[HN Gopher] W3C re-launched as a public-interest non-profit orga...
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       W3C re-launched as a public-interest non-profit organization
        
       Author : epilys
       Score  : 293 points
       Date   : 2023-01-31 14:35 UTC (8 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (www.w3.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (www.w3.org)
        
       | yreg wrote:
       | So what was it before and what's the material difference now?
        
         | shortformblog wrote:
         | It was a "hosted" organization that was managed by a number of
         | universities and research/educational bodies, which meant that
         | it had to go through these organizations to make material
         | decisions, such as hiring and investment. They did it this way
         | because when the W3C was founded the goal was getting up and
         | running quickly. But over time, this setup became complex.
         | 
         | Now, with this restructuring, it can make its own decisions
         | about who to hire, for example, and can also do its own
         | fundraising.
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | It was an organisation with no legal existence, existing as an
         | agreement between different host organisations (originally MIT
         | & CERN, soon turning into MIT & INRIA, then later joined by
         | Keio University and Beihang University, INRIA also getting
         | replaced by ERCIM).
        
       | mmastrac wrote:
       | What I'm learning from this thread today is that there's a lot of
       | animosity to what WHATWG did when Hixie et al rebooted the
       | standard (which at the time was effectively dying and
       | unmaintained).
       | 
       | Can anyone explain this politicking and bad blood? Are there some
       | people upset this long after it all happened?
        
         | jrochkind1 wrote:
         | My read:
         | 
         | A) WHATWG is totally controlled by the browser vendors, which
         | have become even more of a small oligopoly than it seemed they
         | would be 10 years ago. It's basically Apple, Mozilla, Google
         | and Microsoft -- so those four organizations, three of which
         | are enormous corporations, are controlling web standards. (And
         | in practice it seems to mostly just be Google-controlled for
         | whatever reason, but either way). Whereas W3C at least
         | hypothetically was accountable to multiple stakeholders.
         | 
         | B) The WHATWG "living standard" is not really a standard at all
         | as many engineers understand or would like it.
        
           | JoshTriplett wrote:
           | > B) The WHATWG "living standard" is not really a standard at
           | all as many engineers understand or would like it.
           | 
           | I've found it _incredibly useful_. For the first time,
           | someone actually _wrote down_ all the details of how to do
           | real-world HTML parsing, rather than having that knowledge
           | all embedded in web browsers.
           | 
           | WHATWG specifies how HTML _actually works_. You can follow
           | the WHATWG standard and actually implement a web browser, or
           | an HTML parser.
        
             | andrewmcwatters wrote:
             | > WHATWG specifies how HTML actually works. You can follow
             | the WHATWG standard and actually implement a web browser,
             | or an HTML parser.
             | 
             | No they didn't. In fact there are whole sections of the web
             | standards that have no normative details on how to
             | implement them other than descriptive notes about how the
             | end results should function. It's a core reason why the
             | Internet Explorer team had issues with CSS composition.
             | It's UNDEFINED.
             | 
             | Not sure what "standard" you're reading. No implementor
             | wants to write against a "living standard" that you have to
             | fork for a pinned date of what your rasterizer conforms to.
             | 
             | WHATWG just links to a bunch of W3C actual versioned
             | standards for the majority of specifications, most of which
             | they didn't actually want to do work on.
             | 
             | Maybe HTML parsing is one of them, but HTML parsing
             | mechanics are perhaps the least interesting of all of the
             | specifications.
             | 
             | Oh by the way, for people who actually read the
             | specifications required to build a full web browser know
             | that you still actually have to read WebKit, Chromium, and
             | Gecko/Quantum codebases to understand what they have all
             | silently agreed to do that isn't documented in the
             | specifications.
             | 
             | Why? Because further still, there are whole sections of web
             | standards that are intentionally undefined and left to
             | vendors to implement however they want.
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | > It's a core reason why the Internet Explorer team had
               | issues with CSS composition
               | 
               | I may be _entirely_ mistaken, but isn 't that just
               | because WHATWG hasn't forked CSS away from W3C? Perhaps
               | this is an indication that they should?
               | 
               | > Maybe HTML parsing is one of them, but HTML parsing
               | mechanics are perhaps the least interesting of all of the
               | specifications.
               | 
               | They're something that was previously (as far as I know)
               | completely undocumented, for which there's now a publicly
               | documented algorithm that actually parses real web
               | content. I think that's a good approach to provide for
               | more things, and there are still plenty of things for
               | which we don't have enough information like that.
               | 
               | > Because further still, there are whole sections of web
               | standards that are intentionally undefined and left to
               | vendors to implement however they want.
               | 
               | Other than the _utter garbage fire_ that is DRM, what
               | other aspects are  "intentionally undefined"? (Genuine
               | question, would love to learn this, and would be
               | unpleasantly surprised to find out that there are more.)
        
               | andrewmcwatters wrote:
               | The most important ones..., like, how is a website drawn?
               | Well, there's intentionally no such definition. And
               | people wonder why Internet Explorer was so "bad," it
               | wasn't that IE was bad, the standards themselves are
               | garbage. Foundational visual user agent compositing is
               | based today on CSS 2.1, and all CSS modules that build on
               | top of it.
               | 
               | Newer algorithms like flexbox have a formal algorithm
               | with minor undefined details documented.
               | 
               | The entire box model has no normative processing
               | standard. It basically tells implementors, "Well, it
               | should look like this, but you know if you want to do
               | something different, that's fine. We don't tell you how
               | to process glyphs or lines, so figure it out."
               | 
               | Let me put it this way: there is no such thing as a
               | collection of web standards that you can read today and
               | implement a visually similar output to mainstream
               | evergreen browsers. They don't exist. It's a farce, a
               | lie, an illusion. However, you want to articulate it,
               | there it is.
               | 
               | Some subsets are formally defined and provide an actual
               | algorithm you can implement, others describe an output
               | with no processing model, further some standards exist
               | which implicitly require that an undefined formal
               | processing model exists.
               | 
               | You MUST read existing web browser codebases and their
               | explicit comments which specifically say things like,
               | "This is what WebKit/Blink/Gecko/Quantum does, so we do
               | it here, too," in order to create a web browser that does
               | something similar.
               | 
               | It can be as basic as line processing to as nuanced as
               | box shadow processing, or as complex as how subtrees
               | affect _framebuffers._ Yes, there are CSS properties
               | dedicated to altering the implementation level details of
               | a CSS processing model that doesn 't formally exist.
               | 
               | I know this specifically because I wrote a compositor
               | that conforms to a subset of CSS 2.1 and additional CSS
               | Modules.
               | 
               | I STILL don't know how one writes a performant compositor
               | today because what you're supposed to do is write one
               | with a tile-based rasterizer and virtualized graphics
               | commands.
               | 
               | You can't just rasterize subtrees to framebuffers because
               | the calculated CSS may result in dimensions larger than
               | what your hardware can support for backing layers.
               | 
               | Try finding that in the CSS standards.
        
             | rhdunn wrote:
             | The key issue is the "Living Standard" part, not the
             | technical details of the specification.
             | 
             | Practically, it means that an implementor needs to record
             | the date at which they implemented a given piece of
             | functionality.
             | 
             | It means that: 1. different implementors (e.g. the various
             | HTML parsers in Java, C#, etc.) can be on different
             | revisions, so can have subtly different behaviour while
             | being conformant to those versions of the spec; 2. an
             | implementor that implements a given algorithm/behaviour in
             | the spec can have the details of that change -- therefore,
             | they need to follow all commits to the spec in order to
             | figure out what has changed; 3. references to the spec
             | (numbered headings -- e.g. "5. parsing", and URIs) can
             | change when content gets moved, merged, renamed, making
             | other specs that reference those easily outdated.
             | 
             | Having numbered specifications makes it easier to tell what
             | is in that version and what has changed between the
             | versions.
             | 
             | Imagine writing a Java, C#, etc. application to a Living
             | Standard. It would quickly become unmanageable as libraries
             | would be using different features from different revisions.
        
               | IshKebab wrote:
               | If you've done any web work at all though it's pretty
               | obvious that the edges of the spec are never especially
               | well specified and browsers have different
               | implementations all the time. Sometimes deliberately.
               | 
               | So you don't really lose anything at all by having a
               | continuously updated spec instead of a versioned spec.
               | Hell if you want you can think of the date as the
               | version. Then there's no difference at all. Many
               | versioning systems work like that.
               | 
               | > Imagine writing a Java, C# etc. application to a Living
               | Standard.
               | 
               | Those are bad examples because they have implementations
               | that are overwhelmingly popular and therefore the de
               | facto standard is "what does the official compiler do?".
               | 
               | A better example is C++. Guess what? C++ implementations
               | are incomplete and patchy and often have subtle
               | differences just like with web browsers.
        
