[HN Gopher] Ask HN: Whatever Happened To Freelancing?
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       Ask HN: Whatever Happened To Freelancing?
        
       I'm trying to break into freelancing/consulting/contracting.
       Following best advice on the net/podcasts/etc I'm contacting my
       past companies plus some new ones and all of them tell me the same
       exact story.  "No. We cannot hire freelancers directly. You must go
       through a third company (consulting firm/body shop) which we work
       with."  But why the heck would I even consider doing that? The
       whole point of freelancing (at least IMO) is being _free_ from the
       middlemen.  Anyway, humoring the idea of actually doing that I
       contacted one of these middlemen companies and was sent a hideous
       contract full of terms that -let's put it mildly- are not in my
       favor. (Liabilities fully on me, limitations on where I can go
       afterwards, Information asymmetry, need to support for long after
       project finish, etc).  So the question remains - is there any real
       freelancing still on? (I'm not talking platforms here - I wouldn't
       go there for several reasons).  Could it be that the specific
       market I've been looking at (UK/IE) is skewed like that and other
       markets are in better shape?  Thanks
        
       Author : tHrOwAwAyXXX900
       Score  : 148 points
       Date   : 2023-02-10 12:56 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
       | purpleblue wrote:
       | The real reason that only a couple have touched upon, at least in
       | the US, is because in the last 20 years the tax rules changed.
       | The IRS put the onus on the hiring company to pay taxes if the
       | contractor didn't pay their taxes. That's a huge burden, which is
       | why most larger companies will go with well known companies that
       | can take on that liability. 20 years ago, this didn't happen so
       | it was easier to hire a single contractor but now the tax
       | liability has forced many companies to change their policies
       | permanently to only hiring from larger contracting companies that
       | can ensure that taxes are paid.
        
       | djha-skin wrote:
       | I contracted for a company once and know another guy who does a
       | lot of freelancing. I was W2 for the contracting company but the
       | company did a lot of work with contractors.
       | 
       | GET AN LLC. Companies are a lot more willing to work Corp to
       | Corp. An S-corp along with the LLC will allow you to pay yourself
       | a salary. Even these middlemen are a lot happier working Corp to
       | Corp, and should give you more wiggle room. Nobody likes a 1098-T
       | worker. If you're concerned about anonymity, getting a
       | corporation in New Mexico allows you to create a corporation
       | relatively anonymously.
        
         | haspok wrote:
         | Poster is in the UK (or Ireland). Recommending going to New
         | Mexico sounds funny :)
        
           | etothepii wrote:
           | The same points apply, most it contractors (and there are
           | many in finance) have an LTD. Never met anyone working as a
           | sole trader. IANAL but most of the liability gubbins falls
           | away too, since you and the company are legally distinct
           | entities.
        
             | jaywalk wrote:
             | In the US at least, a sole proprietorship/single-member LLC
             | doesn't do much to shield you from liability. You can't
             | really say "it was the company's fault!" when you _are_ the
             | company.
        
               | zharknado wrote:
               | But it provides a strong backstop against the
               | consequences of liability. E.g. if your house and your
               | car aren't assets of the corporation, they can't be
               | seized and liquidated to satisfy debts or settle
               | litigation.
        
           | ROTMetro wrote:
           | You don't go there.
           | 
           | https://cindysnewmexicollcs.com/
        
           | sgt wrote:
           | Maybe he should do it, as ridiculous as it sounds. Going from
           | a place called "Stratfordshire upon " something to ... the NM
           | or better yet, AZ! Imagine the adventure.
        
       | rcarr wrote:
       | Get a copy of this book:
       | 
       | https://amzn.eu/d/4pq5X0M
       | 
       | And you'll gain an understanding as to why companies are doing
       | it. The companies are covering their arses as much as possible
       | because there have been instances where they've also been stung
       | when the contractor has been caught out by the tax man. The
       | middleman company is basically playing the role of insurance for
       | the corporation.
       | 
       | The author also runs this website which you might find useful:
       | 
       | https://www.contractorcalculator.co.uk
        
         | sdf4j wrote:
         | Please always paste the name of the book/author as courtesy for
         | the readers. Some try to avoid driving to amazon as much as we
         | can
        
           | cjm42 wrote:
           | It is: Contractors' Handbook: The Expert Guide for UK
           | Contractors and Freelancers (3rd Edition; 13 Nov. 2017) by
           | Dave Chaplin (ISBN-10: 1527216039; ISBN-13: 978-1527216037)
        
           | rcarr wrote:
           | my bad, will make sure to do this next time
        
         | bloaf wrote:
         | See also:
         | 
         | https://medium.com/incerto/how-to-legally-own-another-person...
        
       | alex_suzuki wrote:
       | In my experience, if what you can provide to a prospective client
       | is genuinely valuable or even unique, arrangements can usually be
       | made. Having an LLC is very handy though, as it simplifies
       | procurement for your client.
        
       | BigglesZX wrote:
       | UK web dev freelancer here. I think it very much depends on the
       | kind of organisations you want to work for. I went solo in 2016
       | as a self-employed person and never had any trouble accessing
       | clients, who in my case are typically a mix of small digital
       | agencies and small non-technical businesses with no in-house
       | technical resource. I incorporated a company last year in order
       | to firewall my work from my personal affairs, and you may find
       | some companies that will only work with limited companies, but I
       | haven't had that problem so far. If you want to work for big
       | corporations I expect you will run into such issues or the
       | problem you describe yourself. However it's definitely worth
       | approaching different shapes/sizes of business. As another
       | commenter mentioned, you should definitely be aware of the
       | ramifications of the IR35 regulation as this will probably shape
       | the sort of work available to you. Some people work with
       | "umbrella companies" in order to be able to fit better within the
       | constraints of IR35.
       | 
       | All told I've never looked back after ~7 years of doing this, and
       | while job security can obviously be an issue, the comparative
       | flexibility and freedom over your work/life balance etc more than
       | makes up for it. Good luck!
        
         | l1silver wrote:
         | Can I ask, what was your first step into freelance exactly? Was
         | it working with a past client, or something else entirely?
        
         | Silhouette wrote:
         | _Some people work with "umbrella companies" in order to be able
         | to fit better within the constraints of IR35._
         | 
         | The point of umbrella companies is for clients to make sure the
         | work falls outside the scope of IR35 while dumping the
         | corresponding massive tax hit and extra paperwork on the
         | contractor/freelancer instead of paying what they're explicitly
         | supposed to be paying themselves. It's basically industrial
         | scale tax avoidance by large clients but since HMRC still gets
         | its tax anyway the government doesn't seem to be in much of a
         | hurry to fix it.
         | 
         | Of course this is the same government - or at least a lot of
         | the same politicians forming a government - that seems to be in
         | denial about the results of the recent IR35 changes while
         | simultaneously complaining about how we have no growth in our
         | economy and we need to support industries like science and
         | technology more. Really? Go figure.
        
         | [deleted]
        
       | MisterBastahrd wrote:
       | Having been a recruiter in a previous life, I know that some
       | companies specifically force third parties into the relationship
       | because it helps managers weed out other recruiters. Instead of
       | having a dozen people blowing up your phone on a daily basis, you
       | can simply tell them that we're not gonna work with you because
       | we're contracted with this other party for staffing purposes.
        
       | nickdothutton wrote:
       | UK HMRC wants to eliminate non-PAYE employment and has been
       | trying to do so since around 2003. This has proved difficult for
       | them since contractors/consultants are often not just working as
       | contractors to try and reduce tax, some of them are, y'know,
       | trying to build a business and gain freedom from the 9-5. The
       | most successful strategy for HMRC has been to fine employers for
       | employing people as indy consultants who would otherwise be
       | classed as on the payroll/PAYE types. These umbrella
       | companies/3rd companies insulate the employer from some of the
       | "risks" invented by HMRC to them.
        
       | TheRealDunkirk wrote:
       | Fraud, causing 3rd-parties to insert themselves between companies
       | and freelancers. And then, of course, comes the VC attempt to
       | monopolize this arbitrage, giving way to fewer and fewer options
       | for freelancers to work through.
       | 
       | The entire world is undergoing a shift because of the internet,
       | but I don't see people talking about it. We've had a social
       | system of personal ethics and credibility up till now, but
       | "platforms" create this many-to-many relationship between
       | everyone, none of whom know anything about the other, really. So
       | everyone hides behind legal protections that are becoming more
       | and more onerous. All of this only favors the bigger pockets. So
       | it's a trend right up and past the point the OP is talking about,
       | and will -- _can_ -- only get worse.
       | 
       | I'm sure there's a term for all of the de-personalization, but I
       | don't know what it is. I'm also sure that it's responsible for
       | massive, widespread decline of mental health in society, but I
       | digress.
       | 
       | And I say all of this after having dipped my toe into the
       | consulting racket 25 years ago, working with a boss of a friend
       | who turned out to be a giant asshat. (To wit: He embezzled all
       | the company money on boats and trips.) I have ideas on some
       | software that would greatly benefit some big companies in a
       | particular market, but I know I'd have to work through someone
       | else to make it happen, and I just don't have the energy to do
       | that.
        
