[HN Gopher] My fifth year as a bootstrapped founder
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       My fifth year as a bootstrapped founder
        
       Author : mtlynch
       Score  : 264 points
       Date   : 2023-02-10 14:34 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (mtlynch.io)
 (TXT) w3m dump (mtlynch.io)
        
       | varispeed wrote:
       | > FCC/CE compliant
       | 
       | How did you go about that? All I know is that start ups just
       | self-certify, based on the fact that components they use are
       | already certified and "it's going to be okay" attitude. Some
       | start ups do some basic in-house checks (some that have more
       | funding can go for pre-compliance tests), but never heard of any
       | small business actually commissioning full compliance tests.
       | Something like this probably would require selling both kidneys
       | and a house and made the whole business unprofitable - also
       | considering the fact that sellers in China if they copy a
       | product, don't need to do any compliance checks (in practice,
       | because nobody cares).
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | I work with a US-based compliance testing lab. It was $7k to do
         | both FCC and CE testing. I'll share the name over email if
         | you'd like.
         | 
         | I also talked to UL, who's like the gold standard for
         | compliance testing, but they were pretty hard to deal with and
         | wanted something in the $20-30k range.
        
       | botswana99 wrote:
       | Long term technology bootstrapping founder here. Paying yourself
       | is very important. You may need to work for free for a while but
       | when you get your first paying customer pay yourself a little
       | salary. And when you get a second customer, pay yourself some
       | more. Try to get a near market salary before you hire your first
       | employee. Corporate and your own founder/personal longevity is
       | the path to success.
        
         | duxup wrote:
         | I imagine the issue is just psychology,there's always a reason
         | not to, another place to put that money that might help make
         | more money. But then, you're never paid.
        
         | jbenjoseph wrote:
         | Also the taxman in most jurisdictions gives you a tax amnesty
         | for some yearly income per year that you are essentially
         | throwing away with a $0 income.
        
         | holdenk wrote:
         | Only the flipside, QSBS shares have some great tax advantages
         | if you think you might have a traditional "exit" at some point.
        
         | indymike wrote:
         | There's an old rule in small business: "Pay yourself first." It
         | means, make sure you allocate money to pay yourself before
         | paying everything else. Once you are used to it, it makes it a
         | lot easier to get to something that seems like market rate.
        
           | skeeter2020 wrote:
           | This "rule" falls down pretty quick IME. It's more like Taxes
           | > Employees > Suppliers > Yourself.
        
             | dceddia wrote:
             | I've always thought of this rule (and the similar Profit
             | First strategy, which I personally follow) as more of a
             | guiding principle.
             | 
             | When taxes, salaries, and expenses come due, those need to
             | be a priority, so before any money flows in or out, have a
             | plan for how to set your own salary at X% while also
             | meeting those commitments.
        
       | enos_feedler wrote:
       | thank goodness for those credit card rewards
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Haha, thanks. In my first few years, they were my main source
         | of revenue.
        
       | ahstilde wrote:
       | Why aren't you asking for help? If this is like a public investor
       | update, you should explicitly call out where your network could
       | help you.
       | 
       | "Our number one problem is finding a reliable partner in China.
       | If you have over 5 years experience creating products like this,
       | contact me at XYZ, I would love to hear your advice."
        
       | mtlynch wrote:
       | Author here!
       | 
       | Happy to take any feedback or answer questions about this post.
        
         | technotony wrote:
         | How have you thought about pricing? I would have thought a
         | small increase in price would make a big difference to your
         | bottom line given the difference between your revenues and
         | profits.
        
         | blantonl wrote:
         | Are you doing any work to position your product and service to
         | be acquired?
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Yeah, I think taking myself out of the critical path and
           | making the business more location-independent will make it
           | more attractive to a buyer if I decide to sell.
        
         | testmasterflex wrote:
         | Great post as always Michael!
         | 
         | Did you move away from Raspberry now or what does the EE guys
         | do?
         | 
         | I don't have personal experience of outsourcing assembly yet
         | but make sure quality control is flawless before letting that
         | go. I would and will personally fly down to China to set that
         | up. Will be following to see how that process goes.
         | 
         | All the best.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | Nope, we're still on Raspberry Pi. It's difficult to move to
           | other hardware because it would mean managing a lot more of
           | the OS stack ourselves, and then we'd still have thousands of
           | users still on Raspberry Pi.
           | 
           | I'd like to move to the Pi CM4 because we'd reduce costs and
           | get a lot more control over the hardware, but it's a big up
           | front cost to start over from scratch on a new board.
        
             | testmasterflex wrote:
             | Sounds like the smartest next step!
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | Thank you for publicly sharing and documenting so much
         | information about this epic quest you're on (I'm sure it's a
         | solid PR move, too :).
         | 
         | I wish you all the best and respect your decision to eschew a
         | comparatively cushy and predictable job to take up this risky
         | and challenging endeavor filled with never ending thankless
         | tasks.
         | 
         | Godspeed.
         | 
         | Edit: Sorry to hear it isn't a big boon on the marketing front.
         | All I can say is I recall seeing TinyPilot at least once
         | before, but now it's much more on my radar. If it could do
         | remote power switching I'd be very keen to keep it in my server
         | rack as the sole point of remote administration (sorry, I'm
         | sure you get dumb feature requests and this is probably just
         | another one.. but I couldn't resist).
        
           | ganoushoreilly wrote:
           | Remote power switching is what has held me back. Even if it
           | was an additional cost / _addon_ I 'd definitely look at
           | picking up a dozen or so. Still I've been following for a
           | while and hope to see some cool improvements over time.
           | 
           | EDIT: Actually being a raspberry pi, It might not be hard to
           | build in that feature. I might just grab one today and see.
        
