiness has been good; the
| increased aggression has led to some really productive
| mornings. The flip side of the coin is that it sometimes also
| leads to negative thoughts and feelings of pessimism until I
| eat.
|
| I prefer to have a more stable mood so what I'm doing as of
| late is drinking a protein shake with oat milk for breakfast
| and a high-quality multi-vitamin. The crankiness completely
| goes away and mental acuity is still high. It's still
| excellent for weight control since it's a ~200kcal breakfast
| that is digested very fast. Arguably better for recovery too
| since I practice sports every day. It's definitely not IF but
| it's been serving me well.
|
| I'm also experimenting with a ~24h fast once a week, from
| Sunday lunch to Monday lunch, but don't have enough
| experience to know what it's doing for me yet.
| piqi wrote:
| > ...got tired of debating whether it was healthy or not...
|
| I've had a similar experience. "unhealthy" seems to often be
| used in place of "not normal."
|
| I don't blame them. Advertising has been pushing "normal" food
| choices for 100+ years. Social gatherings are focused too much
| on eating. People are shamed for being "skin and bones."
|
| I've been doing it for more than 10 years. I never get hunger
| pangs. I don't feel the need to eat something before leaving
| the house, or stopping at a drive-thru while out. I'm able to
| make better food choices. It doesn't mean I starve myself, or
| abstain from eating lunch/dinner with friends. I get all
| necessary calories for whatever my goals are (ie fat loss,
| maintenance, or weight gain).
|
| Constant calorie intake from accessible food products designed
| to sit on store shelves for months should be considered not
| normal and unhealthy.
| birdyrooster wrote:
| I mean some people look unhealthfully slim like they would
| starve if there was too much snow or they couldn't leave
| their house for a protracted time.
| piqi wrote:
| Intermittent fasting has has nothing to do with being fat
| or skinny. My point about "skin and bones" is more about
| how normal it is to comment on someone that isn't
| overweight. I can't imagine people tolerating fat-shaming
| people in a friendly social context.
| torusenthusiast wrote:
| For posters who do time restricted eating, how do you deal with
| the panicked/dizzy feeling you often get when not eating for long
| periods. Does that eventually go away with IF, or do you just get
| used to it?
| lockyc wrote:
| Electrolytes.
|
| You probably need at least more sodium.
|
| https://old.reddit.com/r/fasting/wiki/fasting_in_a_nutshell/...
| exfatloss wrote:
| [dead]
| aquafox wrote:
| Computational biologist with >5 years experience in analyzing
| RNAseq data like the one in the paper: I find 80% of genes being
| differentially expressed very hard to believe. You usually see
| such strong effects only when there are other sources of
| variation not being controlled for (e.g. batch effects) or when
| inducing an unphysiological state (e.g. treating with a cytotoxic
| drug).
| 331c8c71 wrote:
| I think they are overselling... Not clear to me how they
| treated the multiple testing across 22 tissues - gene
| expression measurements across different tissues in a single
| mouse are clearly not independent from each other.
|
| > A total of 15,430 genes were DE in at least one tissue, but
| only 816 and 1,335 genes were differentially up- or
| downregulated, respectively, by TRF in >=5 tissues
| manmal wrote:
| Have you considered that 16h for a mouse might, from a
| metabolic POV, be comparable to 4+ days in humans? That'd be
| quite the intervention.
| sandermvanvliet wrote:
| * in mice
| elgazzar wrote:
| [dead]
| mrandish wrote:
| Notes:
|
| - In mice.
|
| - Tested 16:8 pattern.
|
| - Sustained consistently for nine weeks.
|
| - No exploration in this study of the effects and/or benefits
| from the gene expression.
|
| N=1 but I've been doing ~16:8-ish along with strict keto for the
| past five years and the net benefits for me have been
| transformative in fitness (Weight: -100+ lbs, BMI: Obese->Fit),
| long-term health (A1C, LDL/HDL, Trigs, BP, resting heart rate all
| from bad to great), cognitive acuity and emotional stability.
