[HN Gopher] FOSS could be an unintended victim of EU crusade to ...
       ___________________________________________________________________
        
       FOSS could be an unintended victim of EU crusade to make software
       more secure
        
       Author : JoachimS
       Score  : 120 points
       Date   : 2023-02-10 12:54 UTC (10 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.theregister.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.theregister.com)
        
       | bee_rider wrote:
       | > The CRA draft even exempts FOSS from compliance - but only if
       | no commercial use is made of it, including things like technical
       | support and as part of monetized services.
       | 
       | This seems sort of reasonable. If you charge for tech support,
       | you have a business. I'm all for not making it harder for people
       | who are actually just sharing their hobby projects, but a project
       | that makes money isn't a hobby anymore.
       | 
       | I mean we wouldn't want to leave a gap large enough to send
       | Android through, right?
        
         | api wrote:
         | Would this create a way for FOSS projects to charge SaaS
         | companies for monetized use of software by offering a compliant
         | version?
         | 
         | Could be an unintended side benefit given that as it stands
         | FOSS is basically free labor for SaaS with the latter
         | delivering a user experience that is significantly less open
         | and free than the old closed source paradigm FOSS intended to
         | replace.
         | 
         | FOSS + SaaS = less freedom than old closed source.
        
           | JohnFen wrote:
           | SaaS by itself is a total disaster on that front.
        
         | okl wrote:
         | I guess companies that run mirrors, for example distro repos,
         | would fall under that definition too. What about donations and
         | not-for-profit orgs?
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | This is a good question. I'd hope that just hosting a free
           | repo wouldn't confer responsibility.
           | 
           | Another thing I'm wondering about is academic code.
           | Hypothetically the code I wrote for my thesis is available
           | online and I was paid to write it, I guess, or at least it is
           | part of the research I was given a stipend to do. (Happily,
           | it has nothing to do with security!).
           | 
           | Nobody is making any money off it. Hypothetically it could be
           | seen as something that is there to add (very marginal!) value
           | to my resume or to the university by showing off research
           | chops... I dunno. If we had a law like this in the US, I
           | wonder if it could stay up. I guess universities would end up
           | with an additional CYA administrative step before posting
           | code, and a big disclaimer in all their licenses.
        
         | BlueTemplar wrote:
         | Why are there no reminders here about the difference between
         | open source and free (= libre) software ?
         | 
         | It's specifically an important feature of libre software that
         | others are free to resell or to make money from support of your
         | own software : this is seen as a good thing because
         | distribution (and support) are not free for the distributor
         | (though I guess much less relevant in a world with widespread
         | high speed Internet and peer to peer distribution software ?)
         | (and supporter).
        
           | amalcon wrote:
           | That's not a fundamental feature of open source, or a
           | fundamental restriction of free software. E.g the GPL is
           | approved by OSI, and the MIT license is approved by the FSF.
           | 
           | The distinction is really much more about philosophical
           | objectives and marketing than it is about anything material.
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | >Why are there no reminders here about the difference between
           | open source and free (= libre) software
           | 
           | Because there isn't a difference.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | Well, there is a difference. Open source software includes
             | certain things that may not be included in libre software,
             | such as access to source code, customer participation in
             | development, etc.
        
               | ghaff wrote:
               | Open source can be different from "free as in beer" but
               | certainly not different other than as a
               | philosophical/marketing thing from "free as in freedom"
               | as the FSF uses the libre term.
               | 
               | I may generally prefer permissive licenses but I
               | certainly don't see how the GPL, for example, doesn't
               | enable access to source code--though it may sometimes
               | discourage participation in development.
        
           | simiones wrote:
           | Why is this relevant in this context? The question is which
           | entity should be liable for abiding by this regulation, and
           | the clear intention is that the answer is the one that
           | Stallman himself would agree with: responsibility should sit
           | entirely with whoever is distributing the software and making
           | money off of it.
        
         | JohnFen wrote:
         | > a project that makes money isn't a hobby anymore
         | 
         | It all depends. There are plenty of people who have hobbies and
         | engage in some sort of low-level commerce in order to fund
         | them. They aren't intending to profit by them (and don't), but
         | are looking to reduce their loss.
        