               | JoshTriplett wrote:
               | I personally think the web _should_ have used a more
               | solid standard from day 1. If something like strictly
               | validated XHTML had been the _very first_ thing shipped
               | on the web, and anything that didn 't validate wouldn't
               | display, we'd have had a very different web.
               | 
               | But _given_ the web we have, I think we need to document
               | it.
               | 
               | > It would quickly become unmanageable as libraries would
               | be using different features from different revisions.
               | 
               | As far as I know, HTML5 is generally forward-compatible.
               | Once something has actually shipped in the standard,
               | there's a question of "how new of a browser do you need
               | to use this", but not "how old".
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | The counter to (a) that, is if your standard is beholden to a
           | bunch a stakeholders who aren't actually making the software,
           | you're going to end up with something useless that nobody
           | implements.
           | 
           | The biggest difference between whatwg html and earlier w3c
           | html is that people actually implemented whatwg html where
           | w3c standards were more wishful thinking that never got used
           | or implemented (rip xhtml).
        
             | WorldMaker wrote:
             | XHTML 1.x was well implemented in most browsers and was
             | highly used by a subset of web developers.
             | 
             | XHTML 1.x also did a lot to help shake out things like
             | "quirks mode" versus "standards mode".
             | 
             | HTML 5 imported a lot of things that worked from XHTML 1.x.
             | 
             | It's true that XHTML 2.0 was murdered before the spec
             | finished but that was part and parcel of the WHATWG coup.
             | We have no idea what the final product from XHTML 2.0 would
             | have looked like (it certainly didn't look useless, though
             | it aimed for the stars and probably wouldn't have met them)
             | or if it had implemented if it would have been used because
             | the browser implementors had already decided they were
             | going to take charge instead.
        
               | bentley wrote:
               | > XHTML 1.x was well implemented in most browsers and was
               | highly used by a subset of web developers.
               | 
               | Well, the XML part wasn't. Serve your XHTML as text/html
               | and it was "supported" by virtue of being treated like
               | HTML with some minor syntax errors. Serve your XHTML as
               | application/xhtml+xml, as required to get any XML
               | features, and it wouldn't display in Internet Explorer at
               | all.
               | 
               | XHTML 1.0 was allowed to be served with text/html for
               | compatibility reasons, if you were careful to not make it
               | too different from HTML (don't self-close an empty
               | <textarea>, for example, and add a space before every
               | "/>"). XHTML 1.1 didn't allow the text/html MIME type at
               | all, and so basically nobody used it.
               | 
               | That's not even getting into XML's unpopularly draconic
               | error handling for pages that _did_ get served as XML...
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | I recall I had XHTML 1.x Strict served as XML working in
               | Internet Explorer (that would have been my primary
               | testing/dev browser at the time, even). It was certainly
               | no cakewalk, but it was briefly possible. As I recall it
               | the XML mime types stopped working again shortly after
               | HTML 5 became the headwind.
        
               | goto11 wrote:
               | XHTML 2.0 was not backwards compatible with HTML and was
               | therefore doomed from the start. It would never have
               | succeeded.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | As I recall even in draft standards you could mix XHTML
               | 1.0 namespaces and XHTML 2.0 namespaces to use "backwards
               | compatible markup" where you needed to. It wasn't
               | _pretty_ as most things involving XML and lots of mixed
               | namespaces isn 't, but it was possible.
               | 
               | We still don't know if it would have gotten _more_
               | backwards compatible had browsers tried to actually
               | implement it.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | > it certainly didn't look useless, though it aimed for
               | the stars and probably wouldn't have met them
               | 
               | That one sentence pretty much sums up why w3c is a bad
               | standards body.
               | 
               | A standards body is not a research group. If you are
               | aiming for the stars you are doing it wrong. A standards
               | body is supposed to be doing the boring work of
               | formalizing what is known to work well, not try and
               | invent new untested things.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | In order for a standards body to be successful, it must
               | be possible to attempt standards and fail them before
               | they leave the standards body. Otherwise they would lose
               | credibility by publishing recommendations that won't get
               | wide acceptance. XHTML2 is an example of a W3C WG
               | exercising restraint. That is a good thing.
               | 
               | You seem to think standards should only be built in
               | reverse, which is essentially the WHATWG philosophy:
               | Browser vendors implement something they think is useful,
               | then try to negotiate to get it standardized. That's not
               | bad per se, but it's limited and it's a different system
               | of accountability.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | I think there is a large spectrum of standards bodies and
               | working to productize outside research and aspirations is
               | a part of some good standards bodies.
               | 
               | Not a lot of people are calling WHATWG a bad standards
               | body, but it is even worse at taking stuff directly out
               | of Blink research and labeling it a draft standard with
               | only a single implementation with sometimes seemingly
               | very little study into its safety or long-term viability.
               | 
               | I suppose there is a small distinction between Ivory
               | Tower academic aspirations and research versus Walled
               | Garden corporate aspirations and research, but at the end
               | of the day it certainly feels the same, and I have more
               | reasons, myself, to admire the academic aspirations that
               | aren't tied to corporate interests and profit motives,
               | but I can understand why some feel what Google and WHATWG
               | is doing is better for the web because they start with
               | that first "implementation" of their research instead of
               | a chalkboard and a hope for a better web.
        
             | willseth wrote:
             | Great argument for zero accountability to users and
             | everyone else impacted by decisions of browser vendors. You
             | don't seem to be aware that the W3C has been chugging
             | along, publishing real web standards that do get
             | implemented, for years - or the actual roles of W3C and
             | WHATWG in the standards process - so just stop. (Also FYI
             | https://caniuse.com/?search=xhtml)
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | > You don't seem to be aware that the W3C has been
               | chugging along, publishing real web standards
               | 
               | Including most recently standards that are basically a
               | way to give a thin veneer of respectability to crypto
               | shit (e.g. DID)
               | 
               | To be clear, i am not saying everything w3c does is
               | totally devoid of value. They have done useful work. But
               | its still an org that generally makes bad standards that
               | are rarely followed. The recent bitcoin stuff is shit and
               | basically not a standard. The historical standards are
               | also often terrible, especially when you step away from
               | html (you can't possibly read XMLSignature and think any
               | of it is a remotely good idea).
               | 
               | As an org, its riding almost entirely on the coat tails
               | of HTML, and now that that is gone, what is the point?
               | 
               | > zero accountability to users
               | 
               | Has w3c ever done anything at all that actually helped
               | users over browser vendors? Things like P3P that aren't
               | implemented don't count.
        
               | willseth wrote:
               | [flagged]
        
           | no_wizard wrote:
           | Two use Blink, which is a fork of Webkit (Google owned.
           | Microsoft uses its own forked version for Microsoft Edge
           | since Edge Version 79). Apple uses Webkit proper, and Mozilla
           | is Gecko driven.
        
             | rascul wrote:
             | I find it interesting that KDE is the original creators of
             | the most used browser engine today.
        
         | WaitWaitWha wrote:
         | Web Hypertext Application Technology Working Group (WHATWG)
         | 
         | https://whatwg.org/
         | 
         | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WHATWG
        
         | goto11 wrote:
         | WHATWG did the right thing because W3C had basically abandoned
         | HTML at the time. A fork of the spec was the only was forward
         | for the web. But WHATWG is fully controlled by the browser
         | vendors where W3C was more neutral.
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | It depends on if you agree that the focus on XHTML as the way
           | forward (and out of "quirks mode") for the web was
           | "abandoning" HTML or not.
        
             | goto11 wrote:
             | Quirks mode is a backwards-compatible rendering mode which
             | retains certain historical bugs in the CSS implementation.
             | It is completely independent of the HTML/XHTML divide which
             | is about the syntax of HTML.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | Hammering out how strict XHTML was to be was a big part
               | of the browser conception of "modes" to begin with. XHTML
               | itself as a standard suggested "three modes"
               | Transitional, Strict, and Frameset. Transitional XHTML
               | was still more strict than classic "quirks mode" (though
               | obviously much less strict than Strict XHTML which was
               | too strict for most people) which got its name somewhat
               | in contrast. Quirks mode survived for a while longer
               | after XHTML declined because of things like historical
               | bugs in CSS (and ES3-), but trying to clean up many of
               | those historical bugs was considered a part of the reason
               | for XHTML and part of why XHTML suggested multiple
               | "modes" that documents could opt into to get better
               | behavior.
        