         | [deleted]
        
         | la64710 wrote:
         | I think this has also to do with the fact that there is also no
         | platform that caters to business with things like automatic
         | background check , contract negotiation and signing etc for
         | freelancers. Companies are wary of signing a new contract
         | individually with every freelancer as it takes a lot of
         | overhead to go through legal anyway.
        
         | erksa wrote:
         | > We've had a social system of personal ethics and credibility
         | up till now, but "platforms" create this many-to-many
         | relationship between everyone, none of whom know anything about
         | the other, really.
         | 
         | I agree with this, without maybe being able to put it in words
         | my self. Reputation and credibility will be the two things at
         | odds when one can just change platform/network/"area of the
         | internet" if they don't get what they want from those around
         | them.
        
         | quetzthecoatl wrote:
         | >I'm sure there's a term for all of the de-personalization, but
         | I don't know what it is.
         | 
         | deracination?
        
         | ravagat wrote:
         | Great comment. Frankly, the best summary is-- in the pursuit to
         | get rid of middlemen, the middlemen arose in different
         | clothing. Everyone wants arbitrage and leverage their into a
         | better life.
        
         | vram22 wrote:
         | >I'm sure there's a term for all of the de-personalization, but
         | I don't know what it is.
         | 
         | Let's see ...
         | 
         | marginalisation? disenfranchisement? alienation?
         | 
         | Just throwing some words out there to see what will stick ...
         | like the big Jee ... oops (covers mouth, runs away)
        
           | marcosdumay wrote:
           | It's a generalized loss of personal relations, so...
           | 
           | Those words would fit it if it was about a single person, but
           | it's generalized. So there's nothing to get marginalized
           | from.
           | 
           | I do favor "community dissolution" or on the extreme "society
           | dissolution". You can find similar things in history to take
           | lessons from (it doesn't end well), but you will need to go
           | way further than what you are trying.
        
         | tqwhite wrote:
         | Good news is on the way: AI is going to make it so that nobody
         | will every trust anything that doesn't involve seeing a flesh
         | person. The whole internet effect is about to be reversed
         | because it is going to be easy to fake literally anything on
         | it.
        
           | Gigachad wrote:
           | The more likely scenario is that no one will trust anything
           | that isn't verified with your government provided digital ID.
        
         | radu_floricica wrote:
         | I don't know. Maybe there was a sweet spot a few years back,
         | but 20+ years ago you only had your personal network to count
         | on, none of those fancy marketplaces. And it was a slow grind.
         | And there were intermediaries which did give you a constant
         | flow of work but took a large cut, and you often ended up being
         | the 5th or 6th contracted party on a project. It's, TBH, more
         | or less the same - except now you actually do have the fancy
         | marketplaces and VCs that give you an alternative.
        
           | ravagat wrote:
           | That's true but it's important to note that back then there
           | wasn't as much exposure and connectivity so the number of
           | options was limited in a good way. We're now living in a
           | largely connected world with equal opportunity yet very
           | unequal results. Those with leverage use it and those without
           | are left to scavange
        
       | lmeyerov wrote:
       | - Incorporate. In theory, if still an issue, get a bit of
       | liability insurance and whatever else to boost your internal +
       | external reliability ratings...
       | 
       | - .... But I'm guessing that's not the problem. It can be you and
       | they are being polite, or more likely...
       | 
       | - A LOT of companies have hiring freezes & budget cutting they
       | don't want to announce -- even if they are publicizing open roles
       | -- so new expenditures only happen in very special areas. And
       | indeed, UK is indeed particularly bad right now: Brexit + the
       | war. OTOH, freelancing can be your in to other teams who can't
       | otherwise get headcount, so some finesse may work too.
        
         | tstrimple wrote:
         | Point one feels like table stakes for doing freelancing
         | seriously. The third point is also very important. If there is
         | a hiring freeze or other budgetary issues, they may still be
         | able to pull contractors in through existing agreements with
         | other firms. Plus those firms have already gone through the
         | procurement process which covers legal agreements, etc. So
         | instead of having to go through that full process again (which
         | can be extremely time consuming in some organizations), it's
         | much easier to funnel freelancers through an agency with whom
         | they already have all the arrangements and agreements approved.
         | 
         | From the businesses point of view, would you rather deal with a
         | couple larger providers or manage individual contracts and
         | relationships with potentially dozens of individuals?
        
       | greenyoda wrote:
       | Just as a data point... I work with an independent contractor in
       | Europe (one-person business) who is directly hired by the U.S.
       | software company (large, but much smaller than FAANG) that I work
       | for. The contractor is paid directly via wire transfers from the
       | company's accounting department.
       | 
       | I also have a friend in the U.S. who has been running a one-
       | person consulting business for decades.
       | 
       | Both of these people operate as their own businesses and
       | negotiate their own contracts. So freelancing does still exist
       | out there.
        
       | mock-possum wrote:
       | in my experience, small local mom'n'pop business are fine hiring
       | an unincorporated freelancer for cash - big box brands want to
       | work with other businesses, not with individuals.
       | 
       | doing little bits of work for local businesses is essentially the
       | same as mowing lawns over the summer for cash - yes you can make
       | bank doing it if you're smart and diligent, but no it's not
       | really in the same league as working with a professional
       | landscaping outfit.
        
       | brindy wrote:
       | In the past I found freelancing in the UK highly dependant on
       | personal network. I believe it is possible to find work if you
       | know enough folk who are happy to work with freelancers. I built
       | my network by attending interest/tech based events and
       | networking.
       | 
       | An alternative might be contracting but these usually require
       | setting up as a LTD, getting insurance, etc. you'll also have to
       | deal with corporation tax and other admin. The work you'll get is
       | more or less the same as perm work but with more risks (usually 3
       | or 6 month contracts, you're the first to get fired if things get
       | tough)
       | 
       | However day rates in excess of PS500 are normal outside of London
       | (PS750 in London) so if you can deal with all that it can be
       | lucrative. I use 220 as the number of working days in a year
       | which can put your income north of PS100k (ymmv).
       | 
       | Hope that helps, and hope you work it out.
        
         | Silhouette wrote:
         | _However day rates in excess of PS500 are normal outside of
         | London (PS750 in London) so if you can deal with all that it
         | can be lucrative._
         | 
         | Of course that depends on the type of work you do, your skill
         | and experience level, and the type of client you work with.
         | 
         | In the UK what that day rate is worth also depends on whether
         | you are working inside or outside IR35 and if inside whether
         | you're working through an umbrella company or the client is
         | paying their own taxes. Your PS750 and your friend's PS750
         | might give you _very_ different amounts of real money left
         | after taxes and costs.
        
       | blobbers wrote:
       | Generally bigger companies have requirements surrounding things
       | like insurance, etc.
       | 
       | Sometimes if you push hard enough and the people want you,
       | they'll tell you the requirements etc. You'll need to talk to the
       | finance group etc. to make sure you comply with any requirements.
       | VMWare wanted $30M in cybersecurity insurance. It wasn't cheap to
       | buy, but worthwhile based on the size of the contract.
        
       | jagermo wrote:
       | we can't/won't onboard individual contributors and it is a pain.
       | If you can set up a company, like a LLC or something, we can
       | onboard. It sucks and costs us way more in overhead but these are
       | them rules.
       | 
       | But as other said, only hiring companies instead of individuals
       | protects you from potential lawsuits around social fraud.
        
         | faster wrote:
         | In a certain range of company sizes, this works. I have been
         | contracting since 1998 and have had a C corp since 2000. I'm
         | currently doing work for a Fortune 100 company and they were
         | quite unwilling to hire my company; I have to work through an
         | agency as an individual.
         | 
         | My experience is that when a company is big enough to have a
         | legal department, they invent a bunch of terrible scenarios and
         | then create policies to protect the company from the things
         | they imagined. Yes, there can be real problems hiring
         | contractors directly (but I think it's fairly rare), and it's a
         | lot easier to have one or two agencies that you pay instead of
         | dozens (up to thousands like the company I'm working for now)
         | of separate contractors.
         | 
         | Billing the big corps (when it's possible to contract corp-to-
         | corp) has been a pretty awful experience too. Adobe wanted to
         | see my company's client list, tax returns, and marketing
         | materials AFTER the work had been done, for an invoice under
         | $20k. I said no, and it took over 2 months to get them to pay.
         | That was a while back though, so maybe things have changed.
        
           | alex_suzuki wrote:
           | Why did they want to see your client list? Genuinely curious.
           | What a turn-off.
        
       | rdevsrex wrote:
       | I found my current job on Upwork, and after a couple of months we
       | moved to a direct arrangement. Not ideal, but it can work.
        