         | dathinab wrote:
         | The problem is it's not a suply chain in the classical sense.
         | 
         | If you directly or indirectly (support contracts) sell some
         | software sure it should apply, but the regulation isn't well
         | defined (in it's draft state) and includes much more.
         | 
         | A lot of FOSS is based around the idea:
         | 
         | - provide software components as FOSS on a as is-basis,
         | components you do not sell directly or indirectly but plan to
         | use, or used, or planed to use until things changed etc.
         | 
         | - the consumer of the software (other programmers/companies)
         | are expected to do _their own_ risk assessment, reviews etc. IF
         | they decide to use the software (but only if, i.e. not needed
         | for prototyping)
         | 
         | - if they use the software (hopefully) you get feedback from
         | their review and assessment leading to bug fixes and
         | improvements
         | 
         | - in some cases projects are evaluated by enough other parties
         | that not everyone needs to do their risk assessment
         | 
         | - you don't make profit from the release, but you do get
         | feedback which could safe cost and do get publicity and trust,
         | so it has a commercial benefit so it's commercial in a certain
         | way
         | 
         | Now you probably can already spot the problem, in many cases
         | companies do _not_ do their do due diligence in reviewing
         | software and blindly assume "someone" did it.
         | 
         | So an regulating which requires you to have made sure that
         | someone did due diligence for all software you include in a
         | product, including SaaS(!) is reasonable IMHO.
         | 
         | But because the regulation is based on the concepts/ideas of a
         | physical supply chain it is instead requiring anyone which is
         | publishing software components (instead of using them) to do
         | the due diligence if it's commercial. But due to OSS leading to
         | feedback, publicity and trust _ANY_ OSS done by a company can
         | be classified as "commercial", even if it's a tech demo
         | explicitly not meant to be used in production or a early pre-
         | pre-pre release version.
         | 
         | Another problem is the definition of what I called due
         | diligence but to comment on that I had to read the draft again.
         | 
         | So IMHO the problem is not the regulation by itself, it might
         | even make OSS better, but the exact formulation which either
         | show a deep missing understanding of software development or
         | bribed politicians, probably a bit of both. Ah I mean lobby
         | influence politicians, it's practically the same, but not
         | legally so better clarify that.
         | 
         | EDIT: I.e. a lot of OSS software is more like sharing
         | (potential prototype) technical blue prints in an informal
         | shared development/research agreements then it is selling
         | "parts" in a supply chain.
        
           | bee_rider wrote:
           | The data sheets for an electronic part will usually have some
           | example applications included, I wonder what the legal
           | framework around those is.
        
         | Kon-Peki wrote:
         | Exactly. If you want to be useful, help refine the
         | "monetization" definitions. Don't try to kill the whole
         | legislation.
         | 
         | The Register appears to have bought into the FUD being spewed
         | by a bunch of people being paid a lot of money to run "non-
         | profits".
        
           | littleraincloud wrote:
           | The main risk I see is that every web host using Apache or
           | Nginx will be required to handle certification on their own.
           | 
           | Businesses like Litesspeed can sell their product as a
           | certified one and sell that as a feature.
        
             | simiones wrote:
             | But isn't this normal?
             | 
             | If I am distributing a product based on Linux, it is my job
             | to ensure that I use Linux in a secure way, to the extent
             | required by contracts between me and my customers, and by
             | local regulations. I can either take on this work myself,
             | or pay IBM RedHat or SUSE or whoever else to take on some
             | of the responsibility.
             | 
             | How else would this work?
        
               | dathinab wrote:
               | There is a difference between due diligence and required
               | certification.
               | 
               | Using a "standard" kernel, keeping it up to date, etc. is
               | due diligence but WAY cheaper and easier to do then any
               | form of certification.
               | 
               | Software certification especially wrt. to security is and
               | always has been a mostly a scam.
               | 
               | It also is a _major_ driving factor(1) for insecure
               | software not getting fixed. Because it's "certified" but
               | the security fix is not. (1: in certain industries)
        
               | bee_rider wrote:
               | Due diligence is relative to the industry. I agree that
               | having a reasonably up to date and boring kernel, and
               | keeping updated, is the best we can do now. But there's
               | something defective in the industry, if there wasn't,
               | then we could apply industry standards to produce a fully
               | understood and certified device that is actually known to
               | be free of defects.
        