               | goto11 wrote:
               | The three XHTML DTD's (Transitional, Strict, Frameset)
               | were just copied from the HTML 4.0 spec, so they are
               | independent of the HTML/XHTML divide.
               | 
               | There are really three independent things in play:
               | 
               | - DTD's define a set of valid elements and attributes.
               | 
               | - Quirks/standards rendering modes affect how CSS is
               | rendered.
               | 
               | - The HTML/XHTML divide is about the low-level HTML
               | syntax and how invalid syntax should be handled.
               | 
               | These are all independent concerns since CSS operates on
               | the parsed tree of elements and doesn't care about
               | lexical syntax or DTD's.
               | 
               | XHTML did not attempt to address the quirks/standards
               | mode issues at all, since this is the domain of CSS.
        
               | WorldMaker wrote:
               | As far as I recall the HTML 4.0 and XHTML 1.0 specs were
               | drafted side by side and which one you want to give
               | credit for introducing the different DTD "modes" is a
               | matter of perspective. My perspective from that time was
               | that because the "modes" affected XHTML parsing (and mime
               | types) so much more than they affected HTML 4 they always
               | seemed to me designed for XHTML and back-ported/side-
               | ported to HTML 4.
               | 
               | The DTDs were a signal designed to opt into different
               | parsing _and_ rendering modes, including CSS rendering
               | differences (and as I recall even differences in ES3 mode
               | "option strict"/proto-ES5; though memory is hazy and I
               | don't remember which browser I think did that in my
               | testing at the time) and DTDs were a simpler signal than
               | most of the other alternatives at the time and since
               | (META tags/Headers). They were never independent concerns
               | in practice, though sure they could have been in theory.
               | Rendering changes _were_ one of the reasons few
               | developers opted into XHTML 1.x Strict.
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | The very short tl;dr is there were a couple main contentions:
         | 
         | * Continuing work on HTML at all, instead of furthering work on
         | XHTML + XForms + etc.
         | 
         | * Certain decisions, especially around accessibility &
         | internationalisation, at a point where the editor (then Hixie)
         | practically controlled the decision making.
        
         | andrewmcwatters wrote:
         | They could have done it as a WG in W3C, but they decided not
         | to. They instead created a separate organization and cabal
         | which today is controlled de facto by Google.
        
           | gsnedders wrote:
           | They couldn't: to form a W3C WG requires support of the staff
           | and the W3C membership, and it was clear that there wasn't
           | that support prior to the WHATWG's formation. I believe the
           | original preference of those involved was to do it at the
           | W3C.
           | 
           | And indeed, Web Forms 2.0 was presented as a position paper
           | by Opera and Mozilla at a W3C workshop in 2004, prior to the
           | formation of the WHATWG, and voted down:
           | https://www.w3.org/2004/04/webapps-cdf-ws/papers/opera.html
        
         | echelon wrote:
         | They killed momentum on XHTML, which included reusable
         | modularization and components. Inclusion of semantic web /
         | structured RDF graph data was an objective, and this all got
         | pushed by the wayside.
         | 
         | Strict, structured data could have posed a threat to Google by
         | enabling other search engines to more easily build fact-based
         | competitors and crawl the web of rich data. The decentralized
         | nature of OWL/RDF would have pushed the web closer to P2P
         | aggregation (think RSS, FOAF, pingback...)
         | 
         | The web could have been less Facebook-y, less Google-y, more
         | Napster, more GPT-3 if XHTML had won.
        
           | mike_hearn wrote:
           | What killed XHTML was the lack of backwards compatibility and
           | especially the first-mover problem with embedding and the ads
           | ecosystem. Namely, making a large production website fully
           | validate was very hard, yielded zero ROI, and if anything
           | went even slightly wrong such that invalid XML was emitted
           | that would create a site outage that you couldn't easily
           | detect server side.
           | 
           | That's a bitter pill to swallow even as is, but now throw in
           | the common practice of mixing in markup from third parties
           | for ads, social buttons, login forms and other things and now
           | you can have a major site outage caused at random by third
           | parties, which, again, cannot be detected server side.
           | 
           | As for RDF, GPT-3 is sort of the ultimate repudiation to that
           | whole line of AI research. GPT-3 doesn't care about
           | structured data at all, it can't even use it any better than
           | a human would.
        
           | bawolff wrote:
           | The RDF vision (where every website authors their own rdf
           | graph in an open world sort of way, which web spiders search
           | in a unified fashion) has tons of problems that its advocates
           | refuse to acknowledge. Most notably lack of incentives to
           | participate, complex authoring burden and poor scalability of
           | graph querying.
           | 
           | The only time rdf has had success is when there is only an
           | extremely limited vocabulary allowed (xmp, certain other
           | metadata standards) or when the ecosystem is closed so its
           | just one site or group making the rdf (e.g. wikidata)
           | 
           | It was never a threat to google because it was never going to
           | win.
        
           | shadowgovt wrote:
           | That last assertion is heavy speculation. Why are we assuming
           | that, had XHTML been the dominant infrastructure, Facebook
           | and Google wouldn't still be the best at leveraging it?
           | 
           | And if anything, Google desperately did and does want people
           | to semantically annotate data. They're extremely confident in
           | their ability to be the best at organizing it, and well-
           | annotated clean data is a huge benefit to them.
        
           | tannhaeuser wrote:
           | Disagree. HTML, until HTML 4.01 published 1999, was
           | formulated as an SGML vocabulary. Then, starting in 1997, W3C
           | (technically, the SGML Extended Review Board in cooperation
           | with ISO) "went meta" and created XML as an SGML subset in
           | anticipation of a wealth of new vocabularies on browsers to
           | be supported, of which SVG and MathML made it. Today, these
           | vocabularies are integrated into HTML, with HTML rather than
           | XML parsing rules (for example, element names are treated
           | case-insensitive). HTML itself still uses tag inference and
           | attribute shortforms that are only part of SGML but not the
           | XML subset of SGML. Basically, the multi-year detour of
           | creating XML was not worth it _for the web_ since everything
           | XML could do was by definition possible using SGML as well,
           | it being a strict superset of XML, despite XML being hugely
           | successful in enterprise computing and the publishing
           | industry, and most HNers only knowing XML.
           | 
           | What XML (XHTML2) was onto, however, was a completely
           | unrealistic attempt to redefine browser behavior and
           | vocabulary, with no buy-in from browser vendors (except
           | Opera?), and with things such as XForms and wildly unproven
           | RDF/SPARQL stuff. Ian Hickson was right in 2004 to fork HTML;
           | browser vendors had no alternative.
        
           | ShroudedNight wrote:
           | Did the people driving the semantic web ever really get
           | traction on the taxonomy problem? I vaguely remember a lot of
           | hand-waving about semantic ontologies, but the mechanics to
           | actual reconcile the widely divergent labels humans
           | inevitably produce always seemed to be someone else's
           | problem.
        
           | goto11 wrote:
           | RDF is independent of (X)HTML and W3C kept control of RDF and
           | related standards.
           | 
           | It is true that RDF have failed to live up to its promise,
           | but this have nothing to do with WHATWG.
        
         | pwdisswordfishc wrote:
         | I can't speak for everyone else, but I am resentful that it
         | promoted the Web as an platform for running applications
         | containing arbitrarily-complex (Turing-complete) code instead
         | of a platform for exchanging structured (declarative)
         | documents, I despise the philosophy of 'backwards compatibility
         | at all costs' it follows, and the massive volume of standards
         | documents it produces, all of which basically guaranteed the
         | browser engine (quasi-)market would remain an oligopoly, by
         | making it prohibitively expensive for new, leaner yet practical
         | implementations to emerge (both because of the initial cost of
         | catching up with the _current_ state of the art and also of
         | keeping up with the Red Queen's Race of the ever-evolving
         | 'living standards'; just look at the sorry state of NetSurf).
         | Not to mention the security holes their attitude engendered. If
         | we moved to XHTML, maybe we wouldn't have the meta-utopia Web
         | 2.0 promised, but at least we wouldn't have CVE-2020-26870.
         | 
         | The WHATWG was formed as a cartel of browser vendors that
         | pretended to be a standards body. And these days even 'cartel'
         | may be too generous, now it's just a Chrome rubber-stamping
         | committee.
        
       | sylware wrote:
       | Well, it is supposed to be fine since the web core is still
       | around which nearly all services provided over the net can be
       | performed with, namely with noscript/basic (x)html. You can add
       | <audio> and <video> and pass that to an external mediaplayer
       | until the URL seeking interface is standard and keep web browsers
       | as they are supposed to be: lean/light client.
       | 
       | Basic (x)html forms can do wonders.
        
