[HN Gopher] Superconductivity switches on and off in 'magic-angl...
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       Superconductivity switches on and off in 'magic-angle' graphene
        
       Author : wglb
       Score  : 61 points
       Date   : 2023-01-31 01:14 UTC (21 hours ago)
        
 (HTM) web link (phys.org)
 (TXT) w3m dump (phys.org)
        
       | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
       | Ah... Graphene, the gift that never seems to keep on giving.
       | 
       | It makes me sad to keep reading all these stories about what an
       | awesome thing Graphene and Carbon Nanotubes are, then never
       | seeing anything actually happen, in real life.
       | 
       | I have to assume that is because it is impossible to manufacture
       | these materials at any reasonable scale.
        
         | m463 wrote:
         | I wonder if the delay for these sorts of things is just this
         | way?
         | 
         | I mean, the theory of relativity came out in 1905, and
         | applications might have taken 70 or 80 years and only in small
         | ways.
        
         | irthomasthomas wrote:
         | Are you living under a rock? There must be hundreds of products
         | already using graphene. It's in batteries, sports equipment,
         | building materials, electronics. E.g.
         | https://hobbyking.com/en_us/graphene-5000mah-6s-75c.html
         | 
         | https://www.runningxpert.com/en/inspiration/best-inov8-runni...
         | 
         | https://shop.suninhouse.eu/gb/graphene-ir-heating-films/22-g...
         | Concretene is 30-50% stronger than standard RC30 concrete and
         | does not require steel reinforcement, meaning significantly
         | less material is needed to achieve the equivalent structural
         | performance. Although the material is more expensive to produce
         | (approximately 5% additional cost), the reduced amount of
         | Concretene results in 10-20% overall cost saving for the end
         | customer.
         | 
         | https://firstgraphene.net/applications/concrete/
         | 
         | https://elecjet.com/products/apollo-traveller-graphene-usb-c...
         | 
         | https://www.indiegogo.com/projects/ultron-most-powerful-wire...
        
           | CyberDildonics wrote:
           | The battery you linked is just a lipo battery that says
           | 'graphene' on it, it doesn't have anything to do with
           | graphene other than using the word for marketing.
        
           | dang wrote:
           | Hey, can you please edit out swipes like "Are you living
           | under a rock"? This is in the site guidelines:
           | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html.
           | 
           | Your comment would be just fine without that bit.
        
             | irthomasthomas wrote:
             | I thought the gentle scolding was appropriate to the scale
             | of misinformation shared in this thread.
             | 
             | It is a disservice to the community to downplay the
             | relevance of graphene.                 Modern building and
             | urban infrastructure construction are among the largest
             | consumers of raw materials globally, with cement and
             | concrete manufacturing alone responsible for approximately
             | 8% of the anthropogenic CO2 emissions globally.
             | https://www.azonano.com/article.aspx?ArticleID=6360
             | 
             | And yeah, you would have to have been living under a rock
             | if you are a hacker and you haven't heard anything about
             | any of this stuff. This is cutting edge and it's really
             | cool.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | I think this is a case of the "objects in the mirror are
               | closer than they appear" phenomenon (https://hn.algolia.c
               | om/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...). We all
               | underestimate the impact that these swipes have when
               | they're in our own comments. You know what your intent
               | was and you know that it wasn't malicious; but the rest
               | of us don't have access to that state (https://hn.algolia
               | .com/?dateRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...).
               | 
               | Also, there is one of you but thousands of rest-of-us
               | (i.e. readers), so your comment will have a statistical
               | distribution of responses. Most people won't have any
               | problem but inevitably, some tail of the bell curve gets
               | activated, and this segment is by far the most likely to
               | reply. This is how we end up with seriously degraded
               | threads under relatively mild provocation.
               | 
               | It's true that HN's rules come at the cost of a certain
               | blandness (https://hn.algolia.com/?dateRange=all&page=0&p
               | refix=false&qu...). But it's a mistake to think there's a
               | viable alternative to that cost, because you can't allow
               | for the creative/interesting/lively kind of swipe without
               | opening the gates of flamewar hell. If you have a small,
               | cohesive group, that kind of thing can work*, but not on
               | a large open internet forum. So we're all stuck with
               | having to err on the neutral side.
               | 
               | * I like the analogy of rugby: https://hn.algolia.com/?da
               | teRange=all&page=0&prefix=true&que...
        
               | TaylorAlexander wrote:
               | Whether or not you think the tone is justified, that type
               | of thing is just against the rules. User dang is the
               | moderator of this site. He will rarely intervene and if
               | he does please follow his requests.
        