         | abbe98 wrote:
         | > This seems sort of reasonable. If you charge for tech
         | support, you have a business. I'm all for not making it harder
         | for people who are actually just sharing their hobby projects,
         | but a project that makes money isn't a hobby anymore.
         | 
         | With the current writing it might be that a distributor
         | different from the commercial entity might be liable for
         | vulnerabilities and reporting.
         | 
         | https://blog.sonatype.com/eu-cyber-resilience-act-good-for-s...
        
           | ghaff wrote:
           | Furthermore, as the author of the Sonatype piece told me last
           | fall, it also goes beyond the upstream project and any
           | distributor. In the case of a lot of vulnerabilities, the
           | fixes have existed in the upstream for maybe a year or more.
           | But they're still in downstream code that has never been
           | updated.
        
           | 908B64B197 wrote:
           | I'm always impressed at how little European regulators seem
           | to understand tech (and at how little they want a healthy
           | tech sector to grow in Europe, preferring American and
           | Chinese alternatives).
           | 
           | To me it sounds like the "software is delivered as is" clause
           | would nullify that.
        
             | JohnFen wrote:
             | But there are huge problems with "as is" clauses, and in
             | the US anyway, they aren't always enforceable. If I sell a
             | doohicky that I know is likely to kill people, slapping an
             | "as-is" clause on it probably won't keep me out of jail.
        
               | 908B64B197 wrote:
               | In the case of OSS libraries and open-source
               | distributors, there's no sale happening.
               | 
               | What I see emerging is a dual license system where you
               | can buy a supported version that's compliant with
               | whatever European law or get the one hosted on an
               | American mirror (where thankfully European law doesn't
               | apply).
        
               | JohnFen wrote:
               | > In the case of OSS libraries and open-source
               | distributors, there's no sale happening.
               | 
               | True. I should have said "distribute". But the point
               | holds.
        
       | cm2187 wrote:
       | > _The European Union has a commendable love for the safety of
       | its citizens. Armed with the keys to a market of 300 million of
       | the world 's richest consumers_
       | 
       | More like 450m
        
       | oaiey wrote:
       | When I introduce a product to users I have to take care of its
       | post-market cybersecurity. This is healthcare reality for years
       | and now comes to all products.
       | 
       | The interesting here is: What is a product? Most open source is
       | not. The millions of libraries are not products. A product
       | accumulates the various aspects (cybersecurity, license, ....)
       | into a package. If I buy the software from a vendor I will make
       | him responsible for it. If I hack it together on my self, this
       | duty is on me.
       | 
       | Open Source will survive that. But open source owners will get
       | tons of questions and should be better be prepared to answer
       | questions. GitLab and GitHub are already working on the consumer
       | side with their security analysis features.
        
         | weinzierl wrote:
         | > _" But open source owners will get tons of questions and
         | should be better be prepared to answer questions."_
         | 
         | ...for appropriate pay.
        
           | oaiey wrote:
           | Ideally
        
             | 908B64B197 wrote:
             | Not ideally. Without a support contract they should,
             | rightfully so, ignore these support requests.
        
         | tensor wrote:
         | But the rub is that open source owners have no actual
         | obligation to you. So while you might want them to be "prepared
         | with answers" they don't actually need to be. Some will want to
         | be because they want their software to be used and up-to-date.
         | But others have likely shelved their software, or just don't
         | care to solve your security problems for you but will accept a
         | patch if you provide one.
        
           | karmicthreat wrote:
           | And its literally what developers that are taking open source
           | software and using it to sell something need to understand.
           | The sellers are adding that value and taking that risk. If I
           | go to the store, buy some wood, build a shelf from the wood
           | and sell the shelf. Then it burns my customers house down,
           | its on me not Home Depot.
        
           | est31 wrote:
           | That's where OSS companies like Suse or RedHat come in: they
           | do provide support for their distributions. And, unlike
           | Amazon, they also employ many maintainers and if they don't
           | employ them, they sometimes submit patches to upstream so are
           | good OSS citizens.
        
           | oaiey wrote:
           | That is all fair. The premise is the article headline that
           | open source or Foss is dead. An open source software no one
           | can use is a dead software. So the success of a Foss software
           | might not only depend on functional aspects in Future but
           | also on non functional aspects like the Cybersecurity
           | management.
           | 
           | And do not think that this influence will not happen. There
           | are reason why the non functional requirement licensing has
           | switched to MIT from previously more LGPL constructs.
           | 
           | Having said all that... Yes, no one is obligated to answer.
        