       | rvz wrote:
       | So can they now tell us who voted for the DRM changes and why
       | Mozilla failed to resign with the EFF despite going with those
       | changes?
       | 
       | This announcement is a magnificent _nothing_.
        
       | andrewmcwatters wrote:
       | Too bad WHATWG has hijacked the standards.
        
         | anticensor wrote:
         | Apparently the name WHATWG is also self-descriptive, as in
         | "What working group?".
        
         | dmitriid wrote:
         | It's _good_ that WHATWG hijacked the HTML standard and made it
         | consistent among browsers etc.
         | 
         | Too bad _Chrome_ has now hijacked _all_ of web-related
         | standards.
        
           | marginalia_nu wrote:
           | Not all too different to back when Microsoft hijacked all
           | web-related standards.
        
           | andrewmcwatters wrote:
           | Who do you think runs the WHATWG?
        
             | dmitriid wrote:
             | "The WHATWG was founded by individuals from Apple Inc., the
             | Mozilla Foundation and Opera Software"
             | 
             | Steering group is people from the 4 major companies.
             | 
             | At least originally WHATWG was undeniably and undisputedly
             | a good thing. Their work literally removed
             | incompatibilities from the web by producing standards that
             | specify how HTML should actually be rendered, for example.
             | 
             | Now everything is subverted and co-opted by Google, of
             | course.
        
               | andrewmcwatters wrote:
               | > Their work literally removed incompatibilities from the
               | web by producing standards that specify how HTML should
               | actually be rendered, for example.
               | 
               | No they didn't. There's no standard today that exists
               | that describes the implementation level details of CSS
               | 2.1. It's descriptive and you have to figure it out
               | yourself.                   // 2.3 The CSS 2.1 processing
               | model                  //    This section up to but not
               | including its subsections is non-normative.
               | //    This section presents one possible model of how
               | user agents that         //    support CSS work. This is
               | only a conceptual model; real implementations         //
               | may vary.
        
       | orangepurple wrote:
       | I thought W3C became irrelevant with the advent of WHATWG.
       | 
       | In any case, the de-facto standard is whatever Blink does, and
       | there is really no way around that for the foreseeable future.
        
         | KwanEsq wrote:
         | WHATWG only picked up the abandoned HTML torch when W3C went
         | off into fantasy land with XHTML 2.0. W3C was still and always
         | relevant for CSS.
        
           | orangepurple wrote:
           | How can W3C be relevant if Google develops the roadmap for
           | Blink?
        
           | WorldMaker wrote:
           | XHTML 2.0 had some good ideas, it wasn't all "fantasy land",
           | and WHATWG still picked over the corpse of XHTML 2.0 and
           | added some of them to HTML 5. XHTML 2.0 was never truly
           | finished so we have no idea what the final product would have
           | looked like if the browser implementors had actually
           | contributed back into the process instead of going off in
           | their own direction.
        
       | btown wrote:
       | So, going off some of the descriptions of how this impacts
       | budgeting and hiring from [0], I feel like this is a bit of a
       | double edged sword:
       | 
       | - Under the new model, corporations will be able to more
       | aggressively influence funding, and thus be better able to ensure
       | their interests are represented by new staff members responsible
       | for shaping debate on features.
       | 
       | - But under W3C's old model, where budgets and hiring were
       | subject to approval by university liasons, staff couldn't be
       | hired with enough agility and bandwidth to prevent those
       | corporations from being overly aggressive anyways. Perhaps with
       | more non-corporate-aligned humans being able to wholly focus on
       | standardization now, there will be more attention paid to
       | community engagement.
       | 
       | I suppose time will tell. When it comes to things like FLoC (now
       | Topics) [1] the privacy implications of having an agile standards
       | board are more important than ever, and may actually have
       | significant impacts on people's physical safety.
       | 
       | [0] https://associationsnow.com/2022/08/world-wide-web-
       | consortiu...
       | 
       | [1] https://blog.google/products/chrome/get-know-new-topics-
       | api-...
        
         | phpisthebest wrote:
         | They have been a rubber stamp for Google for years now anyway
         | so there is no functional difference.
         | 
         | What ever Google wants, the W3C approves as "standard"
        
           | asoneth wrote:
           | Agreed, though I'm not sure the W3C has much choice. When
           | WHATWG wrested control of HTML from W3C it drove home that
           | browser implementers determine the standard. Given chromium's
           | ~75% market share[1] and Apple's ~18% market share it
           | increasingly seems like the purpose of the W3C is
           | performative, to lend more credibility to what has become a
           | proprietary standard driven by Google and Apple.
           | 
           | [1] tallying across chromium-based browsers:
           | https://gs.statcounter.com/browser-market-
           | share#monthly-2022...
        
           | dmitriid wrote:
           | It's not true, to w3c's surprising credit.
           | 
           | What Google does, is publish a "draft" which is as far from a
           | standard as their authors are from the Moon. This gives
           | Chrome the leeway to call it an "emerging standard" and just
           | ship it. It doesn't care if there are objections, or that
           | other browser vendors will not implement it. It's now a
           | "standard" in Google's dictionary.
           | 
           | For something to become a W3C standard even in the present
           | world, you need a consensus and at least two independent
           | implementations. None of that exists for stuff Google pushes
           | out (hardware APIs, web transport, constructible stylesheets
           | [1], the list goes on...).
           | 
           | The correct name for those is _Chrome-only non-standards_.
           | 
           | [1] These one isn't even a draft. It is.... "a collection of
           | interesting ideas" in a working group
           | https://wicg.github.io/construct-stylesheets/ Shipped by
           | default in Chrome, of course
        
             | jacooper wrote:
             | Chromium only, not chrome only
        
           | afavour wrote:
           | That's pretty transparently untrue. Plenty of examples of
           | Mozilla and/or Apple refusing to give the go-ahead.
        
             | btown wrote:
             | Whether or not this has been true historically, all three
             | companies are under massively increased pressure in the
             | current environment, and may not be sufficient checks on
             | each other the way they have been in the past.
        
           | gsnedders wrote:
           | Genuinely: what do you believe the W3C has published as a
           | standard (and not as a draft, not as a community group
           | report) without support from multiple vendors?
        
         | atomicUpdate wrote:
         | > When it comes to things like FLoC (now Topics) [1] the
         | privacy implications of having an agile standards board are
         | more important than ever, and may actually have significant
         | impacts on people's physical safety.
         | 
         | This sounds like needless fear-mongering. Is there anything to
         | backup any concerns about people's physical safety?
        
           | darig wrote:
           | [dead]
        
         | greggarious wrote:
         | Remember the good old days, when Google didn't have a browser
         | and Googlers donated generously to public benefit nonprofits
         | like Mozilla?
         | 
         | The real issue is allowing folks with a fat salary to advocate
         | in bad faith against a healthy internet. (Along with shit like
         | moving the Chrome team into the same building as Mozilla HQ and
         | poaching employees for years.)
        
           | rascul wrote:
           | Isn't Google still donating generously to Mozilla?
        
             | greggarious wrote:
             | Individual Googlers might be, "Google", the company, is
             | relentlessly ratfucking the organization as it perpetually
             | threatens to yank the search deal.
        
         | gsnedders wrote:
         | It was frequently the case the hosts didn't want to be sinking
         | money into the W3C previously: this is the reason for many of
         | the recent (controversial) moves (especially around WoT,
         | advertising, etc.) to try and attract further members to try
         | and increase revenue.
         | 
         | If anything, this is likely going to result in the W3C having
         | fewer staff and lower costs, and thus only needing membership
         | fees to cover a lower sum than it has previously.
        
       | asasidh wrote:
       | A truly decentralized web should not have any central bodies,
       | non-profit or otherwise.
        
         | mnot wrote:
         | So, how would that work, exactly?
        
       | shortformblog wrote:
       | For those interested in this from a nonprofit perspective, I did
       | an interview with W3C's recently departed CEO, Jeff Jaffe, last
       | year to discuss the organization's thinking around this move:
       | https://associationsnow.com/2022/08/world-wide-web-consortiu...
       | 
       | (Jaffe left the organization in December:
       | https://www.w3.org/blog/news/archives/9776)
        
         | brickers wrote:
         | Jeff... Jaffe?
        
           | [deleted]
        
       | zoobab wrote:
       | They were financed by corporations.
       | 
       | They gave up freedom by voting for secret DRMs in "standards".
       | 
       | A complete disgrace.
        