             | mtlynch wrote:
             | Yeah, remote power switching is definitely doable. It would
             | either be wiring directly into the motherboard's or
             | controlling an external power switch. The challenge is
             | making it user-friendly, supporting it, meeting compliance
             | requirements, etc.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | > _Thank you for publicly sharing and documenting so much
           | information about this epic quest you 're on (I'm sure it's a
           | solid PR move, too :)._
           | 
           | Honestly, I don't see much of an impact on sales when my blog
           | posts reach the front page of HN. I'm sure that it helps
           | some, but nothing dramatic.
           | 
           | In terms of ROI, there's much better payoff in writing
           | content aimed at the smaller niche of homelab users and IT
           | folks.
           | 
           | I mostly write these out of vanity because I think it's fun
           | getting feedback on the process. So, thanks for reading!
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | kevmo314 wrote:
         | Thanks for sharing your experience Michael! I found out about
         | TinyPilot a while back ago. I made a similar device for a
         | completely different industry and learned that TinyPilot has
         | nearly the same architecture but a completely different use
         | case. Unfortunately, we weren't able to turn a profit with that
         | device either. It seems streaming video is a tough market to
         | crack :(
         | 
         | Our manufacturer in China is a startup as well if you are
         | looking for a connection. He works hard and can give you a good
         | price at smaller scales. I'll send you an email as well but in
         | case anyone else is interested, kevmo314@gmail.com.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Cool, thank you!
        
         | pyrrhotech wrote:
         | Congrats on your amazing success! 0 to 850k revenue with a
         | hardware product in three years is almost unbelievably amazing.
         | I'm totally ignorant about hardware dev. How does one even go
         | about designing and manufacturing a hardware product like
         | TinyPilot? Do you design in some sort of CAD software and then
         | partner with some sort of factory?
        
         | dQw4w9WgXcQ wrote:
         | About page feedback:
         | 
         | 1. If you're going to have a headshot, get yourself a
         | professional headshot on the About page. You squinting into the
         | sun in a selfie is nice for a Twitter profile, but you're
         | trying to present a real company w/ a real product here, right?
         | 
         | 2. It's clear this story is really tied into your identity
         | right now, but nobody cares about this part on a page about
         | TinyPilot:
         | 
         | >> I'm a software developer and worked most of my career at
         | Microsoft and Google, but I quit in 2018 to found a company of
         | my own.
         | 
         | I like the focus on your frustrations and how you solved that.
         | The quitting part people could take negatively ("is this guy a
         | quitter? will I receive product support if I buy this?").
         | 
         | Everything else looks pretty solid for a SaaS homepage.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading and for the constructive feedback!
           | 
           | Yeah, the About page is something I haven't touched much
           | since I first launched the site, and I agree that it feels
           | not quite consistent with the tone of the site or where the
           | company is at this point.
        
         | juanse wrote:
         | Amazing post Michael! I have been following your story for
         | years.
         | 
         | I have also a similar project backing, but not as technical as
         | yours. I use also Raspberries for Smart Kiosks that are set to
         | be in restaurants and increase the demand of the most
         | convenient dishes at a time with great photography.
         | 
         | I see that you think now of Debian packages as an optimal way
         | for installations in your project.
         | 
         | What would you say it is the best way yo keep a Raspberry
         | system "auto-updated"?
         | 
         | PD: My skills are way lower than yours. I use mostly Ruby
         | scripts (SystemD) to contact a backend in Rails.
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | Thanks for reading!
           | 
           | > _What would you say it is the best way yo keep a Raspberry
           | system "auto-updated"?_
           | 
           | I think Debian packages are better than what I was doing, but
           | if I were starting from scratch, I'd try to use Yocto[0] or
           | NixOS[1].
           | 
           | Take this with a grain of salt, because this is secondhand
           | from another founder who had good experience with Yocto, but
           | from what she told me it's optimized for the case of pushing
           | out updates to embedded devices. One of the pitfalls of
           | Raspberry Pis is that the microSDs are vulnerable to
           | filesystem corruption, which can leave the device unbootable.
           | I believe Yocto protects against that where there are always
           | two bootable partitions, so you failover to the other
           | partition and can recover.
           | 
           | [0] https://www.yoctoproject.org/
           | 
           | [1] https://nixos.org/
        
         | moneywoes wrote:
         | Have you considered retail Or other distribution channels?
         | 
         | Do you have a SO, if so what do they think about this
         | experiment
        
           | mtlynch wrote:
           | _Have you considered retail Or other distribution channels?_
           | 
           | I've reached out to a couple of resellers, but they weren't
           | interested, though I didn't pursue it very heavily. With
           | supply shortages, I can only produce ~200 devices/month, and
           | I can sell that volume on my own, so the resellers wouldn't
           | help much. Maybe next year when the supply is less
           | constrained.
           | 
           |  _Do you have a SO, if so what do they think about this
           | experiment_
           | 
           | Yep, she helped edit this post! We met when I was a year into
           | bootstrapping, so she kind of knew what she was getting into,
           | and she's been supportive. She worked on the business for the
           | first year when we were quarantined for COVID and doing
           | everything from our house.
        
       | avinassh wrote:
       | small nit: 100k+ docker pulls does not mean 100k installs, it
       | could be running in some CI/CD pipeline.
       | 
       | otherwise a great post!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | It's not 100k _users_ , but those are installs, even if it's in
         | a CI/CD pipeline.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | blobbers wrote:
       | Great post! Thanks for sharing - very inspiring info on life as a
       | founder.
       | 
       | It seems like he picked a specific solvable 'small' problem and
       | has built a solution. Great idea!
        