       | mikewarot wrote:
       | Security is the job of the operating system, not applications.
       | The seK4 kernel makes it possible to build operating systems that
       | actually enforce security, rather than hope applications do the
       | right thing.
       | 
       | If this push isn't stopped... we'll all be taking a crash course
       | on microkernels and the principle of least privilege. (A long
       | overdue crash course, but that's my opinion, and not widely
       | shared)
        
       | eternityforest wrote:
       | So far, world cybersecurity has been good enough. In an average
       | year, if you ask 100 people what problems they experienced, data
       | breach related issues are not going to dominate the list.
       | 
       | While I'm generally a big fan of heavy regulation, there's just
       | so much tech that doesn't matter, that we just use to make other
       | things that don't matter easier.
       | 
       | I would much rather see the regulation confined to domain
       | specific things, stuff that directly deals with finances, life
       | safety, industrial, etc.
        
       | vaylian wrote:
       | What I find interesting in this context: Most FOSS licenses have
       | a no-warranty and no fitness for any purpose clause:
       | 
       | GPL 3: there is no warranty for the program, to the extent
       | permitted by applicable law. except when otherwise stated in
       | writing the copyright holders and/or other parties provide the
       | program "as is" without warranty of any kind, ...
       | 
       | BSD-3-Clause: this software is provided by the author ``as is''
       | and any express or implied warranties, including, but not limited
       | to, ...
       | 
       | Apache 1.1: this software is provided ``as is'' and any expressed
       | or implied * warranties, ...
       | 
       | Which means that the liability lies entirely with the user if
       | they use the software for something critical.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | Depending on the jurisdiction, courts might strike down or
         | ignore parts of a license. On the other hand, you might not
         | care what a court says, depending on your travel plans.
        
       | aheliocentric wrote:
       | One of the main guys behind Maven Central guy did a thing on
       | this: https://blog.sonatype.com/eu-cyber-resilience-act-good-
       | for-s...
        
         | hodgesrm wrote:
         | This was a very thoughtful article. Thanks for posting.
        
         | nindalf wrote:
         | Great article.
         | 
         | TFA this thread is based on is low quality. It's breathless in
         | its criticism of the legislation but uses hyperbole instead of
         | calmly laying out the issues.
         | 
         | The Maven Central guy puts it plainly - the proposed
         | legislation doesn't penalise OSS developers, unless they
         | distribute software they also get a commercial benefit from.
         | But that describes the operator of Maven Central, who publishes
         | software and has some commercial interests tied to it. However
         | they cannot possibly take on liability for every published
         | package. In that case they would be left with no choice but to
         | block EU users.
        
           | account42 wrote:
           | Having to profit from the software isn't neccessarily that
           | big of a caveat either depending on what precise wording that
           | ends up in the law. Do donations count? What if you accept a
           | bug bounty? How about a one time contract to implement a
           | minor feature? Monetizing OSS is already hard enough that
           | having to deal with compliance even for (money wise) tiny
           | projects will make it impossible for many more.
        
       | RobotToaster wrote:
       | Calling it "unintended" is making a lot of assumptions.
        
         | GTP wrote:
         | So we should assume that it is intended?
        
           | throw_m239339 wrote:
           | > So we should assume that it is intended?
           | 
           | Regulatory capture. It's very much intended by whoever really
           | drafted that bill.
        
           | AdrianB1 wrote:
           | EU regulators are not shy of ignoring side-effects, so
           | intention is not likely but negligence is widespread. EU
           | loves to regulate even for the sake or regulating; it was
           | even listed as one of the reasons listed behind Brexit, even
           | if that is a completely different story.
        
             | dathinab wrote:
             | A lot of the "reasons for Brexit" turned out to be well
             | spread misinformation if you looked closer into them or
             | where cause by UK government instead of the EU so that a
             | pretty stupid argument to bring up.
        
             | imtringued wrote:
             | This is one of the things that the UK could have simply
             | vetoed on.
        