| First 12 weeks required serious effort/focus to transition
| habits, palette and metabolism (must RTFM and be rigorous) but
| after that it's been surprisingly easy to sustain long-term,
| requiring no will power or conscious effort.
|
| Other surprising experiential learnings: Dietary intake impacts
| long-term mental/emotional states FAR more than I ever suspected.
| Food & taste prefs I had since childhood are not innate. Many
| things I _loved_ no longer even taste good. Hunger pangs and
| cravings are driven by my blood sugar cycle. Once I stabilized
| that I no longer get hungry or feel food deprived /obsessed.
| (<--- all N=1 of course.)
| throwawaycities wrote:
| There are also studies showing both keto diets and fasting can
| alter the microbiome and attributed changes in gene expression
| to changes in the microbiome.
| mywacaday wrote:
| What RTFM do you recommend?
| tomcam wrote:
| Are you available for a consultation? My contact is in my
| profile and of course I'm happy to pay.
| sometimesno wrote:
| 16:8 is utterly unremarkable. A huge percent of people skip
| breakfast and then have dinner before 8pm. This is a normal,
| bog standard eating pattern.
| snozolli wrote:
| In my experience, it's exceptional in America. This may be
| due to constant indoctrination that "breakfast is the most
| important meal of the day". Also, modern food processing has
| put all sorts of late-night snacks at our fingertips.
| TedDoesntTalk wrote:
| Agreed. 16:8 is not normal in America in 2023. Most people
| pay absolutely no attention to when they eat - only what
| they eat.
| galangalalgol wrote:
| Given the amount of disagreement, I'd expect it is common
| enough but with some multimodal distribution tied to
| culture, geography or job type, so that the two modes
| don't notice each other. Happens with lots of stuff. My
| N=1 is that I probably know fewer people who skip
| breakfast (to include calories in coffee) than I do
| people who do 20:4 fasting. I like how I felt on 20:4 but
| it is easy to fall off of for social reasons, and womce I
| do, the blood sugar related cravings come back so I need
| a 48H water fast to get back into effortless 20:4.
| piqi wrote:
| Hard to imagine skipping breakfast, lunch, coffee/tea
| w/milk & cream, and all snacking during the day, everyday
| is normal outside America. Isn't burned bread with beans or
| butter for breakfast a thing in the UK?
|
| 16:8 means if your last calories are before 10PM, you
| wouldn't eat anything at all until after 2 PM. And this
| would be every day, not every other day.
|
| 12:12 might be more common, but not consistently.
| sometimesno wrote:
| Why are you being purposefully obtuse? Lunch at 12 and
| dinner at 8 and snacking in between sounds like a very
| normal day for lots of people who don't think they're
| doing a special diet.
| piqi wrote:
| > sounds like a very normal day for lots of people
|
| That's the issue with your statement. I didn't survey
| "lots of people" and neither did you. I can't find any
| data to back it up, but I do see a plenty of surveys
| about breakfast consumption.
|
| I find it very hard to believe people are restricting
| their calories within 8 hours everyday, naturally just
| based on the conversations I've had with people. Even in
| this thread people say they've tried it, and found it to
| be too difficult.
|
| It's simple: People enjoy eating. People eat when they're
| bored, because of habit, or socially. No reason to
| believe they abstain from those things 16 hours a day.
|
| It's not like all of that 16 hours is sleep. On average,
| more people are getting less than 7 hours of sleep.
|
| https://www.cdc.gov/sleep/data-and-statistics/adults.html
|
| Fasting is not an on/off switch, but too many calories
| (>10-20) in a short amount of time pushes you out of a
| fasted state. It's very likely people are snacking or
| drinking calories within those hours after waking, and
| before lunch.
