[HN Gopher] The Agon light is the fastest 8-bit microcomputer
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       The Agon light is the fastest 8-bit microcomputer
        
       Author : unwind
       Score  : 48 points
       Date   : 2023-02-02 09:26 UTC (2 days ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.thebyteattic.com)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.thebyteattic.com)
        
       | Someone wrote:
       | I wonder why they went for 18MHz. The TI-84 Plus CE has a 48MHz
       | eZ80 (https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI-84_Plus_series#TI-84_Plus_
       | C...), so it faster parts exist. Is it difficult for hobbyists to
       | design the PCB, etc for a 50MHz machine? Or at the faster parts
       | hard/impossible to find nowadays?
        
         | derefr wrote:
         | > Is it difficult for hobbyists to design the PCB, etc for a
         | 50MHz machine?
         | 
         | My understanding is that, from 1MHz or so (like a 6502) through
         | to about 10MHz (like an 8086), it's pretty easy to _prototype_
         | a complete computer -- CPU wired to memory, IO, etc, and
         | everything in tolerance to speak to one-another within the CPU
         | 's half-clock sample rate -- with just discrete logic
         | components (e.g. NOR DIPs to combine address lines to make
         | chip-select pins, etc) on a breadboard.
         | 
         | Get much faster than that, though, and those discrete logic
         | chips start to add too much delay; so you start having to
         | prototype directly for a PCB with surface-mount components,
         | rather than ever having a breadboarding phase. Which sucks,
         | because now you're having to send your design out to be printed
         | and picked, and so your iteration speed is now 1/100th of what
         | it would have been before.
        
           | cmrdporcupine wrote:
           | This is, I believe, why many designs back in the day used
           | wire-wrap. A cleanly done wire wrap can apparently get quite
           | clean signal and achieve high frequencies. The Atari ST and
           | Amiga generation machines were prototyped this way, for e.g..
           | For the ST, 8mhz memory bus but faster for the video shifter
           | portions where the RAM was multiplexed between the CPU and
           | the Shifter.
           | 
           | http://www.bambi.net/atari/atari_st_prototype.html
           | 
           | Unfortunately wire wrap sockets are very difficult and $$ to
           | source these days. Which is too bad because it seems like a
           | good halfway point between breadboarding and PCB.
           | 
           | FWIW I've managed to managed to get clean DVI/HDMI output off
           | FPGA on a breadboard, and I'm by no means talented in
           | electronics.
        
             | rootbear wrote:
             | I was fascinated to learn that the Apollo Guidance Computer
             | was wire-wrapped. A good wire-wrap is a very reliable and
             | durable connection.
        
           | rcxdude wrote:
           | You can prototype with SMD and something like veroboard, but
           | it is fiddly enough that it's rarely worthwhile for anything
           | but the smaller circuits.
        
         | duskwuff wrote:
         | The processor in the TI-84 is a custom part built around an
         | eZ80 IP core.
         | 
         | There are faster 8-bit CPUs available off the shelf, though.
         | Hell, Silicon Labs makes some 8051 microprocessors that'll run
         | at up to 100 MHz.
        
       | fortran77 wrote:
       | There was a 24 MHz 16-bit microcontroller out in 1985 or so: The
       | Fairchild 9445
       | 
       | https://www.cpushack.com/2017/11/14/cpu-of-the-day-fairchild...
       | 
       | It ran the Nova 4 instruction set. We were using it for a
       | cutting-edge project: and all Digital Radio receiver, for EVLF
       | communications to submarines in the 16 kHz range.
        
       | SinePost wrote:
       | The TI-84 Plus CE has a eZ80 at 48 MHz.[1]
       | 
       | https://www.brownmath.com/ti83/diff8384.htm
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | justin66 wrote:
       | > Agon light(tm) is a true 8-bit microcomputer in that there are
       | no FPGAs and no emulation in it.
       | 
       | It would be nice if people would stop pretending CPUs implemented
       | on FPGAs are somehow not real.
        
         | cmrdporcupine wrote:
         | There's gotta be an academic graduate level anthropology thesis
         | that could be written with the title _" What Is Real?: The
         | Online 'Retro-Computing' Subculture and Its Search For
         | Authenticity."_
         | 
         | The whole "no FPGA" thing is kind of funny when you see people
         | reach for microcontrollers to do their video display component,
         | and those microcontrollers themselves often greatly outperform
         | the main CPU. What's the major difference between dropping in
         | an MCU vs an FPGA?
         | 
         | Aside: A friend of mine has reimplemented the whole C64 VIC-II
         | VDP in Verilog ("VIC-II Kawari") complete with a test harness
         | built around VICE, etc, amazing work; it would be so cool to
         | see someone pony up the cash to get something like that fabbed
         | in fresh new silicon. Then we could have a "true" retro video
         | display controller so we can have a truly authentic neo-retro
         | computer :-)
        
           | sponaugle wrote:
           | Indeed - I was surprised to see an ESP32 on there, driven
           | over serial, for the video output. That seems an order of
           | magnitude more modern than using a CPLD, much less an FPGA. I
           | am building a VGA adapter for my 68k supercomputer using a
           | CPLD which presents some challenges that would be easy to
           | solve in an FPGA. I have wrestled with that concept of what
           | is retro enough, and there is no simple answer. Sticking with
           | thru-hole is hard enough given the ever declining
           | availability of parts!
        
       | shrubble wrote:
       | They use an 18MHz eZ80 part. I have a 33MHz on its way to me now,
       | except it is in a tiny 40mm square case and access is serial only
       | over USB.
       | 
       | I think it is this one:
       | https://www.tindie.com/products/circlem/minz-c-small-cased-3...
        
       | SV_BubbleTime wrote:
       | I like that its 32bit audio and video co-processor is superior in
       | almost everyway.
        
       | LoveMortuus wrote:
       | >Agon light(tm) is the fastest and cheapest 8-bit microcomputer
       | ever made.
       | 
       | But... The cheapest that I can see is about 50EUR... That doesn't
       | sound very cheap to me :/
       | 
       | Am I just lacking some information or is it actually not that
       | cheap?
        
         | mat_epice wrote:
         | It's really a single-board computer, analogous an 8-bit
         | Raspberry Pi. Not expensive for a SBC, but not as cheap as I
         | would expect an 8-bit thing with vga would be.
         | 
         | Being that 8-bit processors have been gone from interactive
         | systems for so long, anything under a couple of hundred dollars
         | would have been "cheapest." It would just have to come in under
         | the price of the 80s systems. I could win the same kind of
         | contest by making a 5-bit machine at any price!
        
         | tyingq wrote:
         | The "DUINOMITE" is 20EUR, but it's based on a 32 bit CPU, even
         | though it sort of functions like an old 8-bit home
         | computer...boots to a BASIC interpreter.
         | 
         | Similar is the VGA+PS/2 equipped ESP32 board:
         | https://www.aliexpress.us/item/2251832855287283.html at $12USD
         | or so. But, again, not 8-bit.
         | 
         | I think their claim of cheapest for this Agon light is because
         | a 8-bit home-pc style computer is such a niche/purist space.
         | It's more expensive to build a keyboard/vga ready thing because
         | the chip doesn't have much built-in.
         | 
         | https://www.olimex.com/Products/Duino/Duinomite/DUINOMITE/op...
        
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       (page generated 2023-02-04 23:00 UTC)