               | blibble wrote:
               | not true, this is an EU competency so is under Qualified
               | Majority Voting rules
        
             | simiones wrote:
             | > EU loves to regulate even for the sake or regulating; it
             | was even listed as one of the reasons listed behind Brexit,
             | even if that is a completely different story.
             | 
             | Some proof of that would be nice. The phrase "it was even
             | listed as one of the reasons for Brexit" sends my personal
             | prior in the direction of it being a lie, though I am quite
             | willing to adjust if there is some evidence.
        
               | vaylian wrote:
               | I'm also skeptical. Most EU laws take a very long time to
               | be negotiated, because different countries bring forward
               | different needs/desires. But I do think it is hard for
               | the average citizen to notice that there is a new law
               | being drafted that could have bad consequences for one's
               | personal life circumstances.
        
           | rjzzleep wrote:
           | Remember when the CDU politicians celebrated when they
           | successfully lobbied for upload filters for their publisher
           | friends in the EU? Why should not assume that its
           | intended?Plenty of McKinsey consultants around to make sure
           | governments don't use too much FOSS to keep paying those nice
           | license fees to MS.
        
             | GTP wrote:
             | >Plenty of McKinsey consultants around to make sure
             | governments don't use too much FOSS to keep paying those
             | nice license fees to MS.
             | 
             | Maybe, but remember that Ursula von der Leyen herself has
             | been advocating for a while for EU's "digital sovereignty"
             | (not having to depend on products and services form non-EU
             | countries) and the easiest way to achieve that would be to
             | heavily rely on FOSS.
        
               | account42 wrote:
               | > and the easiest way to achieve that would be to heavily
               | rely on FOSS.
               | 
               | But is it also the most profitable way for politicians.
        
             | BlueTemplar wrote:
             | Notably, for that there are tiers depending on the number
             | of users or revenue.
        
           | RobotToaster wrote:
           | I'm saying we shouldn't assume either way. So we shouldn't
           | rule out it being intentional.
        
         | wazoox wrote:
         | Yep. I remember back in 2003 when I wrote a personal letter to
         | all EU MPs to ask them to reject software patents. Software
         | patents enforcement would have been terrible for EU software
         | and a boon for the rich US software company who constantly
         | lobby the EU parliament...
         | 
         | Well, I'm pretty sure that these same US software companies are
         | still there lobbying in their own interest, in a complete
         | absence of transparency.
        
       | christkv wrote:
       | Will we have to change licenses to exclude use in the EU?
        
       | ocdtrekkie wrote:
       | This is, as per usual, big companies trying to scare you into
       | believing regulations meant for them will hurt the little guys.
       | Learn to recognize this news pattern and disregard it
       | immediately.
       | 
       | The EU is probably the leading body of government trying to drive
       | FOSS adoption.
        
         | msla wrote:
         | > This is, as per usual, big companies trying to scare you into
         | believing regulations meant for them will hurt the little guys.
         | 
         | Except those regulations hurt the little guys more than the big
         | companies.
         | 
         | Even if the big companies can't buy their way out of
         | compliance, compliance inherently costs less for them and
         | regulatory bodies are more willing to work with a big company
         | than a small group of hobbyists, leading to the big company
         | being able to follow the law with nary a hiccup whereas the
         | hobbyists get destroyed by zealous enforcement.
        
           | ocdtrekkie wrote:
           | This isn't true for a myriad of reasons. Smaller
           | organizations are usually inherently more compliant, their
           | smaller scale makes it far easier and cheaper for them to
           | become compliant, and enforcement agencies are less
           | interested in investing significantly in enforcement actions
           | against them.
        
             | jessaustin wrote:
             | _...their smaller scale makes it far easier and cheaper for
             | them to become compliant..._
             | 
             | This is often somewhat true. However, as I have observed in
             | several USA contexts, large organizations are often
             | exempted (whether explicitly or not) from pesky new
             | regulations, citing this very point. For example, I
             | personally attended a California PUC meeting in which VZN
             | and SBC were exempted from "lifeline" regulations that
             | continued to be imposed (with nonzero costs) on the small
             | CLEC that employed me. Large organizations have to keep
             | lawyers and lobbyists employed, so they might as well keep
             | them busy. Creating regulations and exempting themselves is
             | common practice.
             | 
             | Perhaps things work differently in Europe.
        