       | sam0x17 wrote:
       | Start an LLC. Now you're a company
        
       | chunk_waffle wrote:
       | Start a consulting company. There's no law against having a one
       | person company.
        
       | pythonbase wrote:
       | I have worked with several US & European companies as freelance /
       | outsourced resource. Had to sign some documents confirming that I
       | am not the resident of clients' countries. There were no issues
       | whatsoever in payments or anything else.
       | 
       | Maybe it is your tax status that's causing the issue. Have you
       | considered forming an LLC (or equivalent in your location) and
       | applying through it?
        
       | magicloop wrote:
       | The UK/IE market is skewed due to the legislation that
       | essentially ignores intermediaries and considers whether a
       | freelancer is under management supervision and control, in effect
       | an employee (using an unfavourable tax definition of such working
       | practices). The poison pill is the end hirer is passed liability
       | for ensuring the worker is classed properly for tax. The game
       | dynamics that result is that any large corporation cannot hire
       | freelancers directly anymore for 'knowledge worker' type jobs as
       | the taxman would just do a bulk audit and penalise in one go
       | (rather than in the old days of individually pursuing contractors
       | separately which is not scaleable).
       | 
       | So freelancing only is a reality if you just serve small
       | companies; e.g. do word press and web site updates for a bunch of
       | local businesses, and other ad hoc tech support type work. Big
       | money contracts with large corporations is all done via service
       | provider companies paying contractors through Umbrella or on
       | their payroll.
        
         | mixmastamyk wrote:
         | Interesting, wonder how this situation applies to the US? Some
         | states have similar laws. I know of one case where a contractor
         | that should be an employee is working ultimately for Uncle Sam
         | in such a state.
        
           | YuriNiyazov wrote:
           | Have you heard of California's AB5? Essentially destroyed the
           | freelancer/contractor market in CA.
        
             | OkayPhysicist wrote:
             | No it didn't. The contractor market is very much alive and
             | well in CA, and AB5 was an obvious clarification targeting
             | contractor-in-name-only type gigs. Of course the main
             | target of the bill, Uber/Lyft drivers ended up getting
             | shafted after the ignorant public passed prop 22, but a
             | software contractor/freelancer would have had no issues
             | passing the contractor vs. employee test specified in AB5.
        
             | dragonwriter wrote:
             | > Have you heard of California's AB5? Essentially destroyed
             | the freelancer/contractor market in CA.
             | 
             | AB5 (2019) added a bunch of _exceptions_ allowing
             | contractor designations to rules restricting designation of
             | employees as "contractors" resulting from the California
             | Supreme Court's application of pre-existing law; either the
             | _court decision_ "destroyed the freelance /contractor
             | market" or nothing did, since what AB5 did was _loosen_ the
             | rules.
        
               | mixmastamyk wrote:
               | Software contractors were not included in the exceptions
               | to my knowledge.
               | 
               | To address your sibling comment, you will have trouble if
               | the contractors work is directed, which it often is.
               | 
               | To address the grand parent, yes I'm aware of it and why
               | I made the post. The work continues in spite of the law.
               | Another wrinkle is Uncle Sam being the plaintiff. Should
               | ask on Lawyer News I guess.
               | 
               | (Am limited to a few comments per hour, so need to
               | conserve them.)
        
               | dragonwriter wrote:
               | > Software contractors were not included in the
               | exceptions to my knowledge.
               | 
               | Software contractors don't have their own special
               | exception, but would _often_ fall within the Business
               | Service Provider exception; some software contractoes
               | (web designers hired through referral agencies,
               | specifically) would fall into the exceptions for certain
               | workers hired through referral agencies.
               | 
               | And, of course, because of the Supremacy Clause, direct
               | relations with the federal government are not governed by
               | state labor laws, in any case.
        
           | petercooper wrote:
           | I imagine it's less of a pressing issue in the US. In the UK,
           | people who are sole traders/true freelancers don't have to
           | pay the same taxes that employers have to pay on salaries (a
           | class of 'national insurance', essentially a form of payroll
           | tax). In this way, sole traders/freelancers are sometimes
           | painted by the media as "avoiding tax" and the tax
           | authorities much prefer to get people in as employees where
           | possible as they raise more funds. In the US, I believe there
           | is a specific "self employment tax" to cover this problem, so
           | I imagine the IRS doesn't care as much.
        
       | yread wrote:
       | Why are you against platforms? They give both sides some trust.
       | 
       | I work with a few freelancers: a friend of mine, a guy i met on a
       | platform (and we decided it's not necessary to do follow up
       | business through that platform) and freelancers on a platform.
       | 
       | If I get a cold email no matter how warm and personal they're
       | trying to make it sound I'm assuming it's from someone who emails
       | 1000s of companies and the email goes to spam, even if I need
       | such service because spam shouldn't pay off.
        
         | wahnfrieden wrote:
         | Platforms take rent
        
           | yread wrote:
           | and provide value
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | jFriedensreich wrote:
       | i never heard the purpose of freelancing being free of middlemen,
       | its being free of a direct employee relationship and having a
       | middleman does not mean you have to be employed by them, only
       | that the contracts, accounting, invoicing, and payments go
       | through them. in my experience this is mostly a function of how
       | big the company is you want to work for, startups to mid size
       | companies are completely fine and possible to do directly as long
       | as you trust their payments be reliable, certain clients might
       | make sense to take the 10% to 20% cut just to not be in risk of
       | running after your money, but usually its better to just not work
       | with such clients. companies after maybe a few 100 employees and
       | 10+ freelancers don't want to deal with individual contracts and
       | outsource ramping up and down, freelance recruiting etc. at this
       | size they still pay so much more than small startups that
       | freelancers get a significant extra. the only exception i know
       | are absolute superstar consultants with an own brand around their
       | name, personal friendships to the relevant managers or niche
       | skills that are so specific that the agency they use cannot
       | provide them.
        
       | zackmorris wrote:
       | I freelanced periodically over the last 20 years or so, mostly a
       | decade ago doing mobile app dev when it was
       | elance.com/odesk.com/freelancer.com. Some observations:
       | 
       | 1) Each freelance service is uniquely terrible. Most are winner-
       | take-all, require excessive effort from both clients and
       | contractors to get onboarded, and push skills tests onto people
       | with years of experience. It looks like it all went to
       | upwork.com, which is fine, but a highly-consolidated service like
       | that will always cater to clients first, because they have the
       | money.
       | 
       | 2) Freelancing is the antithesis of setting boundaries. Being an
       | army of one is hard. Each client adds perhaps a 10% chance of you
       | getting called with an emergency months or years down the road.
       | For business types who thrive on sales, that creates a wealth of
       | new opportunities. But for maker types who just want to do
       | important work, the feeling of obligation can quickly become
       | overwhelming.
       | 
       | 3) Incentives work against both client and contractor. Clients
       | are willing to pay 3-4 times more for some kind of guarantee that
       | their vision will be realized. Contractors are willing to charge
       | 3-4 times less than the going rate to achieve some semblance of
       | autonomy. These are both contrary to what economics teaches. The
       | result is a race to the bottom on price with increasing
       | marginalization of the contractor's time. The client goes broke
       | over multiple attempts while the contractor becomes an
       | irreplaceable.. commodity.
       | 
       | The market is so saturated now that it's hard to see how things
       | could get better. Then again, google was once the dominant search
       | engine that could never be dethroned. So here are some ways to
       | fix the above dysfunctions, respectively:
       | 
       | 1) Contractor-first freelancing. Joining dev teams or getting
       | added to existing contracts should be frictionless. Less vetting,
       | more letting track records speak for themselves. Better ways of
       | breaking down projects into smaller, easily completable subtasks.
       | 
       | 2) Anonymous by default. Direct lines of contact are opt-in only.
       | Middlemen would be other contractors performing matchmaking
       | duties, never gatekeeping.
       | 
       | 3) Freelancers choose clients (opportunistic matchmaking). Rather
       | than appealing to the sensibilities of the client, who is
       | generally nontechnical, contractors would look for work that's
       | most appealing to them. Completing task A results in payment B,
       | period. No more waiting around for negotiation or money to
       | transfer to bank accounts, just get real work done now and get
       | paid immediately.
       | 
       | I've barely scratched the tip of the iceberg here. Personally,
       | most of the paying work I do revolves around fixing other
       | people's mistakes that I would never make. Psychologically, that
       | takes a toll. It trains the mind to see problems rather than
       | solutions, gradually wearing away one's creativity and
       | motivation. To the point where I've had a gaming PC and Unity all
       | set up and ready to go for years now, but when I go to turn it on
       | to make something to earn a little residual income, I get so
       | demoralized that I just turn it off in disgust. Competition has
       | gotten too fierce. Quality of life is suffering as a consequence.
       | Maybe that's just me.
       | 
       | Anyway, most of the really great contracts in my life have come
       | from dumb luck. The first gig with my old partner came from
       | hanging up flyers with tear-off contact info at the bottom around
       | the local college. I worked at an agency I loved for 4 years
       | because of a Craigslist ad. Right now I'm contracting for someone
       | who found me on a local tech Slack for my city. It kinda stinks
       | to be at the whim of serendipity, but truthfully that's the stuff
       | that life is made of. You just gotta put yourself out there and
       | keep a positive attitude and take what comes along. Just don't
       | let yourself get taken advantage of early on like I did. Learn to
       | communicate and set boundaries before getting burned out
       | (exploited).
       | 
       |  _So the question remains - is there any real freelancing still
       | on? (I 'm not talking platforms here - I wouldn't go there for
       | several reasons)._
       | 
       | Sorry I just saw that after writing this, but I agree with you,
       | so I'll go ahead and post this to illustrate what some of those
       | reasons are, for me.
        
