[HN Gopher] Discovery of 3M-year-old stone tools sparks prehisto...
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       Discovery of 3M-year-old stone tools sparks prehistoric whodunnit
        
       Author : pseudolus
       Score  : 49 points
       Date   : 2023-02-10 00:46 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theguardian.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theguardian.com)
        
       | TEP_Kim_Il_Sung wrote:
       | I have it on scientific authority, that the materials of that
       | tool are actually 3.8 Billion (with a "B") years old.
        
       | duxup wrote:
       | Reminds me of the Silurian Hypothesis that raises the question if
       | we would ever find evidence if there was an industrial
       | civilization millions of years before us.
       | 
       | I imagine it would be extremely difficult to know or even detect
       | any non industrial civilization with much confidence that long
       | ago.
       | 
       | https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silurian_hypothesis
        
         | LarryMullins wrote:
         | Glass and pottery fragments both last "forever" if they're left
         | someplace relatively dry, or get buried, or otherwise protected
         | from physical and chemical weathering. A glass bottle thrown
         | away on the beach will be eroded to nothing in mere years to
         | decades, but a glass bottle thrown aside and buried by some
         | soil can stay there for millions of years easily. Stone
         | artifacts are similarly robust. These relatively permanent
         | traces get left behind long before a civilization gets
         | "industrial". Pottery and glass predate our own industrial
         | revolution by thousands of years.
         | 
         | For such a civilization to develop and go unnoticed to
         | historians, their influence must have been very small, they
         | must have been geographically limited. For instance maybe they
         | lived in low-lands and rising sea levels erased all trace, but
         | this would still require that their artifacts rarely if ever
         | got carried up hills where they might have been untouched by
         | the rising oceans. It seems deeply implausible.
         | 
         | Certainly there was nothing even remotely like our civilization
         | in the past. There are glass beer bottles laying around on
         | virtually every corner of the planet, on mountain tops, in
         | caves, in landfills. Just everywhere really. It will take
         | longer than a mere few million years to erase all these.
        
           | gibspaulding wrote:
           | It sort of makes me happy to think that millions of years
           | after civilization is consumed by fire and humanity goes
           | extinct, all that will be left is the beer bottles.
        
             | tremon wrote:
             | Maybe all those gemstones we find in the mountains are
             | what's left of the previous iteration's beer bottles after
             | they went through the tectonic conveyor belt.
        
         | BurningFrog wrote:
         | I think the experience of "invasive species" from the last few
         | centuries prove that there were no civilization that made
         | regular trips between the continents for a few dozen million
         | years.
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | Or they were better at keeping them separate than us.
        
             | [deleted]
        
         | tqkxzugoaupvwqr wrote:
         | Wouldn't they have used up most of the energy dense liquid that
         | we currently pump out of the ground? At least in some part of
         | their civilization's lifespan? That we still had superficial
         | oil fields suggests to me no one extracted oil because no
         | industrial civilization existed before us on this planet.
        
           | Kamq wrote:
           | Or that society formed long enough ago that oil has had a
           | chance to form. The OP did say millions of years ago, which
           | would be needed for this.
           | 
           | We could put a bound on this. ~90% of oil deposits come from
           | the Mesozoic or later. So the latest we could see a society
           | show up, use up the easily accessible oil/other fossil fuels,
           | collapse (presumably from energy crisis), and still have the
           | fossil fuels we see today would be the late Paleozoic or
           | possibly the early Mesozoic before it's fossil fuels have
           | formed (~250 million years ago).
        
             | VLM wrote:
             | I follow the energy field for mostly financial reasons and
             | its a strange but true story that the first time oil was
             | ever radio dated was by a Canadian team just a few years
             | ago and they were surprised to discover the Alberta oil
             | sands are more like a hundred million years old rather than
             | the previous estimate of fifty mil or so.
             | 
             | People have known about radio dating using different
             | isotopes and it always shocked me that the first time
             | someone radiodated crude oil was in the mid 00s just 15 or
             | so years ago. I don't remember the technology the Canadians
             | used it wasn't C14 as that tops out around 100K or so
             | years.
             | 
             | The more you learn the more you find stuff everyone thinks
             | they know, but they don't actually know it, or we just
             | figured it out shockingly recently. Like we've been pumping
             | oil how long, and doing radiodating how long, but nobody
             | never put two and two together until just 15 years ago?
             | That's just wild. You'd assume every field has a birthdate
             | but reality is nobody knows for sure. Except that one field
             | in Alberta as of 15 years ago. Maybe more data available
             | now, donno.
             | 
             | Its just funny that journalist types will cite each other
             | as if they're primary sources for decades until a number
             | like "a quarter billion yrs" is culturally engrained into
             | our civilization, then someone does some actual real world
             | test tube work ONE time in ONE place and get different
             | results.
             | 
             | For a multi trillion dollar business, its not as completely
             | scientifically researched as people would assume. If it
             | doesn't result in more flow at the pump, it doesn't get
             | researched, mostly.
        