               | irthomasthomas wrote:
               | I know who dang is, I just don't see how the phrase
               | living under a rock is offensive? It is a very trivial
               | thing in my culture. Perhaps it is different in America,
               | and I should be more sensitive, but the same goes both
               | ways. To me, that phrase is only lightly ribbing someone
               | who is out of touch with tech...on a tech forum. As I
               | said, in my culture this is not meant as anything
               | offensive and you could be more generous in your
               | interpretation of my meaning. Particularly as I went out
               | of my way to share so many useful links on the subject.
        
               | deeviant wrote:
               | You would benefit from listening more and talking less.
        
               | dang wrote:
               | Please don't respond by crossing into personal attack!
               | That just makes things worse.
               | 
               | https://news.ycombinator.com/newsguidelines.html
        
           | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
           | I get the feeling that these "hundreds" of uses aren't really
           | leveraging the materials' most effective properties. It would
           | not surprise me, if the graphene does little more, than add
           | expensive chrome to the brand.
           | 
           | Sort of like using a UPS unit as a doorstop. Looks fancy, but
           | maybe not its most effective implementation.
           | 
           | Maybe like the "Truffle Oil" industry:
           | https://www.tasteatlas.com/truffle-industry-is-a-big-scam
           | 
           | And, as far as I know, I am not living under a rock. Thanks
           | for the suggestion, though.
        
             | irthomasthomas wrote:
             | I gave a concrete example. Something that is in use today.
             | Concretene is 30-50% stronger than standard RC30 concrete
             | and does not require steel reinforcement, meaning
             | significantly less material is needed to achieve the
             | equivalent structural performance. Although the material is
             | more expensive to produce (approximately 5% additional
             | cost), the reduced amount of Concretene results in 10-20%
             | overall cost saving for the end customer.
             | 
             | https://firstgraphene.net/applications/concrete/
        
               | dahdum wrote:
               | All I've been able to find is some test slabs they poured
               | in 2021 and a bunch of news/pr articles. It doesn't
               | appear to be widely available or used despite the ease of
               | doing so (it's just an additive added at the plant).
        
               | irthomasthomas wrote:
               | I'm not surprised that there is a lot of inertia. No one
               | wants to be the first to recommend changing a 40 year old
               | recipe for pouring concrete damns. But "just an additive"
               | is really underselling it.                 The concrete
               | slab was setting so fast, and so strong, that the
               | builders had begun gliding polishing machines over the
               | driest part of the floor while their colleagues were
               | still pouring the other end of the rink.
               | "Normally, you'd have to wait a week before you could do
               | that," he says. The installation, in October last year,
               | took less than a day.            "By adding as little as
               | 0.1% graphene into cement and aggregate, you can
               | potentially use less material to get the same
               | performance," explains Mr Baker. Reducing the amount of
               | concrete used in construction for instance by 30%, could
               | lower global CO2 emissions by 2-3%, he estimates
               | 
               | To put that 2-3% in perspective, the UKs total CO2 output
               | amounts to 2% of the total. So this tiny little additive
               | to concrete could have massive impact.
               | 
               | https://www.bbc.co.uk/news/business-61913871
        
               | ChrisMarshallNY wrote:
               | "Concrete example" I see what you did, there...
               | 
               | Like I said, it looks like the only thing that is being
               | done, is that they are using graphene to add a bit more
               | tensile strength. I suspect that there are other
               | materials that would work just as well (or maybe better).
               | It's probably not the "killer feature" for graphene.
               | 
               | Reminds me of this old _The Onion_ story:
               | https://www.theonion.com/bantu-tribesman-uses-ibm-global-
               | upl...
        
         | 0xbadcafebee wrote:
         | So far. Eventually a manufacturing process will be worked out.
         | In the mean time there's a lot of theoretical stuff we gain,
         | and that theory gets used by other things. Remember that for
         | most of human history, scientific and technological progress
         | was _extremely_ slow, taking centuries for a minor improvement.
         | We 've been absolutely spoiled rotten by the past century.
        
         | peteradio wrote:
         | Pretty sure graphene is equivalent to asbestos on the cancer
         | scale. Not sure why there is such a pressure to put more more
         | more out there before we can assess the impacts.
        
           | Oxidation wrote:
           | Until they start stuffing it raw into house insulation,
           | making clothing and baby powddr from it and blowing it around
           | freely as fake snow, I think it'll be fine for the
           | foreseeable future. Even asbestos is generally fine as long
           | as it's fixed into a solid form and not disturbed (like
           | roofing panels).
           | 
           | And there's definitely awareness about nanoparticles, as well
           | as benzene and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that there
           | was not when asbestos was in full swing.
        