       | JEDI-HACKER wrote:
       | Consider them as a Union, Lawyer, and a Agent.
        
       | listenfaster wrote:
       | One approach that works: offer your time to those in need for
       | free. Your natural talent (and time management) will present
       | itself without financial strings attached. Those people you help
       | turn into potential clients and word-of-mouth advertising for
       | your abilities. It's networking 101, but in my experience the
       | most fruitful path to freelance consulting, advising startups,
       | part time or moonlighting work that balances against a full time
       | gig, etc.
        
       | Demonsult wrote:
       | USA. I planned on freelancing my whole career. The cost of health
       | insurance ended that about 15 years ago.
        
       | ramphastidae wrote:
       | What incentive do these companies have to circumvent their
       | standard hiring procedures for you? I freelanced for nearly a
       | decade. My guess is that they're just not that interested in you.
       | If you bring something valuable to the table, they will go out of
       | their way to hire you as a freelancer directly on your terms. If
       | you go to them and say "hire me, except FYI I'm working on my own
       | time, schedule, and fee structure" but don't bring much much more
       | to the table than their FT folks, why should they?
        
       | j16sdiz wrote:
       | I know many freelancer own their one-person-company just for the
       | tax / contact purpose. The overhead is quite low, and you don't
       | need a middle-man
        
       | everyone wrote:
       | I think it's like any job (or practically everything in life).
       | It's about who you know.
       | 
       | I'm a game dev who's been freelancing for years. All the work
       | I've done has been through friends and acquaintances and people
       | I've met at industry events n stuff.
        
       | azov wrote:
       | How is it in California/Bay Area? Anyone still does 1099
       | directly? What do you do for one-off short term gigs? Form an LLC
       | with all the fees and paperwork that entails? Give a cut to a
       | middleman?
        
       | qikInNdOutReply wrote:
       | They want to avoid you having personal relationships, which could
       | transfer into you working around accounting, resulting in good
       | offers and fair prices. What they want for you is to be the
       | lowest bidder, with no horse directly in the company you run
       | with.
        
       | StreamBright wrote:
       | It is like buying Oracle or IBM. Companies really like to hire
       | companies like Tata. Why? Because managers are like this. I don't
       | have a better explanation. Best advise I got for you is to find a
       | 3rd party (or couple of 3rd parties) that have good clients. It
       | worked out very well for me. Working with 5 of these and I have a
       | continuous stream of consulting work.
        
       | ejb999 wrote:
       | You'll find almost no big companies are going to deal directly
       | with a one person shop. I used to be able to do it all the time,
       | now they a) don't want the hassle of dealing with a 1-person
       | company, and 2) they don't want the risk of having you
       | reclassified as an employee after they have been paying you as a
       | contractor - you can thank the IRS (in the USA) for that one.
        
         | giancarlostoro wrote:
         | > they don't want the risk of having you reclassified as an
         | employee after they have been paying you as a contractor - you
         | can thank the IRS (in the USA) for that one.
         | 
         | Can you or anyone who knows provide more context about this? I
         | had no idea this was a thing, how recently did this become a
         | thing?
        
           | jabroni_salad wrote:
           | https://www.irs.gov/businesses/small-businesses-self-
           | employe...
           | 
           | It's always been a thing, but it's been a very high profile
           | thing when it turned out "ride share" apps actually had a lot
           | more control over the drivers than they should have.
           | 
           | Look up "permatemps" and you will see articles going back
           | decades about companies using contractors that are actually
           | some other company's w2 employees.
        
       | swader999 wrote:
       | Go through the third party still but ask for flow through rate.
       | This typically is ballpark about 5%. Whenever I find the work or
       | it finds me without the help of a recruiter I demand this.
        
       | psiops wrote:
       | This is my experience too in the Netherlands. I do sporadically
       | hear stories of people initially being hired through a recruiter,
       | then leaving, then coming back as a true freelancer. It's a sad
       | state of affairs because these recruiters add very limited value.
       | They basically try to match every freelancer with every position
       | and leave all but the most basic filtering to the recruiting
       | process. All while extracting a hefty percentage, often for the
       | whole duration of the contract. Supply-demand matching could be
       | done more effectively through a web application, but recruiters
       | seem to be thoroughly entrenched.
        
       | tengwar2 wrote:
       | IR35. This is a UK-specific problem. I can't speak about the
       | Republic. HMRC (the tax office) has a rule that was intended to
       | stop people gaining the tax advantages of being self-employed
       | while actually being permanently employed on repeating contracts.
       | Over the years it has expanded in scope, and a change a few years
       | back meant that the company employing a freelance was responsible
       | for determining if they were actually self-employed or not. If
       | they are later found to have wrongly determined that someone was
       | self-employed, they are responsible for the back income tax. This
       | pushes them heavily in to passing on the responsibility to
       | someone else, in this case the middleman company. There are other
       | complications, but that's the basic story. And no, setting up
       | your own personal services company is not a solution.
        
       | tqwhite wrote:
       | One: I freelance and have for my whole career. However, I work
       | for small companies. I have largely supported myself that way for
       | a long, long time. Companies that are twenty or thirty million
       | bucks need software. They do not have the 'only work with corps'
       | mentality.
       | 
       | Two: Get yourself an LLC anyway. I recently had a tax situation
       | that requires incorporating. I'm kicking myself up and down.
       | There are meaningful tax benefits to using one. Also, it creates
       | a 'corporate veil'. In principle, a true freelance can be sued
       | over the work that is done. If a corporation is involved, you
       | can't. Creating an LLC with a small town accountant costs a few
       | hundred dollars and is easy.
        
         | azov wrote:
         | Depends on where you are. California LLCs are at least $800/yr
         | and AFAIK don't give you much of a veil.
        
       | dbjacobs wrote:
       | California's AB-5 [1] is one issue. It basically says the
       | independent contractors that are working on your core business
       | are employees not independent contractors. This makes California
       | companies very hesitant to use one person shops.
       | 
       | [1] - https://www.ftb.ca.gov/file/business/industries/worker-
       | class...
        
       | darod wrote:
       | I've heard the issue in the US historically has been tax related.
       | Some freelancers didn't pay their taxes and the government went
       | after the hiring company. Also business insurance is another line
       | item that certain freelancers never invested in and companies
       | seem to want to have that from all their vendors. Get a LLC /
       | S-Corp if you're serious about wanting to freelance
        
         | lowercased wrote:
         | I had a company insist I carry employer practice liability
         | insurance (epli, iirc). If my employees sexually harass
         | someone, or get fired, there may be lawsuits, and epli will
         | supposedly cover this.
         | 
         | I'm a single person company. I have no employees. More than a
         | couple insurance brokers I contacted said "we don't have anyone
         | who will write an EPLI policy unless you have employees".
         | 
         | Contracting company was insistent I had to have it. But... if I
         | didn't want to get it, I could w2 through them. I bought the
         | insurance anyway (expensive, though I've since found cheaper
         | options for it). I had done w2 through them before and ... I'd
         | forgotten how much taxes get withheld - months without having
         | access to my money or ability to pay my own taxes. And... they
         | messed up some paperwork filing a year before which took ... my
         | own time/money to correct.
        
         | richiebful1 wrote:
         | The benefits of an LLC are already worth the paperwork, so I
         | highly recommend this to anyone with a significant amount of
         | income outside of traditional employment.
        
           | mixmastamyk wrote:
           | What are the other benefits?
        
       | justinbaker84 wrote:
       | I've been a freelance marketer (I do google ads) for 8 years now.
       | The thing that made all the difference for me was building a good
       | website for myself and then buying google ads on keywords that
       | indicate people are looking for somebody like me.
       | 
       | I have gotten all my clients that way.
        
         | intrasight wrote:
         | This is the key. People aren't looking for "freelancers". They
         | are looking for solutions. If you are a "company" offering a
         | "solution" to their problem, they will pay you for your
         | solution.
        
       | notahacker wrote:
       | Suspect it's more a case of "we're not interested in your
       | unsolicited offer" than any absolute refusal to contract with
       | individuals (or Ltd company representing an individual) ever.
       | Companies aren't exactly short of people contacting them offering
       | them development or marketing work
        
       | fxtentacle wrote:
       | DE and US are pretty open to just hiring people directly as
       | consultants. Must be an UK thing.
        