       | 71a54xd wrote:
       | The fact that you didn't comment on this yourself shilling
       | TinyPilot is another glaring indicator that running a business
       | might not be something you're cut out for. I can't manage to get
       | a job at Google though so obviously we all have something we're
       | really good at.
       | 
       | Posting here is FREE advertising, (I OWN a TinyPilot) why not
       | include "building TinyPilot" or something "Raspi KVM" in the
       | title? This is the lowest hanging fruit.
        
       | cdiamand wrote:
       | I remember chatting with you about your recipe app at the
       | IndieHackers meet up in NYC. Man, what a journey from there to
       | here!
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Hey Cory! Good to hear from you! I miss those early meetups.
         | That was a great group. Thanks for reading!
        
       | schizo89 wrote:
       | What's the next step for a solo founder after an exit? An open
       | source Dev?
        
       | tashoecraft wrote:
       | It's awesome to have been able to follow this journey from the
       | beginning. Reading your blog posts, to your announcement, to your
       | yearly posts. Keep up the great work.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading and for sticking with it!
        
       | yafetn wrote:
       | One of the updates I was looking forward to, and congrats on the
       | $800k revenue!                  This year, I hope to transition
       | assembly to China, where all of our parts originate.
       | 
       | I'd have thought people were doing the opposite nowadays --
       | bringing assembly stateside.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | I'd love to work with US vendors because that would solve a lot
         | of problems, but I tried twice in 2022, and it went
         | disastrously both times.
         | 
         | I tried working with a US vendor on assembling PCBs, and the
         | soldering was incredibly sloppy. They repaired it for free, but
         | it was a month delay when we didn't have a lot of time to
         | spare. I gave them another chance and the next batch they did
         | had a defect rate of 30% whereas our Chinese vendor's rate is
         | <1%, so I bailed on them at that point.
         | 
         | I also tried working with US-based sheet metal vendors on
         | making enclosures for my product, and it cost 6x as much as the
         | Chinese competitors for drastically poorer quality.[0]
         | 
         | [0] https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/2022/11/#with-metal-
         | cases-...
        
           | wpietri wrote:
           | I hear a lot of stories like this and I boggle. Back in the
           | 1970s, American car makers took it on the chin because their
           | quality was so much lower than Japanese imports. And it's not
           | like the Japanese approach was a secret; Toyota has been
           | positively evangelical about the Lean model.
           | 
           | I get that it's hard to compete on price with overseas labor.
           | But in theory, our more-educated workforce should let us find
           | non-price advantages, like quality and service. I have
           | theories as to where the problems lie, but it seems so wild
           | to me that this 50-year-old problem hasn't been licked.
        
           | StayTrue wrote:
           | Thanks for your post and sharing your progress. I look
           | forward to the next one.
           | 
           | As a little bootstrapped startup, I can relate. I've also had
           | on-shore production and sourcing issues that couldn't be
           | resolved without unexpected costs/delays. And, culturally,
           | Chinese vendors seem more straightforward or at least aligned
           | with small makers. Their starting point is what they can
           | offer rather than qualifying you as a customer.
        
           | dazhbog wrote:
           | I ran my startup 7 years in China doing pcba, injection
           | molding etc. The speed is really amazing. Now trying a more
           | hybrid model though.. Contact me if you need tips!
        
             | mtlynch wrote:
             | Oh, I'd love that! I'll reach out.
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | Do you know any company in the West that can match China?
         | 
         | All I had is poor quality and magnitude more expensive.
         | 
         | Oh and lead times. It feels like the west is now decades behind
         | China when it comes to high tech.
        
       | robomartin wrote:
       | Please do not take the following as criticism, just observations
       | based on my own experience and hopefully guidance for others
       | wishing to venture in this direction.
       | 
       | First, to state the obvious: Hardware is hard. I have been doing
       | hardware for forty years. I know. The cash requirements to build
       | and sustain a hardware business can be brutally painful if you
       | are bootstrapping.
       | 
       | One of the problems I see when reading about solo founders in the
       | hardware domain is that they launch into the business without
       | having 100% of the skills necessary to deliver the product.
       | 
       | When I built my first hardware startup I was able to complete all
       | of the electrical engineering, firmware/software engineering,
       | mechanical and had a pretty solid grounding in manufacturing. In
       | looking at the profit statement for the OP's startup, I see $360K
       | in costs that could have been avoided. That is, payroll,
       | electrical engineering and web design. That's a ton of money.
       | 
       | My guess is the raw materials costs ($330K) likely is high as
       | well. Hard to say without having greater visibility into the
       | design. I'll say this, I would not be surprised if the cost could
       | be cut in half by going to a reputable contract manufacturer in
       | China. That's just reality, sorry.
       | 
       | The first quarter my product went on the market we (I) sold $650K
       | of that product. The website didn't look particularly great, but
       | it worked. I got better at web design over the years and improved
       | it, eventually handing it off to someone else. At that point we
       | were nicely profitable and I had several employees. The point is,
       | if the product solves a problem the website almost doesn't
       | matter. I always think of Craigs List as and example of that.
       | 
       | It looks like the OP devices sell for, rounding it, about $400.
       | Which means 2022's sales amount to about 2,000 units. That's
       | great, but the profits got eaten-up by having to pay people for
       | skills. A device like this can be assembled and delivered 100%
       | without having to hire a single person.
       | 
       | I recently had a case where I had to redesign a board three times
       | due to component availability issues. It cost me nothing to do
       | that work (in terms of cash), just a few nights and weekends of
       | my time. That's the power of being able to do the work yourself.
       | 
       | My take is that solo founders, particularly if bootstrapped, must
       | restrict their venture to whatever their competencies might be.
       | If they don't, they will have to use cash to buy that expertise,
       | which can make the difference between a nice grow path and
       | extended pain and agony.
       | 
       | That said. Good job! Hardware startups can be horribly painful. I
       | am currently helping a hardware startup that has to spend a
       | million or two building prototypes before they can even hope to
       | sell their product. Very different from being able to code-up a
       | web product on a laptop in the dorm where pizza might be your
       | greatest expense. It takes a special kind of personality to
       | endure entrepreneurship in general, hardware entrepreneurs are on
       | a different class altogether (which could mean we are amazing or
       | we are absolutely demented...I think I am demented).
        