               | MichaelZuo wrote:
               | 100 million years ago is in the Jurassic period, that's a
               | pretty normal estimate for hydrocarbons?
        
           | edgyquant wrote:
           | This assumes they follow the exact same path as us instead of
           | achieving renewable energy first.
        
             | dogma1138 wrote:
             | Pretty trivial assumption to make, just like it is easy to
             | assume that whilst sea based creatures might be intelligent
             | you won't have a technological society developing under
             | water.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | No it isn't trivial to make nor are we discussing
               | underwater creatures.
        
               | dogma1138 wrote:
               | Ofc it's trivial to make, renewable sources are far more
               | complicated than simple chemistry, wood, charcoal, coal
               | and eventually petroleum require far fewer technological
               | leaps than renewables.
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | Here is the true story how it happened:
           | 
           | the Silourians first depleted fossil fuels in the first
           | hundred years of their energy technology journey
           | 
           | they subsequently realized the folly of this after they
           | pretty much made the planet uninhabitable for them
           | 
           | they injected back into the ground biologically produced
           | synthetic substitutes using organically captured solar energy
           | 
           | this large scale carbon-capture project, being entirely
           | organic and sustainable has left no trace
        
             | piloto_ciego wrote:
             | I am only joking a little bit here, but we only use the
             | idea that "oil is the most reasonable energy source for
             | civilization" because it's how we bootstrapped our
             | civilization.
             | 
             | Suppose there were some extremely stable and energetic
             | combination of elements that was really easy to burn etc.
             | we'd use it, but it's extremely rare on earth. What if that
             | is the result of the Silurians burning it all up 300m years
             | ago or whatever - it's rare because it's been depleted
             | already, leaving only the worthless and difficult to
             | extract fossil fuels that we were forced to use.
             | 
             | This sort of discussion isn't disimilar to SETI stuff - we
             | look for water rich planets in the habitable zone because
             | that's what we grew up on - in reality we could be abnormal
             | or rare-ish and has giant life or stuff living on Venus
             | analogues could be the norm. We're trying to make
             | assertions from a point of informed ignorance - which is
             | still ignorant.
        
               | college_physics wrote:
               | I suspect (but don't quote me on this) that in the very
               | big scheme of things our little fossil fuel addiction is
               | just a fluke. Stars are such an endless source of high
               | quality energy that the vast majority of "advanced"
               | organizational forms ("life") surely figure out how to
               | tap it rather quickly.
        
             | andrewflnr wrote:
             | And then they picked up every last glass bottle they made
             | and threw them into a subduction trench.
        
           | VLM wrote:
           | I used to invest pretty heavily in the energy sector in
           | general and I learned a lot of the science along the way and
           | I really have no idea what fraction of the earth's surface
           | has been geologically surveyed.
           | 
           | I would imagine if someone wanted to seriously pursue the
           | theory (if they'd be permitted to do so, probably not) the
           | way I'd do it is find "disappointing fields" and look for
           | peculiar correlations between them WRT odd permeability test
           | results. So is that field disappointing because its
           | permeability is really low (frac it!) or is it disappointing
           | because all the geology points to a good salt dome and the
           | permeability is great but there's nothing there? The old
           | fashioned way to explain fields that look good but don't
           | produce is the permeability is so high it all leaked out
           | millennia ago (among other explanations boiling down to "we
           | don't know").
           | 
           | I would think you'd find weirder evidence of tailings piles
           | around solid mines and a lack of open pit mines. That would
           | be easier to find than an oil well. Also I expect there would
           | be really weird patterns in sediment related to mercury and
           | similar waste products. "They" never did leaded gas if
           | there's no lead layer in the sediment, etc.
           | 
           | Some of it is sophistry. No civilization beyond monkey tribes
           | could possibly exist 3M years ago because there would be
           | nuclear reactors and space ships laying around everywhere, as
           | though there's no intermediate step between monkey tribes and
           | nuclear reactors. Well, what if they never advanced beyond
           | (fill in the blank with some group that's not very advanced
           | in 2023)? Still centuries beyond a tribe of monkeys, yet
           | culturally interesting none the less. We could detect the
           | industrial revolution from England if it happened in Italy
           | 2000 years previous. But... could we detect the Roman Empire
           | if it happened before in Australia in 4000 BC? or 3M BC? I
           | don't know about that, kind of an open question. If the Roman
           | Empire or similar happened in the USA upper midwest before
           | the mile tall ice sheets scrubbed everything, could we tell
           | today? My educated guess is "no" we could not. It would still
           | be culturally interesting even if no nuclear reactors and
           | space ships were built here 50K years ago. I think it quite
           | likely that bioidentical humans were up to all kinds of
           | nonsense in prehistory that we've never discovered or never
           | could discover. They were as smart as us, and healthier than
           | us, until agriculture was invented.
        