         | rqtwteye wrote:
         | When I did freelance all big US companies forced me to go
         | through an "approved vendor". Most of them offered only W2 and
         | would take a huge 30% or more cut. In the end I found one
         | vendor that only took a 3% cut and otherwise left me alone. I
         | think for the big companies it just makes accounting easier if
         | they go through less vendors.
        
         | danielh wrote:
         | From my experience in DE, it depends on the company size.
         | Larger enterprises probably will go through an agency, probably
         | to (try to) cover themselves against accusations of false self-
         | employment (Scheinselbststandigkeit).
         | 
         | Anecdotally, the two contracts I had through agencies were
         | still the most lucrative financially, despite the middleman
         | taking a hefty cut, simply because large enterprise pay higher
         | rates.
        
         | jagermo wrote:
         | Even in DE, there are issues around "Scheinselbststandigkeit"
         | if you don't have a UG or something. Most companies prefer to
         | work with other companies, even if those have just one
         | employee.
        
       | caseysoftware wrote:
       | In the US, the correct answer is to create an LLC and contract
       | through that. It simplifies the tax relationship and reinforces
       | the distinction between contractor and employee. But the LLC
       | needs to have more than a paper existence. You need to have a
       | separate bank account and bigger contracts/companies may require
       | "errors & omissions" insurance but that's later down the road.
       | 
       | I'm not sure what the UK/IE equivalent is but I'd recommend
       | looking into it.
        
       | jnovek wrote:
       | There are plenty of gigs out there but finding them when you're
       | first starting out is difficult.
       | 
       | I've freelanced about half of my career and ~80% of my gigs have
       | come through my network. Sometimes I'm referred by friends and
       | acquaintances and sometimes by people I've done work for in the
       | past.
       | 
       | I've grabbed a few off of the monthly HN "who's hiring" thread,
       | there are often a ton of freelance gigs in there.
       | 
       | I work primarily in startups, though, so YMMV at larger
       | organizations.
       | 
       | If you have questions, feel free to E-Mail me.
        
       | JamesSwift wrote:
       | I cant speak to europe, but in the US yes you can freelance
       | still. It helps to setup an LLC to work under for various
       | reasons, and it takes a lot of time to build out your network,
       | but theres definitely enough work to go around in terms of
       | agencies vs independents.
        
       | kypro wrote:
       | I'm a UK contractor. I'm going to use the word contracting
       | henceforth, but feel free to swap it our for freelancing or
       | consulting, or whatever you think sounds better.
       | 
       | Most companies will want you contracting through a limited
       | company in the UK. The main reason for this is so that the client
       | can sue you if you screw something up. You'll also notice that
       | most companies will ask you have business insurance as well, this
       | again is so that in the event they need to sue you, you're fully
       | covered for it.
       | 
       | The other reason you might need to contract through a limited
       | company or an "umbrella company" these days is because of IR35
       | regulations. Basically employers can now get screwed by HMRC if
       | they're paying people as contractors who are working in effect as
       | employees. The reason for this regulation is that it's more tax
       | efficient for both you and the client if you work as contractor
       | as you can claim expenses, they don't need to worry about paying
       | you severance / sick pay / etc, and both you and your employer
       | don't need to pay NI contributions on your salary. As you might
       | imagine the government would prefer only the wealthy had access
       | to such privileges so they introduced IR35.
       | 
       | In effect this now means it's too risky for a company to pay an
       | individual for an extended period of time without ensuring things
       | are done correctly. IR35 basically gives companies two options:
       | 1, pay a company for work with no hard requirements on who does
       | the work, the time they do the work, or where they do the work -
       | this is an "outside IR35 contract" and this will require you set
       | up a LLC to contract through. Or 2, pay an umbrella company for
       | the work and that umbrella company will employ you so you can get
       | screwed by the taxman in the same way everyone else does without
       | the benefits of a real employment contract (it's lose, lose) -
       | this is an "inside IR35 contract".
       | 
       | On top of this, companies will often have contracts with
       | recruitment agencies allowing that agency to be the sole
       | recruiter for said company. This means even if they're willing to
       | risk paying you for your services without going through all the
       | IR35 nonsense, they contractually can't because they have
       | agreements in place with recruitment agencies preventing it. I've
       | personally ran into this issue when a client I was contracting
       | for changed their preferred recruitment agency and I was unable
       | to continue contracting with the client without the client first
       | paying off my recruiter due to a non-solicitation clause.
       | 
       | If you want a company to pay you directly (as a self-employed
       | sole trader) you would probably need them to pay you for a
       | product and not for your labour, because if they're paying for
       | labour they need to go through all the regulatory hoops.
       | 
       | Imo there's very little reason to be a contractor in the UK
       | anymore. With all the extra tax headaches, the government
       | constantly finding new ways to screw you and job insecurity, it's
       | honestly not worth it.
        
       | hkgjjgjfjfjfjf wrote:
       | [dead]
        
       | chadlavi wrote:
       | In the US most freelancers have their own LLC and technically
       | that company is contracted and pays them as an employee to do the
       | work. Not sure what the equivalent in UK is, but that's maybe
       | what these companies are looking for?
       | 
       | TLDR be your own third party/middleman
        
         | blamazon wrote:
         | I've seen this in the U.S. in the corporate world -- I.e. Look
         | at the third party company they want you to use, and copy what
         | it does to your own LLC. If you can make your LLC appear to be
         | a larger entity than it actually is, (e.g. perhaps hire a
         | virtualized assistant service to answer calls) all the better.
         | It's sort of a compatibility layer.
        
         | Doctor_Fegg wrote:
         | It's a limited company in the UK and yes, it's absolutely
         | standard practice for freelancers to set one up.
        
       | jabroni_salad wrote:
       | death by paperwork. The reason they are doing this is to minimize
       | paperwork. i.e. only having to pay a bill to a single entity
       | instead of dozens.
        
       | JonChesterfield wrote:
       | UK has some misc panic around IR35 still.
       | 
       | I found companies were much more willing to be invoiced by a
       | limited company than by an individual, though setting up and
       | maintaining that company is a hassle.
        
         | marcus_holmes wrote:
         | This is the reason.
         | 
         | If they contract with a freelancer directly, and that
         | freelancer has no other gigs, then the freelancer will be
         | considered as another employee for tax, benefits and liability
         | purposes.
         | 
         | If they contract a freelancer from a consulting company, the
         | consulting company takes the employment burden.
         | 
         | You can get around this by creating your own company, but there
         | are lots of complications for it.
         | 
         | I'm not sure if they still exist (been a while since I did
         | this) but you used to be able to join an "umbrella company"[0]
         | which was set up and managed by an accountancy firm and
         | employed a small number of contractors/freelancers, which
         | worked well.
         | 
         | [1] https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umbrella_company
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | It's doubly ironic as IR35 is specifically designed to ignore
         | limited companies etc and force people into "employee" status
         | despite them...
        
         | TamDenholm wrote:
         | To be clear, in the UK, setting up a Ltd company is incredibly
         | simple and easy to maintain.
         | 
         | It costs PS12 and takes about 20min to create. Then you get a
         | bank account with startling/monzo which is very simple (easier
         | than high st banks). All tax is done online which again is
         | fairly simple. Sign up for freeagent (or another accounting
         | package) and just keep on top of your accounts. When it comes
         | to filing your annual accounts and confirmation statement,
         | again its all incredibly simple and can be done yourself
         | without the need for an accountant as you'll qualify for mico-
         | entity accounts and freeagent handles it for you. Or you can
         | pay roughly PS1200-PS1500/yr to an accountant and have them do
         | it for you.
         | 
         | Its honestly not hard at all, happy to answer anyones questions
         | on the matter.
        
           | ajb wrote:
           | That doesn't help with IR35, as the law looks at the
           | practical situation of the individual and not the formal
           | situation to determine if they are really an employee.
        
             | TheOtherHobbes wrote:
             | Basic tests for IR35:
             | 
             | https://www.brooksonfaq.co.uk/knowledge-base/what-are-the-
             | ir...
             | 
             | It's obviously a minefield, especially substitution. If
             | you're being hired for specific niche in-demand skills, why
             | should you be expected to provide someone else?
             | 
             | What seems to happen in practice is the Revenue
             | occasionally has a spasm and decided to investigate a
             | selection of freelancers. This ends with a lot of
             | confusion, plus various tribunals and court cases, because
             | the reality is _not clear_ and many freelance situations
             | can be argued either way.
             | 
             | The simplest option - not infallible, but very helpful - is
             | to have multiple clients and work mostly from home on
             | fairly short projects. That makes it very hard to argue
             | that you're an employee.
             | 
             | If you're on-prem and exclusive for an extended period for
             | a set number of hours, supervised by management and using
             | equipment supplied by the employer, it gets much harder to
             | convince a court that you're genuinely freelancing.
        