         | varispeed wrote:
         | > Very different from being able to code-up a web product on a
         | laptop in the dorm where pizza might be your greatest expense.
         | 
         | That feeling when you fat fingered one resistor value on the
         | BOM and you have not noticed even after going through BOM five
         | time before placing the order, then realising this when boards
         | came assembled month later and you couldn't figure why they
         | don't work. The dilemma - go through 100 boards and manually
         | replace each resistor or keep them for parts and run the order
         | again and so on and so on.
         | 
         | Completely different to when you have a bug in software and you
         | can just change few lines and deploy.
        
           | antoniuschan99 wrote:
           | That's one nightmare :P. But also with software, because the
           | factory firmware can't be changed! Luckily there's OTA but
           | even that may not save you if it's part of the config file
           | that doesn't change!
        
           | robomartin wrote:
           | > That feeling when you fat fingered one resistor value on
           | the BOM
           | 
           | Three short stories:
           | 
           | I did this board almost twenty years ago. FPGAs and a bunch
           | of other stuff. Signals going all the way up to 1.7 GHz. I
           | got the signal and power integrity design of the PCB as close
           | to perfect as could be. It passed emissions testing as well.
           | Somehow I managed to lay out the $5 DC power in connector
           | backwards. Yup. The joke was I could be trusted with multi-
           | giga-Hertz designs but I suck at DC.
           | 
           | More recently, we had a few hundred boards assembled. Due to
           | supply chain issues some of the parts on that board are in
           | the "unobtanium" category. The pick-and-place machine
           | screwed-up and rotated some of these impossible-to-get
           | components on a couple dozen boards. Somehow optical
           | inspection did not pick up on it (I have my theory on that
           | one). We blew the top off a couple of those chips on power-up
           | before understanding there was a problem and re-inspecting
           | everything. You can't buy the chips (50+ week lead times) so,
           | a couple dozen of these $1K+ boards are on a pile waiting for
           | new chips.
           | 
           | Finally, I found myself having to hand-solder 800 resistors
           | on a bunch of boards because the interface to a device these
           | were talking to changed without notice, requiring pull-downs.
           | The board had no pads for pull-downs. I had to solder these
           | 0402 resistors to existing pads shared by other SMT
           | components. It was about twelve hours of pure agony.
           | 
           | That's why I say I must be demented. I like hardware, and I
           | can hate it just as much.
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | jimhi wrote:
       | Hey Michael, been following for awhile now -
       | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=21882791#21883808
       | 
       | Many entrepreneurs dream of being able to get to nearly 1 million
       | in annual revenue, very surprised you only are taking 6k.
       | Hopefully you won't spend much more on redesigning and web
       | design? 30k is an insane amount for a startup to spend on web
       | design. It sounds like you are happy with it but I hope you do
       | not continue to spend that next year.
       | 
       | It looks like Tinypilot is mostly a one time purchase. I could
       | imagine there are software addons many of your customers go
       | through - like taking a screenshot every x seconds and sending to
       | aws that you could eventually for an extra cost (or even monthly
       | subscription)
       | 
       | Just thinking you have something nice here and it hardware will
       | always need to be improved and redesigned so maybe you can
       | continue to add nice products on top of this with healthy
       | margins. I look forward to reading next year when you finally pay
       | yourself a decent salary from this.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | Yeah, we've thought about add-ons but haven't found anything
         | yet that would be a great match. One of the most common
         | requests is cloud access. We teased the idea in a blog post,[0]
         | but not that many people signed up, and a lot of customers
         | balked at the idea of $30/month when Tailscale and friends are
         | free.
         | 
         | [0] https://tinypilotkvm.com/blog/tinypilot-cloud-waitlist
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | zhi086 wrote:
       | Everything is a struggle, but then everything is a victory.
        
       | siliconc0w wrote:
       | Don't most modern systems have baked in lights out management
       | with kvm? I think there was even an open api. So it's a pretty
       | niche hobbyist old system market that already seems price
       | sensitive and if want to be able to powercycle you'd need another
       | solution anyway. Numbers are pretty grim but hardware is hard,
       | esp bootstrapped. It seems like you're definitely playing on hard
       | mode a bit.
        
       | beambot wrote:
       | Looks like TinyPilot was started in 2020, so it's really $0 =>
       | $850k in sales in less than 3-years with a significant hardware
       | element. That's quite an accomplishment - congratulations!
       | 
       | Seems like the next big inflection point is getting off the
       | single-shot hardware sales & adding an enterprise-style SaaS
       | upsell. Software updates & cloud offerings seem like natural
       | starting points. Needn't be anything fancy -- even if it's just
       | an out-of-the-box wrapper around Tailscale. Add on SOC2
       | certification & SSO, and you'd easily be able to command
       | enterprise pricing (e.g. extra $100-$300/yr/device).
        