         | ramesh31 wrote:
         | The other option was irrelevance. At least we have a seat at
         | the table.
        
           | mmastrac wrote:
           | The other option was forcing browsers to have to make this
           | part of the tech stack convoluted and painful for those using
           | DRM, perhaps diminishing the appeal of using it -- not
           | irrelevance. We had plugins in the early days of the web, and
           | the W3C was entirely relevant at that time despite the
           | dominance of flash.
        
             | zokier wrote:
             | > The other option was forcing browsers to have to make
             | this part of the tech stack convoluted and painful for
             | those using DRM,
             | 
             | W3c had and has zero leverage to _force_ browsers to do
             | anything
        
             | spankalee wrote:
             | You'd rather have plugins than streaming services that just
             | work?
             | 
             | Please tell me that since you're against DRM you don't use
             | Netflix, HBO Max, Disney+, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Apple TV, or
             | any of the other services that have exploded since EME.
             | 
             | And since they're presumably wrong to want DRM, tell me you
             | also don't pirate their content.
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | > You'd rather have plugins than streaming services that
               | just work?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > Please tell me that since you're against DRM you don't
               | use Netflix, HBO Max, Disney+, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Apple
               | TV, or any of the other services that have exploded since
               | EME.
               | 
               | No, I'm still a happy Netflix subscriber. And they would
               | have done just fine in a plugin model.
               | 
               | > And since they're presumably wrong to want DRM, tell me
               | you also don't pirate their content.
               | 
               | Your logic is just so bizarre here I won't bother with a
               | response.
        
               | PurpleRamen wrote:
               | > No, I'm still a happy Netflix subscriber. And they
               | would have done just fine in a plugin model.
               | 
               | Wouldn't that include disadvantages for the users?
               | Plugins are usually a black box, working independent and
               | lacking any way for customizing. The solution now is
               | narrow enough that customization is possible for users on
               | the harmless parts, without touching the DRM-part. By
               | which I mean things like play-settings, the interface,
               | behavior. There are many different types of extensions
               | for changing the user experience on Netflix and such,
               | stuff which did not exist for Flash&Co.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | I spent years authoring plugins.
               | 
               | Anybody who cares about end-use security should want
               | plugins out as quickly and completely as possible.
               | 
               | They literally ran in the same process as the browser.
               | Full access to the memory itself. No security at all, and
               | many of them were closed source.
               | 
               | The DRM standard was a strict improvement over the status
               | quo.
        
               | zozbot234 wrote:
               | EME only works with proprietary plugins anyway. A <video>
               | tag with EME is functionally indistinguishable from a
               | fully proprietary <embed>. But the W3C decided to endorse
               | EME as the "open" solution for completely spurious
               | reasons.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | 8.1 CDM constraints in the EME is a pretty big deal
               | relative to the plugin standard that hooks the <embed>
               | tag. Plugins generally ran unsandboxed in the browsers'
               | memory and therefore were a massive security hole.
               | 
               | EME unblocked killing Flash and made the web more secure.
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | > EME unblocked killing Flash and made the web more
               | secure.
               | 
               | Neither of these are correct. Flash was dead on mobile
               | long before EME, and the code running behind EMEs is an
               | unaudited, black box (and having worked on decompiling
               | the Mediatek secure enclave code, it's absolutely
               | horrendous).
               | 
               | The only thing I'd consider to be marginally secure is
               | Firefox's sandboxed DRM provider, and that could easily
               | be a vendored extension on the window/media object.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | > the code running behind EMEs is an unaudited, black box
               | 
               | It's an unaudited black box that isn't running in the
               | same process as the browser itself. It can certainly do
               | risky things in that context, but one of those things
               | isn't "scrape the user's bank password directly out of
               | the RAM it's sharing with the tab showing the bank's web
               | site."
        
               | mmastrac wrote:
               | I'm not going to defend plugins as they were (a plugin-
               | based DRM solution would not necessarily rely on the
               | <embed> tags), but they were migrating to run in
               | sandboxes before flash died. Chrome shipped flash-as-
               | locked-down-process from early in its history.
               | 
               | EME code, however, can have deep hooks into the OS,
               | especially on mobile.
        
               | account42 wrote:
               | > You'd rather have plugins than streaming services that
               | just work?
               | 
               | Yes.
               | 
               | > Please tell me that since you're against DRM you don't
               | use Netflix, HBO Max, Disney+, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Apple
               | TV, or any of the other services that have exploded since
               | EME.
               | 
               | I don't.
               | 
               | > And since they're presumably wrong to want DRM, tell me
               | you also don't pirate their content.
               | 
               | Not since I got out of school. But it's also irrelevant
               | as file sharing is not overly affected by DRM since it
               | only needs to be stripped once.
        
               | blendergeek wrote:
               | > Please tell me that since you're against DRM you don't
               | use Netflix, HBO Max, Disney+, Hulu, Amazon Prime, Apple
               | TV, or any of the other services that have exploded since
               | EME.
               | 
               | I can oppose DRM and still (regretfully) use DRM'd
               | streaming services. DRM was not necessary for any of
               | those services. Piracy still exists despite DRM. DRM is
               | about controlling the end-user experience, not preventing
               | piracy.
        
               | phpisthebest wrote:
               | I dont consume any of them in a Web Browser.
               | 
               | I watch them from a Roku Device on an Actual TV, where TV
               | and Movies should be consumed, not in a web browser
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | I'd much rather have plugins. I don't want to watch any
               | of the services you mentioned on my computer. I have a
               | dedicated hardware device for watching these things,
               | attached to my TV.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Plugins are a massive security hole.
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | Make a native app for Windows and Mac or something
               | then... keep that stuff out of the browser.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | Why? The browser is a far more convenient deployment
               | solution for the end-user: high-security via sandboxes
               | and partitioning by default, temporary, no installation
               | step required.
               | 
               | Are we pro-web here? Because if the answer to hard
               | problems is "make it native then," we might as well
               | declare the HTML stack a dead-end technology.
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | I'm pro-web. I'm also pro-watching TV things on a TV.
        
               | shadowgovt wrote:
               | I don't own a TV and I don't know what a "TV thing" is.
               | 
               | I do have a pretty large monitor on a wall patched into a
               | desktop PC via HDMI though.
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | If I want to watch Netflix, etc I watch them on a TV with
               | a dedicated remote. I'm not watching those things on a
               | desktop computer attached to a big screen.
        
             | PaulHoule wrote:
             | It was a masterstroke how Macromedia managed to normalize
             | cross-platform video with Flash.
             | 
             | Circa 2000 you had a number of vendors pushing incompatible
             | video and audio plugins such as Apple, RealMedia,
             | Microsoft, etc.
             | 
             | If you wanted to publish media and have it work for
             | everyone you had to support at least three formats.
             | 
             | Everybody thought Flash was about games and vector
             | animation and there was no pushback when Macromedia had
             | gotten a working video player into almost all web browsers,
             | which made YouTube possible. Oddly Adobe bought Macromedia
             | at that time and it was downhill for Flash after that... I
             | think primarily because web browser vendors quit fighting
             | over video formats and ganged up against Flash. Had
             | Microsoft, Apple, and others really known Flash was going
             | to win the video war they might not have bundled it with
             | their browsers.
             | 
             | Ultimately HTML 5 killed off Actionscript and today Adobe
             | Animate is alive and well not because people output Flash
             | or even Flash-emulated-in-HTML 5 but because people output
             | cross-platform video with it.
        
               | mattl wrote:
               | Flash also had a terrible security history and was seen
               | as a battery killer on mobile.
        
               | LarryMullins wrote:
               | Besides the notorious security issues, flash had abysmal
               | accessibility, cross platform support was nominal at best
               | if you weren't on windows, and despite this it was being
               | used in all sorts of places where it was completely
               | unnecessary, like what seemed to be nearly every
               | restaurant website. There were websites with navigation
               | menus written in flash for no good reason at all, just
               | because whoever made the website thought it would be cool
               | to use more animations or something.
               | 
               | The whole thing was a disaster. Nominally cross-platform
               | video playback was hardly a consolation.
        