               | hyperman1 wrote:
               | In Europe, small companies tend to be exempted. E.g. no
               | GDPR data protection officer required when less than 250
               | people in the company. 10, 50 and 100 are also personnel
               | counts seen on a regular base.
               | 
               | In practice, a lot of companies stop growing just below
               | the limit, and e.g. split in parts that have supplier
               | relations to each other. No, we don't have 2000
               | employees. We are a group of 200 companies, owned by the
               | same owners, and having 10 employees each.
        
               | rightbyte wrote:
               | Having 200 boards can't be more cost effective than not
               | hiring one data protection officer, right? Even two
               | boards has to be more expensive.
        
       | jakeogh wrote:
       | "Unintended"? No... it's the whole point.
        
       | nivenkos wrote:
       | Just to help shore up old institutional corporations like SAP,
       | etc.
       | 
       | The EU is basically an association for German business owners and
       | landowners. Happy to impede technological progress if it serves
       | their interests.
        
         | GTP wrote:
         | > The EU is basically an association for German business owners
         | and landowners. Happy to impede technological progress if it
         | serves their interests.
         | 
         | That's not true at all, and I don't see which interest there
         | would be in hampering FOSS development.
        
           | [deleted]
        
           | leonardp wrote:
           | Their interests are money and power, so this should be pretty
           | self explanatory.
        
         | TEP_Kim_Il_Sung wrote:
         | That's not true; The EU is also an association of French,
         | BeNeLux business owners and royalty playing politics.
        
         | mkl95 wrote:
         | The way the remote job market is being flooded by American
         | companies proves your point. EU companies do not even try to
         | compete with them, with a few exceptions.
        
           | ergonaught wrote:
           | Probably shouldn't oversimplify it. Ex: I'm in the USA and
           | every company I've worked for in the past 20 years was remote
           | work and based in Europe. They opened American offices to
           | make some things easier here, but They Came From Europe
           | (ooohhh spoooooky).
        
             | [deleted]
        
       | pjmlp wrote:
       | Well, that is the thing, I am free to offer food on the street,
       | yet I am suject to the same kind of health regulations as any
       | kind of restaurant.
       | 
       | Same applies to any kind of business.
       | 
       | Why should FOSS be any different?
       | 
       | Maybe this is the culmination of the bazaar idea after all,
       | including quickly stuffing the products back into a bag and
       | running away from the law enforcement official between the crowd,
       | by not having either a license or the expected quality.
        
         | DasIch wrote:
         | > Why should FOSS be any different?
         | 
         | Because it's not a business. Health regulations for restaurants
         | also don't apply to your kitchen at home, even if you are
         | inviting friends for dinner.
        
           | izacus wrote:
           | And if FOSS is not a business, it's excluded from this
           | regulation as well.
           | 
           | If you make business with said FOSS you need to provide
           | security just like how a food truck making food from open
           | recipes has to make sure to not poison people either.
        
             | bioemerl wrote:
             | What if I provide it for free and a business starts using
             | it?
        
               | hyperman1 wrote:
               | What if you give self baked cookies to a restaurant
               | owner, and he sells them? Then the commercial entity
               | assumes the risks and is supposed to safety check them.
        
           | pjmlp wrote:
           | They surely apply if they happen to get food poisoning and
           | sue you afterwards.
        
             | yfr7ryfhh wrote:
             | Shockingly it's actually the fact you gave them food
             | poisoning that decides that one. But I wouldn't be
             | surprised if the Europeans thought that in need of fixing
             | too.
        
               | pjmlp wrote:
               | It means that you haven't taken the proper care to
               | prevent it from happening in first place.
        
               | account42 wrote:
               | There is a difference between being held accountable if
               | your negligence ends up hurting someone vs. proactive
               | audits and reporting requirements - the second has
               | overhead even for those that already have high standards,
               | overhead that is unreasonable outside a business setting.
        
               | watwut wrote:
               | Proactive audit system seems to be better one to me. It
               | is more predictable - you know in advance which rules you
               | are supposed to follow. It also allows for widely
               | accepted risk standard know in advance to both customers
               | and providers.
               | 
               | The "do what you want and we will punish you hard if luck
               | strikes badly" is less predictable. It has unfair
               | results. It leads to both excessive risk avoidance
               | (because if you are unlucky punishment is
               | disproportionate) and risk taking customer is unable to
               | proactively avoid.
        