             | TamDenholm wrote:
             | And as long as you're running a proper business with
             | multiple clients, your own equipment, your own hours, etc,
             | then you dont fall foul of IR35. If you are however
             | basically being treated the same as a PAYE employee would,
             | 1 client, their office, their equipment, their hours, their
             | conditions, etc, then you're dodging tax and thats the
             | point of IR35.
        
               | Silhouette wrote:
               | As long as you're running a proper business you _shouldn
               | 't_ fall foul of IR35. Sadly that won't stop a lot of
               | risk-averse large clients insisting on paying you through
               | an umbrella company. And it won't stop many other clients
               | from insisting on money-costing and time-wasting IR35
               | assessments so they can take out insurance policies. And
               | even if you don't have any of that to deal with it won't
               | make you feel any better if HMRC decide for any reason to
               | launch an IR35 investigation that will eat a shocking
               | amount of your time and money even if you are eventually
               | found to have done absolutely nothing wrong. All of this
               | risk has a chilling effect on this whole sector of the
               | economy.
               | 
               | Even if they're determined to keep IR35 the government
               | could at least clarify their intent for people like
               | contractors who work with a single client but for a
               | limited time. Right now I have the sense from my own
               | network that there are a lot of games being played in
               | that sector to try and avoid being caught by IR35 because
               | no-one really knows if they're supposed to be. If the
               | government wants to charge people who are working as
               | flexible labour through a PSC the same taxes as permanent
               | employees then they should at least be honest about it
               | and accept responsibility if that flexible workforce then
               | shrinks and economic damage results. Or if they want to
               | incentivise the flexible workforce then they should give
               | clear guidance on how long is considered to still be
               | "temporary" and won't be treated as disguised employment
               | (even though the "employee" probably lacks any of the job
               | security and benefits of a real employee as most
               | contractors do) to remove the risk for many genuine
               | short-term workers and increase the efficiency of the
               | contracting market.
        
           | ghostwriter wrote:
           | What are the ramifictions of a company that hasn't earned
           | during a tax year? Are you still expected to pay anything at
           | the end of the tax year (at least in terms of a salary to
           | yourself)?
        
             | pjc50 wrote:
             | You're not required to pay yourself anything in particular.
             | If you do, then you have to pay NICs and tax; you may
             | _want_ to pay NICs even if you 're not earning for tedious
             | pension reasons, but that's not specific to the company
             | structure.
             | 
             | You still have to file accounts even if that's just one
             | page of "income 0 outgoing 0", for which there is a charge
             | of PS13. https://informi.co.uk/business-
             | administration/filing-your-an...
        
             | TamDenholm wrote:
             | What pjc50 is correct, but might help to be more specific.
             | If you literally mean its had 0 revenue and 0 expenses,
             | then its basically a dormant company and you can file so.
             | 
             | However, if you've ran the company in previous years, even
             | if you've taken a year off and had 0 incoming revenue, you
             | may have other taxes to pay. There wouldnt be any
             | corporation tax as theres no profit, but you may have some
             | very small expenses like bank fees, maintenance of servers,
             | subscriptions, etc that might be left over. So you wouldnt
             | be dormant, you'd be a loss making company, but still
             | active.
             | 
             | If you had a big chunk of money in the biz bank account and
             | still paid yourself, there would be taxes on that, both on
             | the company and personal side depending on how you paid
             | yourself.
             | 
             | I wouldnt recommend setting up a Ltd company to literally
             | do nothing with it though, 0 revenue and 0 expenses, you're
             | not really benefitting for any reason.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | Can you do that as a foreigner (to the UK)?
        
             | dejv wrote:
             | Yes, but opening UK bank account is not that easy without
             | your presence there.
        
           | LemmyInThePub wrote:
           | > Or you can pay roughly PS1200-PS1500/yr to an accountant
           | and have them do it for you.
           | 
           | Any half decent accountant will probably be able to SAVE you
           | more than this; mainly by optimising your tax affairs
           | (assuming you have a modest turnover).
           | 
           | It's money well spent.
        
       | Baeocystin wrote:
       | I live off of consulting with small businesses. The sweet spot is
       | any company large enough to have regular, ongoing IT/Data needs,
       | but not large enough to have a full-time staff dedicated to the
       | role. This conveniently means that I also work directly with the
       | owners and decision makers, which cuts out a tremendous amount of
       | friction. I don't make as much as someone at a FAANG by a long
       | shot. But I am not starving, either, and I have much more control
       | over my day to day, which is a valuable tradeoff for me.
       | 
       | The tl;dr is you need to focus on smaller businesses first. There
       | is plenty of opportunity there.
        
       | mandeepj wrote:
       | "No. We cannot hire freelancers directly. You must go through a
       | third company (consulting firm/body shop) which we work with."
       | 
       | I was told the same. Try reaching out to smaller companies or
       | find a connection either with executives or who can introduce you
       | to them.
        
       | santoshalper wrote:
       | Mostly it's a way for their HR team to have fewer vendors to deal
       | with. That means less administrative overhead and potential risk
       | compliance issues for them to deal with. I agree, as a worker, it
       | sucks.
        
       | disgruntledphd2 wrote:
       | > "No. We cannot hire freelancers directly. You must go through a
       | third company (consulting firm/body shop) which we work with."
       | 
       | But why the heck would I even consider doing that? The whole
       | point of freelancing (at least IMO) is being _free_ from the
       | middlemen.
       | 
       | So(at least in Ireland, where I'm based) this is an issue with
       | the taxation authority. I'm currently fake contracting (company
       | has no EU based entity), but the reason that they generally want
       | a legal entity is to ensure that all your tax gets paid, as
       | otherwise the company can be held liable for the unpaid tax.
       | 
       | I currently work with fenero.ie, and pay them 130 per month
       | (which comes off pre-tax income) to use an umbrella company which
       | deals with accounts, registration and taxation for me.
       | 
       | I _think_ that you could set up a company yourself, but if you're
       | just getting started I'd recommend using a middleman for now.
       | 
       | I think the body-shop approach through a middleman is where most
       | people start, but figuring out how and when to move on from that
       | is trickier.
        
       | jghn wrote:
       | A former employer had to comply with a variety of federal hiring
       | compliance rules. Any contractor they hired _also_ had to comply
       | with these rules. Thus we could only hire contractors from pre-
       | vetted contracting companies as it was seen to be too much risk
       | otherwise.
       | 
       | Exceptions were made for very unique skillsets, but unless one is
       | in the range of several K/hr, it is unlikely they'd fall in that
       | bucket.
        
       | janetacarr wrote:
       | I hear this from companies that are 1) too big to bother with or
       | 2) do not want to hire an external person.
       | 
       | In the first case, the client has some workforce deficiency, and,
       | if they're a tech company, they're probably hiring this
       | "middleman" to temporarily scale. Once this happens, they've
       | probably had tons of billable hours extracted from them, get
       | sour, and swear off contractors, or double down because of sunk
       | cost / devil you know. These are complex sales deals, even for
       | experience service business, I'd avoid.
       | 
       | In the second case, it's just an excuse, and I think it falls
       | into a category of similar excuses ("We don't have the time to
       | spec work", "We don't want to work with someone new to
       | freelancing", etc etc) and almost always these people either want
       | an employee, or a someone to boss around, not results. Also best
       | to avoid.
       | 
       | My guess is you're new to qualifying leads, and it's really hard
       | when you start, so keep trying. Chances are you'll be tapping
       | your professional network for leads, or pitching strangers if you
       | happen to get on a call with them via cold email. I wrote a
       | guide, based on my experiences, to closing deals here:
       | https://www.indiehackers.com/post/crush-it-stop-it-profit-th...
       | (sorry for the self-promo). This can work for a while, maybe get
       | your first recurring clients. After a few sales calls for
       | clients, You may realize getting leads to come to you is best, or
       | at minimum people should have a reason to answer your emails like
       | having some kind of branding or marketing, so start writing,
       | coding, tweeting, or whatever regularly to get attention. Keep at
       | it. It's hard work.
       | 
       | You already dislike middlemen, so I don't have to give you spiel.
       | While I don't like it either, people have kickstarted successful
       | freelancing businesses by using them temporarily. My first
       | freelance gig was with a consultancy as a sub-contractor, of
       | course I got fired after two weeks, but it gave me the hunger to
       | find more clients and find my niche to pursue. I'm still
       | freelancing/consulting after two years.
       | 
       | On top of everything, you will fuck up, and that's okay, so give
       | yourself some breathing room financially and mentally.
       | 
       | If you have any questions about freelancing/consulting, I'd be
       | happy to try and answer them.
       | 
       | Btw, I looked into IR35 regulation, and _I 'm not a
       | lawyer/barrister/esquire and this is not legal advice_, but the
       | IR35 regulation people keep talking about in this thread is very
       | similar to the contractor self-employed definition in US/Canada,
       | so i think that is a load of bull shit too. You might have to
       | jump right to fixed rate work then so you do not qualify as "Off-
       | payroll Worker". UK government has a cute little tool for
       | determining this: https://www.tax.service.gov.uk/check-
       | employment-status-for-t...
        