               | PaulHoule wrote:
               | I remember getting involved in an argument with somebody
               | over this back when it was called 'FutureSplash' and
               | before it was bought by Macromedia. This guy was a
               | political activist and we were working with him to put
               | Noam Chomsky lectures online long before there were
               | podcasts but he thought people would connect better w/
               | animation-heavy interfaces.
               | 
               | I thought it was a good case study in how somebody who is
               | worried about corporate power when it affects the
               | workplace or foreign policy can be indifferent to
               | corporate power over technology. My friend Harel and I
               | felt pretty firmly that a web based on open standards was
               | going to be good for 'ordinary people' having venues for
               | self-expression. I think Mike Albert's viewpoint is
               | closer to the mainstream though, where most people
               | perceive ease-of-use as more 'liberating' than personal
               | control, like that _1984_ ad by Apple.
               | 
               | Today I think it is funny because I like animation-heavy
               | interfaces in video games and think, hypothetically, it
               | would be nice to see some more of that on the web, but I
               | develop a lot of 'intranet' applications that
               | consistently avoid the SPA boondoggle where the one thing
               | I really can't do is animate transitions. I guess I could
               | use HTMX and push the animations out to a 'frame' around
               | the 'pages' that get loaded but that is unappealing to me
               | because I'd like to have completely integrated animations
               | and not a library of dissolves, fades, wipes and loading
               | indicators that are much less necessary if you are
               | loading a 25k 'screen' as opposed to 2.5 MB of
               | Javascript.
        
             | ramesh31 wrote:
             | >The other option was forcing browsers
             | 
             | How, exactly?
        
         | ekianjo wrote:
         | Pretty much like the FDA
        
           | uni_rule wrote:
           | The FDA is a executive agency under the US federal
           | government. Also how does food have secret DRM?
        
         | afavour wrote:
         | To me it shows that they are living in the real world. Had they
         | denied DRM in browsers we'd have everything behind native app
         | barriers. I don't see that as a positive.
        
       | zoobab wrote:
       | And no need of HTML anymore, all the websites looks like
       | <html><one.js><two.js><three.js>, nowadays.
        
         | robertoandred wrote:
         | What do you think that JS generates?
        
         | forgotmypw17 wrote:
         | Not my websites they don't
        
         | Spivak wrote:
         | No no no silly.                   <html>            ...
         | <body>              <div id="app">              </div>
         | <script type="module" async src="/app.js"></script>
         | </body>         </html>
        
       | college_physics wrote:
       | As important as the Web still is (and with the re-
       | decentralization of the fediverse [0] it may yet get granted a
       | second chance), it has been clear for some time now that the
       | shape of digital life is rapidly being defined by mobile devices
       | where the web is a second class citizen. The original "web-phone"
       | dream has failed [1] and there is a distinct lack of ambition
       | about "open mobile".
       | 
       | [0] https://www.w3.org/TR/activitypub/
       | 
       | [1] https://support.mozilla.org/en-US/products/firefox-
       | os/basic-...
        
       | danielEM wrote:
       | Paid seats kill the purpose. These standards are only for rich
       | companies to preserve their business.
        
       | debacle wrote:
       | Is the W3C legitimate? At this point most of their standards are
       | behind the curve. It feels as though the big three are setting
       | the standards, and others (including W3C) are just following
       | along.
        
         | not2b wrote:
         | That's how standards organizations usually work. They can't
         | dictate standards. They have more power when there are many
         | participants, but when there are only a few players all they
         | can do is formalize things big players (mainly Chrome) decided
         | to add.
        
           | debacle wrote:
           | That's how fake standards organizations work. Industries with
           | real standards bodies benefit from collaboration on standards
           | before implementation.
        
       | neilv wrote:
       | This could turn out to be a very positive development.
       | 
       | The press release has more info:
       | https://www.w3.org/2023/01/pressrelease-w3c-le-launched.html...
        
       | tannhaeuser wrote:
       | > _Our vision for the future is a web that is truly a force for
       | good ... truly international ... more inclusive ... more
       | respectful of its users ... supports truth better than falsehood,
       | people more than profits, humanity rather than hate ... that
       | works for everyone, because of everyone._
       | 
       | Ok the question is _how_ to achieve these goals and are those
       | having failed to deliver on these goals for 28 years now
       | according to their own words really the ones to expect solutions
       | from, as W3C, Inc of all things.
       | 
       | I'm sorry but all I can see is W3C, Inc. acting in their own
       | interest, for job security. Because core web standards such as
       | HTML are specified elsewhere (basically by random people on
       | github, but mostly Google employees and other financially
       | dependent people who're calling themselves the WHAT working
       | group), leaving only CSS at W3C, and it's a fsking mess. Maybe we
       | can get W3C to work on a formal CSS spec or, better even, a
       | reference browser rather than la-la specs. Though I fail to see
       | how that could be financed under either their old or new funding
       | model.
        
         | robin_reala wrote:
         | They had a reference browser, but it looks like it's been
         | dormant for a decade: https://www.w3.org/Amaya/
        
           | ZiiS wrote:
           | Amaya specifically disagreed we should use "Browsers";
           | preferring that everyone could contribute by accessing the
           | web via an "Editor". Calling it a browser shows how far it
           | failed to achieve that.
        
             | marcosdumay wrote:
             | Nowadays, all the large browsers come with development
             | tools that are much more powerful than Amaya (Firefox even
             | has a developers edition that centers the UX around those
             | tools). People still use them for debugging, not
             | development, because the web is inherently a client-server
             | environment that does not allow development done by the
             | client.
             | 
             | This is more of a "what were they thinking?" situation than
             | we actually losing anything.
        
               | culi wrote:
               | I think Amaya's vision is much closer to the original
               | vision of the web though. CSS was made with the idea of
               | each user having their own stylesheet in mind so they
               | could browse the web however they wanted.
               | 
               | Obviously CSS has evolved way beyond that nowadays and
               | you need an extension on most browsers to even use
               | something like that. But I think there's a value in a
               | project like Amaya making these tools front and center
               | instead of stashing them away in ways only "developers"
               | are meant to use. I'd hope it'd cultivate a sense making
               | the web work the way you want it to work amongst the
               | general userbase
               | 
               | I would actually like to see the project reborn some day
        
               | slim wrote:
               | the fact it's client-server does not mean there needs to
               | be custom server development. see webdav.
        
             | goto11 wrote:
             | Editor-in-the-browser was re-introduced with
             | `contentEditable` in IE6.
        
               | bawolff wrote:
               | No love for netscape composer?
        
               | anotheraccount9 wrote:
               | Netscape (browser, editor, ...) was one of the best thing
               | that came out of this period.
        
               | yamtaddle wrote:
               | Netscape was bundling a full WYSIWG + markup editor with
               | their browser in '97, a few years before IE6 came out. It
               | was _kinda_ separate by my recollection, but still
               | basically felt like part of the browser, though it may
               | have been possible to install the browser stand-alone (it
               | 's been too long, I don't remember)
        
             | culi wrote:
             | Well they still refer to it as a web editor, but I think
             | it's hard for the rest of us, who've only known browsers,
             | to catch up on that
        
         | recuter wrote:
         | > I'm sorry but all I can see is W3C, Inc. acting in their own
         | interest, for job security.
         | 
         | It is painfully obvious that just about everybody who speaks in
         | that certain way is primarily/exclusively concerned with their
         | own job security. Welcome to Zombocom.
        
         | mort96 wrote:
         | Funny that most of those "ideals" of theirs are directly
         | contradicted by their support for DRM. Being a "force for
         | good", "inclusive", "respectful to its users", "people rather
         | than profits", "that works for everyone"? Utter bullshit.
         | Profits for media conglomerates are clearly more important to
         | them than all of those values.
        
           | bdougherty wrote:
           | DRM is not good, but if they didn't specify DRM, it would
           | still end up in browsers as proprietary methods, or it's
           | possible proprietary browser plugins like Flash would have
           | continued to exist. Unfortunately, you can't just make the
           | people pushing for DRM go away by not specifying it.
        