             | lifeisstillgood wrote:
             | On that last point I have assumed that agriculture was a
             | necessary precursor to any major technological develolment
             | - ie you cannot build a forge and metal working tools if
             | you need to pack them up and follow the herd every few
             | months.
        
               | VLM wrote:
               | Or fish
        
               | lifeisstillgood wrote:
               | As in humans lived in permanent settlements by sea shore
               | / lake shore and so would have been able to develop
               | technology by the seaside?
               | 
               | Or we followed shoals of fish like herds? Avatar like?
               | :-)
        
           | Eisenstein wrote:
           | People tend to forget that development of industry first
           | requires access to a lot of cheap, easy-to-access energy.
        
           | graphe wrote:
           | > They argue as early as the Carboniferous era (~350 million
           | years ago) "there has been sufficient fossil carbon to fuel
           | an industrial civilization comparable with our own".
        
             | adastra22 wrote:
             | Yes, but the point is those fossil fuels remained in the
             | ground. They weren't used up by the hypothetical
             | technological civilization.
        
       | college_physics wrote:
       | I thought 3M was founded circa 1902 but maybe there was a
       | Silourian version of that company making stone tools
        
         | thunky wrote:
         | You misread the title. The tools 3M made are year-old.
        
           | college_physics wrote:
           | I assumed that "year-old" meant in terms of tool age (usage),
           | otherwise the sentence did not make sense.
        
       | wankle wrote:
       | If human ancestors created those 3 million years ago, it doesn't
       | look like they made much progress in tool making in 3 million
       | years minus 10,000 years: https://www.seattletimes.com/seattle-
       | news/science/10000-year...
        
         | BuyMyBitcoins wrote:
         | During my time in college I managed to sit in on a group of
         | archaeology students making Oldowan stone tools in the
         | university quadrangle. I had no idea how much knowledge and
         | skill it takes to make these seemingly simple tools. It is not
         | just banging rocks together, it requires finesse.
         | 
         | I felt a sense of awe when I realized just how much trial and
         | error must have went into learning how to make such tools. With
         | how many cuts and bruises we inflicted on ourselves, I came to
         | view the technology as something invaluable and precious. We
         | had the benefit of washing our hands, who knows just how many
         | of our pioneering ancestors had gotten an infection and died
         | while trying to make a better cutting tool - or lost an eye
         | from a rock chip? And these folks may well have been "the crazy
         | ones" or the more intelligent members of the tribe.
         | 
         | I could easily see how countless generations would wind up
         | making the same tools with the same process. If you asked me
         | how to make more 'advanced' hand axes I'd struggle to come up
         | with something better.
        
         | graphe wrote:
         | Ever seen a wheel, ball, bowl or spoon? Why haven't we
         | reinvented those instead of using those ancient useless tools?
        
           | yorwba wrote:
           | All of those have been reinvented in the past century or so,
           | mostly in terms of materials and manufacturing processes.
           | Humanity went from bronze spoons to stainless steel spoons in
           | a shorter time than from those stone tools to these stone
           | tools.
        
             | graphe wrote:
             | Cast iron skillets haven't changed, wood spoons still
             | exist, bronze and steel utensils differences are not
             | innovative or better, they're just cheaper to manufacture.
             | 
             | You're right about the wheel though, I saw a facinating
             | video on the properties of the new martian rover's wheels.
        
       | TMWNN wrote:
       | Yet more evidence that we cannot be so sure that there were no
       | civilizations before our own.
       | <https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lASPp9stEYA>
        
         | dogma1138 wrote:
         | You'll need to define civilization first, if you are talking
         | about a global industrial civilization then the likelihood of
         | that is about zero especially in the time frame of 1-5m years.
        
