[HN Gopher] Known Unknowables
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       Known Unknowables
        
       Author : diodorus
       Score  : 44 points
       Date   : 2023-02-05 21:03 UTC (1 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (aeon.co)
 (TXT) w3m dump (aeon.co)
        
       | piva00 wrote:
       | A book that I really enjoyed on the same topic was "The Outer
       | Limits of Reason" by Noson Yanofsky [0].
       | 
       | [0] https://www.goodreads.com/book/show/17841838-the-outer-
       | limit...
        
       | O__________O wrote:
       | TLDR: "Since different things affect us differently, there is no
       | way to know what the existing things are like independent of any
       | human perception."
       | 
       | ____________
       | 
       | Related physics topics on known unknowable true state of the
       | universe:
       | 
       | - https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Schrodinger%27s_cat
       | 
       | - https://wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement_problem
       | 
       | ____________
       | 
       | Related, but not cited quote: "Reports that say that something
       | hasn't happened are always interesting to me, because as we know,
       | there are known knowns; there are things we know we know. We also
       | know there are known unknowns; that is to say we know there are
       | some things we do not know. But there are also unknown unknowns--
       | the ones we don't know we don't know. And if one looks throughout
       | the history of our country and other free countries, it is the
       | latter category that tends to be the difficult ones."
       | 
       | source:
       | 
       | - https://wikipedia.org/wiki/There_are_unknown_unknowns
       | 
       | ____________
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | > Related physics topics on known unknowable true state of the
         | universe
         | 
         | I'd argue it's an open question whether this is related,
         | depending on which interpretation you prefer :)
        
           | O__________O wrote:
           | Agree, though struggle to find any of the alternative
           | interpretations as plausible, though it's obviously still an
           | open question pending actual proof.
        
       | pixl97 wrote:
       | Maths fundamental flaws
       | 
       | https://youtu.be/HeQX2HjkcNo
        
         | qsort wrote:
         | I quickly skimmed it. It seems like a very decent introduction
         | to the topic for a non-technical audience (it even points out
         | the relation between TMs and Godel's first), but I can't for
         | the life of me figure out why every pop-culture presentation of
         | this topic talks about it like we found out a CVE in math or
         | something.
         | 
         | It's a property of how logical systems work; there are no
         | problems with math, I promise.
        
           | a-saleh wrote:
           | I think it is more along the lines of how some people reacted
           | to the theory of relativity with moral panic :D
        
       | shanebellone wrote:
       | "To our modern minds, scepticism is normally associated with
       | frustration and sceptical conclusions are usually taken to be
       | disturbing because they seem to stand in the way of certainty
       | about the world and our place in it."
       | 
       | Say cognitive dissonance without saying it.
       | 
       | "But we might be tempted to say that the appearance of the
       | majority is to be preferred: if the majority finds honey sweet,
       | or finds hemlock poisonous, shouldn't we just trust them? Sextus
       | answers negatively. He argues that we cannot prefer the majority,
       | because the perception of the majority of Greeks is often
       | different from the perception of the majority of, say, the
       | Persians. We must avoid making any judgments and withhold our
       | assent. We must be sceptics."
       | 
       | Interesting argument regarding democracy and virtue being
       | mutually exclusive. Societies often conflate quorum with moral
       | authority.
        
         | n4r9 wrote:
         | > Say cognitive dissonance without saying it
         | 
         | It appears related to cognitive dissonance, but not quite the
         | same.
         | 
         | Cognitive dissonance is when you hold simultaneously
         | conflicting or contradictory feelings or opinions about
         | something. For example, you might believe that you care about
         | animal welfare, but simultaneously eat meat indiscriminately.
         | Both of these things fulfill an inner need, but their
         | combination gives rise to a level of discomfort.
         | 
         | The quotation refers to the wilful avoidance of doubt and
         | complexity. The analogy here would be taking a position like
         | "It is fine to eat animals because they obviously don't think
         | or feel". This makes various presumptions about what thinking
         | or feeling is, and the moral status of those concepts (or their
         | negation), while dismissing the idea that this is up for
         | debate. Again, this fulfills an inner need, but without the
         | conflict and discomfort.
        
           | shanebellone wrote:
           | "the wilful avoidance of doubt and complexity"
           | 
           | That precisely describes the typical conflict resolution
           | process. We almost always take the path of least resistance.
           | 
           | Cognitive dissonance causes the behavior described.
        
       | bena wrote:
       | The fact that we may technically perceive things differently
       | doesn't matter.
       | 
       | If the blue I see is not the blue you see, it doesn't change the
       | fact that we both agree that other things we see like that are
       | also perceived as blue.
       | 
       | When this isn't true, that's when we discover certain things
       | about our biology. Color-blindness, for example.
       | 
       | So the question of what are things like "independent of any human
       | perception" is kind of a non-starter. They are almost always
       | exactly like they are when being perceived. A tree falling in the
       | forest does everything necessary to create sound. Whether it
       | makes a sound or not depends on how you define sound. If you
       | define it as the various vibrations in the air, then you could
       | say it does. If you define it specifically as those vibrations
       | being received by something capable of interpreting those
       | vibrations, then it doesn't.
       | 
       | The only counterexample is the double slit experiment. However,
       | at that level, our observation is no longer technically passive.
       | So it is possible that our observation is the element that
       | changes the behaviour of the particles.
        
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