       | sasakrsmanovic2 wrote:
       | "Don't become anyone's smallest client"
       | 
       | What a great advice. Very well put - thanks!
        
       | moorg wrote:
       | Five years in, no salary, and not enough earnings to pay for
       | basic living expenses? That sheds a pretty poor light on
       | venturing out on one's own.
       | 
       | The author seems like a pretty bright person, and the About Me
       | page lists an ivy league education and some prior work
       | experience. What prospects, then, would someone from a more
       | humble background have? Or is the point of the "bootstrapped
       | experiment" not to earn a basic living?
       | 
       | The media paints entrepreneuship as a high calling and "founders"
       | are seen as stars of the show, but is the reality much bleaker?
        
         | PM_me_your_math wrote:
         | I find it remarkable that someone would go into business for
         | themselves to NOT pay for their living standards. In a start-
         | crunch sure, but if you got revenue, pay yourself. The whole
         | point of going into business for yourself is to pay yourself. I
         | think some people get wrapped up in the emotional aspects, and
         | fail to see the pragmatic aspects.
        
         | metadat wrote:
         | It turns out.. striking out on your own as a solo tech founder
         | is truly challenging for most. I learned this the hard way
         | myself through first hand experience. Ultimately I failed,
         | though arguably in the long term the lessons I learned were
         | more valuable than the few hundred thousand dollars of my own
         | money I spent.
         | 
         | The reality is that it takes a certain skillset to do _all_ the
         | research, product development work, business development,
         | sales, and marketing by oneself. Much less procuring VC funding
         | (in my case) or for a physical product, creating the end-to-end
         | supply chain and manufacturing pipeline.
         | 
         | If I needed a KVM I'd definitely consider a TinyPilot, because
         | it actually looks useful and @mtlynch has demonstrated an
         | unrelenting high degree of dedication.and commitment to this
         | idea for _years_.
         | 
         | Edit: After writing this I checked out a review [0], was
         | surprised how tiny it was. After reading about the Chinese vs.
         | American metal enclosure debacle [1,2], I somehow expected it
         | to be larger despite it having tiny in the name. To be fair, in
         | the pics it does look similar to a PSU enclosure and my brain
         | has heavy PC-parts bias :).
         | 
         | [0] https://youtube.com/watch?v=o9-1yjGWoOA
         | 
         | [1] https://mtlynch.io/retrospectives/2022/11/#with-metal-
         | cases-...
         | 
         | [2] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=34740537 (related
         | comment in this thread)
        
         | julianeon wrote:
         | You raise good questions, especially for someone considering
         | striking out on their own.
         | 
         | Personally I'm laser focused on this question: "How do I match
         | what I could earn in salary as a software engineer?" Beyond
         | that - I can figure it out on my own. Until then - I'm burning
         | savings and need to figure it out.
         | 
         | As far as I can tell, the safest fastest way to get from A
         | (unemployed and without income) to B ("engineer salary") is as
         | follows, assuming "engineer salary" is 150k/year.
         | 
         | 1. Have enough savings to live for 1 year with $0 income and
         | another year with reduced income - say, 50k/year. Having 40k on
         | top of that in savings: half of that to get you started, half
         | to buy businesses in the future and/or to buy services to do
         | that then.
         | 
         | 2. Buy an ad supported online business on Flippa. Budget: 20k.
         | This can be for one or multiple businesses, though multiple is
         | probably better for quicker growth & profit potential. (It
         | doesn't have to be Flippa btw, but that's 'good enough' for our
         | purposes).
         | 
         | 3. Assume no income in year 1. In this year you add pages to
         | your site(s) and continuously improve them, using Google search
         | analytics to confirm what you're doing is working. Your traffic
         | should be increasing.
         | 
         | 4. Assume 50k/year income in year 2. This is either through ad
         | revenue or selling one of those sites you bought (probably the
         | latter). Continue doing what you did in year 1, but better.
         | 
         | 5. By year 3 you've hit your goal. By year 4 you've exceeded
         | it. Every year after that, you can expect your income to
         | substantially grow, for at least the following 3 years.
        
         | ericmcer wrote:
         | The reality is super bleak. Listen to the Indiehackers podcast
         | and you will see that most of the 'crazy success' stories
         | involve someone getting lucky and ending up with $10k/mo, that
         | is a low junior dev salary at a FAANG.
         | 
         | The most recent episode featured a guy who was an expert at
         | building and selling Shopify apps. He built 10 different apps,
         | but 97% of his revenue was coming from 1 of them. Even in his
         | own special niche he had a 10% success rate. It was something
         | like the 4th product he had launched also, so it wasn't the
         | product of lessons learned.
         | 
         | I don't want to make it sound bleak because everyone should
         | experience building something from scratch (I have tried and
         | still dabble) but it is really a tough game.
        
           | PM_me_your_math wrote:
           | 1 out of 10 sounds about right. Especially if you're taking a
           | shot in the dark and/or not competing in an established
           | market. Truth be told, it is tough, but its not the path of
           | least resistance, so there's nothing else to expect. It is
           | easier to push through if you have thick skin. If you have
           | grit, you can iterate through projects quickly and find the
           | one that connects with a market. The trap is falling in love
           | with your idea without first proving it can generate revenue.
           | I know guys who have poured tens of thousands of dollars into
           | SAAS, only to discover after-the-fact that nobody wants to
           | buy it.
        