       | turbokatsu20 wrote:
       | Somebody out there has assembled a massive list of all findings
       | like this that upset the prevailing paradigm, I hope I get to see
       | their work one day.
       | 
       | Until then we'll just have to hear about outlier findings drip by
       | drip so as not to upset established lore for the materialist
       | West.
        
       | easytiger wrote:
       | how have they ascertained the dates?
        
         | vlz wrote:
         | "radioisotope analysis and a variety of other techniques" the
         | article says.
        
       | tough wrote:
       | Why would every mainstream religion we still have some knowledge
       | of on earth be based on the same basic stories retold.
       | 
       | What if the gods are just that advanced civilisation, who built
       | humanity and then left, millions of years ago. and somehow our
       | global consciousness has been able to recall our origins still to
       | these days.
       | 
       | Maybe everyone just makes same kinda stuff up to justify
       | existance, I dunno. Seems weird cultures can vary so much on
       | everything, and yet religion and spirituality have so much
       | commonalities on the foundations
        
         | hutzlibu wrote:
         | "yet religion and spirituality have so much commonalities on
         | the foundations"
         | 
         | My explanation would be, that religion was mostly used as a
         | political power tool and power logic is the same and universal.
         | If people believe, they are low and the emperor is a god - they
         | won't rebell so easily.
         | 
         | But apart from that, they are very different, so of what
         | foundations are you talking about, exactly?
        
           | ThalesX wrote:
           | It seems to me that religion, or spirituality if I may call
           | it that, predates emperors. If you are truly talking about
           | organized religion, then perhaps I might be more generous in
           | agreeing with you. But when I think religion I think of small
           | tribes bringing about paranormal explanations for mundane
           | phenomenons and for their own existence.
        
         | dogma1138 wrote:
         | This is just ancient aliens with extra steps.
        
           | tough wrote:
           | Right.
        
         | glass3 wrote:
         | Which religions do you have in mind and what are those same
         | stories?
        
           | graphe wrote:
           | I can think of the simple structure he's talking about, it's
           | best documented in Zoroastrianism aka the struggle between
           | good and evil. The conquerors were good and the defeated
           | savages were evil, and the conquerors often faced
           | unsurmountable odds. Origin stories of civilization and
           | religion follow this structure quite often.
        
             | Eisenstein wrote:
             | You named one religion and no civilizations and no stories.
        
               | graphe wrote:
               | Alexander the great, china, Rome, all abrahamic
               | religions.
        
         | Telemakhos wrote:
         | > Why would every mainstream religion we still have some
         | knowledge of on earth be based on the same basic stories
         | retold.
         | 
         | Most of the world was explored by Christian missionaries like
         | Jesuits, who also educated the informants who in turn told them
         | about foreign cultures. You'd be surprised how many Noah's-ark-
         | like myths the informants told the Jesuits only after the
         | Jesuits told them about Noah's ark. Or, to use another example,
         | a number of books on Greek myth and tragedy retell an Inca
         | story about the emperor opening a box and unleashing smallpox
         | on the Incas, as an independent parallel to the story of
         | Pandora's jar: but the source of the Inca smallpox story was
         | himself a Jesuit-educated native informant who had learned the
         | story of Pandora from the Jesuits before inventing the story of
         | the Inca emperor. The contact between two cultures is a two-way
         | street: the informants who report stories may contaminate them
         | with the stories learned from those they are informing.
        
           | 9dev wrote:
           | Still, Noah's ark being a collective memory of the journey
           | from another star to earth sounds like a great science
           | fiction story!
        
         | krono wrote:
         | They share the same root, and have simply been adapted to allow
         | for more effective exploitation in specific events or regions.
         | 
         | Difficult merchant guilds want a special god of their own?
         | Invent the concept of saints and name a celebrated dead guild
         | member the saint of commerce and prosperity.
         | 
         | Backwards locals won't stop celebrating their fake goddess
         | Eostre? Create fake story about "Easter" to push instead.
        
         | officialjunk wrote:
         | one possibility is that these religions literally originated
         | from the same story. it doesn't necessitate that the story is
         | true to have translations of a story in many places.
        
         | graphe wrote:
         | If by mainstream you mean abrahamic they all originated in the
         | same spot. Not weird that they all find the same sites holy?
        
           | krapp wrote:
           | Also https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proto-Indo-
           | European_mythology
        
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