|
| Also, some people will often over eat one day, and then
| under eat the next. This could help get through a 16 hour
| fast a few days every week. I think those times are
| usually over represented when self-reporting these
| habits.
| fbdab103 wrote:
| If you mean a full meal, sure. However, I suspect the
| majority of people enjoy some calories pretty early in the
| day. Sugary coffee/tea, cereal bar, bagels or other grab and
| go snacks.
| robertlagrant wrote:
| Two bagels is basically a full breakfast's worth of carbs
| already anyway.
| manmal wrote:
| To give another N=1, I don't feel good on a 16:8 split. At
| least not when the eating window starts at noon. Long term (18
| months) this zapped my energy and I lost a lot of muscle. Yes,
| weight loss was phenomenal, but I gained all of that back in
| the phase of exhaustion that followed.
|
| What has worked better for me was longer fasts, eg 48h, max
| once per week. And lately I've been experimenting with skipping
| late dinner (no food after 6PM) which is kinda hard but seems
| to work for improved sleep and digestive health. I usually have
| visible bags under my eyes, those tend to be greatly reduced
| when I eat an early or no dinner.
| [deleted]
| kayoone wrote:
| I had similar improvements without fasting and without keto. I
| do 16:8 on some days but it's mostly to help me manage my
| weight. I strongly believe most of the fasting benefits come
| from the fact that it makes managing weight easier. Calorie
| restriction and tracking my macros has helped me tremendously
| not only loosing weight but also understanding nutrition and
| what works for me and what doesn't. I am a 40 year old Software
| Engineer and fitter and stronger than I have ever been.
|
| I do quite a bit of high intensity cardio (cycling) + weight
| training and my recovery and peak performance suffered a lot
| when I tried keto for a few weeks, it also tanked my hormone
| levels. I still focus my carb intake on times around training
| but generally don't restrict.
| kbrisso wrote:
| You need to stay on it for months to become keto adapted. I
| would say 6 months minimum, after that the energy swings go
| away and you generally have a lot more energy. You can also
| add MCT oil. The problem with keto is eating enough calories.
| otoburb wrote:
| >> _You can also add MCT oil._
|
| If you use MCT oil it would be best to start _slowly_ and
| _not_ on an empty stomach because it can cause stomach
| aches otherwise.
| layer8 wrote:
| > it also tanked my hormone levels.
|
| How do you measure those?
| galangalalgol wrote:
| For me the benefits seem to be a lack of carb cravings, and
| my fullness indicator turned on for the first time in my
| life. That was with 20:4 though, and no keto.
| croossin wrote:
| Agreed. Another additional benefit in my opinion is that when
| restricting your feeding window, it's much easier to control
| cravings. When "free-eating", it's easy to just continue to
| snack.
| TedDoesntTalk wrote:
| How did you test your A1C?
| yonibot wrote:
| N=1 and also probably too many variables to learn from this -
| keto itself is already a massive lifestyle intervention. Did
| you restrict calories as well? Exercise?
| TedDoesntTalk wrote:
| most everyone sees body changes when using time-restricted
| eating WITHOUT any dietary changes. There's no need to go
| keto like OP to see results.
| mrandish wrote:
| I started IF only after I had been doing keto for about six
| weeks. At that point it was frankly easy because I wasn't
| getting hungry or having cravings anymore. I can't tease out
| how much IF contributed but I'd already lost a remarkable
| amount of weight on just keto. In general, I'd recommend only
| making one significant change at a time.
|
| Calorie tracking and restriction pretty much comes with
| strict keto. Transitioning to keto rigorously requires
| detailed tracking of every molecule that goes in your mouth
| (with a food scale and measuring cups), at least for the
| first 12 weeks. I tracked constantly for about 6 mos until it
| was automatic for me and I knew every food and portion I
| typically encounter at a glance. It's hard at first but only
| tracking part way is the #1 reason for failing to get
| results.