           | maxilevi wrote:
           | I think 10k/month from a product and 10k/month from FAANG
           | have a vastly different value quality of life wise
        
           | bdcravens wrote:
           | Every person's situation is unique, but less money can be
           | equivalent given the tangible costs (transportation, food,
           | clothing, etc) and intangible (stresses of any particular
           | jobs like meetings, hours, etc)
        
           | throwagoog wrote:
           | Throwaway for obvious reasons. I'm one of those senior FAANG
           | guys making $300k/year, every day I'm waking up at 5 and
           | working on my own startup idea for 3-4 hours so that some day
           | I can get back to my home country and have freedom, $3k/month
           | will be enough. I will try very hard to get that freedom,
           | only if I fail I'll look for another job. $10k/mo as a solo
           | founder and $10k/mo at FAANG is in no way comparable.
        
           | inglor_cz wrote:
           | If you attain relative independence at 10 K per month, it
           | might be worth it.
           | 
           | Personally, I am a very independence-minded person and I am
           | not sure what offer would I have to receive in order to drop
           | my current business (with a lot of small customers, so not a
           | single chokepoint) and become a cog in some big wheelhouse.
           | 
           | Experience of my peers (I am soon to be 45) says that big
           | wheelhouses can sometimes collapse with alarming speed and
           | once you get used to the putative safety, the aftereffects
           | can break your family, your mind (one guy I knew really fell
           | into a bad alcohol habit after being let go from a bank) etc.
        
           | l2silver wrote:
           | Just went and listened, and sure enough the first episode was
           | on point. Justin Welsh. Smart guy, but he does attribute a
           | lot of his success to being one of the first people to create
           | posts specifically for linkedin, which allowed him to acquire
           | an audience of about 20k very quickly.
        
         | VoodooJuJu wrote:
         | The most conspicuous examples of so-called entrepreneurs and
         | founders are really just class bullshitters [1]. This class of
         | solopreneur as portrayed by "the media" typically comes from a
         | well-off family, so basic living expenses are already covered
         | behind the scenes.
         | 
         | Another frivolous example is the boutique kombucha company
         | founder living a posh Manhattan lifestyle, with frequent
         | updates to their instagram about their life and "success". The
         | hip status of being a founder/entrepreneur is their ultimate
         | goal, not financial success, as finances are not a concern for
         | this class of individual.
         | 
         | [1] Class Bullshitters -
         | https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=30556312
        
         | 71a54xd wrote:
         | So unfortunately, this is called delusion. This is worse than
         | working five years on a failing crypto project with funding for
         | five years.
         | 
         | I tend to measure progress as a function of financial / skill
         | gain over time spent. What a lot of solo founders fail to
         | realize (regardless of education) is that time is the real risk
         | in startups. Sure, you could wait five years for a $2M exit,
         | but how much of your own time / investor time did you burn? At
         | some point, you have to ask whether a "business" is really more
         | of a side-project and whether you're being honest with yourself
         | about how much you value your time.
         | 
         | For context, someone with a high school degree and a poor
         | understanding of social media marketing could make more money
         | with zero employees power-washing driveways. I don't mean to be
         | harsh - but time is valuable.
         | 
         | The value of life lived is different for each individual, but
         | slowly bleeding out what could've been a prosperous education
         | and career for someone who might just be bad at managing a
         | business is a travesty. I have friends who do this, they're
         | misguided but they also have huge sums of family money paying
         | their rent etc... alas another form of delusion and a detached
         | form of reality.
         | 
         | I've literally made more revenue paying a college kid to farm
         | black soldier flies with waste from a vegan coffee shop. I'm
         | literally not kidding.
        
         | qup wrote:
         | > Or is the point of the "bootstrapped experiment" not to earn
         | a basic living?
         | 
         | With no offense to the methods of this founder, no, I don't
         | think that's the point of his (yet?). Maybe an eventual goal,
         | but he clearly has no need for immediate profits, he'd rather
         | do a good job with the product.
        
         | danielmarkbruce wrote:
         | Domain expertise matters. Solving a problem for businesses with
         | software is what most successful tech companies are doing - but
         | it's very difficult if you don't have some insight into the
         | process and problems of some group of businesses.
         | 
         | Observations as a regular human worked in the late 90's and
         | around 2010 because there was lots of obvious stuff stuff to do
         | when the web was taking off and mobile taking off. Outside
         | those windows...domain expertise.
        
           | moneywoes wrote:
           | As an outsider is there an effective format for attaining
           | domain expertise via interviews in the sales process?
        
             | wpietri wrote:
             | Selling things to people might give you domain familiarity,
             | but it won't give you domain expertise.
             | 
             | I think a better approach is getting actual domain
             | expertise in the door one way or another. E.g., a
             | cofounder, an early hire, or a consultant. Thinking about
             | the domain experts I've worked with in the past, I'd look
             | for 10-20 years of work in the industry, hopefully in a few
             | different roles or companies.
        
             | eyphka wrote:
             | For B2b, sales conversations and stalking users in their
             | work _is_ the process of achieving domain expertise, then
             | product market fit.
             | 
             | You have to start with some hypothesis however.
        
             | danielmarkbruce wrote:
             | People seem to do it. I'm sure it's a lot of hard work but
             | there are concrete examples. Stripe, Blend off the top of
             | my head.
        