           | CharlieDigital wrote:
           | > ...by their support for DRM
           | 
           | I'm going to be Devil's advocate here and say that DRM
           | ostensibly protects the IP of content originators who I think
           | we'd agree should be rewarded for investing in or creating
           | that content.
           | 
           | Perhaps you have some other scheme or perspective on how
           | content originators/creators can/could/should monetize their
           | IP without DRM? Genuinely curious what alternative schemes
           | are viable for protecting and rewarding content creators.
           | 
           | (Yes; let's all acknowledge that even with DRM, pirating
           | still exists)
        
             | bobajeff wrote:
             | DRM, especially the kind used in browsers, is cracked all
             | the time. So the claim that it 'protects IP' is false. It
             | mainly just adds a barrier to creating compatible competing
             | browsers/players.
             | 
             | Edit: Here's a worthy read for the topic:
             | 
             | https://web.archive.org/web/20140906214521/https://plus.goo
             | g...
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | I already acknowledged this; there's no such thing as
               | perfect DRM and there can never be. There are a million
               | and one ways to copy content, DRM be damned. But for the
               | majority of users, there is a balance between
               | inconvenience, quality, and cost that DRM tips the
               | balance just enough for a part of the market.
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | The problem is that DRM only has to fail/be cracked
               | _once_ for every piece of media. If users who wanted to
               | pirate something had to crack the DRM every single time,
               | I 'd be with you. But that doesn't happen. Instead, scene
               | groups crack them and upload the media on torrent sites
               | and the like, then it's just like any other pirated piece
               | of content.
               | 
               | In terms of convenience DRM doesn't change a thing,
               | because from the consumer's perspective it's all there on
               | a torrent site, there's no way to even know if something
               | had DRM unless you look it up specifically.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | Online games include anti-cheat software. I'd argue that
               | this is also "anti-consumer" because it forces me -- a
               | non-cheater -- to install monitoring software. Not only
               | that, despite this anti-cheat software, there are still
               | cheaters in every online game!
               | 
               | Do you take the same view that game developers should
               | just abandon anti-cheat because it can be cracked? Should
               | online games just abandon anti-cheat schemes? Would that
               | be a better experience for the gamers and the
               | developers/publishers if we just abandoned anti-cheat
               | because it's not perfect and there are always cheaters?
        
               | EMIRELADERO wrote:
               | In the case of DRM it's different. The inconvenience
               | threshold is only about non-pirated to pirated, not
               | "pirated (no DRM originally) to pirated (with DRM
               | originally)"
        
               | uncomputation wrote:
               | Faulty analogy. The lack of DRM would not hamper _my_
               | enjoyment of the media, as the lack of anti-cheating ware
               | would hamper my enjoyment of a shared game. Put simply,
               | DRM is about protecting the _creator_ , anti-cheat is
               | about protecting the _consumer_.
               | 
               | FWIW, I pay for nearly all the streaming apps and still
               | get the file itself through ${other means} because I want
               | it for offline viewing/future viewing etc just like we
               | used to be able to with DVDs. If the streaming provider
               | provided this file, I wouldn't need to resort to these
               | other means and they wouldn't lose a customer who now
               | already has to have an alternate pathway to get a soft
               | copy of the file.
        
               | herczegzsolt wrote:
               | I'd say yes. Anti-cheat and anti-crack has created far
               | too many issues for me as a legitimate customer. I prefer
               | paying for DRM-less content and opensource software, and
               | i'd choose to pay them over commercially protected
               | alternatives anytime.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | > Anti-cheat and anti-crack has created far too many
               | issues for me as a legitimate customer.
               | 
               | Let me get this straight, though: you would rather that
               | CoD, Fortnite, LoL, Lichess, etc. just make it open
               | season; no anti-cheat. You believe that as a gamer, your
               | gaming experience would be enhanced if there was no anti-
               | cheat.
               | 
               | If that's your logical conclusion -- that no anti-cheat
               | is the answer because there are always going to be some
               | cheaters -- then I have nothing. We'll just have to agree
               | to disagree. As a gamer, I'm happy to install anti-cheat
               | if it can defeat the majority of casual cheaters -- even
               | if it costs some frames or adds overhead to the startup
               | time.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | The flaw with your theory is that it's not browser or
               | video player sellers who are pushing for DRM. What
               | interest does Netflix have in preventing competing
               | browsers / players?
        
               | fabrice_d wrote:
               | A major DRM scheme is Widewine, controlled by no other
               | than Google. So you have Google which is a browser
               | vendor, an OS vendor and DRM gatekeeper. Even if as you
               | say Netflix is fine with competing browsers/players, as
               | long as they use Widewine they put everyone else at the
               | mercy of Google's decisions. This is absolutely anti-
               | user, anti-competitive madness. Mozilla pushed back as
               | long as possible but had to give up.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | You do know that Firefox supports using Widevine too?
        
             | LarryMullins wrote:
             | > _DRM ostensibly protects the IP_
             | 
             | Ostensibly is doing a lot of work here because it
             | _literally does not._ I can torrent any show or movie that
             | is otherwise being streamed with DRM. DRM is a complete
             | farce that serves no actual purpose but to make idiotic
             | media executives happy.
        
               | conradev wrote:
               | It's a little strong to say it "literally does not" when
               | I cannot break L1 Widevine, which uses the W3C's APIs
               | 
               |  _You_ might be able to torrent any show or movie in high
               | quality with a private tracker, but it 's hard to come by
               | 4K HDR content just hanging out for free these days.
        
               | TheNorthman wrote:
               | > You might be able to torrent any show or movie in high
               | quality with a private tracker, but it's hard to come by
               | 4K HDR content just hanging out for free these days.
               | 
               | Even if that's the case, that's not an issue of DRM,
               | that's an issue of distribution.
               | 
               | It's also just flat out not true. Sure, some of the 4k
               | HDR content might originate from PTP/BTN/scene/w.e., but
               | it's readily available on e.g. RARBG.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | I do not care. Even if DRM was magic and perfectly
             | prevented piracy, it's not appropriate in the web. We're in
             | a situation where it's intentionally impossible to write an
             | open-source browser which can render any standard web page.
             | That's not an acceptable state of affairs.
             | 
             | EDIT: Wow, I didn't expect "it should be legal to make an
             | open source web browser which can render any standard web
             | page" to be so controversial. I'm disappointed.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | DRM is only unable on audio and video tags. You can still
               | render the rest of the page. Often sites will gracefully
               | fallback onto a lower quality version of the content if
               | you don't support DRM. You could also just use widevine
               | from your open source browser to play it.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | I'm not sure why you are telling me this. It is correct
               | (aside from typos), but doesn't affect what I said.
               | 
               | FYI, widevine is not open source.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Widevine isn't a browser. Similarly running GNU bash on
               | Windows doesn't suddenly make GNU bash no longer open
               | source even though it is calling out to closed source
               | code.
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | An open source browser can not render standard web pages.
               | A browser can either be open source and unable to render
               | DRM content, or it can contain closed-source components
               | and be able to render DRM content. Firefox + Widevine is
               | the second kind, Firefox without Widevine is the first
               | kind. It is illegal to make a fully open source browser
               | which can render any standard web page.
        
               | nerdbert wrote:
               | That's missing the point, I think. The HTML spec includes
               | elements that cannot be rendered using open source
               | software. Yes, of course other parts of the page can be
               | rendered (at least today) but it's absurd for them to
               | claim that they are supporting open standards.
        
             | IgorPartola wrote:
             | As far as I can tell, piracy exists for exactly two
             | reasons:
             | 
             | 1. Content is priced way the fuck higher than market value.
             | 
             | 2. Content is so encumbered that it is difficult to even
             | get it or use it.
             | 
             | The way I see it is that #1 is not a problem for content
             | creators. It is relatively rare compared to people buying
             | content and the person who would rather download an episode
             | of The Office rather than paying Apple $1.99 for it was
             | unlikely to pay if that was the only option in the first
             | place. Their alternative to piracy isn't to spend the
             | money. It's to watch something else.
             | 
             | As for #2, it is a self-inflicted wound. There was a time
             | when the 6th Harry Potter movie was about to come out in
             | theaters. I wanted to do a marathon watch of the first 5
             | movies with my family. I had the first 4 on DVD and wanted
             | to buy the 5th. I checked all streaming services and none
             | had it. In fact it appeared that some removed it a month
             | prior. I then called several nearby stores and all were
             | sold out. A store 20 miles away had a copy for $40. After
             | spending nearly an hour to find this out, I spent 5 minutes
             | downloading it off a torrent site. Maybe indestructible
             | your content will net you more money even if you have some
             | of your content pirated.
        
               | CharlieDigital wrote:
               | Are either of these true?
               | 
               | For $17/mo, I can access an endless stream of content on
               | Netflix. This is way cheaper than I remember my cable
               | subscriptions used to be (if we consider the cost of
               | Internet access as fixed in either case). Verizon is even
               | offering to throw in Hulu, Disney+, and a bunch of other
               | streaming services "free" if I switch to FIOS + mobile.
               | 
               | I can watch Netflix on my phone, tablet, PC, TV,
               | Chromecast, Roku, Apple TV. I can watch any show, any
               | time I want, as many seasons and episodes as I want.
               | 24x7x365. Is it really encumbered? Aside from IP owners
               | walling off their services, content -- as long as you pay
               | for it -- flows more freely now than ever, IMO. If I go
               | to an Airbnb, I can log into my Netflix account and watch
               | all of my shows. I can log into my Amazon account and
               | watch all of my purchased movies. (Just don't forget to
               | log out!)
               | 
               | Yes; I can't watch it offline or if I'm in a location
               | with poor Internet speeds. But that is such a small
               | fraction of my time that it hardly registers. Yes; my
               | right to view content I've paid for can be revoked in
               | some circumstance I'm sure, but it's never once happened
               | to me.
        