|
| I didn't do any exercise at all while losing weight, in fact
| while changing diet I was more sedentary than my usual slug-
| like activity level due to work and life factors. For me,
| exercise has always been hard, unpleasant and inevitably
| makes me hungrier. N=1 but that's what worked best for me and
| my weight loss was dramatic and super fast (>100 lbs in 8
| mos).
| exfatloss wrote:
| [dead]
| kaitai wrote:
| What's interesting to me is that there is strong support from
| data that skipping breakfast causes many people to eat more
| later, in particular eating more carbs/sugar/snack foods. I
| have to wonder to what extent a planned 16:8 window where
| you're conscious about having a good "break-fast" meal is
| different than simply running out of the house without a meal
| plan in place. It is very clear from the data that simply "not
| eating breakfast" does not lead to better outcomes.
|
| I also find it interesting that the gender of the mice was not
| specified. If we're talking about hormonal profile changes,
| this will matter. When intermittent fasting was very popular, a
| number of women in "the scene" with a vested interest in making
| IF work noted that while initially it was great, they
| eventually started experiencing adverse effects, and often felt
| better on a 14:10 window instead.
|
| Agree with you on the last paragraph re: your experiences. I've
| needed to substantially change what I eat due to some health
| challenges, and blood sugar is huge. Protein in the morning
| (rather than something like oatmeal) is key for me. A dozen
| eggs a week and my hereditarily-high cholesterol went down,
| too. Sorry oatmeal folks!
| esperent wrote:
| > there is strong support from data that skipping breakfast
| causes many people to eat more later, in particular eating
| more carbs/sugar/snack foods.
|
| There's a big difference between skipping breakfast one time
| and habitually skipping breakfast. The body adapts. You no
| longer feel hungry in the mornings and you develop new eating
| patterns - since most people doing IF are focused on health,
| these are likely to be healthy eating patterns that don't
| include lots of sugary snacks. Apparently this adaptation
| takes the form of the liver learning not to expect breakfast
| after waking and producing glucose at that time, although I
| have not personally checked the research on this.
|
| I've been doing IF 16:8 for about a year now. I rarely eat
| processed sugar (except a good croissant a few times a week).
| Even some fruits like ripe mango taste too sweet to me now.
|
| From personal experience and discussing this with other
| people, if your fear is that you'll end up getting so hungry
| that you'll stuff your face with junk, it's not a valid fear
| beyond the first week. To avoid this I would suggest easing
| into it. Eat breakfast an hour later for a few days, then two
| hours later, and finally combine it with lunch.
| karim79 wrote:
| Out of curiosity, and if you don't mind me asking, what is your
| daily carb intake while doing keto?
| Beaver117 wrote:
| Also N=1, I did 16:8ish for a year and had no signficant
| change.
|
| It wasn't until I changed the type of food I was eating and
| tracking calories that I lost weight. But I still do 16:8 often
| because its a habit now.
| hellosputnik wrote:
| Is your 16:8 restricted to a full meal or did you consume or
| drink anything outside of the 16:8? After-work drinks? Coffee?
| TedDoesntTalk wrote:
| black coffee and plain tea are acceptable according to
| everything I've read, probably because they are close to 0
| calories and certainly not nutritional calories if >0. So I
| drink them. Unfortunately there's no way to know if you're
| still in a fasted state after that coffee. You can test blood
| sugar with a pinprick and that is a marker, but not a
| guarantee.
|
| To summarize: absolute safest is water only.
| karaterobot wrote:
| > One group was given free access to the food. The other group
| was restricted to eating within a feeding window of nine hours
| each day.
|
| Small correction: 15:9 pattern, if this writeup is correct.
| cush wrote:
| There's an excellent Huberman Lab episode that covers various
| studies on time restricted eating for both mice and humans.
| There's a high focus on cognitive, health, and sleep benefits in
| humans.
|
| https://hubermanlab.com/effects-of-fasting-and-time-restrict...
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