               | throw_away1525 wrote:
               | I spent 9 years building domain expertise in a
               | traditional engineering field and have many ideas for
               | startups that would 100% be successful if I had the
               | time/capital/grit/etc... not just me, anyone with my
               | experience would be able to do it. It is incredible how
               | absolutely awful most engineering software is. Meaning
               | software for mechanical, civil, chemical engineers,
               | etc... The business logic backends are basically all
               | ancient codebases written in C++ or Fortran. CI/CD?
               | Testing? Clean code? Yeah, no. You're having spaghetti
               | code for dinner. And the greybeard who wrote that line of
               | code 25 years ago and is still hanging out in a back
               | office is reverting your changes if you touch "his" code.
               | Imagine what someone could do using a language like Julia
               | or Python/Numpy with modern software engineering
               | practices could build. You would be able to iterate and
               | add new features so quickly, none of the current players
               | who all basically built their stuff in the 90s would be
               | able to compete. I applied for a job at one of these
               | companies and they earnestly asked me if I knew how to
               | code in Delphi... um, no, have you guys heard of React or
               | Electron?
        
               | danielmarkbruce wrote:
               | Are you saying the software products used by (for
               | example) chemical engineers are no good? What are they
               | using the products for? On what dimensions could the
               | products be made better? Ie, faster, easier to use?
               | Something else?
        
         | phphphphp wrote:
         | Success is a means to an end: success enables you to do the
         | things you want to do that you couldn't do otherwise. If the
         | things you can do don't require financial success, why does
         | financial success matter? The author is apparently having a
         | great time living his life and building his company, who cares
         | if he could make more money back at Google?
         | 
         | Entrepreneurship is about making your own path, not about
         | maximising money.
        
         | camhart wrote:
         | You're making a lot of assumptions about what leads to
         | entrepreneurial success. My gut feeling is working at a big
         | business and attending an ivy league school isn't going to
         | offer better preparation for bootstrapping a business than the
         | hustler who learned to code on the side. In fact, it may
         | actually harm your chances.
         | 
         | Entrepreneurship is something very special, if you can pull it
         | off. It's not something that being spoon fed knowledge through
         | typical education prepares you for. It's incredibly difficult
         | and fraught with risk. But the rewards exists, so it's worth it
         | to take a shot if you think you have what it takes and the
         | opportunity seems worth it.
         | 
         | For what its worth, I'm a bootstrapped founder, and I do make a
         | living off of it.
        
         | atentaten wrote:
         | It's true that most people can't afford to to not have enough
         | earnings to pay for basic living expenses while pursuing the
         | entrepreneurship path. The middle ground would be to keep a day
         | job as you go along that path.
        
           | toyg wrote:
           | moonlighting is very hard, and typically means your business
           | will not get the best of your focus and energy. It also
           | fosters an unhealthy and antisocial attitude; people need
           | downtime to avoid burnout.
        
         | jbenjoseph wrote:
         | As an employee, you are essentially a business owner with one
         | customer. Your customer can cut you off at any time with a 3 AM
         | e-mail, even if you pour your heart into your work. You lose
         | access to it too. You own nothing, any thing you do, your
         | customer owns 100%. There is no intellectual property of yours
         | it's all theirs. Owning a business is super hard and you won't
         | make as much money until you sell, if you are lucky to sell.
         | But, being an employee is even more crazy.
        
         | mjwhansen wrote:
         | I hope this doesn't discourage you! There's a thriving
         | community of indie founders who are earning a good living from
         | their own companies, many of whom are developers who struck out
         | on their own.
         | 
         | Most don't have fancy degrees or companies on their resumes,
         | though a few do. Many don't have a college degree at all.
         | 
         | It's definitely possible to build a profitable small tech
         | business. We've been running our own company full-time for over
         | 6 years now, and make a better living than we did as employees.
         | It did take 3 years of patience as it grew from a side project
         | (so we're in year 9 now, all told).
         | 
         | FWIW self-funding a hardware company, especially when outside
         | expertise is required, is definitely bootstrapping on hard
         | mode. (Though I do know someone who bootstrapped a rocket
         | company!) Most of us do software.
         | 
         | I encourage you to check out a MicroConf Local if you're
         | interested in learning more about the indie founder world.
        
         | testmasterflex wrote:
         | If you are going to bootstrap a hardware company then this is
         | the reality. And most companies never even get this far.
        
         | georgeecollins wrote:
         | >> is the reality much bleaker? Of course, because the media
         | suffers from survivor bias. No one gets article written about
         | them for failing.
         | 
         | But lets give the OP some credit- if the company becomes more
         | profitable it could be worth many years salary in equity. And
         | someone who can start a company can usually start another
         | company, which is kind of security I think a lot of people
         | don't have.
         | 
         | Look, if you are getting a large salary from a FAANG type gig,
         | every study shows for your wealth you should stick with it. If
         | you don't want to, or you don't have that choice: lets help
         | that person learn to hunt and kill for themselves.
        
         | aranchelk wrote:
         | Typically the media reports on startups with significant
         | investment by venture capital firms. This startup is
         | bootstrapped, (i.e. self-funded) that makes the process
         | significantly more difficult.
        
         | yieldcrv wrote:
         | It actually highlights the survivorship bias in startups
         | 
         | TinyPilot is an okay venture, if they raise outside capital or
         | do a big exit they will look like an overnight success
         | 
         | Everyone else will have tried the single venture five
         | iterations ago, gone in debt and had to get a job for the next
         | 10 years before hoping their life, family and health let them
         | try again
         | 
         | Richer people just iterate faster, are flexible enough to
         | upskill if they chose to apply themselves in this way
        
         | f0e4c2f7 wrote:
         | It depends on the media. HBO's Silicon Valley for example
         | depicts being a founder as being mostly stress and existential
         | dread punctuated by occasional moments of great excitement. I
         | find this to be pretty accurate.
         | 
         | Startups are pretty hard compared to a lot of things. Even if
         | you have funding from the most prestigious seed fund, most
         | startups will fail before they get to the stage mentioned in
         | the blog post. The nature of the game is that 95% of the time
         | you fail and the rest of the time you get rich. This is why
         | it's so important to execute quickly and keep trying things
         | until you find something that works.
         | 
         | How bleak this reality is depends on your perspective. If you
         | expect it to be like most things in life where you follow a
         | prescribed path and get a reliable result then it's quite bleak
         | indeed. If on the other hand you want to go out and have
         | adventures it's pretty cool.
        