               | stonogo wrote:
               | Yes, it's encumbered. You are beholden, across all of
               | your examples, to binary compatibility of a .so file
               | Google refuses to distribute for any platform except
               | x86_64 and 32-bit ARM. The fact that you have a lot of
               | such devices does nothing for the people who want to
               | either consume the content on other devices or develop
               | new devices for the purpose.
               | 
               | Much like DVD region locking, the majority of the
               | population doesn't care, and those who do are capable of
               | overcoming the DRM anyway, but the latter is illegal, and
               | leaves no room _at all_ for people who want to comply
               | with the law but not with Google 's device mandates.
        
               | IgorPartola wrote:
               | Dollars to donuts, I bet content available on Netflix is
               | pirated a lot less than content that is not. Gel
               | restrictions, content contractors expiring, not being
               | able to watch it on a plane, etc. all do contribute, but
               | Netflix is fairly priced for what it has (which is far
               | from everything) and fairly easily available.
        
               | ChuckMcM wrote:
               | Yes, and NetFlix is a great example. Prior to the
               | existence of NetFlix video piracy was extensive and
               | widespread, once NetFlix appeared that piracy was greatly
               | reduced as the "value" was there (it was more convenient
               | to pay NetFlix than to figure out how to pirate stuff).
               | It won't be "zero" of course but it was effective enough
               | that content companies have emphasized that model over
               | encrypted optical media.
        
               | Aeolun wrote:
               | > For $17/mo, I can access an endless stream of content
               | on Netflix.
               | 
               | $17/month for netflix is great when you have an income.
               | As a poor student, that's $17 I can save.
        
               | Shaanie wrote:
               | Then pay $9.99 for Netflix Basic or $6.99 and deal with
               | ads. If you can't afford that then there's basically no
               | price point that makes sense because you're simply not
               | willing or able to pay for entertainment.
        
               | ChuckMcM wrote:
               | Both of these points have been repeatedly proven in the
               | marketplace.
        
               | mehh wrote:
               | So in no part is piracy also because some people like to
               | get things without paying ... come on let's be honest!
        
             | throw10920 wrote:
             | FWIW, you can make a reasonable argument that _DRM as it
             | currently exists_ is not about protecting IP of content
             | creators, but instead  "giving content providers leverage
             | against the creators of playback devices"[1]. To be sure,
             | both reasons contribute, but the latter isn't a good one,
             | and you can argue that W3C indirectly supported it
             | (although, I don't understand why it's preferable for DRM
             | to be implemented through entirely non-standard protocol as
             | opposed to having the W3C make something of a standard for
             | it).
             | 
             | [1] https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=29709939
        
           | charcircuit wrote:
           | DRM protects content creators from copyright infringement.
           | Protecting against copyright infringement, something which is
           | illegal and can hurt creators, is a force for good.
           | 
           | DRM would exist on the web with or without standardization
           | from the W3C.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | DRM is the epitome of prioritizing profits rather than
             | people and disrespecting users. In search of profits for
             | their stakeholders, the WHATWG and the W3C has made it
             | impossible to make an open source web browser which can
             | render standard web pages.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | Disrespecting users? As if users stealing your content is
               | not disrespectful to the owners of it. You can not just
               | selectively ignore groups of stakeholders whom you are
               | not a member of. The web should be made good for
               | everyone.
               | 
               | >the WHATWG and the W3C has made it impossible to make an
               | open source web browser which can render standard web
               | pages.
               | 
               | Chromium is an open source browser which can do that.
        
               | xigoi wrote:
               | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IeTybKL1pM4
        
               | mort96 wrote:
               | Chromium can render DRM content using a closed source
               | component. An open source browser can not render standard
               | web pages, because DRM is part of the standard and DRM
               | requires a closed-source component.
        
               | charcircuit wrote:
               | You are free to make an open source CDM and convince
               | people to use it, but good luck with that.
        
             | nerdbert wrote:
             | I don't think DRM protects content at all.
             | 
             | Every DRM scheme out there has been broken (or will be
             | soon, if it just came out). It is trivially easy for any
             | interested party to find copies of content with DRM
             | removed. In fact I'd say this content is more accessible
             | than if there were no DRM and the only obstacle were having
             | to splice together chunks of unencrypted stream data
             | transmitted by the authorized source. I was at someone's
             | house the other day, a Netflix subscriber mind you, and the
             | Netflix app wouldn't work on his laptop for whatever
             | reason. He went to a pirate site and had the show playing
             | within 30 seconds.
             | 
             | What DRM does protect, is the market position of equipment
             | and software vendors that have the resources to sign on as
             | DRM licensees.
        
           | lucideer wrote:
           | While it's a shame that support for DRM went through, this is
           | an org that's already suffering criticism for being
           | "irrelevant", through no fault of their own other than a
           | bunch of large rich corporations decided to throw their
           | efforts behind a more expedient force (WHATWG). It's
           | understandable to see why they would fear the same happening
           | with DRM (implementers decided to go with non-W3 specs in
           | order to add DRM support).
           | 
           | The above comment is a perfect example: criticising the W3C
           | for being a "fsking mess" due to forces outside of their
           | control (the ownership of web tech by a very small number of
           | very wealthy web client corporations).
           | 
           | It's just the way things have gone.
        
             | mort96 wrote:
             | I could forgive it if their stance was simply, "this is
             | unfortunate but there is nothing we can do about it". But
             | that wasn't their stance. Tim Berners-Lee (you know, the
             | director of the W3C) was publicly endorsing DRM.
             | 
             | You're right that the W3C has no actual power to dictate
             | what gets standardised anymore; they squandered that, so
             | now only WHATWG's word matters in the end. The only power
             | the W3C has is their ability to influence public opinion,
             | their voice is still rather meaningful in the public
             | debate. They could've used that voice for good, taking the
             | side of the EFF and other pro-freedom organisations to
             | denounce DRM. In the end, they would have had to
             | begrudgingly accept WHATWG's DRM standard if it came to
             | that, but they could've made it clear along the way that
             | it's a terrible idea. This would've put them squarely in
             | the pro-open-web camp, and would've made it clear to the
             | public that the WHATWG is in the anti-open-web camp.
             | 
             | Or they could've stayed out of the discussion, accepted
             | their irrelevance, and just adopted the W3C spec.
             | 
             | But they chose to actively enter the public debate around
             | DRM _in favour of_ this user-hostile, anti-open-web
             | standard. They chose to use their influence to convince
             | people that DRM is a good thing. They 're on the record as
             | being in favour of a web where it is impossible to make a
             | proper open-source web browser which can render any
             | standard web page.
             | 
             | In my book, the W3C's stance is clear as day: they're
             | actively hostile to an open web, and they're prepared to
             | spend any influence they might have to fight against it.
        
           | IncRnd wrote:
           | "This is the complete list of patent disclosures and
           | exclusions that have been made through IPP, for all W3C
           | groups." [1]
           | 
           | The latest 26 patents (the 2021 patents) are all in Apple's
           | name. It's pretty clear _what_ they do, which is different
           | from the marketing speak.
           | 
           | [1] https://www.w3.org/2004/01/pp-impl/patents
        
         | whatgroupsajoke wrote:
         | Those WHAT group folks are a joke. Look a this person. Asked
         | about an Accept Header on the windows.open function. They just
         | gave them the run around.
         | 
         | https://github.com/whatwg/html/issues/7810
        
           | dannyobrien wrote:
           | if that's a "runaround", i have terrible news about every
           | other standards body, including the w3c
        
       | [deleted]
        
       | Aissen wrote:
       | I'm guessing this means that the legal hurdles with the MIT are
       | over ? https://mastodon.social/@robin/109524929231432913
        
       | jmbwell wrote:
       | Here's hoping W3C has a better chance today, with people
       | increasingly aware that the web's commercial interests are
       | largely counter to the interests of a free and open society, and
       | with WHATWG dominated by those very commercial interests.
       | 
       | Maybe W3C bungled things with XHMTL 10 years ago, trying to pull
       | the web toward TBL's original vision of something like a giant
       | Wikipedia. But things are very different now, having spent the
       | interim in service to browser vendors and their monetization of
       | control over user data.
       | 
       | The mission is arguably much clearer now.
        
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