       | ajb wrote:
       | This might be related to the legal change for IR35, which is
       | intended to prevent companies pretending that their employees are
       | freelancers and thus making their situation more precarious
       | against their interest. A bunch of companies got the wind up
       | about the legal and tax liability and so are dealing with
       | contractors in a more restrictive way. Others are still using
       | contractors and just need to make sure that the legal situation
       | is clear.
       | 
       | Have a look at https://www.gov.uk/guidance/check-employment-
       | status-for-tax
        
       | dmd149 wrote:
       | I started off as a soloist in the government contracting space
       | which is a bit of a different beast.
       | 
       | But, I would focus on business development efforts where you have
       | a good existing relationship with the customer and if possible,
       | the person who had enough pull to make the admin weenies and
       | middle management bring you on.
       | 
       | In government consulting, that would be the program manager for
       | the contractor.
       | 
       | I'd also focus my efforts on companies that have previously
       | brought on independent consultants. In your case maybe web
       | development agencies. They will take a cut, but you can use that
       | to get relationships with the end clients too.
       | 
       | You might want to do a little business admin like form an LLC and
       | such but prioritize getting leverage via relationship building
       | with potential clients and identifying companies that you know
       | work with soloists.
       | 
       | If you happen to get in the government contracting world I wrote
       | a book on the topic. A few people who are not I. The industry
       | have found it useful for general freelancing/consulting advice as
       | well.
       | 
       | https://1099fedhub.com/
        
       | logicalmonster wrote:
       | I can't quite tell if companies you're trying to work with are
       | locked into some exclusive provider contract with a firm or not,
       | in which case there might be no way for you to work directly with
       | them.
       | 
       | But you might have better luck approaching companies as a
       | consulting firm rather than a freelancer.
       | 
       | Create a website for yourself to use for business as a small
       | consulting firm.
       | 
       | Then approach the same companies offering the same exact service:
       | you instantly seem more credible.
       | 
       | Make it clear if asked that you're not the freelancer. In fact,
       | you can tell them you have a pool of expert freelancers and
       | consultants ready to go for their own projects.
        
         | llampx wrote:
         | Where does it go from marketing to lying?
        
           | Smeevy wrote:
           | As soon as you're saying something that isn't true.
           | 
           | The guidance to "present yourself as bigger than you are"
           | isn't bad, but it's not going to take any adult long to
           | figure out that the same guy who responds to technical
           | questions is the same one who submits invoices and receives
           | tax paperwork.
           | 
           | That sort of "fake it 'til you make it" manipulation is part
           | of the value that these middlemen provide. The hiring company
           | gets a disposable individual contributor and the middleman
           | puts up with silliness like what's described here.
           | 
           | If someone lied to get your business then you can be
           | confident that they'll lie to keep it.
        
           | cwillu wrote:
           | "Make it clear if asked that you're not the freelancer" is
           | that point.
           | 
           | I'm not sure if it even crosses over to fraud: "Material
           | Misrepresentation means an act of intentional hiding or
           | fabrication of a material fact which, if known to the other
           | party, could have terminated, or significantly altered the
           | basis of a contract, deal, or transaction."
        
             | logicalmonster wrote:
             | > "Make it clear if asked that you're not the freelancer"
             | is that point.
             | 
             | What's the actual difference between a freelancer and a
             | consultant?
             | 
             | If you call yourself a freelancer, you're a freelancer.
             | 
             | If you call yourself a consultant, you're a consultant.
             | 
             | You're not a freelancer by virtue of you labeling yourself
             | as a consultant.
             | 
             | How is it a lie to say you're not a freelancer if you're
             | calling yourself a consultant?
        
               | cwillu wrote:
               | There's a difference between deciding whether you're a
               | consultant or a freelancer today, and deciding that
               | you're an agency of multiple people trust me bro I'm not
               | even the freelancer that might be assigned.
        
               | logicalmonster wrote:
               | How is it a lie to, if asked, say that you have access to
               | a pool of consultants and freelancers? Is this not true?
               | 
               | It might be a lie if you say "I've worked with them 20
               | times before and trust them with my life and they're all
               | currently on my payroll" but that's not what I suggested
               | to say.
        
               | cwillu wrote:
               | You can argue how many grains of sand make a pile, but
               | that vagueness doesn't mean that one grain is a pile,
               | especially when you _know_ and are _banking_ on the other
               | party not sharing that meaning.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > In fact, you can tell them you have a pool of expert
         | freelancers and consultants ready to go for their own projects.
         | 
         | Don't lie. There's no need for this one, anyway. If your
         | company presents as professional and competent, people will
         | assume this. What you need is for your company to get a couple
         | of initial gigs, and to get permission from the clients to
         | mention them in marketing efforts. (That's the hard part, and
         | it can take time if you're starting from zero. But it's only
         | hard at the very start.)
         | 
         | Then do that. Potential customers aren't thinking "I wonder if
         | they have a staff", they're thinking "I wonder if they can do
         | the job properly". Being able to point to prior happy customers
         | goes a long, long way.
        
           | logicalmonster wrote:
           | It's not a lie unless you word your statement very poorly.
           | 
           | You have the exact same access as other consulting firms to
           | 3rd party websites to find freelancers, if needed.
           | 
           | Do you know what these firms often do? They take any paid
           | jobs they can get even without having the staff in place to
           | do a project. If they need extra help, they scramble to find
           | people at the last minute.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | > It's not a lie unless you word your statement very
             | poorly.
             | 
             | It is entirely possible to lie without uttering a single
             | statement that is technically untrue.
        
         | kmoser wrote:
         | Most companies don't care whether your company has one employee
         | (you) or a million. So it doesn't matter whether you call
         | yourself a freelancer or a consultant or a contractor or
         | anything else. What matters to them is whether the entity they
         | will be contracting with is a person or a company.
         | 
         | And as others have pointed out, this is usually for tax
         | reasons: if the company contracts with an individual, the
         | company is more likely to be viewed by the IRS (at least in the
         | US) as your employer, and are thus subject to paying
         | unemployment and payroll taxes.
        
       | AndrewKemendo wrote:
       | I've done a ton of freelancing with US companies over the last
       | decade (I'm in the US) and have literally never had anyone ask
       | for this.
        
       | badpun wrote:
       | The bigger companies don't want to deal with freelancers
       | directly. It's too much work to vet every freelancer's company,
       | go over the contract etc. That's why they buy freelancers in bulk
       | from their list of approved middlemen companies, such as
       | Manpower. Startups, on the other hand, usually hire firelancers
       | directly - they're too small to have a streamlined, heavy
       | procurement process in place yet.
        
       | rossdavidh wrote:
       | I don't know the reason in UK/IE, but in the US sometimes they
       | want me to have at least an LLC so that it is clear legally that
       | they are not just pretending I'm a contractor in order to avoid
       | labor rules. If it's a contract between companies, even if one of
       | them is a company of one (me), that satisfies their legal
       | department that I won't come back in a year or two and say "hey,
       | I was actually an employee and you owe me stock options that you
       | gave to other employees", or whatever.
       | 
       | So, I have an LLC, and if the company wants to use that, they do.
       | Not everybody requires it, but I notice that the ones with a
       | legal department are more likely to.
       | 
       | Not saying that's the issue in UK/IE, but it may be something
       | analogous. To prove (to them and the gov't) that you're actually
       | a freelancer, perhaps you need to make your own company? IANAL,
       | just an idea to check into.
        
       | chasing wrote:
       | Just create a company for yourself.
       | 
       | When that sort of situation arose for me, it seemed mostly just
       | that companies I wanted to work with weren't really set up to
       | handle individual freelancers. They weren't trying to scam me or
       | let their buddies skim off the top. So, I made an S-Corp. Haven't
       | had a problem since.
       | 
       | Also makes it easier to do stuff like get project insurance,
       | which some clients have also required. It's not expensive or
       | time-consuming, you just have to jump through the hoops the
       | bureaucracy wants you to jump through sometimes. And if that
       | makes you uncomfortable, then you don't have to go after or take
       | those kinds of gigs.
        
         | EvanAnderson wrote:
         | The "have a company" route isn't necessarily a magic bullet if
         | you're not working with multiple clients.
         | 
         | One of our clients (a Fortune 1000 company) had a program to
         | weed out mis-classified contractors (individuals who really
         | should have been employees). They demanded proof our LLC wasn't
         | just contracting with them. It wasn't a problem for us,
         | fortunately, but the one-man shop w/ a single client might not
         | have fared as well. (It's also unclear to me why somebody would
         | do that, but that's another topic...)
        