         | LatteLazy wrote:
         | Agreed.
         | 
         | I worked on Graphene back in 2006 and it has been the 18m away
         | from revolutionising everything ever since. The lack of a
         | reliable, precise, bulk, manufacturing process means so much of
         | these results are basically just theoretical.
         | 
         | :(
        
           | atonse wrote:
           | I remember reading a decade ago how they figured out how to
           | create it by using sticky tape to pull up a single layer...
           | what happened to that?
        
             | MoreSEMI wrote:
             | Unfortunately, that is stochastic and will not be
             | reproducible or result in yields anywhere close to
             | acceptable to industry. There are methods to grow materials
             | of the same class(TMDC) with CVD and the like, but
             | apparently they don't reach the quality of flakes that the
             | tape method results in.
        
           | sroussey wrote:
           | We should also figure out what do do with the stuff before it
           | ends up in the ocean and landfills. Or at least what will
           | happen when it's there.
        
           | dkqmduems wrote:
           | This is a poor understanding of the scientific method.
        
             | LatteLazy wrote:
             | My comment is not about the scientific method.
        
               | dkqmduems wrote:
               | You claim many of the results remain theoretical. Are you
               | familiar with the experimental validation of many of
               | these results? That is certainly part of the scientific
               | method.
        
               | edgyquant wrote:
               | You replied to a comment saying they had worked with the
               | stuff with a ridiculous assertion that they misunderstood
               | the scientific method. Learn social skills if you want to
               | actually discuss something
        
         | sebzim4500 wrote:
         | It is widely believed by aerospace nerds that the new models of
         | F-35 use carbon nanutubes to absorb radar. (Lockheed has a
         | patent and the timing works out)
        
         | AtlasBarfed wrote:
         | A good one I heard: graphene can do everything/anything except
         | get out of a lab.
        
         | neonate wrote:
         | They should make memristors out of it.
        
         | MoreSEMI wrote:
         | I think what is very poorly communicated by the scientists
         | writing these papers, is often that it is about investigating a
         | "model" system, generally because its is easy to work with such
         | system(i.e) shows interesting properties above 4k. Its less
         | about producing stuff with graphene, and more about
         | understanding the physics behind it. What eventually actually
         | gets produced may actually use materials that are similar to
         | the model system but not actually it.
        
           | mouse_ wrote:
           | It's at best misleading.
        
             | drowsspa wrote:
             | How is it misleading? Their research isn't about
             | manufacturing graphene.
        
         | rolenthedeep wrote:
         | At CES this year, I saw some capacitive sensors (with
         | astonishing sensitivity) made from fractal carbon nanotubes on
         | paper.
        
         | 2OEH8eoCRo0 wrote:
         | I thought they could be manufactured at scale but producing
         | long unbroken strands at scale is the issue. Nanotubes are
         | already in a bunch of things that don't require long strands.
        
         | yummypaint wrote:
         | There is alot people don't know about solid state physics in
         | general. Part of why people love to work with graphene is
         | because it makes it possible to begin investigating edge cases
         | in the current understanding of the quantum mechanics of bulk
         | materials. There is a great deal being learned about physics in
         | general through graphene systems.
         | 
         | I would not be surprised if some of this knowledge has already
         | found applications in use now like designing better
         | photodetectors, or applying a better understanding of cooper
         | pairs to improve commercial superconductors. A product does not
         | necessarily have to contain graphene or have graphene in its
         | name to have benefited from this line of research.
        
         | icambron wrote:
         | I have a friend who works in nanotube manufacturing and they
         | can do it at scale. My impression is that the industrial
         | application of this stuff is just a lot of hard work and has
         | progressed slowly.
        
       | DarmokJalad1701 wrote:
       | Maybe I missed it, but the article does not say what
       | temperature/pressure this material is superconducting at. Also is
       | this superconductivity the same as the typical definition of
       | superconductivity (e.g. YBCO)?
        
         | sp332 wrote:
         | It's supercooled to well below 1K, but I don't see anyone doing
         | research with magic angle graphene at high pressures.
        
           | spxtr wrote:
           | Matt Yankowitz' "Tuning superconductivity in magic-angle
           | graphene" shows how hydrostatic pressure affects TBG magic.
        
           | astockwell wrote:
           | Ah, no wonder there's no common daily uses of it yet.
        
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