         | mtlynch wrote:
         | Thanks for reading!
         | 
         | One subtle point about the profit is that because I'm selling a
         | physical product, there are still a lot of unrealized gains in
         | inventory. I estimate that if stopped purchasing new material
         | and just liquidated my existing stock, there'd be about $350k
         | in profit at the end.
         | 
         | That said, I don't think hardware is a good path for a
         | bootstrapped business. I went into this thinking I'd mainly be
         | focusing on selling the software to people who already had the
         | hardware, and then it turned out that there was much more
         | demand for pre-made hardware.
         | 
         | There are many of other tech business paths that are friendlier
         | to bootstrappers, like content businesses, SaaS tools, and
         | educational products. I know of several founders making a
         | comfortable living in those domains, so I wouldn't generalize
         | based on my experience.
        
           | waprin wrote:
           | Thanks for writing Micheal, I'm also 30-something ex-Google
           | SWE and currently all-in on solo dev bootstrapping, so your
           | blog is one of my (many) big inspirations.
           | 
           | As you note, I do think if your primary objective was to
           | catch up to SWE compensation, your project idea filter was
           | probably not optimal. But it's still great that you have the
           | spark of something with TinyPilot. One thing I see repeatedly
           | in the indie hacker community is hockey stick success where
           | people struggle to get the engine going but often once they
           | find the spark it takes off. The ten year overnight success.
           | 
           | Also worth noting many indie hackers add part time stable
           | income such as contracting as their finances require.
           | 
           | If people are looking for a straightforward path where they
           | leave their SWE job and quickly get similar stable income as
           | a bootstrapper, they're in for an unpleasant surprise. But if
           | you can "make it" you control your own destiny , face unique
           | challenges demanding true creativity, and have uncapped
           | upside in a way you'll never get at BigTech .
           | 
           | I do think content businesses are an easier launch point .
           | Adam Wethan of Tailwind and Nathan Barry of Convertkit are
           | both examples of bootstrappers who self-funded by starting
           | with info products. I think one mental trap for solo devs is
           | to over identify as SWE and not as online entrepreneurs with
           | SWE skills as a particularly helpful asset.
           | 
           | Wish you and TinyPilot the best of luck and look forward to
           | future updates.
        
           | KeithBrink wrote:
           | You could account for your inventory as an asset and then
           | expense it once sold. That would make you much more
           | profitable on paper right away! :)
        
             | rumblerock wrote:
             | I'm assuming this was slightly in jest, but paying yourself
             | is all about free cash flow when you're bootstrapped,
             | fronting inventory and growing. And in practice, with hard
             | goods this is really difficult unless your gross margins
             | are really high.
        
             | cjbgkagh wrote:
             | AKA Cost of Goods Sold (COGS)
        
               | beambot wrote:
               | Not quite. Inventory is an asset on the _balance sheet_.
               | It only becomes _COGS_ on the _income statement_ when the
               | goods are sold.
        
               | cjbgkagh wrote:
               | I figured the idea of labeling the inventory as an asset
               | was part of the practice of later deducting the cost
               | (expensing). I.e. you can't expense it twice.
        
               | rgbrenner wrote:
               | I think you're both saying the same thing... when you buy
               | new inventory, the entries are:
               | 
               | (subtract cash) (add to inventory assets)
               | 
               | This is not an expense yet. Then later when you sell it:
               | 
               | (subtract inventory) (add to cogs)
               | 
               | COGS is an expense account.
               | 
               | Since an income statement doesn't show assets, it
               | wouldn't appear on the income statement until it becomes
               | a COGS expense.
        
               | [deleted]
        
               | conductr wrote:
               | Yes basically because of matching. The income statement
               | is sloppy without it and difficult to determine operating
               | performance
               | 
               | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matching_principle
        
             | skeeter2020 wrote:
             | If there's a single rule for small business it's "Cash is
             | King". Cashflow is what kills you and the monthly income
             | statement is way more important than your balance sheet.
        
         | KeithBrink wrote:
         | One overlooked factor in these numbers is that the founder now
         | has more levers to pull. For example, they are paying $206k in
         | payroll, and in an emergency situation, could let some staff go
         | and take over those functions themselves.
         | 
         | I've experienced the same thing with my bootstrapped startup;
         | I'm not paying myself any more money than I did 3 years ago,
         | but if I need money, I can double or triple my own salary
         | within a month or two.
         | 
         | The reason the founder isn't doing that now is likely exactly
         | the same reason Uber or other VC startups consistently lose
         | money; they are optimizing for growth, not profit/salary.
        
           | password11 wrote:
           | > _The reason the founder isn 't doing that now is likely
           | exactly the same reason Uber or other VC startups
           | consistently lose money; they are optimizing for growth, not
           | profit/salary._
           | 
           | Optimizing for growth is very risky and makes sense to VCs.
           | VCs diversify into dozens of companies. The odds that one
           | company will be a moonshot are pretty good. But as an
           | individual founder you're 100% exposed to the growth/collapse
           | of your one company.
        
         | Fuzzwah wrote:
         | The 46k website redesign was also a huge thing....
         | 
         | https://mtlynch.io/tinypilot-redesign/
        
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