           | r3trohack3r wrote:
           | This. I run a sole proprietorship LLC for platform
           | engineering consulting services.
           | 
           | I've had CA companies give me a hard "no" until they learned
           | I was incorporated in AZ, living in AZ, and that a majority
           | of the work would be performed remotely from AZ.
           | 
           | As I understand it (second hand from these companies) they
           | open themselves up to liability under California labor law if
           | it's later determined that contracting/consulting work was
           | "misclassified" and "should have been employment."
           | 
           | I don't personally know the reason for this, or what the
           | liability is, but it seems like some companies are worried
           | about having consultants/contractors later reclassified as
           | employees. Me being in AZ has been the turning point for
           | closing contracts though.
        
             | lazyasciiart wrote:
             | The liability is that it's tax fraud.
             | https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/770-contract-vs-
             | employees-...
        
               | bdw5204 wrote:
               | The 1099-NEC form you receive instead of a W-2 for
               | contractor income even has instructions for how to report
               | your employer to the IRS if you think you've been
               | misclassified as a contractor instead of an employee. I'm
               | sure the IRS carefully investigates all such reports to
               | secure every single penny Uncle Sam is owed in back taxes
               | and penalties.
        
             | tonnydourado wrote:
             | This kind of law exists because companies coerce people
             | into becoming "freelancers", so the company doesn't have to
             | pay benefits and can fire them at will, but then ask the
             | "freelancer" to come to the office everyday, clock in and
             | out in time, wear a badge, work 40h week, etc.
             | 
             | So lawmakers crack down on that, but law is a blunt
             | instrument, and other valid situations can get more
             | complicated.
             | 
             | But believe me, those laws are created 100% because
             | companies abuse the concept of contractor.
        
               | r3trohack3r wrote:
               | I believe you.
               | 
               | I don't have a stake in it. I'm not in CA and it doesn't
               | appear to impact me doing business with CA companies.
               | 
               | I imagine it's a bummer for anyone trying to make their
               | own way on their own terms in that state though. It might
               | just be an unintended consequence, or maybe it doesn't
               | impact CA sole-proprietorships at all if they know the
               | magic words to say or the right contracts to provide. Or
               | perhaps it's not as big of a deal as it sounded when they
               | told me.
               | 
               | Just sharing my experience and saying I'm glad I live in
               | AZ based on my limited knowledge.
        
           | detaro wrote:
           | > _It 's also unclear to me why somebody would do that,_
           | 
           | Because if you "contract" someone and they are later found to
           | not qualify as that you can be forced to retroactively treat
           | them as employees (e.g. pay their health/social insurance,
           | fix your tax reporting about them, ...), it might be counted
           | as tax evasion, ... Details about what exactly the rules are
           | that need to be met vary by jurisdiction obviously.
        
         | brightball wrote:
         | Same. I have a personal S-Corp and haven't ever had an issue.
        
         | rukuu001 wrote:
         | Yes, this is the logical next step.
         | 
         | Yes insurance.
         | 
         | You might need to present some kind of documentation about risk
         | management and security policy. But not always.
         | 
         | Some orgs will balk at bringing a new supplier on, but if
         | you're dealing with a capable operator they'll find a way to
         | get it done (ie tick right boxes without getting actual
         | procurement involved)
         | 
         | Good luck, it's worth it!
        
         | benjaminwootton wrote:
         | It is not a silver bullet. Most big companies (the ones with
         | the big budgets) will not want to onboard a new supplier if
         | they can avoid it.
         | 
         | Though clients tend to overestimate it, it takes a lot of time,
         | legals, resources etc to get a company successfully onboarded.
         | 
         | And (in response to the OP) in the unlikely circumstance that
         | you do, 9 times out of 10 you will be signing their paperwork
         | apart from minor redlines.
        
           | ModernMech wrote:
           | Indeed, I contracted with a company that wanted me to get
           | some insane professional liability insurance, which would
           | have cost a huge chunk of what they were willing to pay me. I
           | told them sure, but I'd have to charge more due to the
           | increased overhead, and then they relented. Point is it could
           | have gone the other way, where they just said thanks but no
           | thanks.
           | 
           | Then it did in fact take a long time to get onboarded, to the
           | point where I didn't even have repo access for half of the
           | contract. The experience wasn't great, and I doubt this
           | company will do the same again.
        
             | Scubabear68 wrote:
             | In the US, usually most established companies want a $1
             | million pro liability insurance policy, which should only
             | cost a few hundred dollars a year (certainly we'll under
             | $1k).
             | 
             | Startups..vary quite a bit.
        
             | newaccount74 wrote:
             | My experience with business customers is that they often
             | have lots of tedious requirements for vendors that
             | disappear as soon as you tell them that they cost 2000EUR.
        
         | systems_glitch wrote:
         | Went the LLC route, got professional insurance (megabux of
         | insurance is actually not that expensive), those two tick most
         | of the boxes for most potential clients. Individual experiences
         | will vary of course, and there are totally folks out there who
         | want to kick their friend's middleman business everything they
         | can.
        
           | moralestapia wrote:
           | >got professional insurance
           | 
           | Can you recommend some companies that do this?
           | 
           | Edit: Oh wow, I just made an online quote and it comes down
           | to about $500/year. Dirt cheap for having peace of mind.
        
             | csomar wrote:
             | Check the policy terms.
        
           | Scubabear68 wrote:
           | Same here, single person LLC awhile back.
           | 
           | The big advantage of this route is you have much wider
           | discretion to define your salary, business expenses, what you
           | can claim on taxes, etc. It was really eye opening to me what
           | the accounting possibilities are.
           | 
           | The downside is you need an accountant (or be very good at it
           | yourself), and of course you need steady clients.
        
             | sokoloff wrote:
             | Indeed. Scubabear _the employee_ is still limited to the
             | same 401(k) contribution limits as everyone else, but
             | Scubabear _the employer LLC_ can have some very generous
             | employer contributions for all of their employees (which
             | happens to be just the one).
        
               | therealdrag0 wrote:
               | It's so annoying that that sort of thing isn't available
               | to everyone. Similar for mega back door Roth IRA. Which
               | my partners work supports but mine doesn't. Iirc being
               | able to back door or not was something like 175k dollars
               | over 30 years.
        
       | bilsbie wrote:
       | What's stopping you from forming your own "body shop"
       | corporation?
        
       | r3trohack3r wrote:
       | I've not had this experience in the U.S. I'm a platform engineer
       | providing consulting services. Folks have said they see a clear
       | ROI on my services and I haven't experienced a shortage of
       | customers yet, certainly nobody turning me away because of my
       | sole proprietorship LLC. Freelancing appears to be alive and well
       | here.
       | 
       | Sometimes my "employer of record" is a 3rd party strictly for
       | their administrative services. In these cases the company I'm
       | consulting for isn't setup to pay consultants and offloads the
       | legal and administrative work to a 3rd party. But other than the
       | name on the check, the experience has been the same for me and
       | I've negotiated the statement of work and contracts directly with
       | a member of the hiring company, the employer of record just
       | verifies everything is on the up-and-up.
       | 
       | From my understanding this isn't true everywhere in the U.S.
       | though. I've been told by a few clients that California and a few
       | other states have locked down contracting. From my understanding
       | a contractor can be a liability in those states because the work
       | performed can be reclassified as "employment" down the road. Not
       | sure if this just results in fines, backpay, or lawsuits, but
       | I've had many CA companies flat out tell me "no" until they
       | learned I was incorporated and living in AZ. This is all second
       | hand though - I just know me being in AZ has been the turning
       | point in closing contracts with CA companies.
        
       | ravagat wrote:
       | Lots of already good answers (get an llc/incorporate). To answer
       | your question, yes there is still freelancing going on! But you
       | should know and understand that the atmosphere and general (as a
       | business) outlook towards freelancing has largely turned sour
       | over the last 15+(?) years with the rise of the gig economy and
       | the increase in remote freelancers from ALL over the world.
       | 
       | From your story, I think you're best bet is to incorporate and do
       | work under a company name to freelance, yes its ironic in a way
       | but the game is the game and guess what? That's the game you'll
       | have to play in this day and age. Plus not even mentioning the
       | numerous benefits to incorporation (although I speak as a US-
       | centric). Anyway good luck! No better time to freelance tbh
        
       | dheera wrote:
       | > You must go through a third company
       | 
       | Pardon me if I'm ignorant about the situation, but could this
       | simply mean that they just want a business entity and not an
       | individual? It makes it easier for them since they don't need to
       | deal with verifying your employment eligibility, issue you 1099s,
       | IRS reporting, worrying about hiring discrimination lawsuits, gig
       | worker lawsuits, and all that mess. Paying a company for services
       | doesn't require anything other than wiring money and getting a
       | receipt from that company.
       | 
       | Figuring out the expense record-keeping and tax stuff becomes
       | your responsibility (rightly so).
       | 
       | If this is the case, you can register a LLC and be a 1-person
       | business, and that would solve their problem.
        
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