         | meltyness wrote:
         | It's more like berries.
         | 
         | Holly bushes grow berries that you shouldn't eat.
         | 
         | Should government destroy all holly bushes? No. All berries?
         | Certainly not.
         | 
         | Speech is a natural right and software is speech, so it can't
         | be meaningfully viewed any other way, unless you're mindlessly
         | parroting representative government deliberations.
        
         | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
         | Here in New Mexico, there's a whole class of food preparation
         | (specifically, involving food that does not need refrigeration
         | to stay "safe" for a specified time period) that is _NOT_
         | subject to the same kind of health regulations as a restaurant.
         | 
         | It's one of the smartest laws I've seen in this area. Want to
         | run a small coffee shack with some cakes, cookies etc? No need
         | for a certified kitchen, "fully trained" cook, etc. The only
         | thing you have to do is take a course that helps differentiate
         | between refrigeration-required and no-refrigeration required
         | food.
         | 
         | Interesting to think how this model would apply in the software
         | context...
        
           | watwut wrote:
           | Restaurant regulations in EU do not mandate any special
           | education for cooks. Also I don't know what you mean by
           | "certified kitchen", it is not really a thing. There are
           | regulations around handling and storing food, ventilation and
           | what not in EU countries.
           | 
           | And those do apply to small stands and full kitchens. But if
           | you want to claim they are unreasonable, then you should
           | argue by existing ones rather then made up ones.
        
             | PaulDavisThe1st wrote:
             | In the USA, to prepare food for commercial purposes, you
             | generally need to have a kitchen that has been inspected
             | and permitted for such things. You cannot, for example, use
             | your own home kitchen (this varies by state, but that's
             | generally true). Some states require training courses for
             | all users of these kitchens (and some do not). Some require
             | that the kitchen can only be used when someone trained is
             | present.
             | 
             | I did not make anything up. The New Mexico law I mentioned
             | went into effect only a few years ago. Before that, it
             | would be illegal to, for example, bake a cake in your home
             | kitchen and offer it for sale. This is no longer the case.
        
         | bee_rider wrote:
         | It should be different because software is different from
         | physics objects like food, it works differently and people
         | interact with it differently.
         | 
         | Imagine you were making cookies for your friends, and Nabisco
         | happened to get one of the cookies somehow. Should you be
         | responsible if they decide to use the ability, conferred from
         | having one cookie, to create an infinite number of copies of
         | that cookie (without checking it for defects or even really
         | investigating it much) and start selling them across the
         | country? I'd say probably not. But our legal framework doesn't
         | cover it, because physical objects don't work like that, unlike
         | software.
         | 
         | We could also look at software as more like a recipe. If
         | Nabisco decided to copy my cookie recipe, they'd unambiguous be
         | responsible for checking it and making sure it wasn't actually
         | poisonous. We also have cook books, I guess if you put a
         | poisonous recipe in a cookbook you'd have some responsibility.
         | But this is all manageable because cooking recipes are pretty
         | short and easy enough to verify, and the foot-guns of the
         | hobbyist cooking field are mostly well known.
         | 
         | A closer recipe analogy is probably -- Nabisco probably gets
         | their bulk supplies from a network of suppliers, who have to
         | manage things like contamination levels and fitness for a given
         | purpose. But now we're hitting the point where the analogy is
         | at least as complicated as the software supply network; I'm
         | sure there are lots of shared responsibilities and regulations
         | in that network, and it is all professionalized and for-profit.
        
       | davidgrenier wrote:
       | How is this take? Free and Open Source Software isn't owned by
       | anyone.
       | 
       | Being a contributor, even to my own pet project, cannot compel me
       | to contribute my valuable time to the project in ways that I do
       | not so chose. And you can't compel me either to spend my money to
       | hire some third party security firm to audit this code that isn't
       | owned by me or anyone.
       | 
       | If some third party wants to compile this un-owned piece of code
       | and sell it to another, the onus is on them to comply with
       | security regulations.
        
       | jcarrano wrote:
       | A lot of of questions...
       | 
       | It is whether, for companies that offer paid support for FOSS,
       | the obligations are towards the paying customers or all.
       | 
       | The same with FOSS which is used as a basis for commercial
       | products. E.g. Google makes money off Android, but is AOSP with
       | no Google stuff also covered by this law?
       | 
       | And how does it affect companies providing support for software
       | they do not own? (e.g. consultancies).
        
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